The ability to write beautifully and competently is considered one of the indicators of a person's individual culture. No one is born with a talent for exemplary writing and a natural gift for keeping records neat. Only through the hard work of a young creature, his teachers and parents, can the ability to write grammatically correctly and beautifully be developed at an early age.

Whatever class a child goes to, he can make many mistakes in writing. Then parents think about how to help him accurately write off fragments from a book or from a blackboard and how to teach a child to write text or his own thoughts correctly from dictation.

The kid goes only to the first grade, and he already needs to accurately and beautifully write off the printed or written text from the textbook or from the example on the board. It seems absurd to adults that their child manages, with elementary copying, to write half incorrectly, but with a bunch of typos and omissions.

As soon as the stage of studying letters has been passed, the teacher, according to the requirements of the school curriculum for the first grade, begins to teach the kids to write off small words. It is not always possible for first-graders to do this correctly, because while the gaze wanders from the board or book to the notebook, the written letter disappears from their field of vision. Therefore, they spend their strength and energy searching for a lost letter or word, get tired, become inattentive, and the text is replete with errors.

How to teach a child to correctly write individual words based on a sample?

An effective way for a child attending grades 1-2 is to ask him to follow these steps in sequence:

1. Read the word out loud the way it is written and not heard, for example: Oval, circle, dew, radish.
2. name number of letters in the word.
3. read the word again. Such training helps to develop the baby's visual memory, which contributes to the formation of his spelling skills.
4. Cover sample and write your own word in a notebook.
5. Read the written word word by word and count the number of letters in him. Compare the number of letters in the sample with the word that turned out.
6. Match the written word with the sample letter by letter. If a mistake has been made, let the child find it on their own.

Having learned to write off words in this way, it will be easier for a child who goes to grade 3 or 5 to quickly and correctly reproduce part or a whole sentence, and there will be much fewer errors.

If the baby has problems with writing off sentences, conduct classes with him according to the following algorithm:

1. The child reads the sample sentence aloud.
2. Tells what it says.
3. Counts the words in a sentence.
4. Reads the first word and writes it down.
5. Reads the first word and the second, writes the second.
6. Reads the first three words and writes the third of them. The same action is performed with all words.
7. Reads the written sentence aloud. Finds out whether everything is written correctly and whether the meaning is clear.
8. Checks the sample against the written sentence, comparing each word.

Developing the ability to write from dictation

It is more difficult for children, for whom dictations come to replace the tasks for cheating. There is nowhere to peep, you need to know for yourself how words are written and what punctuation marks to put. A new problem arises: how to teach a child to write without errors what he perceives by ear?

Usually the requirement to write from dictation applies to students who have moved into the second grade. It is quite difficult for kids to reproduce the heard fragment in writing.

If your child gets nervous or throws a temper tantrum when you have to take dictation at school, try doing dictation with him regularly at home - use words, sentences, or any text from the paragraphs he went through in class.

Before writing a dictation text, do some preparatory work with your child:

1. Let the child read the text.
2. Discuss all the places where the baby can make mistakes and remember the rules that need to be followed in order to write correctly.
3. Repeat the spelling of the words you need to remember, if any.

When proceeding directly to the dictation, consider the following points:

1. Each sentence must first be read in its entirety, and then dictated word by word. It is important to teach the child to fully listen to the sentence, and then proceed to write it.
2. If during dictations you notice that your child is about to make a mistake, you can quietly tell him to name the letter that belongs here.
3. Teach your child to dictate to himself mentally or in a whisper words by syllables, pronouncing each sound.

At the end, have the child read what they have written. If mistakes are found, ask him to remember the spelling rules for the words in which the mistake was made, and make adjustments. Then write the same dictation again with your child and check it together.

If your systematic studies according to the described scheme do not bring a positive result, consult a speech therapist. Some children have problems with phonetic-phonemic perception - the child hears everything, but merging sounds prevent him from quickly comprehending words. The specialist may recommend taking a corrective course.

Other principles of teaching literate writing

Create all conditions so that the child can do homework slowly and carefully. How to teach a child to write correctly, and even beautifully, if during his classes you can hear the TV, the computer is turned on, or the family sorts things out?

Always supervise your child's homework. Checking with him the correctness of spelling, focus only on how to write this or that word correctly. For example, if the kid wrote "question", do not tell him that you need to write not "a" in the first syllable, but "o". Immediately say: here you need to write "o".

Pick up interesting stories for your kid and teach him to read for 5-10 minutes a day (grades 1-5) or for 15 minutes (grade 5 and older), correctly pronouncing all the words in syllables as they are written. Carried away by reading, the baby will not notice how he remembers the correct spelling of words. In the future, he will be able to easily reproduce those speech units that he has already met in books.

In fact, it is not worth putting all the responsibility for the education of the child on the school. Sensitive, caring and patient parents can do much more for their children. It just takes a little effort.

How to teach a child to write correctly? This question sooner or later is asked by the parents of any student. The problem of literacy has been and remains one of the most pressing issues in school education, and is associated not only with the knowledge of spelling and punctuation rules, but also with the peculiarity of the work of the mechanisms of visual and auditory perception of the child.

Often parents are faced with an interesting paradox: he demonstrates a good knowledge of spelling rules and grammatical norms, and, having written a dictation, he manages to make many mistakes in it. Another child, who does not bother to memorize the rules, writes correctly, without making any special efforts. What is the secret here?

"Innate" literacy: myth or reality?

Quite often you can hear the following point of view: literacy is an innate quality, like an ear for music or the ability to draw, a pathologically illiterate person is not able to write correctly even after learning all the rules.

Is it true? The fact is that children who write without errors, as a rule, are endowed with excellent visual memory. And if such a child also reads a lot, then the ability to write correctly, without bothering to know the rules, is practically guaranteed to him. The child simply "photographs" the desired spelling of the word in his memory, and correctly transfers it to paper during the dictation.

Yes, this is so, parents will agree, but what then should those children do, whose visual memory is not developed so well? The answer is very simple - to develop it, especially since the exercises for the development of visual memory are not so difficult and can be carried out by parents during homework to prepare lessons.

How to teach a child to write correctly using the mechanisms of visual perception?

We train visual memory

Rewriting is the easiest way to train visual memory. Despite its simplicity and accessibility, there are several important points that will help make this type of work the most effective:

• In order to make rewriting enjoyable and not boring for the child, it is better to choose excerpts from favorite books for the lesson. The text should please the child and arouse his interest.
• Close the line following the rewritten line with a transparent ruler. Then it will be easier for the child to quickly find with his eyes in the text the place that he rewrites.
• Determine the scope of the text that the student must rewrite in one go: looked - remembered - rewrote. At the initial stage, it can be one word, in the future the number of words increases, and as a result of long training, the child will be able to rewrite entire sentences at once. It will look like this: read the whole sentence, memorize it, rewrite it. This is the result you should strive for.
• In the process of rewriting, we connect visual memory: when reading the text, the child must clearly pronounce all the words, preserving their sound pronunciation as much as possible, that is, read as the word is written, and not as it is heard. For example, words with iotated vowels "e", "e", "yu", "ya", must be pronounced, keeping the overtone "Y".
• Make sure that when rewriting, the child does not peep into the original until the previous piece of text is completely written down.

"Spy" technique

In order to diversify the rewriting classes, you can invite the children to be spies for a while, and conduct the lesson as follows. In this case, it would be better if the piece of text that is being rewritten is not in front of them on the table, but in another place or room.

"Spies" approach the book, memorize the passage and go to their workplace, sit down and reproduce the desired text from memory. As a result of numerous trips between the original and the place where children write, the mechanisms of “mental” photography are perfectly trained. A simpler version of this task is to leave the book a little away from the place where the rewriting takes place, but at the same time, the section of the text “photographed” by the student must be covered with a sheet of opaque paper.

Young archaeologist

It is also an interesting version of the lesson, which can be used to diversify rewriting tasks. Print an excerpt from the desired book in a text editor, then process it, deliberately "spoiling" it: skipping unstressed vowels, or case endings, double "n", and other places in words with spellings. Missing places can be marked with asterisks or three dots.

Then invite the young archaeologist to restore the corrupted text by inserting the correct letters. This task can be varied: for example, skipping not only letters in words, but whole words: verbs, adjectives, etc. Then the task will become really interesting, it will require not only knowledge of spelling, but also grammar rules.

Work on bugs

What does the usual work on the mistakes made in a dictation recently written by a schoolboy involve? The student rewrites the words in a column, writes opposite the correct version of the word, highlighting the desired spelling. This type of work in the lesson is given no more than 10-15 minutes.

It is not surprising that the very next day those words that were written incorrectly are forgotten, and in the next dictation the mistakes are repeated again.

We make a register of errors

Analyze at home with your child the dictation written at school. Let him write the word with an error on a separate sheet, and be a teacher: taking a pen with red paste, highlight the error. Then he writes next to the correct version of the word, indicating the desired spelling. Fold sheets with errors in a separate folder, repeating them from time to time at home.

Invite the child to come up with sentences on their own that will use words where he made mistakes. Words that often cause him difficulties can be rewritten on a separate sheet, attached above his desktop, highlighting his mistakes in red.

Learning spelling, how to do it right?

Often, children just “memorize” the rules, not quite clearly understanding what exactly they are talking about. As a result, having begun to study participles and gerunds in high school, the child cannot apply the spelling correctly simply because in elementary school he could not learn well the definitions and properties of such parts of speech as the verb and the adjective.

But it is these parts of speech that are involved in the formation of participles, gerunds and verbal adjectives, the correct spelling of which is not given to all students.

Teacher's advice:

Parents should ensure that by the beginning of their studies in high school, the child knows well all the parts of speech studied in elementary school: noun, adjective, verbs, numerals and pronouns and prepositions.

It is necessary that the student understands what properties they have and how they differ, quickly and correctly find and define them in the text. Then the spellings studied in high school, for the spelling of such parts of speech as participles, gerunds and adverbs where mistakes are most often made, will not be a piece of “dead” information for him, but will be successfully applied in practice.

Oh those commas...

The rules of syntax cause no less difficulty than the rules of spelling, especially since the laws of punctuation in Russian are quite complex and not always unambiguous. Knowledge of the rules of separation (highlighting parts of a sentence in the text with commas) is not always a guarantee of the correct placement of punctuation marks. Nevertheless, the requirements for the level of punctuation literacy of students are quite high - two missing commas already give the teacher a reason not to give an excellent mark.

Teacher's advice:

It is necessary to explain to the child that there is a direct connection between the pause that is made when reading the text and the placement of a comma or other punctuation mark. In other words, it is correct, when reading the text, to highlight punctuation marks with intonation. The understanding of this will be facilitated by the expressive, taking into account all punctuation marks, reading by the child of passages of the text aloud.

You can practice dictations "on the contrary" - let the child dictate, using intonation as much as possible, where he sees punctuation marks, and one of the adults writes under his dictation. An adult may deliberately make several mistakes. Invite the child to work as a teacher - to find and correct mistakes made by adults during dictation. This lesson will not only consolidate the knowledge of spelling and punctograms, but also increase the self-esteem of the young "teacher", which is important in the process of any learning.

Literacy as an indicator of education

Recently, more and more often you can hear this point of view of schoolchildren's parents: a serious study of spelling is no longer in demand as before, because there are a lot of spell check programs. And intensive study of the rules only “clutters up the head”, while the future programmer or web designer does not really need to be able to write correctly.

The concepts of education indicators have really changed now, but if we operate with classical ideas, then it’s right - it was, is and remains the most striking feature that characterizes an educated person.

Lecturer, child development center specialist
Druzhinina Elena

Specialist webinar on whether your child is ready for literacy:

Literacy is not a gift or a talent, but an acquired writing skill. Therefore, do not despair if your child often makes grammatical errors when writing. It’s just worth practicing with him and fixing the material covered in your memory, and you need to start from the basics, namely with the correct pronunciation of sounds, letters and.

Let's draw a picture of what happens in a person's brain when writing. First, we pronounce the word by syllables, then we associate a certain sound with a letter of the alphabet. Next, we remember how this or that letter looks and depict it on paper. Now a more complicated process - you need to put everything together and get the finished word.

But in practice, everything is much simpler and requires only daily activities from your child, which will help to consolidate the acquired knowledge and turn on the "automatic" mode during the subsequent letter.

Teachers are those people who constantly face such a problem as illiteracy. Therefore, based on many years of experience, a special technique was created with simple and effective exercises that, in a matter of time, will teach any child to write correctly without errors, both under dictation and when copying text from a textbook.

• Exercise number 1 - we catch letters. Very often, children have poorly developed auditory perception, which, accordingly, will negatively affect dictations. Therefore, from early childhood, it is necessary to teach the child to catch the sounds and letters from the spoken words. And do it better in a playful way. For example, a word game - say a word, and the child says what letter it ends with and names another word that begins with this letter.
• Exercise number 2 - divide into syllables. Often, some letters are missing in words. To prevent errors of this type, perform the following exercise. We take a leaf with a pencil and give it to the child. We pronounce the word, and your baby divides it into syllables and in parallel draws underscores on paper. How many syllables - so many dotted lines. Now repeat the word and let him write each syllable on his own line.
• Exercise number 3 - a test word. Children constantly confuse O and A, B and P, and so on. And here the main thing is to teach the child to associate this or that word with another cognate. For example, the verb to spend the night - they often write "to spend the night", but if the child checks with the help of the single-root noun "night", then all questions will immediately disappear.
• Exercise number 4 - scanner. Direct practice is the key to success in any business. And it is better to start here with a simple one, namely with the usual rewriting of the text. So we will fix in memory the very motor skills of writing. And the child will only need concentration and attention.
• Exercise number 5 - dictation. Writing down words from dictation is a more complex science, as additional mechanisms are activated in the brain. And it is worth transgressing to it after consolidating the previous skill. The more you write dictations, the faster your child will learn to write correctly.
• Exercise number 6 - punctuation. There are no periods and commas, or, conversely, too many punctuation marks. The only way to improve punctuation skills in writing is to read aloud consciously. Yes, the child must understand what he is reading and convey the desired intonation. Then it will not be difficult to finish the sentence or put a comma in the right place and make sense.

In addition to the above exercises, do not forget about the rules of the Russian language. But do not force the child to cram them, let him read fiction better. After all, reading forms visual memory and lays the foundations of grammar at a subconscious level.

How to prepare a child's hand for writing - this issue becomes relevant long before the start of school. Impatient parents, wanting to help the baby get comfortable with a pen and pencil, make many mistakes.

Primary school teacher and speech therapist Anastasia Speranskaya tells how to carefully approach this responsible matter.

You need to start writing no earlier than 7 years

Teaching a child to write before school is not worth it. Until this age, the mechanism of neuromuscular regulation has not matured in most children.

Writing is a very delicate process that requires the correct fit, fixation of the hand, a certain sequence of actions. Therefore, it is better to entrust this matter to a professional. The teacher works in the lesson with each student and makes sure that the process of developing handwriting takes place in the right way.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills will help prepare your hand for writing.

The best preparation for writing will be games for the development of fine motor skills. Sculpt from plasticine, play with cereals, string beads on a thread, tear paper and make applications out of it. This will prepare the muscles of the arm for the load.

You can also just draw (with pencils or wax crayons), paint, make simple hatching, spirals, patterns, straight and wavy lines of different lengths. Working out such elements before school will help the child quickly get used to the recipes.

First a pencil, then a pen

If the desire to teach a child to write is irresistible, give him a pencil. Learning should be an interesting activity, and you should try to avoid stress. Writing the first letters is a big stress for any kid. Therefore, he should always have the opportunity to correct the first mistakes. And this is convenient to do if the letters are written in pencil.

You need to do no more than 5 minutes at a time

They wrote one line, then rested - the first rule for caring parents. The concentration time of 7-8 years old in children is very short, and they can focus on letters for a maximum of 5 minutes (preferably 2-3).

Paradoxically, but at the initial stage of education, the less a student writes, the better he does.

Often, adults buy a child three different recipes and make them write one page every day. It is absolutely impossible to do so.

Teach your child to navigate on a piece of paper

If a child has problems with writing a particular letter (for example, he confuses “v” and “d”, writes “e” in the wrong direction) or he moves off the line, then you need to work on orientation on a sheet of paper.

Tasks are suitable for training: find 10 differences, draw a dot at the bottom (above, in the middle, to the left, to the right of some object on the page). Learn to draw small and large circles and compare their sizes.

Use notebooks in an oblique ruler with an additional line. In them, the oblique line goes very often, and not like in a regular notebook (every 2-4 centimeters). Frequent rulers help keep the correct slope and maintain the desired width of the letters.

Start immediately with capital letters

Writing in capital letters is, of course, easier. But there is a risk that the child will get confused when he needs to master 4 types of letters, albeit gradually. Printed large and small, uppercase large and small - how and what to write correctly is difficult to learn even for an attentive child.

Draw an image of a letter in the air

Practice writing letters in the air. First, do it with your whole hand - draw large letters. Then, during one lesson, “reduce the size” (“a” is large, “a” is medium, “a” is small). The child must draw the last letter (the smallest one) using only the hand.

Highlight beautiful letters

It is important to encourage the child for his successes, and not scold for mistakes. Therefore, take a green pen (or give it to the baby) and ask him to independently circle those letters that turned out better than others. You'll see, next time he will focus on them.

It is already very difficult for a child to write, and if you constantly focus on what did not work out, he will not want to learn at all.

Do not use handle attachments

Office stores now sell rubber tips that help form the correct grip on the pen. They can be used at the very first stage, when the child only takes a pencil or pen.

Then they should be abandoned. It is much more effective to show the baby how you hold the pen. Or make a grab together. Put your child's fingers in the right position, then grab his hand with yours and start writing. Let him feel the process: where you press hard, where you loosen your hand.

Dictation- one of the most common types of work in the Russian language and, at the same time, always a serious test even for adults. The selection of text for a school dictation corresponds to the material covered and, in theory, should be within the student's strength. But why do children make mistakes even when they demonstrate good knowledge of the rules and do well at homework?

It's an omission in one of the important areas.

Areas of work in preparation for the dictation

1. Psychological aspect. When answering the question of how to learn to write dictations well, one should remember about the situation of stress and the ability to overcome it. Ideally, the reaction to the stress of the final or test dictation should be the mobilization of all knowledge and forces to complete this task. In fact, the fear of getting a bad grade, a bad previous experience, self-doubt can lead to the fact that the child is “overwhelmed” and will do worse than he could in a calm environment.
Therefore, students must be prepared for the dictation in advance: either warn about the date of the work, or introduce dictations into everyday lesson activities.

2. The ability to see difficult places. A key skill in good writing, and in particular the ability to write competently from dictation, is spelling vigilance. For its formation, a variety of exercises are used. For example, tasks with missing letters, a commented letter, analysis of all spellings of the text.

3. Attentive attitude to the word. Tasks for attentiveness will also help to teach a child to write a dictation correctly. This is, first of all, thoughtful copying from a blackboard or a textbook into a notebook. Another option is to work with dictionaries: spelling, explanatory, etymological.

4. Motor skill. We must not forget that the text dictation shows the results of a huge multi-stage work, the result of which is the formation of writing skills. You can't just learn the rules and start applying them right away. If the motor skill has not yet been formed, the child will continue to make mistakes. This must be taken into account and not scolded by a student who is "stuck" at the previous stages of the formation of a competent letter.

How to teach a child to write dictation at home

Dear mothers, the first thing you must recognize and understand is that you are not specialists. If you are not a speech therapist or a teacher of the Russian language, do not try to teach the child yourself. Without understanding the essence of the processes that occur during the formation of a skill, you can harm the child. If your child has problems with Russian at school, first of all go to a speech therapist, rule out dysgraphia and dyslexia, and then decide what to do next. Do not try to teach dysgraphia from ordinary textbooks, you yourself, most likely, will not even be able to correctly determine the type of dysgraphia.

If a child cannot write dictations at school, but no pathologies have been identified, you are dealing with ordinary neglect. This is where a tutor can help. Get a recommended teacher and stop reading.

Since you have read up to this paragraph, it means that you have decided to do without a tutor. Well, our job is to warn. But at least take our advice.

Let's start with the basics of didactics. Text dictation is a control, not a training event. To teach how to write dictations, endlessly harassing a child with them, will not work. You must go through the following steps:

• the child learns how to spell the word correctly and why,
• the child pronounces each word in syllables,
• the child writes off words or phrases containing these words,
• the child inserts the missing letters in 20-50 words,
• the child writes individual words from dictation,
• the child writes phrases from dictation, including selected words, and comments on each word,
• the child writes dictation phrases, including selected words,
• the child writes a text dictation, including selected words, and comments on each word,
• the child writes a text dictation, including selected words, for evaluation.

Mistakes are inevitable at every stage. Analyze these errors and return to the previous stages of work. Proceed to the next step when the errors in the previous one disappear. This means that you will get to the text dictation in weeks and even months. And it will be really control.

And even in this case, mistakes will be repeated. It’s right not to scold the child (let it be put on display at school, and you are a good parent), but rewrite the same text several times until you can write it cleanly. Between repeated dictations, learn problematic words: work with a dictionary, write them on cards that you can flip through in your hands, write in large letters and hang them on the wall.

Words for such work can be selected in different ways. Start with those words that are framed in the school textbook or written at the end of the textbook. With the words recommended for memorization in each class, many dictations have already been compiled. Buy any collection.

You can dance from the opposite: take texts that are interesting to your child, write out complex words from them and start working. The result will be a dictation based on the child's favorite book.

Take a look at the Texts section. There are many dictations consisting of dictionary words. In addition, there are voice recordings of these dictations in mp3.

The answer to the question about how to learn to write correctly dictation, can be significantly expanded. And this site is proof of that. If you yourself or your child at least regularly perform the exercises in the Training section, the problem with dictations will no longer be so acute.

Tags: dictations, literacy
Elena Mazur
Publication Certificate No. 464564 dated February 29, 2016