There is an opinion that spelling literacy is an innate trait. But in practice, it turns out that linguistic flair is characteristic of those who read a lot since childhood. Therefore, we can conclude that literacy is an acquired quality, it can be developed, and the easiest way to do this is from a young childhood. We will tell you how to improve the literacy of the Russian language in a child by grades 2-3.

In order to train the rules for writing words, the child uses three centers:
eyes - to see the written or printed word and visually memorize it;
ears - perceive the word by ear, pronounce it, listen to the sound;
hand - write down the word and fix it in memory.

If an environment has been created in the house in which the child constantly uses his native language and develops spelling vigilance, then the transition from children's postcards signed block letters“Mom, congratulations on the holidays!” before school dictations, written in "four" and "five", takes place in a gradual and relaxed manner. Several effective ways can help with this.

Reading

Doesn't exist too early age to start reading. Listening to poems and fairy tales, the baby perceives and copies the sounds of his native speech. Thanks to the alphabet with bright pictures, children develop visual associations with which letters certain words begin. Starting to read independently, the child expands vocabulary, sees the correct spelling of words many times and automatically remembers it, so sometimes in the future it will be enough to close your eyes and imagine a word printed on paper to make sure its spelling is correct. Therefore, the book should still be one of the best gifts for children.

Solving crosswords

Start with crossword puzzles in children's magazines, where pictures with numbers are drawn instead of word tasks. Nothing if at first the child will incorrectly enter unstressed vowels into the cells. Give him a “write-erase” pen and tell him how the right word is actually written.

Oral word games

On the road, in line, when you need to wait for a word game - an interesting way to pass the time, as well as an exciting speech training. Examples of such games are:

Rhymes;
words (similar to the game of "cities");
name a word that begins with the syllable "pa", "lo", "tu" and so on;
make up a sentence from words that begin with the same letter, for example, "The fox catches the frog" or "The ball interferes with the sailor."

A lot of communication

Parental speech for children is the main set of rules mother tongue, therefore, it depends on the adults in the family how the child will emphasize the words “ringing” or “cakes”. If you notice that he makes the same speech error, carefully correct it in the response sentence.

- Mom, where do they put the forks?
- Forks are placed in the top drawer of the table.

If you use words correctly and communicate a lot in the family on various topics, then even the inevitable speech errors from others will not be passed on to your children.

Word games on paper

Snake - write down as long a chain of words as possible, where each subsequent word begins with the last letter of the previous one;
gallows or "Field of Miracles";
confusion - make words from mixed cards with letters;
making many small words out of one big one.

Entertainment using letters

Involve words and letters in joint games with children.

Draw small comics on a topic that the children are currently passionate about (insects, Lego, fairies): homemade comics are often an incentive for independent reading;
invite the child to come up with and write a picture book and a little story together;
make collages with cutting out words from newspaper and magazine headlines;
make bracelets from wooden or plastic beads with letters;
make a home decoration with a word that describes your family - letters can be written, for example, on beautiful sea stones.

Posters on the wall

In a house where there are children, a poster with the alphabet often hangs on the wall so that the kids pay attention to it and learn the letters. In the same way, it is possible to ensure the visibility of the spelling of other words and terms. Bookstores offer a variety of posters on various topics: flowers and animals, transportation, sports, geometric shapes etc. Correlating the visual image with the spelling of the word, the child from childhood remembers how it is spelled.

Scrabble

The world-famous board game "Scrabble", as well as its Russian version - "Erudite", develop linguistic logic. Other notable word-building board games include Boggle and Tick Tock Boom.

Mnemonic memorization of rules

Children do not like to learn the rules, but they are always interested in playing and joking. Mnemonics offers to facilitate the memorization of rules with the help of rhyme, associations, creation of visual and sound images. Notable mnemonic examples:

Not wonderful, not beautiful, but terrible and dangerous to write the letter t in vain;
Already married unbearable;
I put on clothes, I put on Nadezhda;
That, something, either, something - do not forget the hyphen.

Tell the children about these and other examples so that remembering some of the rules and exceptions does not seem boring and difficult for them.

Dictionaries

A spelling dictionary is a necessary book in every student's home. But in addition to turning to professional dictionaries, it is also useful to have a personal dictionary for words that cause difficulties. By typing 7-10 of these words, children can:

Write little dictations with them;

Make a crossword puzzle out of them;
write down a particularly difficult word with all the colors of the rainbow;
play "find the mistake" or "fill in the missing letter".

Cheating exercises, as well as morphological and phonetic analysis will be offered to children at school in in large numbers in native language classes. And at home, on the parental side, it is desirable to maintain a favorable atmosphere where reading, talking about literature and Mind games with words - a natural and beloved part of life.

"On a boardwalk terrace, the notorious freckled Agrippina Savvichna regaled the collegiate assessor Apollo Ippolitovich with vinaigrette, clams and other dishes." This tricky dictation was written, proving their literacy, even by our grandmothers. As a rule, very few people managed to do without mistakes the first time. But the examinees for the rest of their lives memorized the spelling of those words that they could not cope with. Today, children need to first translate a passage from classical Russian into modern Russian. Because, philology teachers assure, the vocabulary of today's children and adolescents is rapidly declining.

Recently, in one of the Moscow schools, eleventh graders, writing down a passage from dictation, instead of "Griboyedov fought obscurantists" wrote "with rokobes". For "rock" and "demons" are still somehow understandable, but no one has heard of "obscurantists". As well as about "threshing" or, say, about "brochure".

So if you want to raise a literate child, the first thing to do is inspect your home bookshelves: after all, besides spelling dictionary ed. V.V. Lopatin, it would be nice to settle on them, at least, also dictionary, and orthoepic. And, of course, teach the child to use them.

But back to the unforgettable freckled Agrippina: it turns out that the relevance of the text remains to this day. After all, almost every word in this dictation is for some specific rule.

Judge for yourself:

• "blocked" - suffix -chat- (the suffix -chat- does not exist);
• "Notorious" - spelled together, because it can be replaced by a synonym for "famous". And after Russian prefixes on consonants, instead of and it is written exactly s;
• "treated" - if in the 1st person the verb ends in -th (I treat), then choose the suffix -eva-.

Well, let alone the spelling of such names and patronymics as Agrippina Savvichna and Apollon Ippolitovich, one must know for sure, because today old names are in great fashion. So in 20 years this knowledge may come in handy when you have to apply in writing to partners, colleagues, and even more so to superiors.

Where are the literate?

"Recently, a 5th-year student of the philological faculty of a well-known and respected university came to our practice. Her summary for the first lesson began like this:" Hello children "- without a comma!" - the director of the Moscow school says indignantly.

And many are ready to share this indignation. After all, to say that universal literacy is falling is even somehow trite. Why is all this happening and what to do about it?

Reasons for illiteracy:

1. The first, which is always called by teachers, psychologists and sociologists, is the absence of the habit of reading. And not only children and teenagers do not read, but everyone in general. Or they read, but that's not it: in the "literary waste paper" you will not only find samples of literate speech - there, even with proofreading, things are very bad.
2. Internet communication also makes its contribution: the abbreviations adopted there, slang, careless handling of spelling are involuntarily transferred to normal written speech.
3. We have to state the deterioration of training in schools and universities.
4. Much depends on the fact that the parents are looking for the problem in the wrong place. The child receives a deuce in Russian, and he is scolded for laziness. He can’t connect two words, but he is shoved with all his might into a strong class with a complicated program: they say, it’s better to be lagging behind than in the usual middle class. And as a result, possible speech therapy problems are triggered, which tend to manifest themselves, including as illiteracy.

Reason is disease

So, in the pursuit of literacy, the first thing to do is to show the future student to a speech therapist. And the sooner, the better.

“By the age of four,” says speech therapist Olga Kovalevskaya, “you can determine whether the child is at risk. And this is exactly the age when the treatment will be most effective.”

What should alert parents and become a reason to go to a specialist:

• the child does not pronounce all sounds clearly, replaces one with another (r - l, s - w);
• does not hear speech sounds(voiced - deaf, hard - soft, whistling - hissing);
• skips syllables in words: for example, instead of "ve-lo-si-ped" he says "ve-lo-ped";
• the baby has insufficiently developed fine motor skills (cannot tie shoelaces, fasten buttons, etc.);
• visual-spatial representations are insufficiently formed (cannot copy the image, confuses right - left, top - bottom, etc.).

Reading and writing disorders appear already by the middle of the 1st grade. For example, a dyslexic student rearranges or skips letters and sometimes syllables while reading aloud.

The myth of innate literacy

It happens that it is not possible to find a test word due to a meager vocabulary. But a speech therapist will no longer help with this problem - if children don’t read much, where does a rich vocabulary come from?

Respect for the book has been instilled since the age of 3. And it starts with how often the child sees mom and dad with a book. And how often and how much they read to him.

“Sometimes I hear a person boasting: “I never learned the rules, but I write without mistakes! I have innate literacy!” says psychologist Andrei Sokolov. congenital illiteracy. So, study - do not study, the result is the same? I'm afraid to upset those who believe in it, but the ability to write without errors is, after all, an acquired property. It's just acquired by those who seem to get it automatically, at an early age."

What is necessary for the so-called "innate literacy" to appear?

First, you need to have an excellent visual memory.

How to develop visual memory? There are many ways. Let's name the most common among them:

1. work with pictures "Find 10 differences";
2. game "What's missing?": lay out 7-10 items on the table, and when the child says that he remembered them all, ask him to turn away and remove something or rearrange it. The challenge is to determine what has changed;
3. one of the most effective exercises is to show a child a sheet of paper with simple figures or patterns and ask them to try to draw them from memory.

learning

Let's assume the best scenario: your child does not have any speech therapy problems, and the family has a cult of reading. All this does not mean that the child will become literate by itself. The process must be controlled and directed.

Before school

1. When reading aloud, pronounce all the words clearly.
2. Talk to your child more. Every time you read fairy tales, have a conversation: who the protagonist where he lives, what he does ... And make sure that the child does not answer in monosyllables, but builds sentences logically.

elementary School

1. In the 1st grade, we look at what words the child is mistaken in, and we always do work on the mistakes.
2. We set tasks: to find in the text, for example, proper names (including animal names, city names). We ask: "How would you write them?"
3. In the 2nd-3rd grade, everything is the same, but we ask you to find more and, for example, all adjectives. Or all words with an unstressed vowel, etc.
4. The so-called "letter with holes" is useful for consolidating what has been learned. That is, words in which stressed vowels and vowels in which the child is confident, let him write, and skip those in which he doubts. To think later, pick up test single-root words. For example, they say ... to. Check word "dairy". This is a great technique for developing self-control.
5. When you arrange home dictations, first be sure to read the text aloud and ask the child to close his eyes and, while listening, imagine what the text says. And only then start writing.

high school

1. The biggest mistake parents of frequently ill children (and most of them today) is to forget that homework- this is only a third of what students go through in the classroom. That is, just doing everything that was given at home is completely insufficient: you must also complete all the exercises that are in the textbook on the missed topic.

And generally speaking, Golden Rule an excellent student: it is not the most capable, but the most diligent who passes exams best of all. That is, someone who is not too lazy to perform the entire routine of daily tasks. Then the spelling rules will be followed automatically. Moreover, there are not so many really difficult ones among them. And if they are not given, you need to seek help from the teacher.

1. As in primary school, work on mistakes remains the most important weapon in the fight against illiteracy. It must be inevitable and mandatory! With a good teacher, all students start a special notebook where they write out the words in which they made mistakes. Then dictations are made from these words: it is quite enough to write them 2 times a week for 5 minutes.

Memoirs

A child with unpleasant persistence forgets the rules and sculpts a mistake on a mistake? It is very difficult not to break loose and scold him at the same time. But you will have to restrain yourself: all the same, there will be no benefit from shouting, and intolerance in this matter is a bad helper. Believe me, the more fun the fight, the easier it is to win.

The Russian language is very logical. Let's take for example the same Agrippina Savvichna: what does she have on her nose - freckles or freckles? And it is immediately clear why it is written "freckled". An experienced teacher knows: if children laugh at a mistake, they will surely remember the correct spelling of the word for the future.

And how to remember all the deaf consonants? Try to memorize s - t - p - k - x - h - w - u - c - f. Difficult, right? Attention - we turn on the fantasy, and now: "Stepka, do you want a cabbage? - Fi!" They are all there and easy to remember.

And, for example, the phrase "Zosya is waiting" includes all consonants, after which the suffix -chik- should be placed.

Not sure how to spell "men" and "women"? Turn on the Domostroy logic: "husband - rank, wife - cabbage soup." You definitely can't go wrong! Usually children are delighted with such pedagogical tricks.

Discussion

02.12.2017 15:36:44, Rezada

Very good and instructive article. It will be very useful for young mothers, and not only for them, but for many others who want their children to study well and know their native language.

Comment on the article "Russian language: how to become literate. 9 ways and fun memoirs"

Russian language: how to become literate. 9 ways and fun memorabilia. How to learn school curriculum in Russian quickly. Rules of the Russian language, schoolchild literacy. That is, simply doing everything that was given at home is completely insufficient: you must ...

Russian language: how to become literate. 9 ways and fun memorabilia. 9 ways and fun memorabilia. Mnemonics. The same principle lies in the use of the phrase "Ivan gave birth to a girl, ordered to drag the diaper" as an excellent means of remembering ...

In a month and a half, I learned Russian like never before at school, admired every lesson - the subject at a strong school was a failure from the very beginning - phonetic parsing already from the age of six they trained until they turned blue, and then from 4 ...

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Section: Textbooks (the best book of the rules of the Russian language). Advise a collection of rules in Russian for the beginning. Russian language: how to become literate. 9 ways and fun memorabilia.

Russian language: how to become literate. 9 ways and fun memorabilia. Russian language: a literate child - how? Rules of the Russian language: learn in the game. Eh, I see that you are confused about something. That's right, you have to start with your mother, if you want to learn Russian.

Russian language: how to become literate. 9 ways and fun memorabilia. Russian language: a literate child - how? Rules of the Russian language: learn in the game. It happens that it is not possible to find a test word due to a meager vocabulary.

Russian language: how to become literate. 9 ways and fun memorabilia. I have innate literacy!“, says psychologist Andrey Sokolov. - From this we can conclude that there is also congenital illiteracy.

Russian language: a literate child - how? Rules of the Russian language: learn in the game. Literacy of a student. This happened to my daughter at age 6. In my childhood, the language in a special school began to be taught in the second grade, that is, at the age of 8.

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Set to learn the rule over the weekend. To learn something learned, but there is no way to understand. In general, we don’t have much with Russian, but as far as analysis by composition, cases comes, and now we get to declensions, in general, get out, come. To be honest, I'm very nervous. Tell me something - a book ...

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Russian language: how to become literate. 9 ways and fun memorabilia. Attention - we turn on the fantasy, and now: “Stepka, do you want a cabbage? You can not know the rules of the Russian language and write correctly, but you can know and write somehow. Rules and literacy are different things.

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Between us speaking, any exercises that are done systematically will lead to results. To learn to write well b, you can buy a book to prepare for exams (there are a lot of them now) and methodically complete all the tasks from it. The old tried and true method. The result is guaranteed. The only question is that the books do not come with a harsh taskmaster who will force you to strain your brain and do difficult tasks every day. If this is about you, then take advantage of our tips.

We recommend that you do three simple, but very effective exercises which will take you only 10 minutes. But learning Russian in this way is a must every day. The exercises are so simple that even the laziest person can do them all the time. To learn to write correctly in Russian, it is not necessary to cram the rules, you can memorize the words themselves.

1. Write down in a notebook 8 - 12 phrases from the collection for cheating. Two files with specially selected phrases posted in our VKontakte group. Get started with this collection. Then you can write off phrases from collections of vocabulary dictations. This task will take you 2-3 minutes. Motor memory will help you remember how compound words are spelled. Some rules you grasp intuitively.

2. Take a fresh newspaper and work through one page. Your task is to highlight with a marker all the words in which you could make a mistake. Pay special attention to neologisms. If you come across unfamiliar words, google them and be sure to pay attention to the spelling. So you train your brain to pay attention to the spelling of words in the texts that you have to read. If you do not have big problems with reading technique, this task will take about three minutes.

3. From the same newspaper or any collection of dictations, and best of all, of course, from a collection of texts for spelling reading, read something for five minutes. It is necessary to read spelling, clearly pronouncing the syllables, aloud. So you train your brain to read by memorizing spelling. When this process is automated, in the future you will involuntarily perceive all the words that you meet, along with their spelling. Read more. To understand at what pace to read texts,.

Greetings, dear friends! Pavel Yamb is in touch. Despite the fact that, according to statistics, Russia is one of the most literate countries in the world, since almost all of its citizens can read and write, I very often come across such words as “sympathetic”, “birthday” or “birthday”, etc. .

Do you agree that well-written articles are more pleasant to read than text teeming with errors? It seems that at school everyone had lessons in Russian literature and language, but the majority, it seems, either lost the acquired skills or did not listen to the teacher at all. So how do you refresh your memory? How to "raise" literacy for a great, powerful adult? After all, smart people achieve success faster!

Let's first take a sober look at the situation, at what level is our literacy. Not satisfied? Let's start enriching knowledge.

What and how to read?

One of the ways to become a Russian language guru, which we are constantly advised to do, is to read more. On the one hand, it’s right: when you read a lot, you remember more words and know how they are spelled. However, not all literature is equally useful. The best option for useful reading is the classics. Lots of interesting works were not included in the school curriculum, we read some of them in an abbreviated "demo" version, while others were forgotten, so pleasant emotions are guaranteed. For example, from textbooks, the only thing that I remember is The Master and Margarita.

There is such a technique as spelling reading. Its principle is that children are taught to read as it is written, and not as it is customary to say. Particular attention is paid to long and complex words that are pronounced in syllables. In this case, auditory memory is connected to visual memory. This is how we quickly remember how words are spelled. Then, using the “like-dislike” method, you can intuitively determine how an unfamiliar word is spelled.

While reading, you will feel the style, see the compatibility of words, and expand your vocabulary. What if not reading contributes to this?!

Desk book? Vocabulary!

Raising the level of literacy is not a matter of one day or even a few months. If you decide to thoroughly improve your literacy, then your reference book should be a dictionary of the Russian language. At the slightest uncertainty in the correct spelling, you must refer to it. Met an unfamiliar word? Also open the dictionary, learn the meaning and how to write. Another good way replenishing your vocabulary.

Don't be afraid that voluminous volumes will fill the room. After all, electronic versions of all dictionaries are freely available on the Internet. Here, dic.academic.ru.

At modern people there is also an opportunity to improve literacy online with the help of special resources. For example, there is such a useful service - Gramota.ru, with explanations, rules, reference materials. We go to the site, type a dubious word in a line, press Enter - and the correct answer is in front of our eyes. Conveniently! And this is not the only site of its kind.

Take a look at resources such as:

• Total Dictation is a complete online school, everything is free;
• "True Words"– mother tongue courses for children of primary and high school, linguistic games, online olympiads. The service is paid, but it is possible to try the free version;
• "I can write"– Russian language lessons, paid, free courses, webinars, textbooks, tests;
• "Education in Russian"– free interactive textbooks, online platforms for learning Russian as a foreign language;
• "Write live" – free course, which will help rid your texts of verbal garbage;
• textologia.ru – online magazine about the Russian language and literature.

We play and improve literacy

Do you want to learn how to write articles and make money online? Right now I am recruiting for free education according to the author's method. SIGN UP WITH PAVEL YAMBU

You can learn literacy easily and playfully. Do you like to solve crossword puzzles? Perfectly! So, learn new words and remember how they are spelled. Word puzzles, tests, anagrams, charades, rebuses also perfectly develop our intellectual abilities.

If you can’t achieve good results on your own, attend literacy courses. With the help of experts, things will go much faster. These courses are also available online.

There are also services-assistant to improve literacy, for example, Tutoronline.ru. Leave a request and study with a Russian language or literature tutor via Skype.

Compliance with the requirements of the Russian language is mandatory by default in any field. So, we remember or learn the rules. In the case when the work is checked before sending, then why not ask him to report each violation language norms? Learned the rule - increased literacy. If you act like this all the time, you will be able to compete with the inspector.

But not everyone has a colleague proofreader. Then your salvation is textbooks. Don't be lazy, open them often, read the rules yourself!

Today - dictation

In my opinion this The best way literacy as soon as possible. You don't even need helpers. interactive dictations to insert missing punctuation and spelling on the net is enough. The benefits are twofold: interesting and informative.

Write!

Write every day, so you will increase the level of literacy in the near future, develop the skill of recognizing mistakes at the level of intuition. Constantly, a lot, interesting! Innate literacy not everyone can boast, you have to work hard to get such a useful advantage. The more we write, the fewer mistakes we make. Proven in practice!

There is another way to increase the knowledge of the language as calligraphic writing. Calligraphic handwriting develops concentration, helps to fix the phrase in memory and even remember the rule! Write slowly - this method also works when typing on a computer. Think, not rush at full speed.

Interestingly, the original erroneous spelling sticks in memory. A persistent skill of writing with errors appears. To get rid of it, you have to write the word correctly at least a hundred times. After about a hundred repetitions at one time, I stopped writing “Hello” - I constantly skipped the letter “v” at the skill level.

You know, even without being super literate, you can make good money. The higher your knowledge of the language, the higher the earnings.

Audiobooks

Are you familiar with the expression "a comma is asking here"? The logic of presentation, the rhythm of the sentence suggest that a punctuation mark is needed here. To feel this rhythm, listen to audiobooks, pay attention to the spoken phrases. So you will learn to determine in which places the “comma is asking for”.

Situations out of the ordinary

Unfortunately, or fortunately, the Russian language is actually very flexible. If a keyword customer found an error, do not rush to correct. It is possible that this is a special requirement, that is, as it should be. The reason is simple. Search queries are typed with errors by most of the Internet users. When the number of misspelled requests increases noticeably, some webmasters use such words as keywords.

Some statistics

According to statistics, the Russian language consists of approximately 500,000 words. But in Everyday life we only use about 3000.

According to textologia.ru, a student's vocabulary is 2000 - 5000 words, an adult owns 5000 - 8000 thousand words, an adult who has received higher education has about 10,000 in reserve, and 50,000 are available to the erudite.

So, to summarize, how to quickly increase the level of literacy:

1. Read a lot, especially classical literature.
2. Look into the dictionary often, both in volumes and on the Internet.
3. Let online resources like Gramota.ru become your friends.
4. Solve crosswords, charades, puzzles.
5. If you cannot achieve results on your own, study with a tutor.
6. Attend literacy courses.
7. Write.
8. Listen to audiobooks!

And for now you. Pavel Yamb was with you. Be literate, write comments on this article without errors :)

P.s. What words are you having trouble with?

And here's a cool tip for today's topic: