Occupation of the Phoenicians. Phenicia's own agricultural production, as in the previous period, played a secondary role. Of great importance was the use of the forest wealth of the mountains of Lebanon; valuable wood species were an important export item. Syrian wool dyed with Phoenician purple was also exported, and from the V1I1-VII centuries - small glassware. The maritime trade of Phoenicia, already significant during the Egyptian rule, began to expand even more after the collapse of the Egyptian state. The whole trade of Egypt now passed into the hands of the Phoenicians, and their numerous ships constantly arrived at the harbors of the cities located along the banks of the Nile. The Phoenicians traded not only Phoenician goods, but also those brought from other countries - slaves, various handicrafts, and later also agricultural and cattle breeding products. Probably, ordinary freemen took an active part in maritime trade, who were lent tribute and nobility in silver and goods. In the caravan trade, which especially began to develop from the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. e., when the camel was already domesticated and as a result it became easier to overcome the vast desert and steppe spaces of Syria, along with kings and nobility, some representatives of ordinary free people could also enrich themselves. Along with the growth of wealth, there is an increasing stratification of the population of cities. The Phoenicians were known as slave traders. Although a significant part of the slaves they acquired was destined for export, it is likely that in the Phoenician cities themselves there were a significant number of slaves used on ships, in workshops, etc. Historical sources testify to the acute class struggle in Phoenicia. The uprising of the slaves in Tyre, which may have been joined by the poor free, is reported by Greek tradition. This is an uprising that took place, possibly in the 9th century. BC e., ended, according to legend, with the complete destruction of the male representatives of the ruling class, and women and children were distributed among the rebels. Greek historians tell us about some "Phoenician misfortunes", which can also presumably be considered as uprisings of the exploited masses in the Phoenician cities of Phoenicia.
slide 4 from the presentation "Ancient Phenicia". The size of the archive with the presentation is 430 KB.The Ancient East
summary of other presentations"Ancient Persia" - Croesus turned to the soothsayers. Coins of silver and gold. Read the text. Rise of Persia. Persepolis. Complete tasks. Persian religion. Ancient Persia. Administration of the Persian Empire. Cyrus II the Great. Persian Empire. Neo-Babylonian kingdom.
"Syria and Phenicia" - Amorites and Arameans often penetrated into Syria, settled there and even formed separate principalities. In some parts of Syria and Phoenicia, natural conditions contributed to the high development of agriculture. Finally, in the ruins of Byblos, many Egyptian objects from the Middle Kingdom were found, some of which are covered with Egyptian inscriptions. The largest battles took place on the fields of Syria, Syrian fortresses were often subjected to sieges and assaults.
"Features of the states of the Ancient East" - Respect for elders. Indians. India. Historical dictation. Peoples of the Ancient East. Confucius. Asia Minor. Captives. Persian Gulf. Brahmin corresponds to white. Uruk. What did the ancient inhabitants of India treat snakes to? Writing of the countries of the Ancient East. Hindustan. Iron age. Herodotus. States of the Ancient East. Channel. Living goods. Euphrates river. Cuneiform. Supreme virtue. What contribution did the peoples of the Ancient East make to world culture.
"Assyria" - An event from the history of the Assyrian state. Beginning of the Iron Age. We define the problem. Assyria. Lion's lair. Required level. Directions of the Assyrian conquests. countries and peoples. Raised level. We apply new knowledge. Sight. What allowed the Assyrians to create a world power. "Iron" kingdom of Assyria. Memphis. What achievements and lessons did the Assyrian state leave us as a legacy.
"Mesopotamia" - History of Assyria. Ashur disc. Attack of the Assyrian chariots. Major cities of Assyria. Babylon. Assyria. Relief. Sumerian cities. Religion. Religious representations. Winged gin. stage of the early dynastic period. Old written documents. Fall of Sumer. Culture. Sumer. Two guesses. Collection of Assyrian Laws. History of the Two Rivers. Southern Mesopotamia. central deity. The science. Features of the architecture of Assyria.
Answer from SerezhaL[guru]
Another outstanding achievement of the Phoenicians was the creation of the first alphabet in the history of mankind. It consisted of 22 letters, converted from hieroglyphs and cuneiform signs. The word "alphabet" itself is a combination of the first two letters and means aleph - "bull", bet - "house". But there were no vowels in the alphabet, and only consonants were written. Most of the world's alphabets, including the Cyrillic alphabet we use, are derived from Phoenician.
Answer from Yatiana[guru]
Due to the lack of good arable land, agriculture was not widespread. Horticulture was more widespread, olives were grown (from which olive oil was also made), dates, and grapes. Trade played an important role in the life of the Phoenicians - and not only trade in local goods, but also transit trade. The Phoenicians did not disdain piracy either. Great success was achieved in winemaking - the Phoenicians traded in high quality wine. Like all coastal peoples, the Phoenicians were engaged in fishing. The purple dye obtained by the Phoenicians from shellfish was a great success in the ancient world. However, the extremely high price allowed only very rich people to acquire it. The Phoenicians also traded in Lebanese cedar and oak, which grew in the Lebanese mountains. Of the crafts, jewelry and glass-blowing have achieved great success.
link
Answer from Seryoga vorfolomeev[newbie]
THX
Answer from Iafael Karaulshchikov[newbie]
seafaring
Answer from Natusha Best[newbie]
The main occupation of the Phoenicians is sailing.
Answer from Vika zakharova[newbie]
The main occupation of the Phoenicians was sailing.
Answer from Yergey Veremeev[newbie]
navigation and agriculture
Answer from Mikhail Bobreshov[active]
Crafts and trade.
Possible: 1. The name of the fruit of dates from the palm most likely came from the name of the Phoenicians, and not vice versa. 2. Phenicia is Greek for purple. And the sails of the ships of the Phoenician sailors were purple. They obtained purple from a natural dye - molluscs from sea shells, for dyeing fabrics for clothes, sails, etc. 3. The Phoenicians are the people of the Slavic Antes, who had their own written language and were able to smelt metal and glass and make various products from them.
In Miller's atlas of 1519, Phoenicia still existed in Asia Minor. The Swedish court master of ceremonies Sparvenfeld called himself in a speech from 1697 "a true bitter-hearted date."
And now there are, almost imperceptible, traces of Phenicia in Turkey. This is a small town Finike, between Demre and Kumluca. Not far from the place of settlement in the old days, the Ants people - Antalya.
Answer from Nikita Miller[newbie]
The Phoenicians did most of their trading by sea. Since they were located in a very convenient place that had access to the sea.
Answer from Tera ter[newbie]
navigation
Answer from Vladislav Kadyrov[newbie]
The main occupation of the Phoenicians was maritime trade. In navigation and shipbuilding, the Phoenicians had no equal in the ancient world. All sea routes ran along the coast, where sailors landed to replenish supplies, the Phoenicians founded colonies. Thanks to the colonies, the Phoenician ships by the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. e. could reach any point of the Mediterranean coast and even West Africa. After the conquest of Phenicia by the Assyrians, Carthage, a colony on the northwestern coast of Africa, became the richest independent Phoenician city.
The most valuable commodity is Lebanese cedar. From Africa, Spain, Cyprus they brought gold, silver, ivory, copper, and later iron, from Egypt - wheat, linen, papyrus, incense. Special items of income for the Phoenicians were maritime slave trade and piracy.
Sometimes they traveled around Africa, went for tin, lead and amber to Northern Europe, for gold, mahogany and precious stones - to India.
Crafts were also developed in Phoenicia. Only here at that time they made transparent and colored glass. From sea shells, the Phoenicians obtained a liquid that dyed clothing made of sheep or goat hair purple. To dye one cloak, it was necessary to collect thousands of shells from the seabed. Due to the price, such a robe was available only to kings and the most noble nobles. Phoenician jewelers were also widely known.
Another outstanding achievement of the Phoenicians was the creation of the first alphabet in the history of mankind. It consisted of 22 letters, converted from hieroglyphs and cuneiform signs. The word "alphabet" itself is a combination of the first two letters and means aleph - "bull", bet - "house". But there were no vowels in the alphabet, and only consonants were written. Most of the world's alphabets, including the Cyrillic alphabet we use, are derived from Phoenician.
Herodotus about the Phoenicians (Journeys of the Phoenicians) ... Libya, apparently, is surrounded by the sea, except for the place where it adjoins in Asia; this, as far as I know, was first proved by Necho, king of Egypt. After the construction of a canal from the Nile to the Arabian Gulf was stopped, the king sent the Phoenicians on ships. He ordered them to keep the way back through the Pillars of Hercules until they reached the North Sea and thus returned to Egypt. The Phoenicians left the Red Sea and then sailed to the South. In the autumn they landed on the shore, and wherever they went in Libya, they worked the land everywhere; then they waited for the harvest, and after the harvest they sailed on. Two years later, on the third, the Phoenicians circled the Pillars of Hercules and arrived in Egypt. According to their stories (I don’t believe this, let whoever wants to believe it), while sailing around Libya, the sun turned out to be on their right side. So for the first time it was proved that Libya is surrounded by the sea. Subsequently, the Carthaginians claimed that they also managed to deceive Libya ...
Phoenicians
The Phoenicians are a Semitic people inhabiting part of the eastern Mediterranean coast in 3 - 1 thousand BC. In 332. BC. Phoenicia was captured by Alexander the Great and from that moment began to rapidly lose its cultural identity, falling into the orbit of Greek influence. Politically, Phoenicia was a conglomerate of independent city-states, often at war with each other. The Phoenicians did not even have a single self-name and identified themselves with the names of the cities - states to which they belonged.
Nature
Ancient Phoenicia was located on a coastal strip along the northern part of the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and was surrounded from the east by the Lebanese mountains. The relief of Phenicia was predominantly mountainous and hilly.
Classes
Due to the lack of good arable land, agriculture was not widespread. Horticulture was more widespread, olives were grown (from which olive oil was also made), dates, and grapes. Trade played an important role in the life of the Phoenicians - and not only trade in local goods, but also transit trade. The Phoenicians did not disdain piracy either. Great success was achieved in winemaking - the Phoenicians traded in high quality wine. Like all coastal peoples, the Phoenicians were engaged in fishing. The purple dye obtained by the Phoenicians from shellfish was a great success in the ancient world. However, the extremely high price allowed only very rich people to acquire it. The Phoenicians also traded in Lebanese cedar and oak, which grew in the Lebanese mountains. Of the crafts, jewelry and glass-blowing have achieved great success.
Means of transport
The Phoenicians were skilled seafarers. Their ships were built from durable Lebanese cedar. On land, the Phoenicians equipped camel trade caravans, and over time they managed (with the help of hired Indians) to tame African elephants.
Architecture
Little is known about Phoenician architecture. Actually the Phoenician architectural style (if it existed) is unknown to us. The monumental Phoenician tombs (in which the nobility were buried) bear the imprint of Egyptian and Mesopotamian influence.
Warfare
As merchants, the Phoenicians were good diplomats and often successfully resolved conflicts through diplomacy. However, in case of a siege, the Phoenician city-states were well fortified. Little is known about the land army of the Phoenicians. The Phoenician fleet included not only merchant ships, but also warships. Many states of the ancient world used the Phoenicians as mercenaries during wars at sea.
Art and literature
The art of the Phoenicians was applied in nature. The Phoenicians were engaged in ivory carving and the manufacture of enameled ceramics. The Phoenicians invented the alphabet - however, the actual Phoenician records are known to us mainly only from tombstones. The Phoenicians used papyrus for writing, which was stored for a relatively short time in a humid climate. Even the mythical plots of the Phoenicians are known to us in the retellings of Greek scientists.
The science
The Phoenicians had developed navigation, astronomy and geography (in the sense of research expeditions). The Phoenicians also made a certain contribution to the development of ancient philosophy.
Religion
Due to political fragmentation, a common Phoenician religion (as a system of myths) never took shape. The sky god was the main god in Phoenicia and bore a common noun, not a proper one. He was called "lord" (Baal), "king of the city" (Melkart), "power" (Moloch), or simply "god" (El). The wife of the sky god was called Astarte (options - Ashtart, Asherat). However, each city-state had its own priests, its own temples and its own gods. There were human sacrifices.
The nature of Phenicia and the occupation of the Phoenicians
Cities and colonies of Phoenicia
Culture and Science of the Phoenicians
Trade
Trade
Agriculture - cultivation of vineyards and olive trees
Construction
Invention of transparent glass
Invention of purple fabrics
Think about what the Phoenicians could buy and sell?
Egypt:
Egypt: grain, sweets, fruits, papyrus
Phoenicia: purple fabrics, glass, grape wine, olive oil
Babylon: grain, dates, earthenware
Phoenicians in everything
world famous as
the best sailors and
shipbuilders
What's happened
What's happened
the colony?
The Phoenician alphabet consisted of 22 letters and contained only consonants.
So for the first time it was proved that Libya is surrounded by the sea. Subsequently, the Carthaginians claimed that they also managed to deceive Libya ...
... Libya, apparently, is surrounded by the sea, except for the place where it adjoins in Asia; this, as far as I know, was first proved by Necho, king of Egypt. After the construction of a canal from the Nile to the Arabian Gulf was stopped, the king sent the Phoenicians on ships. He ordered them to keep the way back through the Pillars of Hercules until they reached the North Sea and thus returned to Egypt. The Phoenicians left the Red Sea and then sailed to the South. In the autumn they landed on the shore, and wherever they went in Libya, they worked the land everywhere; then they waited for the harvest, and after the harvest they sailed on. Two years later, on the third, the Phoenicians circled the Pillars of Hercules and arrived in Egypt. According to their stories (I don’t believe this, let whoever wants to believe it), while sailing around Libya, the sun turned out to be on their right side.
