Pay attention to the vaults of the stone arch, which go under the fortress wall. The slopes of the moat are paved with cobblestones. This small fragment of the inner moat of the fortress was restored in the course of archaeological work.
The compositional axis, according to Trezzini's plan, passed from the Petrovsky Gates to the Peter and Paul Cathedral. Inside the fortress, to the right of the axis, there was a fortress canal, along which buildings were located. Once, in the 18th century, a moat filled with water crossed the entire territory of Hare Island. Then, like the ditches on the territory of the ravelins, it was subsequently filled up.
Let's turn now to the opposite side. Directly in front of us is a view of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, crowned with a thin gilded spire, and the Grand Duke's tomb. They close the perspective of a small square, bounded on the left by the building of the artillery arsenal - an extended building of gray color. The current building of the arsenal was built in 1801. Before the appearance of the main arsenal on the territory of Kronverk, it was used for its intended purpose - for the storage and manufacture of artillery ammunition.
There were many different institutions in the fortress. At different times, the arsenal, the main treasury, the chamber of measures and weights, the mint, the garrison guardhouse, powder magazines, the Secret Chancellery, the Senate building, the city pharmacy, and military units were located there. To your right is a two-story yellow building - the chief prosecutor's house.
The creator of St. Petersburg, Peter I, defined the style of his new capital as majestic and beautiful. As a model of the future city, the Peter and Paul Fortress fully met these criteria. It developed as a single architectural ensemble, the center of which was the Peter and Paul Cathedral.
The wooden church in the name of the Chief Apostles Peter and Paul was founded immediately after the foundation of the fortress. In 1712, when St. Petersburg became the new capital of Russia, the construction of a stone cathedral began on the same spot. The cathedral also becomes the new imperial tomb. In pre-Petrine Russia, tsars were buried in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.
We can continue towards the cathedral.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, the building of the Grand Duke's tomb was built next to the cathedral. Here it was supposed to continue the tradition of the Peter and Paul Cathedral for the burial of members of the imperial family. The building of the Tomb was created by such different architects as David Grimm, Anton Tomishko and Leonty Benois. Separated in time by two centuries, the cathedral and the tomb are perceived as a single architectural ensemble. The tomb was consecrated in 1908 in the name of the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky. The glorious victories of Russian soldiers who defended the Neva lands from foreign invaders are associated with the name of the Novgorod prince. Starting the Northern War with Sweden, Peter turns to the patronage of this saint, continuing his deeds.
It was supposed to bury only uncrowned members of the imperial family in the Tomb. Before the revolution of 1917, 13 burials were made here. The burials were decorated quite modestly - a white marble slab laid flush with the floor with a text typed in bronze letters. The slab is surrounded by a wide gray marble frieze.
Among those buried here is Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich. A brilliant naval officer, head of military educational institutions in St. Petersburg entered Russian history and literature as a wonderful poet. His poems, signed with the initials KR, became a source of inspiration for the most famous Russian composers. His translation of Hamlet is still considered by experts to be the best Russian version of the tragedy.
Now the Tomb is under restoration. The tombstone on the grave of Konstantin Konstantinovich was the first to be restored. This was done with the money of former cadets, who carried love and respect for their patron throughout their lives.
The fate of the Grand Duke's Tomb in the post-revolutionary period was dramatic. Some burials were opened, the tombstones were destroyed, and the exquisite interior created by Leonty Benois was lost.
At the end of the 20th century, the tradition of burials in the Grand Duke's Tomb was renewed. In 1992, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich, great-grandson of Emperor Alexander II, was buried. His father, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, having emigrated from Russia, proclaimed himself Russian Emperor Cyril I in 1924. After the execution of the royal family, he was a possible heir to the Romanov crown. In 1995, the ashes of Kirill Vladimirovich and his wife were transported from the German city of Coburg and reburied in the Grand Duke's Tomb.
It is interesting to note that on each of the facades of the Tomb there are well-preserved mosaic icons of the Mother of God. They were made according to the sketches of the famous artist Kharlamov in the famous workshop of Frolov - the one that created the unique mosaic decoration for the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood.
Having passed the square, we come to the eastern facade of the Grand Duke's Tomb.
Previously, a large Venetian window was decorated with a multi-colored stained-glass window "The Resurrection of Christ", made according to a sketch by the famous artist Bruni. In order to place a stained-glass window in an Orthodox church, a special permission of the Synod was needed. In St. Petersburg, only the Grand Duke's Tomb and St. Isaac's Cathedral received such permission.
Even higher on the facade is the image of the Kazan Mother of God. Once upon a time, still young Peter was predicted that he "... will build a new city in the north, and as long as the image of the Kazan Mother of God is in that city, the enemy's foot will not set foot in it." Remember the prophecy. During the Great Patriotic War, when Leningrad was suffocating in the ring of an enemy blockade, and the position of the city seemed hopeless, by special permission from Stalin, a plane with the icon of the Kazan Mother of God on board flew around the besieged city. Many were sure that it was her heavenly intercession that helped the city survive.
From the central alley, where our path lies, the Fedorov Icon of the Mother of God will be clearly visible. Since ancient times, she was considered the patroness of the Romanov family. It was in this way that Mikhail Romanov, who in 1613 became the first tsar of the dynasty, was blessed with the throne. Her reign lasted just over 300 years.
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Peter and Paul Cathedral - the tomb of the representatives of the Romanov dynasty
Imperial burials of the 18th century are located in the south nave of the cathedral in front of the iconostasis, where the icon of the Apostle Peter is placed in an icon case. They are located in two rows. In the front row, in addition to Peter I and his second wife, Empress Catherine I, their daughter, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, rested. Empress Anna Ioannovna, Emperor Peter III and Empress Catherine II are buried in the second row. Thus, Peter the Great and his grandson Peter III are buried in front of the icon of their patron saint, the Apostle Peter.
Imperial burials in the northern nave of the Peter and Paul Cathedral
In the north nave, in the iconostasis, there is an icon depicting the Apostle Paul; Emperor Paul I, his wife Empress Maria Feodorovna, their eldest son Emperor Alexander I and his wife Empress Elizaveta Feodorovna are buried in front of it. There are three graves in the first row: Emperor Nicholas I, his wife, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, and the eldest daughter of Peter I, Tsesarevna Anna Petrovna, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, mother of Peter III. In the northern nave, in the same row with Emperor Alexander II and his wife, Empress Maria Alexandrovna, their son Emperor Alexander III rests. On September 28, 2006, the reburial of Empress Maria Feodorovna (born Maria Sophia-Frederiki-Dagmar of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, 11/14/1867–10/13/1928) was carried out in the Peter and Paul Cathedral next to her husband Emperor Alexander III. Maria Feodorovna died in Denmark and was buried in the Roskilsky Cathedral near Copenhagen.
All tombstones in the Peter and Paul Cathedral are made of white Carrara marble, except for two, created from semi-precious stones. The burial of Alexander II is decorated with a tombstone of green Altai jasper, its weight is about 5.5 tons. A tombstone of rhodonite, weighing about 6.5 tons, is installed above the grave of his wife, Empress Maria Alexandrovna. These magnificent monolithic tombstones were designed by A. L. Gun at the Peterhof Lapidary Factory near St. Petersburg and installed in 1906, when the 25th anniversary of the death of the Tsar-Liberator, who abolished serfdom, and the Tsar-Martyr, who died from a bomb of Narodnaya Volya after repeated assassination attempts, was celebrated.
In addition to emperors and empresses, family members were also buried in the cathedral: at the beginning of the 18th century. relatives of Peter I were buried here, since 1831 the graves of the grand dukes began to appear.
W. Reinhardt. Peter and Paul Cathedral. Northern nave. This is how the graves of Emperor Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna looked like before they were replaced in 1906.
In 1939, at the request of the Greek government, in the presence of representatives of the museum, both governments and the clergy, the grave of the born Greek princess Alexandra Georgievna, the wife of the son of Alexander II, Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich, was opened. Her remains were sent for reburial to her homeland. In 1994, the body of Tsarevich Georgy Alexandrovich was exhumed to identify the remains of his brother Nicholas II. After the necessary research, Georgy Alexandrovich was buried in the same coffin and crypt in the presence of the clergy, a memorial service was served.
In the course of restoration work in the cathedral after a fire in 1756, a wall was built that separated from the main hall of the temple three rooms located under the bell tower: a narthex through which parishioners enter the temple, a sacristy and a chapel consecrated in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine. After that, the main building of the cathedral was often called the "Main Temple", and the Catherine's chapel - the "Small Temple". Separate worship services were held here.
On July 17, 1998, the remains of members of the family of Emperor Nicholas II, a servant and a doctor, who were shot in Yekaterinburg on July 17, 1918, were interred in the Catherine's chapel of the Peter and Paul Cathedral. The tombstone was made of three varieties of Italian marble, the tombstone was made of white Carrara marble. Below it is a two-tier crypt, on the lower tier of which are buried: Dr. E. S. Botkin, maid A. S. Demidova, footman A. E. Trupp, cook I. M. Kharitonov.
On the upper tier of the crypt there are coffins with the remains of Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and three daughters: Olga, Tatiana and Anastasia. Memorial plaques on the walls of the Small Church contain information about all family members, but for Grand Duchess Maria and Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich, whose remains were not found, there is no indication of the burial place. The funeral was attended by: President of the Russian Federation Boris N. Yeltsin, representatives of foreign countries, a large number of guests. The delegation of the Romanov family, which consisted of 52 people, was headed by the great-great-grandson of Nicholas I, Nikolai Romanovich Romanov. More than 1,000 correspondents covered the event in the media. A memorial service was served by the clergy of the St. Petersburg diocese, headed by the rector of the cathedral, Archpriest Boris Glebov. During the burial, 19 shots were fired.
The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church believes that “... The decision to identify the remains as belonging to the family of Emperor Nicholas II caused serious doubts and even opposition in the Church and society. In this regard, the Holy Synod speaks in favor of the immediate burial of these remains in a symbolic memorial grave.
In August 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church canonized members of the family of Nicholas II, but did not change their attitude towards burial in the Catherine's chapel.
Since the consecration of the stone Peter and Paul Cathedral, church service life has been largely determined by its use as an imperial tomb. Over time, funeral services for the persons of the royal house became the main activity of the clergy. The sacraments of baptism and weddings have never been performed here.
In May 1919, by order of the commandant of the fortress, the cathedral was closed. Since the early 1990s services have resumed here.
On the eve of the revolution, a large Romanov family numbered more than 60 people. 18 of them died during the years of revolutionary terror (four were shot in January 1919 in the Peter and Paul Fortress). The rest managed to leave their homeland. Their life in exile developed differently. Now the Romanovs live in many countries of the world, have different professions. During their visits to our country and St. Petersburg, the descendants of emperors visit the graves of their ancestors in the Peter and Paul Cathedral to bow to their memory.
Grand Duke's Tomb
By the end of the XIX century. in the cathedral there was practically no room left for new burials, therefore, next to it, the building of the Grand Duke's burial vault was erected according to the project of the architect D. I. Grimm, with the participation of A. O. Tomishko and L. N. Benois.
Combining the features of various styles, the building fits well into the architectural ensemble of the Peter and Paul Fortress and forms a single ensemble with the Peter and Paul Cathedral, being its chapel, consecrated in 1908 in the name of the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky, one of the patrons of St. Petersburg.
The tomb is connected to the building of the Peter and Paul Cathedral by a gallery, where rooms were provided - the Tsar's rooms, intended for the rest of members of the ruling family when visiting the graves of loved ones.
Grand Duke's tomb. Photo of the beginning 20th century
In contrast to the cathedral, sixty concrete crypts 2.2 m deep were immediately prepared in the Grand Duke's tomb, located in rows from east to west. The grave was closed flush with the floor with a white marble slab, on which the title, name, places of birth and death, the date of the burial of the deceased were engraved. When they were buried in this building, the funeral service took place in the cathedral. By 1916, there were thirteen burials here, eight of which were transferred from the Peter and Paul Cathedral. After the revolution, the tomb, like the cathedral, was closed and sealed. Bronze decorations and lattices of the altar part were sent to be melted down. Subsequently, the building was used as a warehouse, while the tombstones were broken. In 1954, the tomb was transferred to the State Museum of the history of the city.
Funeral procession of Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Photo 1911
Funeral of Vladimir Kirillovich Romanov. Photo 1992
Funeral of Leonida Georgievna. Farewell to the body in the Peter and Paul Cathedral. Photo 2010
There are currently seventeen graves here. The burial in 1992 of the great-grandson of Emperor Alexander II, Vladimir Kirillovich Romanov (August 30, 1917–April 21, 1992), whom supporters considered a contender for the Russian throne, served as a precedent for subsequent burials. In 1995, the remains of Vladimir Kirillovich's parents, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich (30.09.1876–12.10.1938) and Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna (13.11.1876–2.03.1936) were reburied in the Grand Dukes' Tomb from Coburg (Germany). On June 3, 2010, next to Vladimir Kirillovich, his wife Leonida Georgievna (nee Princess Bagration-Mukhranskaya, 09/23/1914–05/23/2010, Madrid) was buried in the Grand Ducal Tomb.
Church and parish life of the Peter and Paul Cathedral
The first wooden church in the Peter and Paul Fortress was consecrated on April 1, 1704 in the name of the apostles Peter and Paul, little information has been preserved about the services in this church, but it is known that solemn services were held there in honor of the victories of Russian weapons, trophies obtained in the Northern War were kept . In 1712, when St. Petersburg became the capital of the state, the construction of a new stone church began around the wooden church, which lasted 21 years. During the construction period, the clergy was preserved and divine services were held. Already in the first wooden church, the daughter of Peter I Catherine was buried, the burials of the tsar's relatives continued during the construction of the stone church. When in 1731 the remains of Peter I and Catherine I were interred in the cathedral, the temple became the imperial tomb. Indications that the cathedral was made by the cathedral decree of Anna Ioannovna in June 1731 are found in the annals of the Peter and Paul Fortress and Bogdanov-Ruban, but no such decree was found in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire.
On June 29, 1733, this unique for that time and huge, "notoriously built church" was consecrated in the presence of Empress Anna Ioannovna. The cathedral was re-consecrated on June 23, 1757, after a fire had destroyed the bell tower a year earlier.
On July 6, 1737, Anna Ioannovna imposed a resolution on the report of the Synod on the state of the clergy and clergy of the St. Petersburg Peter and Paul Cathedral. The Synod drew the attention of the empress to the small number of priests and their inconsistency with the high status of the temple: they are “unlearned people”, while for such a “noble church” they rely on “worthy, learned, skillful and benevolent people” and “a meager number” as ministers. The staff was significantly expanded, and from that time regular hierarchal services began in the cathedral, which were managed in turn by the highest hierarchs of the Russian church.
Before the establishment in 1742 of the St. Petersburg diocese, the cathedral was considered synodal and subordinate to the Holy Synod. In the Peter and Paul Cathedral, as a cathedral, clergy were promoted to the rank of bishops and St. Petersburg metropolitans were ordained, and here the new metropolitan was to conduct his first service.
From the very first years of its existence, the Peter and Paul Cathedral was not the only place for hierarchal services. It was quite difficult to get to the Peter and Paul Fortress, especially in spring and autumn because of the "danger of the Neva", so more and more such services began to be held in other churches, and the Peter and Paul Cathedral began to lose its significance as the main one. In addition to the territorial inconvenience, it was important that members of the imperial family were buried in the cathedral, it became a memorial place in which funeral services began to play a leading role.
In 1858, St. Isaac's Cathedral became the cathedral church of the St. Petersburg Metropolis, which is confirmed by the "Highly Approved Ceremonial of the Consecration of the St. Petersburg Cathedral in the Name of St. Isaac of Dalmatia on May 30, 1858."
In 1859, the Peter and Paul Cathedral was transferred from the jurisdiction of the diocese to the court construction office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in 1883, together with the clergy, it was included in the Court Spiritual Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the cathedral received the status of a court, which was quite consistent with the historical situation, and retained it until 1917 In 2007, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg and Ladoga Vladimir (Kotlyarov) named the Peter and Paul Cathedral the first cathedral in St. Petersburg.
Due to the fact that the cathedral is the tomb of the Romanov dynasty, a special church and service life of the temple has developed: funerals and commemoration of the deceased members of the imperial family were held here, and such ordinary rites as baptism and weddings were not held. The cathedrals took part in all ceremonies of the funeral of monarchs and memorial services. Sometimes the commandants of the fortress were buried in the cathedral, who were buried at the Commandant's cemetery. By the end of the XIX century. the "List of church service activities of the Peter and Paul Cathedrals" was established with the designation of regular worship services. In connection with the location of the cathedral in the center of the Peter and Paul Fortress, the duties of the clergy included the administration of religious rites for those who made up the parish of the church: soldiers of the fortress garrison, prisoners held in the fortress, employees of the Mint. On the eve of holidays, Sundays and highly solemn days, all-night vigils were served, after each liturgy, all persons buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, starting with Peter I, were commemorated.
Another side of the activity of the clergy of the cathedral is the swearing in of employees of the Mint and young soldiers. The clergy of the cathedral taught the law of God to the young soldiers of the fortress bastion and observed the observance of the penance (punishment) imposed on the prisoners, soldiers and officers of the fortress garrison.
The temple holidays of the Peter and Paul Cathedral were: June 29 - the day of the patrons of the cathedral, the supreme apostles Peter and Paul; November 24 - the Holy Great Martyr Catherine in memory of the patron saint of the small church - Catherine's chapel; August 30 (transfer of relics to St. Petersburg) and November 23 (burial) are the days of the Right-believing Prince Alexander Nevsky, which began to be celebrated after the consecration of the Grand Duke’s tomb in honor of this saint in 1908. Holidays were also dedicated to temple shrines, religious processions were held.
After 1917, services continued for some time, but apparently stopped in 1919, when the temple was closed by order of the commandant of the fortress A.I.
In 1922, the Peter and Paul Cathedral and the Grand Duke's Tomb were assigned as museum objects to the Glavnauka, created under the People's Commissariat of Education. In 1924, the Prison of the Trubetskoy Bastion, and in 1926 the cathedral and the tomb were transferred to the Museum of the Revolution. A new page in history was opened for the Peter and Paul Cathedral in 1954, when it came under the jurisdiction of the State. Museum of the History of Leningrad (since 1991 - St. Petersburg).
One of the first and basic legal documents that initiated the transfer of cult values to believers in the post-Soviet era was the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 23, 1993, in which the Government of the Russian Federation was entrusted with the implementation of a phased transfer of religious property, which is in federal ownership, into ownership or use religious organizations. In 1997, Minister of Culture E. Yu. Sidorov determined the forms of contractual relations with the church regarding monuments: 1. Form of ownership (rarely used); 2. Free use (often used); 3. Sharing (rarely used). The third type of use includes such monuments as the Moscow Kremlin, the Peter and Paul Cathedral, etc.
In the early 1990s two parishes were registered: one - to the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the other - to the Grand Duke's burial vault with the rector, Archpriest Boris Glebov. In 2001, the current parish was registered, the chairman of the parish council (headman) of which is B. A. Almazov, and the treasurer is N. N. Valuysky. The rector of the cathedral is hegumen Alexander (Fedorov). There was no new consecration of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in the post-Soviet period, after the registration of the parish before the celebration of the temple feast on July 12, 2002, a new antimension was issued by Metropolitan Vladimir (Kotlyarov) of St. Petersburg and Ladoga.
1992 can be considered the beginning of the resumption of services, mainly of a commemorative nature, this became possible after the burial in the Grand Duke's tomb of Vladimir Kirillovich Romanov. In 1997, the first all-night liturgy after the revolution was held in the cathedral, a year later, on July 17, 1998, Father Boris Glebov held a divine service for the innocent, timed to coincide with the anniversary of the execution of the family of the last Russian emperor and the burial of Ekaterinburg remains in the Ekaterininsky aisle. On July 12, 1999, on the day of the Apostles Peter and Paul, the first all-night and metropolitan liturgy was held in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, which was conducted by Metropolitan Vladimir of St. Petersburg and Ladoga. Since then, services have become regular.
In 2007, the St. Petersburg diocesan administration of the Russian Orthodox Church turned to the Chairman of the Federation Council S. M. Mironov with a request to head the Board of Trustees of the Imperial Peter and Paul Cathedral, which resulted in the signing of an agreement between the diocese and the museum on the joint use of the cathedral and the organization of regular services from the beginning of 2008.
On the night of April 27, 2008, for the first time in the post-Soviet period, the rector of the cathedral, hegumen Alexander Fedorov, held an Easter service, and on July 12, 2009, Patriarch Kirill celebrated the Divine Liturgy in the cathedral, thus marking the name day of the city. It was the first patriarchal service in the entire history of the church. Previously, if the patriarchs attended the cathedral, but did not conduct divine services, it is not necessary to talk about the Russian Empire in this context due to the absence of the institution of the patriarchate in it. The patriarch presented the cathedral with a copy of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, which is now kept in the central nave on the sole to the left of the Royal Doors. On behalf of the diocese, Vicar Bishop Ambrose presented Vladyka with an icon of the Apostles Peter and Paul. Patriarchal services have become a new tradition. On July 12, 2010, the Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church also celebrated the day of the Apostles Peter and Paul.
On September 30, 2009, a historic agreement on services was reached between the Metropolia and the museum, in accordance with which there are no excursions during the services. Divine services are held on Saturdays - All-Night Vigil and on Sundays - Liturgy. All major feasts of the Twelve and Pascha are marked with services, memorial services are held for the deceased emperors, some empresses and members of the imperial family, temple holidays are traditionally celebrated: the days of the apostles Peter and Paul, the great martyr Catherine and the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky.
In the general list of churches of the St. Petersburg Metropolis, the cathedral is listed as the "Imperial Memorial Cathedral in the Name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul" under No. 126.
In November 2010, President D. Medvedev signed the Federal Law of the Russian Federation on the transfer of state or municipal property for religious purposes to church organizations. How this law will affect the fate of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the future will show.
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Grand Duke's Tomb
Architectural monument. It was built in 1896-1908 (architect D. I. Grimm, with the participation of architects A. I. Tomishko, L. N. Benois) on the territory of the Peter and Paul Fortress as a burial place for persons of the imperial family (grand dukes and princesses; hence the name). V. at. connected by a closed gallery with the Peter and Paul Cathedral. In 1908-15 in V. at. 13 members of the imperial family were buried (the inscriptions on the tombstones have not been preserved). Thanks to skillfully found proportions, the VU building, completed with a dome and an onion dome, is perceived as a single whole with the cathedral. The mosaics on the facades were made in the workshop of V. A. Frolov according to the sketches of the artist N. N. Kharlamov, marble cladding and gilded bronze were widely used in the interior decoration. The fence in front of the western facade was created in 1904-06 (architect L. N. Benois) on the model of the lattice of the Summer Garden. Since 1967 in the building of V. at. exposition of the Museum of the History of Leningrad "History of the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress".
- - Crypt for the burial of persons united by kinship. Source: Pluzhnikov, 1995 Illustrations: Assumption Cathedral in the Staritsky Assumption Monastery in the Tver Region. To the right of the cathedral is the white-stone General-in-Chief I. F. Stershnev...
Dictionary of temple architecture
- - in Russia. As elsewhere, in Russia, hunting warns history. History notes the existence of hunting as a common and widespread fact...
- - As elsewhere, in Russia, hunting warns history. History notes the existence of hunting as a common and widespread fact...
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron
- - R....
- - TV. stubble / flax ...
Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language
- - sword / t-sleeping / flax, sword / ti ...
merged. Apart. Through a hyphen. Dictionary-reference
- - TOMB, -y, wives. . Crypt, a burial place, usually members of the same clan, one family. W. pharaoh...
Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
- - TOMB, tombs, wives. . Crypt for burial of members of one family, one kind. Family tomb...
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
- - tomb A crypt for the burial of members of one clan, one family or some prominent figure...
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova
- - ...
Spelling Dictionary
- - sleep "...
Russian spelling dictionary
- - family - crypt Cf. Cimetière - cemetery. Wed Coemeiterium. Wed Κοιμητήριον - bedroom, resting place, cemetery...
Explanatory-phraseological dictionary of Michelson
- - family - crypt. Wed Cimetière - cemetery. Wed Coemeterium. Wed Κοιμητήριον a bedroom, a place of calm, a cemetery...
Michelson Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary (original orph.)
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Word forms
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Synonym dictionary
- - tomb, coffin, turbet, crypt,...
Synonym dictionary
"Grand Duke's Tomb" in books
Part 1 "Grand Duke, Royal and Imperial hunting in Russia" N. I. Kutepova
From the book Russian book culture at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries author Aksenova Galina Vladimirovna
Part 1 "Grand Duke, Royal and Imperial hunting in Russia" N.I.
Royal tomb
From the book The Great Pyramid of Giza. Facts, hypotheses, discoveries author Bonwick James
The royal tomb Telling about the construction of the pyramids, Herodotus claims that "Cheops ordered Filitis to erect a tomb for him." A Syrian author who lived in the ninth century wrote: “The pyramids are not the granaries of Joseph at all, as many believe, but the mausoleums erected
"Grand Ducal Opposition"
From the book Imperial Russia author Anisimov Evgeny Viktorovich
"Grand Ducal Opposition" By 1915-1916, the so-called "Grand Ducal Opposition" was strengthened. Back in 1886, Alexander III revised the "Institution on the Imperial Family" of 1797. The fact is that the imperial family over the past hundred years has increased in
2.8. Yaroslavl as a grand ducal patrimony of the old Russian tsars
From the book Lord Veliky Novgorod. Did the Russian land come from the Volkhov or from the Volga? author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich
2.8. Yaroslavl as a grand-princely patrimony of the old Russian tsars In the Middle Ages, the old capitals usually served as the residence of the second sons of the sovereign. And indeed, as Baron Sigismund Herberstein wrote in the 16th century, “the city and fortress of Yaroslavl on the banks of the Volga is separated from
Tomb of Heroes
From the book Special Detachment 731 by Hiroshi Akiyama
Tomb of Heroes The Tomb of Heroes was located just in front of the entrance to the General Department. Even from the time when our detachment was called the Directorate for Water Supply and Prevention of Kwantung Army Units, tablets with the names of more than three hundred people who died
Grand ducal power
From the book History of Russia from ancient times to the end of the 20th century author Nikolaev Igor Mikhailovich
Grand Duke Power As the Russian lands were unified under the rule of the Moscow state, the nature of power, its organization and ideology changed. The power of the Grand Duke of Moscow began to acquire a nationwide character. Ivan III no longer shared it with others
Chapter IX. tomb
From the book The Lost Pyramid author Ghoneim Mohammed Zakaria
Chapter IX. Shrine Following me, Hofni slid down. When we came to our senses and turned on our lanterns, a magnificent sight appeared before us: in the middle of a roughly hewn room, as if welcoming us, a pale golden translucent alabaster sarcophagus shone. We
CHAPTER II. GRAND MOSCOW
From the book Ancient Moscow. XII-XV centuries author Tikhomirov Mikhail Nikolaevich
CHAPTER II. GRAND MOSCOW PRINCIPLE OF YURI DANILOVICH Daniil Alexandrovich died early, only 40 years old. Moscow princes of the XIV century. were generally short-lived and usually died at a flowering age. Yuri Danilovich died at the age of 45. Semyon Gordy, Ivan Ivanovich and Dmitry
From the book Nobility in a General's Uniform author Shitkov Alexander Vladimirovich
Tomb of the commander
From the book Myths and mysteries of our history author Malyshev Vladimir
The tomb of the commander Saint Prince Alexander Nevsky, who was recently recognized as the "Name of Russia" as a result of a television poll, was buried in Vladimir. In the chronicle legend that has come down to us about his exploits, it was said that he was "born by God." Winning everywhere, he
Part II. Grand ducal opposition 1915–1917
From the author's book Part II. Grand ducal opposition 1915–1917 Grand Duke Opposition in Russia 1915–1917 was a significant component of the structural pre-revolutionary crisis and a clear indicator of the decomposition of the ruling elite. By the beginning of the February Revolution of 1917, the position of the great
Windsor - palace and tomb
From The Tudors author Vronsky Pavel
Windsor - palace and tomb Among the other main residences of the Tudors, only the castle in Windsor has survived. He was often visited by Henry VIII, and then by Elizabeth I. Both of them appreciated the beautiful hunting grounds that surrounded the palace: they held various holidays there, such as
Tomb of Saint Andrew
From the book Walking in Europe with Love for Life. From London to Jerusalem author Morton Henry Vollam
St. Andrew's Tomb The young man fell on my head at the very moment when I sat comfortably on the veranda of the hotel with a bottle of white Orvieto. The view from here was the most magnificent: long rows of verdant vineyards stretched along the hillside and
Grand ducal power
From the author's book Grand Duke power As the Russian lands were united under the rule of the Muscovite state, the nature of power, its organization and ideology changed. The power of the Grand Duke of Moscow began to acquire a nationwide character. Ivan III no longer shared it with others
THE GRAND-DUCK TOMB IN THE KREMLIN
From the book of 100 great necropolises author Ionina Nadezhda
THE GREAT DUKE TOMB IN THE KREMLIN Originally, on the site of the Kremlin's Arkhangelsk Cathedral, on the south side of Borovitsky Hill, a wooden church was erected in honor of Archangel Michael, the heavenly patron of Russian princes in their military affairs. Evidence of
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