Zimin Nikolai Petrovich biography. Zimin, Nikolai Petrovich. mechanical engineer, public figure

After graduating in 1873 from the Imperial Moscow technical school with a gold medal, Nikolai Petrovich received the title of mechanical engineer.

In 1875, Zimin, as a junior technician, got a job at the Moscow water supply system. After some time, he gets a promotion, in connection with which he is now in charge of all wells and pumping stations. A little later, he became the chief engineer.

In 1882, under his leadership, the Preobrazhensky water pipeline was built.

In 1884-1893, he designed and built a new Mytishchi water pipeline. At the same time, he faces some problems in the adoption of the project by the City Duma.

It was Zimin who, in 1898, insisted on the construction of a water intake structure and a pumping station of the first lift on the banks of the Moskva River. In 1900-1901, under the leadership of Nikolai Petrovich, the project of the Moskvoretsky water pipeline was finally developed. On December 26, 1901, a test supply of water was made from the Rublevskaya water pumping station to the Vorobyevsky reservoir. In 1902, all the main water supply facilities were ready. And then, due to disagreements with the city administration in the field of technical equipment for filters, Zimin resigned. He single-handedly tried to convince the rest of the effectiveness of American filters, but other specialists, supported by the City Duma, insisted on English version(already in 1904, during the flood, the English filters were unusable).

Zimin also developed designs for water pipelines in Tsaritsyn, Samara, Rybinsk, Tobolsk, Tambov, and Shuya. He presented his project of the Nizhny Novgorod water pipeline at the All-Russian Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod . In 1905, the construction of a water pipeline designed by Zimin began in Perm.

Zimin also created the design of the most common fire hydrant PG-5 or, as it is called, the underground fire hydrant of the Moscow type, these hydrants are still used in almost all cities of the Russian Federation.

An underground fire hydrant consists of the following main parts (see Fig. 1):

body (4), branch pipe (8), valve (12), nipple (2) with thread for screwing the stander, rod (3) with a square head. To avoid damage to the thread, the nipple is closed with a hinged cap (1).

The lower part of the rod (3) enters the sleeve (5) connected to the spindle (6), which passes through the threaded bushing (9) of the valve body (10). A ball valve (12) is connected to the valve body (10) in the recess of which a rubber seal (11) is placed. In the lower part of the branch pipe (8) there is a hole for draining water at the end of the hydrant operation.

Biography

Zimin also developed designs for water pipelines in Tsaritsyn, Samara, Rybinsk, Tobolsk, Tambov, and Shuya. He presented his project of the Nizhny Novgorod water pipeline at the All-Russian Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod. In 1905, the construction of a water pipeline designed by Zimin began in Perm.

Zimin also created the design of the most common fire hydrant PG-5 or, as it is called, the Moscow-type underground fire hydrant, these hydrants are still used in almost all cities of the Russian Federation.

In 1909, at the age of 60, Nikolai Petrovia Zimin died.

Literature

Materials for resolving the issue of the construction of new water pipelines in Moscow / [Coll.] Inzh.-mekh. Imp. Moscow tech. student of Nikolai Zimin, head. out of town. parts of Moscow. water pipes G 79/134 G 59/107 Moscow: type. A. Klein, 1877
Mytishchensky surveys of 1877 before the court of mining engineer. Babina / [Coll.] N.P. Zimina Moscow: type. A. Klein, 1878
Constructor: A guide to the design of machines for mechanical engineers, builders, manufacturers and technicians. and real schools / Prof. Relo, dir. Korolev. Prom. acad. in Berlin; From 3 carefully processed. and additional ed. per. and ed., ed. prof. Tech. uch-shcha, engineer-mekh. E. Zotikov, P. Teterev and N. Zimin, members. Polytechnic, comp. at Moscow. tech. study of the island of Moscow, 1881
On the preliminary projects for the water supply of the city of Tambov / [Coll.] Inzh. N. Zimina [Moscow]: type. A. Klein,
Note on the drafting of a project for the installation of a new water supply in Moscow / [Coll.] Head. Moscow plumbing eng. N. Zimina Moscow: type. A. Klein, 1882
Forced clarification on the article "Water supply of Moscow", the chairman of the Moscow Water Supply Commission, engineer-technologist F. Popov, placed in No. 184 and 185 of the Moscow News, 1883 / [Coll.] Inzh. N. Zimina, head. Moscow water pipes Moscow: type. A. Klein, 1883
Supplying the city of Moscow with water and protecting it from fires: Preliminary. project eng. N. Zimina, head. Moscow water pipelines Moscow: Gor. type., 1883
Protection against fires of factories, plants and other large buildings: A new way of fire-fighting. water pipes for large buildings / [Coll.] Ing. N. Zimina, head. Moscow water pipes Moscow: type. A. Klein, 1883
Preliminary project for the transformation of the Moscow water pipeline: (Two options) / [Coll.] Ing. N. Zimina, head. Moscow water pipelines Moscow: Mosk. mountains type., 1883

After graduating from the Imperial Moscow Technical School in 1873 with a gold medal, Nikolai Petrovich received the title of mechanical engineer. In 1875, Zimin, as a junior technician, got a job at the Moscow water supply system. After some time, he gets a promotion, in connection with which he is now in charge of all wells and pumping stations. A little later, he became the chief engineer. In 1882, under his leadership, the Preobrazhensky water pipeline was built.

In 1884-1893, he designed and built a new Mytishchi water pipeline. At the same time, he faces some problems in the adoption of the project by the City Duma. Based on his calculations, Zimin proposes to supply 43 thousand cubic meters of water per day, but the merchants and industrialists from the City Duma did not believe him and invited foreign engineers. One of them, the Saxon Henoch, concluded that up to 110 thousand cubic meters of water per day can be supplied, and the other, the German engineer Sahlbach, came to the same conclusion in his calculations. Zimin continued to insist on his point of view, and then the Russian Technical Society was connected to the project. The commission of this society confirmed the erroneous conclusions of foreign engineers, but also calculated only 18 thousand cubic meters of water per day. But the productivity of the Mytishchi springs, as we can judge now, was most correctly calculated by Zimin, in addition, this is their ultimate productivity.

In 1885, a decision was made to build the Mytishchi water pipeline. Zimin, Dunker and Zabaev were appointed responsible. The construction of the Mytishchi water pipeline took about three years, and at the end of 1892 it was launched. The total length of the new water pipeline was 110 km. In addition to engineering projects, Zimin actively opposed the City Duma on the issue of water supply management. The city duma was going to give the management of the water supply to the Germans, but Zimin insisted that foreigners would earn money here, but not work for quality. In the end, they listened to his point of view.

In 1895, Nikolai Petrovich informed the authorities that the growth of the city entailed a shortage of water, therefore, in his opinion, the only way out of the emerging problem would be the construction of a new water pipeline on the Moscow River. In the same year, 115 thousand rubles were allocated for the study of the best water pipes in Europe and America. Zimin also went on a business trip abroad. It was Zimin who, in 1898, insisted on the construction of a water intake structure and a pumping station of the first lift on the banks of the Moskva River. In 1900-1901, under the leadership of Nikolai Petrovich, the project of the Moskvoretsky water pipeline was finally developed. On December 26, 1901, a test supply of water was made from the Rublevskaya water pumping station to the Vorobyevsky reservoir.

In 1902, all the main water supply facilities were ready. And then, due to disagreements with the city administration in the field of technical equipment for filters, Zimin resigned. He single-handedly tried to convince the rest of the effectiveness of American filters, but other specialists, supported by the City Council, insisted on the English version (already in 1904, during the flood, English filters turned out to be unsuitable).

Zimin also developed projects for water pipelines in Tsaritsyn, Samara, Rybinsk, Tobolsk, Tambov and Shuya. He presented his project of the Nizhny Novgorod water pipeline at the All-Russian Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod. In 1905, the construction of a water pipeline designed by Zimin began in Perm.

Cities are not only attractions in the form of architectural monuments, but also the infrastructure that allows them to live.

This article will focus on the famous mechanical engineer Nikolai Petrovich Zimin, who developed and put into operation a number of large water pipelines in Moscow, and also left his invention to his descendants, which special services still use today. What are we talking about? We will talk about this at the end of this story.

Nikolai Petrovich Zimin was born in 1849 in the Novgorod province. In 1873 he graduated from the Imperial Moscow Technical School (now Bauman Moscow State Technical University) with a gold medal and was awarded the rank of mechanical engineer.

In 1875, Nikolai Zimin went to work at Moscow Water Supply as a junior technician, but very soon he received a promotion: first, he directed the service for the operation of all city wells and pumping stations, and then was appointed chief engineer.

The Preobrazhensky water pipeline was built under the leadership of Zimin in 1882.

In the period from 1884 to 1893, he first designs and then supervises the construction of a new Mytishchi water pipeline in every sense. Interestingly, during the construction of this water artery, Nikolai Petrovich encountered small-town blockheads.

So, according to his calculations, this water supply system could supply 43 thousand m3 of water to Moscow during the day, but the assessors of the City Duma from among the merchants and industrialists, counting on more, did not believe him. European engineers Henoch and Salbach were invited as experts, who in their calculations showed the possibility of supplying 110 thousand m3.

To resolve the dispute, experts from the Russian Technical Society were involved, who refuted the conclusion of foreigners, but, ultimately, they themselves were mistaken, indicating only 18,000 m3 / day.

Time put everything in its place. Both then and today, the Mytishchi springs can supply the maximum volume, which corresponded to Zimin's calculations made more than 100 years ago.

The Mytishchi water pipeline was launched in 1892. Its total length was about 110 kilometers. In addition to Nikolai Zimin, engineers Dunker and Zabaev were responsible for the construction.

In 1895, engineer Zimin Nikolai Petrovich warned the authorities about the impending shortage of water in the city, which could occur due to population growth. In his opinion, this problem could be solved only by creating a water intake lift on the Moscow River.

The City Duma allocated about 115,000 rubles and sent Russian engineers, including Zimin, to Europe and America to study the best city water pipelines in these territories at that time.

The talented engineer resigned due to disagreements with other specialists regarding the installation of certain filters at the Moskvoretsky water intake. Zimin insisted on American, others - on English. As always, he was right, because in the flood that happened on the Moscow River in 1904, the English filters quickly became clogged and became unusable.

And finally, about the invention mentioned at the beginning of the article.

Engineer Zimin developed a reliable fire hydrant design, which many experts know as PG-5. This device is still used in settlements Russian Federation and the post-Soviet space. In the lower photographs you can see an underground hydrant of the so-called Moscow type near a house in

The first city water supply system in Moscow was put into operation only in 1805, in other cities water supply systems were put into operation later: in Kaluga in 1807, in Nizhny Novgorod in 1848, in St. Petersburg in 1861. However, for a long time city water supply systems could not significantly affect the fight against fires, since it was not possible to use water directly from the city network. The solution to this problem in the 80s of the XIX century was proposed by the Russian engineer and public figure N.P. Zimin.

Nikolai Petrovich Zimin(1849, Kirillov, Novgorod province - 1909) - Russian mechanical engineer, public figure. Creator of the first fire water supply system in Russia, the first fire hydrant and stander. The developer of the project of the Mytishchi water supply system, the Rublyovskaya water supply station, the initiator of the connection of the Mytishchi and Moskvoretsky water pipelines in 1907.

Nikolai Petrovich Zimin, having graduated from the Imperial Moscow Technical School in 1873 with a gold medal, received the title of mechanical engineer.

Zimin's activities were very diverse. He not only improved the water supply of Moscow, but also advanced the water supply business throughout Russia, participating in the drafting and construction of water pipes in many Russian cities. NP Zimin is known not only as a plumber, but also as an initiator and promoter of the use of urban and industrial water pipes to extinguish fires. He devoted more than twenty-five years of his life to this cause. With his characteristic energy, Zimin wrote reports for congresses of firefighters, insurance and plumbing workers, published brochures in which he argued the need for convergence of plumbing, fire and insurance business. He paid special attention to the installation of fire-fighting water pipes. He recommended, when calculating the network of pipes, to add a certain amount of water in case of extinguishing a fire.

In 1882, under his leadership, the Preobrazhensky water supply pipeline was built three versts long with 25 fire hydrants .. In the same year, he received from the patent office a priority for the invention, which consisted in combining the functions of an external fire escape and a fire-fighting water pipeline equipped with exhaust valves in one design at the levels of the respective floors of the building.

In 1883, Nikolai Petrovich submitted to the Moscow City Council the "Project for supplying the city of Moscow with water and protecting it from fires", in which he developed the conditions for extinguishing a fire without the help of fire pipes. According to the project, from eight nearby fire hydrants it was possible to receive 50 buckets of water per minute in the form of free streams with a height of at least 12 sazhens (25.5 m). The city's pipe network was divided into six parts with independent pumping stations to increase the water pressure during fire fighting. Three years later, he also created a water supply system with 15 fire hydrants to protect temporary shopping malls on Red Square, and a little later, a fire water supply system for university clinics on Devichye Pole.

In 1884, Russian engineers Shukhov, Knorre and Lembke were instructed to conduct new surveys in the Yauza basin, which includes the Mytishchi springs, and draw up a project for the construction of a new, expanded Mytishchi water pipeline. Such studies, carried out in 1887-1888, confirmed that 1.5 million buckets per day could be taken from the Mytishchi springs.
In 1884-1893, Nikolai Petrovich designed and built a new Mytishchi water pipeline. At the same time, he faces some problems in the adoption of the project by the City Duma. Based on his calculations, Zimin proposes to supply 43,000 cubic meters of water per day, but merchants and industrialists from the City Duma did not believe him and invited foreign engineers. One of them, the Saxon Henoch, concluded that up to 110 thousand cubic meters of water per day can be supplied, and the other, the German engineer Sahlbach, came to the same conclusion in his calculations. Zimin continued to insist on his point of view, and then the Russian Technical Society was connected to the project. The commission of this society confirmed the erroneous conclusions of foreign engineers, it was decided to expand the water supply to this capacity, without resorting to concessionaires, but also calculated only 18 thousand cubic meters of water per day. But the productivity of the Mytishchi springs, as we can judge now, was most correctly calculated by Zimin, in addition, this is their ultimate productivity.
Russian engineers N. P. Zimin, K. G. Dunker and A. P. Zabaev were appointed builders, the mayor N. A. Alekseev supervised the construction, and general supervision of the construction of the water supply was entrusted to a special government commission headed by a major engineer I. I. Rerberg.
It was decided to expand the water pipeline to this capacity without resorting to concessionaires. Russian engineers N. P. Zimin, K. G. Dunker and A. P. Zabaev were appointed builders, the mayor N. A. Alekseev supervised the construction, and general supervision of the construction of the water supply was entrusted to a special government commission headed by a major engineer I. I. Rerberg.
In 1892, a new water supply system was put into operation. Instead of Sukhareva, water towers were built near the Krestovskaya Zastava. Water in them came from the Alekseevskaya intermediate station, from the towers - directly into the city network and was distributed by gravity throughout the city. The new Mytishchi water pipeline in Moscow, with a network of pipes 108 versts (110 km) long, was equipped with fire hydrants throughout the network every 50 sazhens. The fire-fighting water supply of the capital has improved significantly since that time. It became possible to extinguish fires with jets of water directly from the water supply.

In addition to engineering projects, Zimin actively opposed the City Duma on the issue of water supply management. The city duma was going to give the management of the water supply to the Germans, but Zimin insisted that foreigners would earn money here, but not work for quality. In the end, they listened to his point of view.

The originality of the water pipes of the Zimin system consisted in the use of special valves (valves), through which, when the pressure in the network increased, household water consumption was automatically turned off and the entire water flow could be used to fight fire. The hose connected to the fire hydrant could supply up to 300 buckets of water per minute. So, for example, in Samara for the period 1877-1886, when water was delivered by barrels, each fire caused damage in the amount of 4 thousand 105 rubles. When the Zimin system was introduced in the city in 1886, during the six years of operation of such a water supply system, the damage from one fire averaged 1,827 rubles.
In 1895, Nikolai Petrovich informed the authorities that the growth of the city entailed a shortage of water, therefore, in his opinion, the only way out of the emerging problem would be the construction of a new water pipeline on the Moscow River. In the same year, 115 thousand rubles were allocated for the study of the best water pipes in Europe and America. Zimin also went on a business trip abroad.

Zimin determined the required dimensions water pipes, developed types of valves, fire hydrants, wells. He also invented the fire hydrant. He conducted extensive research on the study of pressure losses in pipes, fire hoses, in free jets. He took part in the N.E. Zhukovsky experiments on the Moscow water supply to study water hammer - a phenomenon that the "father of Russian aviation" established and calculated in 1898. Nikolai Petrovich outlined measures to ensure the serviceability of the fire-fighting water supply. The special valves developed by Zimin, when the pressure in the water supply network increased, made it possible to turn off the economic consumption of water and use its entire volume to extinguish the fire.
Zimin received privileges on the fire-fighting topic of water supply in France, Germany, Great Britain, Belgium, Russia, and the USA. The invention consisted in installing a device on the fire water supply network that ensures the supply of water to fire hydrants by taps at high pressure, sufficient to successfully extinguish the fire. At his suggestion, underground fire hydrants were mounted (on fire stands) on the fire water pipeline laid along the streets every 40-60 fathoms. These hydrants were subsequently standardized (GOST 8220) and, with minor design changes (the unloading valve was excluded), are still produced by the domestic industry - the PG-5 hydrant, or, as it is called, the Moscow-type underground fire hydrant.

It was Zimin who, in 1898, insisted on the construction of a water intake structure and a pumping station of the first lift on the banks of the Moskva River. In 1900-1901, under the leadership of Nikolai Petrovich, the project of the Moskvoretsky water pipeline was finally developed. On December 26, 1901, a test supply of water was made from the Rublevskaya water pumping station to the Vorobyevsky reservoir. In 1902, all the main water supply facilities were ready. And then, due to disagreements with the city administration in the field of technical equipment for filters, Zimin resigned. He single-handedly tried to convince the others of the effectiveness of American filters, but other specialists, supported by the City Council, insisted on the English version (already in 1904, during the flood, English filters turned out to be unsuitable)
Zimin also developed projects for water pipelines in Tsaritsyn, Samara, Rybinsk, Tobolsk, Tambov and Shuya. He presented his project of the Nizhny Novgorod water pipeline at the All-Russian Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod. In 1905, the construction of a water pipeline designed by Zimin began in Perm.

Zimin also suggested using 3-inch hemp rubberized fire hoses for extinguishing fires, equipped with connecting heads with three-hook instant splices of the Grether system (then Roth), developed the principle of laying the hoses, excluding their twisting into a spiral (first in half, then rolled up, starting from the middle) .

In 1909, at the age of 60, Nikolai Petrovia Zimin died.

Proceedings of N.P. Zimina had importance to improve the efficiency of fire extinguishing. His work is not outdated today.