Project work on history

PROJECT WORK ON HISTORY

IN modern conditions An educational project is a complex of search, research, calculation, graphic and other types of work performed by students on their own (in pairs, groups or individually) with the aim of practical or theoretical solution of a significant problem.

The project method contributes to the formation of critical and creative thinking of students, the ability to work with information, which fully meets the main task modern school- education of a socially active person capable of self-affirmation and self-improvement.

The concept of independent work of students, when they work on solving problematic issues, allows them to reveal processes in a new way historical development of our country, contributes to students' understanding of the past and present of Russia, helps to overcome dogmatism, which hinders the improvement learning activities students, leads to the formation of their own assessments historical events, development critical thinking students. In project activities, as a rule, it is possible to establish a dialogue between the teacher and each student, free from teacher pressure and mentoring edification.

How to organize work on a project?

As a rule, it is useful to highlight the following stages of work.

1. Selecting a project topic, determining its type and number of participants.

2. Substantiation of the problem studied within the framework of the intended topic.

3. Distribution of tasks into groups, search for information.

4. Drawing up a technological map with a presentation in a logical sequence of the progress of work.

5. Independent work project participants according to their creative tasks.

6. Intermediate discussions of the obtained data.

7. Presentation (defence) of projects, opposition.

8. Group discussion, conclusions.

What are the requirements for the results of educational projects?

The results of the design work can be obtained using both traditional and modern methods collection of information. At the same time, the results of the project activities:

They are presented in the form of a specific “product” (report, album, collection, plan-map, film, etc.);

Performed in the same style (for example, the final report should contain headings, subheadings, have margins, etc.);

Designed for the perception of both viewers and readers;

~- are defended in the presence of an interested audience;

Should be further used in the educational process.

The choice of the form of the project is determined by its theme, purpose, content, and the general intention of the author. It is important that thanks to the chosen form, the results of the work carried out can be presented in the best possible way at the presentation.

A project, in any form, must have explanatory note(theoretical part) with the following structure: title page(title educational institution, class, author, project name, supervisor, place of publication, year); table of contents; epigraph; introduction; the main part (chapters, sections, paragraphs); conclusion; list of used sources and literature; Appendix.

What do you need to keep in mind when working on a video project?

Many teachers and students, in particular, are attracted to work with TV and video projects. The availability of video equipment and the abundance of possible topics make this type of project very popular.

It should be borne in mind that, as a rule:

The total duration of the video must not exceed 10 minutes;

Project participants must have at least minimal initial knowledge in the field of media technologies;

Participants must be provided with the necessary

deoequipment for filming, editing, dubbing;

The duration of the project is the sum of the time spent on preparatory work(writing an abstract, developing a scenario plan, preparing for filming) and directly for filming, editing, dubbing (at least 10-12 days for each type of work);

At the stage of preparation for the presentation, at least two consultations are held with the participation of the teacher.

What are the requirements for multimedia presentation of project work results?

New information technologies, in particular, the possibilities of the Internet for receiving and transmitting textual, graphic, video information, creating a multimedia presentation, publishing, a Web site, and others, contribute to the use of non-traditional teaching methods, the formation of practical skills and abilities of students in mastering historical material.

Preparation of a multimedia presentation includes the following steps (in addition to those listed above and related to all types of projects): practical work in libraries, modeling; review of literature and electronic sources, search for information on the Internet, discussion of scientific problems; development of the structure of the presentation (to be specified in the course of work); use of additional resources and effects in the presentation; creating a presentation (usually using the Power point program); demonstration and defense.

What are the rules for conducting an interview that is part of the project work?

The teacher, organizing this type of work, proceeds from the need:

Careful preparation, definition, based on the subject and objectives of the work, a list of issues;

Creating a favorable psychological environment during the interview;

Allocations for an interview on average at least two hours;

Ensuring favorable organizational conditions (exclusion during interviews of distractions, calls, the appearance of strangers, etc.);

Providing interviewers with appropriate technical means (video camera, tape recorder, voice recorder, etc.).

By what criteria to evaluate the project?

In my practice, I take into account the following factors:

Significance and relevance of the issues raised;

The correctness of the research methods used and the methods for processing the results obtained;

The activity of each project participant in accordance with his individual capabilities;

Collective nature of decisions;

Compliance with the requirements for the chosen genre;

The use of additional (in relation to the basic training course history) information;

Evidence of decisions, the ability to argue their conclusions, conclusions;

Registration of project results;

The form of project defense, speech culture, the ability to answer questions from opponents.

MOU Orekhovskaya secondary school

2013-2014 academic year

Information project on the topic:

Olympic Games in antiquity and modernity.

The project was completed by:

5th grade student

Tereschenkova Anna Sergeevna

Subject:history ancient world

Supervisor:history teacher

Fedorina G.A.

S. Orekhovka

Ccontent:

1. Introduction.

2. Purpose of the project.

3. Project objectives

3. Relevance.

4. The emergence of the first Olympic Games

5. Revival of the Olympic Games, symbols and ritual of their opening.

6. Olympic Games in Russia.

Introduction

I chose this topic for several reasons. In 2013, our country hosted the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi. We get to know the world of history, learn about the development of the Olympic Games in ancient greece, and about how the Olympic Games were held when our mothers and fathers were still quite small.

Objective of the project:

To study the origin and development of the Olympic movement.

Project objectives:

Learn about the history of the Olympic Games

Expand your knowledge of the symbols of the Olympic Games

Find out information about the revival of the Olympic Movement and the holding of the Olympic Games in our country

Relevance:

At present, sports are given a lot of attention. Sports facilities are being built, new sports are emerging, the city of our country has been chosen to host the 22nd Winter Olympics, and the third hour of a physical education lesson has been introduced. But many questions arise:

1. Where did the Olympic Games originate?

2. Who was not eligible to take part in the Olympic Games?

4. What sports were included for the first time in the Olympics?

6. When were the Olympic Games not held?

7. When and where was the International Olympic Committee (IOC) established?

8. When and where were the first modern Olympic Games held?

9. What do the rings on the Olympic flag symbolize? How many rings and what color are they?

10 In what year were the Olympic Games held in Russia? Which city was considered the capital of the Olympics?

11. What was the mascot of the 22nd Summer Olympics?

12. What does the motto mean: "Sitius, altius, fortius"?

13. Where is the Olympic flame lit?

And I decided to look into all these issues.

Project plan:

1. Find out the origin of the first Olympic Games.

2. Get acquainted with the revival of the Olympic movement, the symbols and ritual of the beginning of the Olympic Games.

3. Tell about the modern Olympic Games in our country: the 22nd Summer Olympics in 1980 in Moscow, the 22nd Winter Olympics in Sochi in 2014.

1. The emergence of the first Olympic Games.

In this question, I will find out: when the first Olympic Games arose, the program of competitions, what the athletes performed in, to whom they were dedicated and what they awarded the winner with.

And so my first question is “When did the first Olympic Games arise”? To answer this question, I turned to the literature. And I learned that the first Olympic Games were held in 776 BC. e. in the city of Olympia on the banks of the river Alpheus. It was the greatest holiday in all of Greece, where delegations and embassies gathered. All kinds of wars stopped during the games. The Olympic Games were held in honor of the supreme Greek god Zeus every four years. It was a pan-Greek holiday in which only men participated. Women, slaves, barbarians, as well as people who were punished by the court, had no right to participate in the games. The games lasted five days.
The competitive part of the holiday consisted of running for 1 stage. What is a stage? The stage did not have a strictly defined length, as it was measured by the judges with feet - 600 feet, about 190 meters. From the word stages came the word stadium. The winner at the first Olympic Games was a cook from Elis - Koreb.

The competitions of runners were held in several stages, until there were 4 fastest ones left, who played for 1st place. Before 704 BC the game program consisted only of running, and at the 18th Olympiad, the pentathlon (now called the pentathlon) appears in the program. At that time, the pentathlon included: wrestling, javelin and discus throwing, jumping, running. After 5 Olympiads - a fist fight, and after another 2 Olympiads, chariot racing. After 32 years, pankration is included in the program of the Olympiad. Pankration is the most severe and most popular form of ancient Greek martial arts, which combines elements of wrestling and fisticuffs.

What clothes did the athletes wear? They performed in loincloths, but history has left a memory that, allegedly, during a running competition, one of the participants lost a loincloth, but won. From 720 BC athletes began to perform naked.

At the Olympic Games, they were awarded with an olive wreath. Olive Tree, according to legend, was planted by Hercules himself. This simple reward valued by the Greeks more than gold and jewels, it gives its owners eternal glory and honor.

At the Olympic festivities, not only athletes performed, but also poets who read poems and hymns composed in honor of the games, speakers glorified them in their speeches. Since the 84th Games, an art competition has become part of the Olympic competition program. Herodotus, Socrates, Demosthenes, Lucian performed at the games.

In 146. BC, when Greece lost its independence, the Olympic Games ceased to be held. In 394 AD Roman emperor Theodosius was the first to publish edict to ban the Olympic Games. In 392 - 395 AD. The ancient Greek Olympic Games were no longer held.

2. The revival of the Olympic Games, the symbolism and ritual of the opening of the Games.

In this question, I got acquainted with the names of people who proposed to revive the Olympic movement, with symbols and ritual.

B For more than a thousand years, the ruins of Olympia remained untouched. Only in 1824, the English archaeologist Lord Stanhof began the first serious excavations on the banks of the Alpheus and drew a plan of Olympia as it was in ancient times.

In 1793, one of the founders of the German gymnastic school Guts-Muts made a proposal to revive Olympism, but he did not find support. After 59 years, the idea of ​​the Olympic Games was brought to the general public in the form of a lecture called "Olympia", read on January 10, 1852 by another German gymnast - Ernst-Curtius in Berlin. At the end of the last century, the first international sports associations were created, competitions were held with the participation of athletes from different countries. With the entry of sports into the international arena, it became necessary to hold large complex competitions, to form the center of the international sports movement.

Under these conditions, French public figure Pierre de Coubertin made a proposal to revive the Olympic Games. He believed that the ideas of the Olympic movement would inspire humanity with "the spirit of freedom, peaceful competition and physical perfection" and would promote cultural cooperation between peoples.

November 25, 1892, in the main hall of the Sorbonne in Paris, Coubertin gave a lecture "Olympic Renaissance". It was then that he uttered his famous phrase: - We need to make the sport international, we need to revive the Olympic Games!

And before the astonished listeners, he painted a beautiful picture of the Hellenic civilization, the purpose of which was to educate a harmoniously developed, intelligent and beautiful person. The ancient Hellenes erected a cult of a harmoniously developed person; shortcomings in physical development were considered as shameful as flaws in intellectual education. Plato called the lame one who could not write, and the one who could not run or swim. History has preserved the names of prominent citizens of the ancient world who corresponded to - the term " harmonious person". Pythagoras, whose theorem is known to schoolchildren all over the world, was a powerful fist fighter. The father of medicine, the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, was considered a very good fighter and rider. The philosophers Plato and Socrates, the tragic poets Sophocles and Euripides were the owners of various awards for sports prowess. - And we heirs of this civilization!" exclaimed Pierre de Coubertin. So, the call was thrown. With the help of friends in many countries, Coubertin managed to organize a world meeting of supporters of Olympism. This meeting - or rather the Constituent Congress - took place on June 23, 1894 at the Sorbonne. Two thousand delegates from twelve countries unanimously decided to revive the Olympic Games and establish the International Olympic Committee (IOC).This is the highest governing body of the Olympic movement, which included fourteen representatives from twelve countries, including our country - lieutenant general, teacher A. D. Butovsky.

H In order to stretch the thread connecting the two civilizations - the Hellenic and ours, Athens was chosen as the venue for the I Olympic Games of our time. 1896 was named the year of the 1st Olympiad. And since then, every four years, a fire runs across the planet, lit on the altar of Olympia fanned with the breath of centuries. It goes beyond the mountains, descends into the valleys... This fire crosses one border after another. The person passes it on to another. And thus, representatives of different nations become closer, the Olympic flame unites them.

And now we come to the question of symbolism and rituals.

olympic fire

R The ritual of lighting a sacred fire comes from the ancient Greeks and was revived by Coubertin in 1912. The torch is lit in Olympia by a directed beam of sunlight formed by a concave mirror. The Olympic flame symbolizes purity, the attempt to improve and the struggle for victory, as well as peace and friendship. The Olympic torch is delivered to the main stadium of the Games during the opening ceremony, where it is used to light a fire in a special bowl in the stadium. The Olympic flame burns until the closing of the Olympics.

Motto consists of three Latin words - Citius, Altius, Fortius. Literally, it means "faster, higher, stronger." This three-word phrase was first spoken by French priest Henri Martin Didon at the opening of a sports competition in his college. Coubertin liked the motto, he considered that these words reflect the goal of athletes all over the world.

Olympic principle was defined in 1896 by the founder of the modern Games, Pierre de Coubertin: “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not victory, but participation, just as in life the most important thing is not triumph, but struggle.”

Emblem consists of five interlinked rings. This symbol was designed by Pierre de Coubertin in 1913. Five rings - a symbol of five continents (Europe - blue, Asia - yellow, Australia - green, Africa - black, America - red).

Flag The Olympic Games is an image of the Olympic rings on a white background. White color symbolizes peace during the Games. The flag first appeared at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp (Belgium). The Olympic flag is used in the opening and closing ceremonies of each Olympics.

Olympic Oath
The text of the oath was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin, later it changed somewhat and now it sounds like this: “On behalf of all participants in the competition, I promise that we will participate in these Olympic Games, respecting and observing the rules by which they are held, in a truly sporting spirit, for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams.” The oath is taken by coaches, team officials, sports referees. The first Olympic oath was taken in 1920. In 2000, at the Sydney Olympics, for the first time, words about the non-use of doping in competitions appeared in the text of the oath.

ABOUT Olympic medals
The winner receives a gold medal (actually, this medal is silver, but covered with a relatively thick layer of gold). Second place is awarded a silver medal, third place a bronze medal. The medals are presented at a special ceremony after the competition. The winners are placed on the podium in accordance with the places won. The flags of the countries whose representatives are the winners are raised. The national anthem of the country whose representative is the owner of the gold medal is played.

Games Opening Ceremony
In the parade of countries, the Greek team always comes out first. Next, the country teams go in alphabetical order. The team of the host country of the Games closes the parade. The President of the Organizing Committee and the President of the IOC speak at the ceremony. The Olympic flag is raised during the playing of the Olympic anthem. The Olympic torch, brought from Greece, is used to light the Olympic flame. Doves are released as a symbol of peace. All athletes and team officials take the Olympic oath.

3. Olympic Games in Russia.

3.1.Oolipiada-80

In this question, I learned: which countries did not take part, about the mascot of the Olympics - 80, about the winning countries. The City of Moscow has twice sent official invitations to the IOC to host the Olympic Games, and only twice has Moscow received consent to host the 22nd Summer Olympic Games. History with the Olympics in Moscow - good example the use of sports in order to exert political pressure from some countries on others. In the period from 1974 to 1980, a lot was done, especially by the US administration, in particular by the then President Jimi Carter, to disrupt the 80 Olympiad in Moscow, this was due to the introduction Soviet troops to Afghanistan. D. Carter in 1978 by his decision banned the sale of computers for the needs of the Olympics, he also called on national television to boycott the Olympic Games in Moscow. But the Olympiad - 80 still took place. Sports delegations from 81 countries took part in the Olympics-80. 5189 athletes (1115 women). 21 sports. Sports delegations from the USA, Germany, Japan and some other countries did not arrive at the Moscow Olympic Games. Leaders in the unofficial team standings: 1. USSR (80-69-46); 2. GDR (47-37-42); 3. Bulgaria (8-16-17)

The mascot of the games - the Olympic Bear, turned out to be the way the whole country fell in love with it, turned out thanks to the artist Viktor Chizhov. The competition for the symbol of the Olympics was great - many artists fought for the right to present their creation as a talisman of the country at the games. Viktor Chizhov was invited to participate in the competition by his old friend, artist Vladimir Pertsev. Having gathered in the studio of Viktor Chizhov, several artists began to work on images of bears.

The balloons were inflated about 2 days before the end of the Olympics. But the teddy bear puffed up for only 20 minutes! And the reason lies in the apparatus that inflated the balloons! To small and not very large objects, the apparatus, one might say, treats more carefully and chatily, but accordingly, not so much for large objects. The reason is a defective device from Germany.

The Olympic Games were held not only in the capital of our country, Moscow, but also in Minsk, Kyiv and Tallinn.

At the IOC session in Moscow, a new IOC President, Juan Antonio Samaranch, was elected. Here is what he said about the 1980 Olympics: “... As for the Moscow games, I would like to note their excellent preparation and excellent sports spirit. It is a pity that athletes from individual countries did not participate in them. I am sure that the Moscow Olympics will go down in history with its excellent organization.

The Olympiad in Moscow surpassed the previous Games in Munich and Montreal in terms of technical parameters.

3.2 22nd Winter Olympics in Sochi in 2014.

In this question, I got acquainted with the origin of the Winter Olympic Games and the 22nd Winter Olympics in the city of Sochi.

In 1925, the IOC decided to hold the Winter Olympics. The year before, Chamonix (France) hosted the International Sports Week on the occasion of the 8th Olympiad. She, later, received the rank of the 1st Winter Olympic Games. The competition program included 5 - 6 sports. Our athletes competed for the first time at the 7 Winter Olympic Games in 1956 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. The first medal was brought by L. Kozyreva. At the 17th Olympic Games, 1994 in Lillehammer, for the first time since 1922, Russia was represented by an independent team.

On the eve of the IOC came up with two initiatives: the proclamation of 1994 - the international year of sports and the Olympic ideal and the obligation of all IOC member states to respect the Olympic Truce. The UN supported both of these initiatives.

As you know, the Winter Olympic Games until 1994 were held in the same year as the Summer ones. Considering the increased role in the MSD and the equal importance with the Summer Olympic Games, the IOC in 1994 decided to hold these Olympiads with a difference in terms of 2 years. And the next Winter Olympic Games were held in 1998.

For the first time, Russia accepted the title to host the Winter Olympic Games on July 4, 2007. The city of Sochi has been declared the city - the capital of 22 Winter Olympic Games.

Sochi, the capital of the Olympiad, was chosen during the 119th session of the IOC in Guatemala City, the capital of Guatemala on July 4, 2007. At the end, the same venues will host the Winter Para-Olympic Games.

On June 22, 2006, IOC President Jacques Rogh named 3 candidate cities out of 7 applicants: Sochi, Salzburg, Pyeongchang.

On March 1, 2010, at the closing ceremony of the 2010 Olympics at 5:25 Moscow time, the President of the IOC handed over the Olympic flag to Sochi Mayor Anatoly Pakhovy. The Russian anthem was performed by the Moscow State Academic Choir (conductor Vladimir Minin), and the Flag of Russia was raised over the Stadium of the 2010 Olympiad Capital. After that, at 5:30 a.m., the celebration began, presenting Sochi, the capital of the 2014 Olympics. The introductory section opened with a symphony Tunguska meteorite, which, as you know, arrived in the year when Russia (then the Russian empire) was first represented at the Olympic Games. Then ice crystals began to grow from the ground, a symbolic race was launched, a cosmonaut launched a satellite, and a Russian troika rushed through the stadium. The monument "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" appeared against the backdrop of the drawn bridges and the monument to the "conquerors of space". A ballerina on a snowboarding board floats in the moonlit night sky. Natalia Vodyanova raises a transparent balloon with the logo of the Sochi-2014 Olympics, blows on the screen and a frosty pattern with the inscription "Welcome to Sochi" appears.

The main part of the 8-minute performance begins, as is customary at the closing ceremonies of the Olympiad. Snow White, surrounded by 7 dwarfs, touches a transparent ball, and people inside the transparent spheres begin to move around the stadium. Spectators at the stadium are transferred to Moscow, where on Red Square the Mariinsky Theater Symphony Orchestra inside the luminous Olympic rings performs the music of Georgy Sviridov for the film “Time, Forward!”. After that, the music of the 3rd part of the 6th symphony sounded at the stadium, and the artists of the combined group of the Mariinsky Theater, the Bolshoi and Novosibirsk Theaters entered the stage, who in the dance created the symbols of the Olympic sports. They perform in colorful costumes from different eras of Russian history (time Russian empire, Great patriotic war, and modern time).

The dolphin, taken from under the water from below (the “window” effect is noticeable), takes the audience to the shore of the Black Sea coast, where the famous Tatyana Navka and Roman Kostomarov perform in the open air.

The performance ends with the appearance of the giant 2014 Olympics logo.

September 1, 2010. An all-Russian competition was announced, in which anyone could take part. There were 24048 works in total.

On February 2, an alternative site was working. By February 26, the 2 most popular symbols were determined Polar bear, Leopard. Hare, Ray and Snowflake were at the end of the list.

Of the final options on February 26, they were finally chosen during the voting and the TV show “Talismania. Sochi 2014. Final” on the first TV channel. The jury announced 3 winners - White Bear, Bunny and Leopard. According to the announced choice of Paralympic athletes, the mascots of the games were a ray and a snowflake.

Conclusion.

Working on the project, I expanded my knowledge of the history of the Olympic Games, learned how to search for information of interest to me from additional literature, use the Internet to find material for the project, I especially liked looking for illustrations for the presentation. It was interesting to make my own presentation, and not to use the finished one from the Internet.

I realized in the course of work that the literature on this issue a lot, this was the main difficulty, the search for the necessary information and careful selection of it to cover the topic of the project.

To make the presentation colorful, I had to look for illustrations. I learned how to insert pictures into a slide, work with the slide designer, font format and text alignment, slide template. The ability to give the inscriptions color. I realized that creating a presentation is very exciting, I will master animation effects. This is a creative process, you can create your own work.

In history lessons, the use of the project method contributes to the conscious study and consolidation of new material among students. The learning process is based on the implementation of projects on one of the selected topics. Subject design work so diverse that it makes it possible to implement interdisciplinary connections. When studying topics on the history of Russia, the result of the project activity of students is a finished computer presentation, website, video. Presentations and projects of students can be used by the teacher in the classroom quite widely, as a result of independent research, as the formation of information competence, allow students to develop their creative abilities, thinking.

Individual project "The story of my name: Ivan" in grade 5

Supervisor:

Project completion time: 2 weeks.

Pedagogical goals of the project:

• the inclusion in the system of value relations of a teenager of relatives who passed away before his birth;
• a deep acquaintance of the fifth grader with the history of his family on specific materials;
• establishing a connection between the history of the family and the history of the Fatherland.

Practical goal of the project: study of the contribution of one of the student's ancestors to the history of Russia.

Project questions:

1. Why was I called by this name?
2. Why was this name the most popular in my family in different generations?
3. What events preceded this family tradition?
4. Which of my ancestors bore this name?
5. What major events in the history of our country occurred during the lifetime of the chosen ancestor?
6. What part did he take in them?

Project outputs: creative written work “Family traditions of my family”, Windows Movie Maker 2 presentation program (grandmother's memories, parents' stories about an ancestor, selection of photos related to an ancestor, family heirlooms, city places).

Annotation and stages of work on the project. The family theme is very delicate and problematic. In the context of the widespread social ills of the Russian family, it does not always seem correct to puzzle the child with the study of his own family roots. Therefore, this and all other individual projects should be solely the result of the voluntary choice of the students themselves. Thus, at the first stage, the teacher invites students to join this research project. Project questions are designated as a topic for conversation with parents, grandparents.

The first week is the stage of collecting information (oral story, photographs, documents from the family archive, relics). By the next lesson, the student must choose and justify which ancestor and why he chose to do the work, and what will be the specific form of the project output. The teacher should discuss with the students the forthcoming presentation at the presentation of the project, and note the strongest and most attractive aspects of the information collected, which should be reflected in the presentation.

The second week is the stage of preparation for the release of the project. The content of the project can be designed in genres of varying degrees of complexity. The simplest is an essay on a topic according to a plan, indicated by any events, 3-4 questions of the project, with illustrations in the form of photographs. More complex involves the creation of a chronology from the life of the family. After the second week, a presentation of the prepared projects is held.

Routing

	Student work	Consultations
Introductory stage. Installation lesson; goals, objectives of project activities, approximate topics and genre of the future project.	Working with materials, searching for information on the Internet, working in the library, forming project teams,	Conducting consultations on the technology of design work on the choice of subjects and genres of educational projects, sources of information. Assisting students in the selection of an individual style of the project.
Search and execution stage. Collection and systematization of materials	Development of the structure of the multimedia presentation “Ivan. The story of my name", creating a scenario plan, working out key points in the essay "Family traditions of my family"	Regular organizational and advisory sessions on the content of educational projects.
Generalizing stage. Registration of the results of project activities	Preparation of public defense projects	Dress rehearsal for the public defense of the projects. Finalization of projects taking into account the comments.
The final stage	Project protection. Summing up, analysis of work performance	Generalization of materials. Project archiving.

Possible forms of presentation of the project: demonstration of a video with subsequent answers to questions (3-4 min.).

History of my name

My name is Ivan, I am 11 years old. When I was born, my parents had no doubts about what to call me. The name was given to me before I was born. In 1901, Yakov Sitnikov, my great-great-grandfather, was lucky in Tsaritsyn to see Father John of Kronstadt on the pier. Even during his lifetime, the Russian people revered the priest as a saint, and throughout the 20th century, his portraits and works were kept in Orthodox families. The diary of Father John, which is called "My life in Christ", transcribed by hand, became table book for my great-grandmother, Darya Yakovlevna Sitnikova. It was customary to name the eldest sons in honor of John of Kronstadt. In 1922, a son, Ivan, was born into the family of my great-grandfathers. In the summer of 1941, Ivan volunteered for the front. After completing the courses of lieutenants, he becomes the commander of a reconnaissance platoon. In 1943, he spent 10 months with partisans in Belarus. Ivan died in March 1945 near Koenigsberg. It so happened that the next person to bear the name Ivan was me. I would like to grow up worthy of such a name. My dream is to become a film director and make a film about the Ivans, after whom I am named.

Individual research project "The Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky - the patron saint of Volgograd" in the 9th grade

Supervisor: Ivakhnenko V.E., history teacher.

Project goals: find out why St. Alexander Nevsky is the patron saint of Volgograd.

Tasks: study the biography of the prince and find the relationship between the history of the city of Tsaritsyn Volgograd and St. Alexander Nevsky.

The significance of the project is revealed.

The source base of the work is the life of the holy noble Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky, publications of documents, periodicals. Books were used on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church, on the history of the construction of churches in Tsaritsyn, on their destruction in Stalingrad and the beginning of restoration in Volgograd, on individual clergy and Orthodox people of the city on the Volga.

The object of the study was the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tsaritsyn and the restoration of the cathedral in modern Volgograd.

Time of work on the project: December-February 2006-2007 academic year.

Working hours: 3 months.

ZUN and general educational skills:

• allocate main idea;

Motivation for knowledge, work: personal interest of the student, self-realization.

Stage I: Introductory stage

Installation lesson; goals, objectives of project activities, approximate topics and genre of the future project.

Stage II: Search and execution stage. Collection and systematization of materials

Gathering and discussing information on the topic. After a joint discussion, a basic option is chosen. The teacher helps to make a plan of action. The project structure is drawn up:

Introduction.
Chapter 1. Biography of the Holy Right-Believing Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky.
Chapter 2. The image of Alexander in literature
2.1 St. Alexander Nevsky in Russian folk and artistic poetry.
2.2. St. Alexander Nevsky in the opinions and opinions of Russian historians.
Chapter 3. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tsaritsyn
3.1. "To build a cathedral in Tsaritsyno."
3.2. Cathedral in Soviet times.
3.3. The second birth of the cathedral.
Chapter 4. Monument to Alexander Nevsky.
Conclusion.

Stage III: Results and conclusions.

Our research has shown that the theme of the scientific work "Holy Righteous Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky - the patron saint of Volgograd" is relevant for our time, for our city.

Stage IV: Presentation

The results of the work were presented for discussion in the form of a report and a multimedia presentation.

Stage V: Evaluation of results

The project participant answered questions and shared his opinions. The teacher evaluates the students' efforts, creativity, the quality of the use of sources, the quality of the report.

Abstracts of the project.

Interest in the personality of Alexander Nevsky increased when on September 12, 2006, on the day of the city of Volgograd, it was consecrated from the air with the icon of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky. I think that many then learned for the first time that our city has a heavenly patron - the right-believing Prince Alexander Nevsky, who, while in the Horde, visited the Lower Volga region. The year 2007 marks the 765th anniversary of the battle on Lake Peipsi, in which Alexander Nevsky's talent as a commander was manifested.

Purpose: to find out why St. Alexander Nevsky is the patron saint of Volgograd.

Tasks: to study the biography of the prince and find the relationship between the history of the city of Tsaritsyn-Volgograd and St. Alexander Nevsky.

Relevance: during a sociological survey of schoolchildren, we managed to find out that the question: “Do they know why St. Is Alexander Nevsky the patron of Volgograd?”, 70% answered no, 10% found it difficult to answer, 20% yes.

There are figures of the Russian land who become the guardian angels of their people, happy events are attributed to their protection in case of getting rid of various disasters. The prince, with the help of diplomacy, protected her from the devastating raids of the Tatar-Mongol, defended Russia from Western invaders.

In the 19th century, three Russian emperor bearing the name of the right-believing Prince Alexander Nevsky, during the years of their reign they confirmed the exclusivity of his veneration as a saint of the Russian land. In 1918, the consecration of the Cathedral of St. Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky, who became the decoration of Tsaritsyn Alexander Square.

In Soviet times, the cathedral housed a car depot. The cathedral was blown up in 1932. A huge pile of broken bricks helped to eliminate the backwardness of Stalingrad in paving the streets.

In the battles for Stalingrad, the image of the holy prince helped to strengthen the fighting spirit of our soldiers. In the days of the Battle of Stalingrad, the military order of Alexander Nevsky was established. The first awarding of this order took place for a feat accomplished in the Don steppes.

In Volgograd, a monument to the heavenly patron Alexander Nevsky, who will soon find his final place in front of the newly restored cathedral.

Our generation should not forget the name of the Grand Duke and do everything to perpetuate his name. In our city, any street is worthy to bear the name of the ancient Russian commander and statesman Alexander Nevsky.

List of used literature:

1. Biographical dictionary of missionaries of the Russian Orthodox Church. Author-compiler priest Sergiy Shirokov. M.: Publishing House "White City", 2004.
2. Begunov Yu.K. Monument of Russian literature of the XIII century. "A word about the destruction of the Russian land". M - L., 1965
3. Dmitriev L.A. The Tale of the Life of Alexander Nevsky \\ History of Russian Literature X1 - XVII centuries. M., 1985
4. Life of Alexander Nevsky. Preparation Text, translation and commentary. V. Okhotnikova \\ PLDR: XIII century. M., 1981.
5. Life of the Holy Blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky \\ Lives and works of Russians: Biographies and spiritual instructions of the great ascetics of Christian piety who shone in the Russian land. M., 1993.
6. Ilovaisky D.I. Russian history. Formation of Russia: Periods of Kyiv and Vladimir. Prince Alexander Nevsky. M., 1996
7. Kirpichnikov A.N. Alexander Nevsky: between West and East \\ Questions of history. 1996, "11\12"
8. Klyuchevsky V.O. Ancient Russian Lives of Saints as a Historical Source. M., 1986
9. Soloviev S.M. Readings and stories on the history of Russia M., 1989. P.144
10. Khitrov M. holy faithful Grand Duke Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky. Detailed biography with drawings, plans and maps. – M.: Panorama, 1991
11. Materikin A.V. Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky. Pages of the history of the first Tsaritsyno Cathedral. - V .: Publisher, 2004
12. Ivanov S.M., Suprun V.I. Orthodoxy on the Volgograd land: the temples of Tsaritsyn-Stalingrad-Volgograd. Volgograd 2003
13. "Trud-Volgograd" dated March 1, 2007
14. “Business Volga Region” No. 4 February 2007, “Volgogradskaya Pravda” dated February 20, 2007.
15. "Business Volga" №7, February 2007
16. "First newspaper" of February 2, 2007.

Group project "About Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky" in the 7th grade

Supervisor:

Project time: September-October 2006-2007 academic year

Working mode: 2 months.

– Study the topic “Time of Troubles” required by the curriculum and educational standards. But this is the charm and difficulty of the subject of history, that any topic is an endless mosaic of events, situations, household items, faces, human aspirations and ambitions, which not only teaches, but also educates.
- For education, this topic is fertile. It instills love for the Motherland, pride in one's people, who have endured the heavy burden of war, teaches empathy and involvement with past events, and, perhaps, contributes to the emergence of the beginnings of a national idea.
- In the process of project activities, further development of students, their emotionality, memory, logical and critical thinking, speech, and other creative abilities is carried out. Thus, educational project activities should ensure the development of various competencies of students.

ZUN and general educational skills:

• possession of written and oral speech;
• possession of certain knowledge of history, literature;
• ability to work with informational text, additional literature;
• highlight the main idea;
• search for the required information.

Personal interest of students, self-realization

The work on the project was divided into five stages:

Stage I: Introductory stage

Installation lesson; goals, objectives of project activities, approximate topics and genre of the future project. What do we celebrate on November 4th? Day national unity. If we look through school textbooks, we will not find in them a detailed description of the events of this day.
Until now, the day of November 4 was celebrated by the Orthodox Church as the feast of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, to whose intercession the militia of Minin and Pozharsky owe the liberation of Moscow from the Poles in 1612.
In 2005, this day became a public holiday. To understand its essence, let us turn to historical sources.
The work tells about the victory over the invaders and about unity in the face of external danger.
A unique case in our history - not by order "from above", but by their own will, the militia of citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky organized themselves.
The memory of the heroism and sincere patriotism of the Russian people is very important today.

Stage II: Search and execution stage

Conclusions are drawn and an answer is given to the question: "Why do we celebrate National Unity Day on November 4?". The students also found out that in the Kirovsky district of Volgograd in 1951 a street named after Dmitry Pozharsky appeared, and in 1960 a street named after Kuzma Minin.

Stage IV: Presentation

Stage V: Evaluation of results

The teacher evaluates the students' efforts, creativity, the quality of the use of sources, the quality of the report. In addition, the presentation can be used in Russian history lessons and in extracurricular activities.

Presentation scheme:

slide 1	In 2005, we have a new holiday - National Unity Day. Let's go back 400 years to better understand it. At the end of 1611, the disasters of the Russian land reached their extreme limit. Enemies everywhere tormented the Muscovite state, ruining and devastating it.	Photo, text
slide 2	The Poles took Smolensk. And then the Polish detachment burned Moscow and fortified behind the surviving walls of the Kremlin and Kitay-gorod. The Swedes occupied Novgorod and put forward one of their princes as a candidate for the throne of Moscow. The first noble militia near Moscow could not repulse the invaders.	Map, text
slide 3	Archimandrite Dionysius, abbot of the Trinity Monastery, wrote and sent letters throughout the state in which he called on all Russian people to Moscow to rid her of her enemies. In October 1611, one of the letters came to Nizhny Novgorod where it was read to the people.	Photo, text
slide 4	And then a respected zemstvo elder named Kuzma Minin addressed the people: “Orthodox! Let's go to the aid of the Moscow state! Let's not spare our lives! The thing is great! I know: as soon as we move forward, many cities will come to us, and we will get rid of foreigners!	Photo, text
slide 5	The speech of Kozma Minin was liked by the people and they began to ask him: “Be you our older“ man ”! We surrender in everything to your will!	Photo, text
slide 6	And then Minin told the people of Nizhny Novgorod about the brave governor Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky.	Photo, text
Slide 7	Elected from the townspeople went to ask Prince Pozharsky to head the Nizhny Novgorod militia. The prince answered them: “I am glad for the Orthodox faith to suffer to death. And let Minin be in charge of the treasury.	Photo, text
Slide 8	Immediately after that, the fundraising began. Kozma Minin first of all divided his wealth into three parts and with great joy brought two of them to the treasury collected for the soldiers.	Text
Slide 9	Then all the townspeople did the same.	Photo, text
Slide 10	Shortly thereafter, the zemstvo army from various Russian regions gathered in Nizhny Novgorod. When the Nizhny Novgorod militia moved to Moscow. Militias from other cities began to join him on the way, and all equally obeyed Minin and Pozharsky.	Photo, text
slide 11	And they went to Kostroma, then to Yaroslavl, Rostov and Pereslavl. Everywhere on the way they destroyed individual detachments of the Poles. Finally, the militia approached Moscow. And they fought here courageously and firmly, not sparing their lives.	Photo, text
slide 12	By mid-October 1612, the Polish detachment, which had settled in the Kremlin, was left without help. On October 22 (November 4, according to the new style), after fervent prayer before the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, Russian troops attacked the advanced fortifications of the Kremlin.	Text
slide 13	The liberators entered Kitai-Gorod and pushed the Poles to leave it.	Map, text
Slide 14	The militia went to battle with the icon of the Kazan Mother of God. And having won. They made a promise to build in memory of this day a church in the name of the Kazan Mother of God.	Icon, text
slide 15	November 4 was a turning point not only in the fight against the invaders. But also in the mood of the people! Moscow was liberated. An example of the unity of the whole people, shown by the militia of Minin and Pozharsky during the liberation of Moscow, is now celebrated as the Day of National Unity.	Illustration, text
slide 16	On October 26, 1612, the Moscow Kremlin was taken. The Polish garrison capitulated.	Photo, text
Slide 17	All Moscow people came out to greet their liberators	Photo, text
Slide 18	Having liberated Moscow from the Poles, Pozharsky and Minin hastened to proceed with the election of the tsar. Which was supposed to save the Muscovite state from turmoil forever. In 1613 Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov was elected.	text
Slide 19	The descendants did not forget the great merits of Minin and Pozharsky. In 1818 in Moscow on Red Square was erected bronze monument Martos sculpture.	Photo, text
Slide 20	In the Kirovsky district of Volgograd, in 1951, a street named after Dmitry Pozharsky appeared, and in 1960 a street named after Kuzma Minin.	text

Used materials:

Literature: P. Polevoy “Illustrated stories from national history"," Astrel "AST 2000 (according to the edition of 1892)
Paintings:
Chodov V. "Minin's call to the people of Nizhny Novgorod"
Savinsky V. "Nizhny Novgorod ambassadors to Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. 1611"
Kivshenko A. "Appeal of Kozma Minin to the citizens of Nizhny Novgorod"
Scotty M. "Minin and Pozharsky"
Smolin A. "Minin and Pozharsky"
Lissner E. "The expulsion of the Polish interventionists from the Moscow Kremlin"
Music:
Ensemble "Ivan-tea" "Song-glory to the Russian Land"
Internet resources:
www.uznay-presidenta.ru

Theme of the project: "The feat of selfless love" in the 8th grade

Leaders: Ivakhnenko V.E., teacher of history, Babkina A.N., teacher of Russian language and literature.

Educational, educational and developmental goals: study the topic "The Decembrist Revolt

For education, this topic is fertile. It brings up a sense of duty, responsibility, teaches empathy and involvement with past events.

Educational project activity ensures the development of various competencies of students.

Project type: informational, educational.

Project time: about 2 months.

Working mode: lessons and extracurricular activities.

Project support:

Textbooks and study guides on the history of various authors, encyclopedias, reference books, monographs on the topic, Internet resources.

ZUNs required for work in the project:

The ability to work in the information field, using additional literature, the ability to comprehend, structure information, connect it with previous knowledge, find its place in the outline of the lesson.

Motivation for activity: the educational project activity itself, interest in its results, the desire to realize oneself in a common cause, as well as interest in the material being studied.

Estimated increments: new, additional, previously unused information on this topic, obtained by the students themselves and applied by them in the lesson; ability to carry out educational project activities; personal competence of students.

Methodology educational project in history involves, in our opinion, the implementation of a number of stages of educational activity.

I. Introduction

To launch the project, teachers conducted history lessons on the topic “The Decembrist Revolt” and literature “N. Nekrasov “Russian Women” in order to immerse themselves in the topic and in project activities.

II. Problematization

III. Students setting their goals - problems

During the discussion, we came up with the idea to study the topic by doing a learning project.

IV. We tried to imagine, to plan what result we would get. It was suggested that the topic "The Decembrist Revolt" should turn out brighter, fuller, more interesting than in the textbook.

v. The mental, ideal result made it possible to outline steps - tasks for achieving the goal:

• it was necessary to determine what parts the project would be divided into;
• during the discussion, two of them were outlined: “Portrait gallery of the wives of the Decembrists”; what made these women go to Siberia (on the example of Ekaterina Ivanovna Trubetskoy).

IV. The main work on the project began - search and research activities: collection of materials, its comprehension, structuring, design. In the course of work, problems arose for the teacher. Consultations were required, the work went beyond the scope of the lessons.

v. Designed and product project activities - multimedia presentation and the site "The feat of selfless love."

VI. And then took place presentation our educational project

slide 1	The Decembrists... Almost all of them were very young. However, seized with patriotism and love for the Motherland, on December 14, 1825, they marched with firm steps to Senate Square to protest against serfdom and the arbitrariness of the autocracy.	Photo, text
slide 2	By order of Nicholas I, the uprising was crushed. Over 600 people have been arrested. Nicholas I personally participated in interrogations. The trial of the Decembrists took place behind closed doors.	Photo, text
slide 3	IN Peter and Paul Fortress five condemned Decembrists were hanged: Kondraty Ryleev, Pavel Pestel, Sergei Muraviev-Apostol, Pyotr Kakhovsky and Mikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin.	Photo, text
slide 4	These were harsh and gloomy stages. Mines, Chita convict prison, Petrovsky factory prison and then snow-covered bearish corners scattered across the vast Siberian expanses. The convicted Decembrists were followed to Siberia by their wives, brides, mothers and sisters.	Photo, text
slide 5	Ekaterina Ivanovna Trubetskaya was the first to follow her husband to Siberia. She was the daughter of a noble Frenchman I.S. Laval. Ekaterina Ivanovna's mother owned a large copper smelter, a gold mine, and several estates. Sergei Trubetskoy and Ekaterina met in Paris. The prince came from a noble family. During the war of 1812, he glorified his name in the battles of Borodino. They got married in Paris in a small church at the Russian embassy and soon returned to St. Petersburg Four years of happiness have begun. Sergei Trubetskoy was distinguished by a kind, calm character, "had an enlightened mind", was loved and respected by all. Ekaterina Ivanovna loved him passionately and was happy with him. Therefore, after his arrest, Ekaterina Ivanovna sends Nicholas I a request for permission to share her husband's fate.	Photo, text
slide 6	Trubetskaya with difficulty obtained an audience with the tsar. Nicholas I was angry. “Understand, madam, what you have in mind is recklessness! Why do you need a convict Trubetskoy?! - Forgive me, Your Majesty, but Sergei Trubetskoy is my husband, and only death can separate us. I have to go to him ... to Siberia. - As soon as you cross the Urals, you will immediately lose all noble privileges. You will have to say goodbye forever to titles, incomes, estates! “Your Majesty, I must be with my husband…” The king gave her written permission, but his anger knew no bounds...	Photo, text
Slide 7	Trubetskaya rented a house in the mine. In the December cold, when the prisoners driven to work, she gave them all the warm things, even ribbons from her fur boots - sewed them to the hat with earflaps of one of the convicts. Trubetskaya bought food for the prisoners with her own money, wrote letters home on their behalf. She had to go through a lot then. But she never lost heart; my heart was light, joyful: she was again with her husband!	Photo, text
Slide 8	11 women, young, rich, noble, abandoned secular life, luxury and went to distant, harsh Siberia to share exile with their husbands, to support their courage and will to fight. The wives of the Decembrists had to overcome the resistance of their relatives, delays and obstacles on the way, the severity of the winter road, the Siberian cold and loneliness. How much one had to love and believe in order to endure all these trials!	Text
Slide 9	Photo by E. I. Trubetskoy;	A photo
Slide 10	Photo by Volkonskaya M.N.;	A photo
slide 11	Photo by A. Davydova;	A photo
slide 12	Photo by Ivasheva K.P.;	A photo
slide 13	Photo Muravieva A.G.;	A photo
Slide 14	Photo by Naryshkina E.P.;	A photo
slide 15	Photo Rozen A.V.;	A photo
slide 16	Photo by N.D. Fonvizina;	A photo
Slide 17	Photo by Yushnevskaya M.K.	A photo
Slide 18	"Capturing images! Hardly In the history of any country Have you seen anything like this: Their names must not be forgotten…” N. Nekrasov	text

Used materials:

Literature: N.A. Nekrasov "Russian Women"
portraits:
Trubetskoy E.I.;
Volkonskaya M.N.;
Davydova A.I.;
Ivasheva K.P.;
Muravieva A.G.;
Naryshkina E.P.;
Rozen A.V.;
Fonvizina N.D.;
Yushnevskaya M.K.
Music:
For the film "The Star of Captivating Happiness", music by Isaac Schwartz, lyrics by Bulat Okudzhava.
Internet resources:
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
www.wild-mistress.ru/wm/wm.nsf/bydates/2008-05-01-970051.html

Individual project "The Symbolism of the Trinity by Andrey Rublev" in the 10th grade

Supervisor: Ivakhnenko V.E., history teacher, Babkina A.N. teacher of Russian language and literature.

Project time: one month.

Educational, educational and developmental goals:

study the topic "Russian culture of the XIV-XV centuries", required by the curriculum and educational standards;

to form an idea about the features of Russian culture of the period under study;

explore the concept of the "Trinity"

Tasks:

Define

• concept;
• plot;
• iconography;
• composition;
• color symbolism;
• descriptive symbolism.

In the process of project activities, further development of students, their emotionality, speech, and other creative abilities is carried out. Thus, educational project activities should ensure the development of various competencies of students.

ZUN and general educational skills:

• possession of certain knowledge of history, literature;
• ability to work with informational text, additional literature;
• highlight the main idea;
• skills in working with a personal computer, working in the Internet;
• search for the required information.

The work on the project was divided into five stages:

Stage I: Introductory stage.

Installation lesson; goals, objectives of project activities, approximate topics and genre of the future project. In the compositions of the Old Testament Trinity preceding Rublev, the chambers of Abraham, the oak of Mamre were depicted, a table was placed with several objects on it, the figures of Abraham and Sarah were included in the works, sometimes the scene of the slaughter of a calf. Attention was focused on Abraham's feasting.

Stage II: Search and execution stage.

Collection and systematization of materials.
Gathering and discussing information on the topic. After a joint discussion, a basic option is chosen. The teacher helps to make a plan of action. The structure of the project is being drawn up.

Stage III: Results and conclusions

In Rublev's Trinity, three golden-winged angels sit in complete silence around a table with a bowl. In fact, there is no plot in Rublev's icon. The house, rock, oak in the upper part of the composition only remotely remind not of the plot, but of the place of the appearance. A new content has been incorporated into the well-known iconographic scheme.
A circle– the main compositional theme of the Trinity. An invisible circle outlined the figures of angels. Everywhere repetitions of smooth rounding or their specular reflections, the consistency of which produces an almost musical effect.
The compositional center of the icon - bowl. TO the movements of the hands are directed to it, manifesting the will of the persons of the Trinity. The middle angel points to the cup. It expresses the idea of ​​the atoning sacrifice of Christ.
Medium angel in a cherry chiton and a blue cloak. Both the color symbolism and the sewn-on sign on the clothes help to recognize Christ in the middle figure. He points to the cup, bowing his head in agreement to his father. The majestic moment of the Eternal Council is captured.
God the Father (left angel) predetermines the cup of suffering.
Holy Spirit (right angel) affirms the immutability of the sacrifice. A single decision was made: to save a person at the cost of the sacrifice of Christ on the cross. “So the icon painter gradually introduces into the depths of the mystery of redemption, reveals to the world that divine love is sacrificial love.”

Stage IV: Presentation

The results of the work were presented for discussion in the form of a booklet and a multimedia presentation.

Stage V: Evaluation of results

The teacher evaluates the efforts of students, the quality of the use of sources, the quality of the report. In addition, the presentation can be used in the lessons of the history of Russia, the Fundamentals of Orthodox culture and in extracurricular activities.

Used materials:

• Children's encyclopedia "Art", publishing house Avanta
• Teaching history at school 1997 Publishing house "School-press"
• Art 1969 Publishing house "Enlightenment"

Age of students: Grade 11.

Project time: January-February 2004

Working mode: 16 study hours.

Material and technical and educational and methodological equipment: personal computer, scanner, monitor, school and district libraries.

ZUN and general educational skills:

• possession of written and oral speech;
• possession of certain knowledge in history, computer science;
• ability to work with informational text, additional literature;
• highlight the main idea;
• to search for the necessary information;
• use a variety of didactic techniques

Motivation for knowledge, work: personal interest of students, self-realization.

The knowledge that the result of the project is aimed at: knowledge of the history of Russia, the use of accumulated materials as a teaching aid for mastering modern information technology skills.

Skill development:

• independent work with historical sources, information technologies;
• independent decision making;
• communication in role-playing interaction, information exchange;
• mental activity in designing, planning activities, working with information sources, structuring information.

The project was divided into six stages:

Stage I: Preparation

Students are encouraged to prepare a student guide to help them study this topic. The methodological manual should introduce the causes and reason for the war, the course of hostilities, and sum up the results of the war. In conclusion, students are invited to submit the work in the form of an electronic resource for viewing. The theme and goals of the project are determined.

Stage II: Planning

After defining the tasks, students are divided into four groups:

• 1 group (2 people) are studying the causes Russo-Japanese War;
• 2 group (5 people) the course of hostilities on land and sea;
• Group 3 (2 people) summarize;
• Group 4 (2 people) connect all the "products" together.

During the analysis and discussion of the project, an action plan is developed, an analysis of the current situation is carried out. What already exists and what needs to be done? A bank of ideas and proposals is being created. Throughout the work, the teacher helps in setting goals, corrects the work.

Stage III: Research

Options for the implementation of the project are accompanied by drawings, diagrams, maps of hostilities. Gathering and discussing information on the topic. After a joint discussion, a basic option is chosen. The teacher helps to make a plan of action. The manufacturing technology of the project is being drawn up. The teacher corrects the sequence of technological operations in each group.

Stage IV: Results and conclusions

Students, having chosen the optimal manufacturing technologies, present presentations of works, analyze the collected information, form conclusions. All work is done under the supervision of a teacher.

Stage V: Presentation

In the history lesson, the work is presented to the students of the whole class. The result was a training program on the history of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). It includes maps, battle schemes, illustrative and reference materials, video materials, tests on the topic.

Stage VI: Evaluation of results

Conclusion

Development this project This is the path to self-development. Through awareness of one's own needs, through self-realization in objective activity. In addition to working with a specific topic, a wide range of personal communication links with the guys in the group, with teachers is offered. Through the creative process, there is complete and deep satisfaction from what has been done. In the process of work, creative activity develops, the social position of the child is determined, and patriotic feelings are brought up.

Used materials:

Children's encyclopedia “History of Russia. XX century”, Avanta publishing house
Teaching history at school 1997 Publishing house "School-press"
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
rjw.narod.ru

According to the Federal State Educational Standard, history projects can be completed by schoolchildren individually or in a group of 3-4 people. Such activities are mandatory after the introduction of new educational standards.

Modern requirements

At present, modern society urgently needs creative, educated, caring young people.

It presents the school with a social order for the education of a mobile, literate person who is aware of his cultural, historical, spiritual belonging to the country, understands his duties and rights.

Significance of research activities

Any creative project in history involves the application of standard knowledge in new conditions. not only learns to use a variety of historical sources, but also forms the skills of conducting a scientific discussion.

The topics of projects on history can be general, relating to certain stages of human development, and also have a narrow focus - on the study of individual events, periods, people. Regardless of the type of activity, any research work involves serious and lengthy preparation, systematization of the material.

Work structure

Topics for projects on history can be proposed by the supervisor, chosen by the students themselves. Despite the fact that the content of the works differs significantly, there are certain general rules that must be considered.

Start your scientific activity it is necessary to think over the algorithm of actions, the choice of the topic and the purpose of the study. At this stage, the help of a teacher is allowed, the success of all subsequent work of the child directly depends on him.

First example

For example, if a student is interested in toy history, it is important to choose a specific object for study. It is impossible to mention all their types in one work, to collect information about appearance, use. Toy Story can be limited in its work to one city, family, time period. This gives the material great importance and significance, increases the uniqueness.

Themes research work in history, concerning toys, are aimed at forming in the younger generation a sense of patriotism, pride in their city, family, country.

Among the methods that will be required to carry out such work, we note: sociological survey, review of literary sources, processing of the obtained results. Special attention must be paid to the design of the work.

Second example

If a student decided to develop a project on the history of the city, this indicates his indifferent attitude to the past of his country. What can be taken to work? For example, as an object, the main historical monuments cities, the time of their creation. If the work is carried out by a group of schoolchildren, they can develop a route that will include the main attractions locality, their detailed description.

Features of work

The topics of history projects can be related to folk traditions, national rituals, family photographs.

Such works allow us to connect several generations at once with a single thread, to develop in the growing Russians a sense of pride in their country. The children learn to independently plan their activities, make decisions, establish contacts with other participants in the educational process.

The topics of history projects that younger students choose mainly relate to a particular family, city. High school students have a large store of knowledge, so their work has a more global scale.

Material for work

We offer you topics of research papers on history. Perhaps they will be of interest to the younger generation of enthusiastic, caring Russian schoolchildren.

• Macedonian in the Hellenistic era.
• What do we know about Alfred Nobel?
• Fortresses and castles of England.
• Past and present of the English alphabet.
• Socio-economic development of Greece.
• Atlantis is a civilization worth learning more about!
• Attica during the collapse of the slave-owning democracy in the work of Aristophanes.
• The history and significance of balloons and airships in Russia before 1918.
• The uniqueness of China.
• History
• Combat equipment in Russia during the X-XVI centuries. and the nature of its creation.
• Martial arts in the period of Ancient Russia.
• Boris Godunov: life and meaning for the country.
• What is the Time of Troubles?
• Life of peasants in the Middle Ages.
• The fate of the family in the history of the country.
• Battle of Thermopylae
• Bogatyrs past and present.
• Battle of Borodino through the eyes of the French.
• Gods ancient rome and Ancient Greece.

Examples of research papers related to Russia

For example, the history of the creation of the Slavic alphabet can become the basis of several works at once:

• Life of the Slavs.
• Culture and religion.
• Beliefs of the Slavs.
• The magical world of ancient Russian myths and legends.
• Slavs and Vikings: features of relations.
• Armament of the Slavs.
• The appearance of the first writing.

Fans of the 17th-20th centuries may well study interesting facts related to these historical milestones:

• Great personalities in national history.
• Virtual journey through the USSR.
• The influence of time on popularity historical personality I. V. Stalin.
• The influence of historical processes on the formation of Soviet power.
• The impact of epidemics on the events that took place in Russia.
• The emergence of Russian humanism.
• War of 1812.
• Electoral power as a factor in raising the standard of living of Russian citizens.
• History of names and surnames.
• Heraldry: an inflorescence of history, knowledge and art.
• Cities of Russia in legends and traditions.
• Public holidays as a reflection of the peculiarities of the political regime in our country.
• Welcome to Moscow!
• History of chess.
• Friendship since ancient times.
• Women in the history of our country.
• Life of Lenin.
• Forgotten Pomeranian Russian games.
• Life of Queen Catherine II.
• How did the Moscow region and Moscow.
• The conquest of Siberia.
• Ivan IV the Terrible - the first tsar of Russia.
• Ivan the Terrible: a portrait of a personality based on an era.
• Ivan Susanin is a true patriot of the Russian land.
• The importance of the adoption of Christianity in Russia.
• Iconography in Russia.
• History of the Moscow Kremlin.
• How coins appeared in Russia.
• Russian pancakes - interesting facts.
• History of Russian pancakes.
• Sailing fleet in Russia.

Finally

Modern realities require young people to think logically, work in a team, and plan independent activities. Project and research activities fully contribute to the formation of a harmonious developed personality, which is ready to be responsible for its actions, will not experience difficulties in finding and processing the flow of information.

Today there is a constant increase in the flow of information in different areas knowledge. It's important to get skills rapid response on all changes, including political and historical areas. Such skills are formed in the younger generation in the course of project and research activities. That is why, after the introduction of new educational standards in Russian primary and secondary education, it became an obligatory stage for schoolchildren to conduct independent research or joint, collective creative projects.

Such activities allow teachers to solve certain educational and educational tasks:

• development of critical and analytical thinking of schoolchildren in the course of creative activity and implementation of educational projects;
• searching for talented and gifted schoolchildren and creating optimal conditions for their full development;
• fostering a sense of patriotism in the younger generation of Russian citizens.

Project activities help children choose their future professional activities, avoid problems in social adaptation to achieve success in educational and various extracurricular activities.

Approximate names of topics on which work can be done by students of ordinary general education schools, are given above. They, at the discretion of young researchers and their supervisors, can be changed or supplemented.

Any projects related to the search for historical information about the city, country, era, outstanding personality, allow teachers to fully fulfill the state order.

The new realities impose special requirements on the content and forms of national education, including the study of the foundations of history. Projects carried out within the framework of individual topics will be an excellent way for self-improvement and self-development of the younger generation.

The plan of the creative project on the history of Russia.

Topic: "Bright achievements of the culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus"

For the period of the XII-XVI centuries.»

Teacher -

Maslova I.E.

Topic: "Bright achievements of the culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Russia for the period of the XII-XVI centuries"

Goals:

Cognitive: introduce the concept of "creative project" and its main elements.

Developing:

To study through the implementation of the project the bright achievements of the culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus;

Develop initiative, interest in creative activity.

Educational:

To instill a sense of patriotism, love for the Motherland, for its culture and customs.

Methodological goal:study of the project method.

Demo material:

Film "Portrait of the Museum";

Creative projects of students;

Table "Algorithms for the implementation of the project."

Project execution algorithm

Teacher activity		Student activities	UVZE UVZM	Methodological techniques
Stage I - organizational
Greetings			The formation of respect, sympathy, the desire for good for each other - contributes to the clear work of all students in the lesson.	Traditional form
Definition of missing			The formation of one's position on the fact of the absence of one or another student contributes to the education of humanism, academic discipline, cooperation.
Checking students' readiness for the lesson			Appearance, working posture, the state of the workplace - contributes to the formation of taste, the standard of appearance.
Checking the readiness of the classroom for the lesson			Formation of self-esteem.
Organization of attention			Set focus on the subject training session, creating a business and mental climate between teacher and student.

Teacher activity		Student activities	UVZE UVZM	Methodological techniques
Stage II - preparation for active listening
Tells Organizes and directs student activities	M 1 . Project (concept) M 2 . Voicing of the project theme M 3 . Objective of the project	Formulate goals and objectives listen	Introduce students to the concept of "project" Develop listening skills	Story Frontal conversation Student responses
III stage – presentation of projects
Observation Correction Help	Folklore	M 1 . Student Entry M 2 . Puzzles: The student tells Participants solve riddles.	Familiarize yourself with the types of oral folk art Development of cognitive interest Development of thinking, attention Relationship of content with professional activity students	Message Story of riddles Solving riddles
		M 3 . Proverbs - folk wisdom: The student tells Those present reveal the meaning of the content.	Show the wisdom of the Russian people Raising Respect The mentality of the Russian people Learn to reveal the idea of ​​a proverb Recognize the meaning of the proverb	Conversation Student responses

Teacher activity		Student activities	UVZE UVZM	Methodological techniques
Help		M 4 . "I'm a ditty on a ditty, as if knitting on a thread ...". Chastushka is a genre of oral folk art: The student talks about ditties; Students perform ditties; Listening to ditties in a professional performance.	Instill love for Russian folk melodies The development of musical ear Expanding musical horizons	Story Singing Hearing