Maintaining discipline is a difficult task, and not everyone will be able to cope with this task. A bunch of restless kids can drive anyone crazy and destroy a school in a matter of minutes. That is why punishments were invented, and we will talk about the most terrible today.

China

In China, negligent students were punished by beating their hands with a bamboo twig. It just seems not scary if you don’t know how many times schoolchildren received it ... The most interesting thing is that parents only supported this method of raising children. It was canceled just 50 years ago.

United Kingdom

In the UK, schoolchildren were put on peas. Yes, this tradition originated from there, and quickly reached us, we also practiced such a punishment. They put bare knees on scattered peas. Believe me, it does not hurt only the first 30 seconds, and Russian schoolchildren sometimes stood on peas for 4 hours. Corporal punishment was abolished only in 1986.

Japan

That's who is experienced in torture, so it's the Japanese. They had many punishments, but the most brutal were these two: to stand with a porcelain cup on your head, straightening one leg at a right angle to the body and lying on two stools, holding on to them only with your palms and toes, that is, in fact, it turns out between stools.
In addition, there are no cleaners in Japanese schools, punished students are cleaned there.

Nepal

Nepal. The most terrible punishment there is when a boy is dressed in a woman's dress and, depending on the degree of fault, is forced to walk in it from one to 5 days. In fact, girls in Nepal are not sent to schools, they are considered only a burden and they are fed very poorly. Boys can not stand such a diet and begin to ask for forgiveness on about the second day.

The change of political moods in the country almost always immediately reflected on school programs and literature textbooks. But now a new, more dangerous trend has been added to this: to simplify the lists for mandatory reading out of an imaginary concern for our children, who allegedly find it very difficult to master complex and long texts like "War and Peace" or "Crime and Punishment", and therefore they generally stop pick up any book. By the same logic, then in mathematics you can stop at the multiplication table. After all, calculating logarithms is difficult. And where are we going? Obviously, to complete degradation and loss of culture.

About how literature has changed at school and why it is impossible to allow simplification of programs, argues Alexey Fedorov, teacher of literature at Moscow Gymnasium No. 1516, Candidate of Philology:

Songs about the Petrel are not sung

Yulia Borta, AiF.ru: Alexey Vladimirovich, what works have left the school curriculum, and which ones were added to it?

Alexey Fedorov: Compulsory reading lists have changed not only in the last 30 years, but also throughout the 19th century, when they first appeared, and in the 20th century, of course. Reader lists largely reflected the process of the gradual formation of Russian classics, the school literary canon. If we consider the last few decades (“what, what we have witnessed”), we can identify two main trends. The first is ideological. After the events that changed public attitude to the Soviet heritage, of the writers of the 18th-19th centuries, Radishchev and Chernyshevsky suffered first of all. Now, in most school literature programs, Radishchev, if at all, is presented in small fragments from Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow, and Chernyshevsky with the novel What Is to Be Done? in fact, remained only in the programs of in-depth study of literature. Meanwhile, these authors are interesting and important for many reasons. Their works had a serious impact on the mindset of contemporaries, and on literary creativity Russian classics. It is, of course, better to study the novels of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy, having an idea of ​​the theories with which they argued; to get acquainted with the genre of anti-utopia (from Saltykov-Shchedrin to Zamyatin) without knowing a single example of the "primary" genre - utopia - is at least strange. In addition, I will share a personal teaching belief: both works, especially What Is to Be Done?, which are difficult to read, as a rule, turn out to be surprisingly interesting when discussed in the class.

The change in the ideological vector also affected the literature of the Soviet period. The novel "Mother" and all of Gorky's post-revolutionary work disappeared from the school curriculum. Children now read, at best, his early romantic stories and the play The Lower Depths. No one sings songs about Petrel and Falcon anymore. Mayakovsky is no longer a "poet of October", but a futurist, an experimenter in the field of verse, a creator of bright unusual images, etc. That is why children do not know either the poem “Good”, “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin”, or poems about the Soviet passport. Pass "Cloud in pants."

Disappeared from the compulsory program "Peter the Great" A.N. Tolstoy, “How the Steel Was Tempered” by N.A. Ostrovsky, "Rout" and "Young Guard" Fadeev. Emphasis in the study of Sholokhov has changed. AT Soviet time schoolchildren read "Virgin Soil Upturned", then it was quite reasonably replaced by "Quiet Flows the Don". But he is now in question.

- What did the "Quiet Don" not please?

- First of all, by its volume, but not only. According to many liberal educational reformers, there can be no work of genius written by a person of communist convictions. Therefore, the dusty theory of Sholokhov's plagiarism, long ago handed over to the archive, is again being launched into the media space ...

More poets

- And what in return?

- A holy place is never empty. And therefore, in the 11th grade, the “Silver Age” grows for almost half a year. Previously, the program had three key figures of this period: Blok, Mayakovsky and Yesenin, the great Russian poets of the 20th century, who actually outgrew the “Silver Age”. Now poets of the second row have been added to them, schoolchildren are immersed in various trends and schools of this complex and colorful period: acmeism, ego-futurism, imagism and others. In addition, with the same detail (as Blok, Mayakovsky, Yesenin), it is now proposed to study Akhmatova, and Tsvetaev, and Pasternak, and Mandelstam. As a rule, without regard to the fact that their poetry often requires serious philological and general cultural preparation from the reader.

All this looks especially strange against the backdrop of recent loud statements about the need (or desirability) of removing War and Peace and Dostoevsky from the school curriculum. In general, if you focus solely on the degree of complexity, then only texts created specifically for children should be left in the school curriculum. Almost all classics are difficult works written for adults. Before understanding these works, one can (and should!) grow throughout one's life. And school is the first step in comprehending this. richest world. Figuratively speaking, if you don’t “get up” on this step at school, then later you can’t “jump” to the next step. After all, a classic is not something that I read, understood, calmed down, and forgot. This is what needs to be read. This is difficult reading. But the work of the soul should not be confused with boredom and senseless heaviness. Therefore, it is necessary to fight for the mandatory presence in the school curriculum of "War and Peace" and "Crime and Punishment". Which (in passing, we note) is by no means more complicated than the Bible.

What other works have appeared?

- The program included emigrant writers who could not be in the Soviet school, from Shmelev to Solzhenitsyn. Here you can also name "returned" names: for a long time unpublished works by Bulgakov, Platonov, etc.

"But is that good?"

- Of course, if this does not happen through the principled “squeezing out” of everything “Soviet” in Russian literature. Albeit tragically torn, they are integral parts of our common cultural heritage. You can't just mechanically replace one with the other.

Simplify and have fun

What else has the emphasis shifted to? school literature?

- The second trend, in addition to the ideological one, is “unloading”. Repeatedly there are calls to “lighten up” the program, to give children smaller and simpler works. How can a poor schoolboy, who has never seen anything in his life besides comics and craves nothing but gadgets, be able to master one and a half thousand pages of "War and Peace"? The logic is simple: stop lying and imitating and accept the obvious fact that children don't read. Based on this fact, we will read with children (out loud) short stories, preferably written about them and for them, and written by modern authors, modern language. Why do they need The Captain's Daughter?

- And how do they treat modern writers now?

- Now we see an attempt to oppose modernity to the "archaic" classics. Place a bet on contemporary literature as the only way to get kids interested in reading again. The thesis is this: we discourage reading with a boring outdated “obligation”. But if you start reading with them something so easy-playful-fun-exciting-topical-relevant, then everything will be different ... But this is self-deception. And false opposition. From mass culture and kitsch, they will never come to anything genuine. After Coca-Cola, they will not drink holy water, I apologize for such a comparison. And in order to understand serious modern literature, one must know the classics very well. Not vice versa.

The idea was repeatedly voiced to make the “golden canon” of school classics, our cultural foundation, optional for study. And invite the teacher to independently choose the works on which he will work out any reading skills with the students. And who it will be - Pushkin or Pelevin - allegedly does not matter. I really hope it doesn't come to that. In any case, the Society of Russian Literature, recently created and headed by the Patriarch, has declared one of the priority tasks of its activity to be precisely the protection of classical literature at school. A powerful tendency is taking shape to counter the rabid "innovations" in literary education. Without this, we run the risk of finally losing the hierarchy of values, the idea of ​​necessity and freedom, importance and secondary importance. Many educational documents have already "laid a mine" under our common cultural foundation. Existing lists of works are almost always accompanied by a disclaimer about their optional status, sort of like a condescending "help" for non-creative educators who are used to lists and instructions from above. And bold, uninhibited teachers can neglect this list.

- It seems to me, on the contrary, that courage lies in being able to convey “Crime and Punishment” to a child, discovering in it something relevant, consonant with children.

- Certainly! It is much easier to compose a school curriculum from works that are closer to the teacher himself, as a reader, than to fight the "textbook gloss" of well-known texts, to open them for the children so that they "pierce" to the core. They are trying to impose on us the position that the highest professionalism of a literature teacher is the ability to form your own list. But in fact, aerobatics is the ability, within the framework of the “golden canon” (these limits are not tight, they fit infinity), to read well-known works together with schoolchildren as new, relevant, necessary for everyone personally. And live these works together. So that there remains a need to return to them - later, after school, in a new adult, constantly changing life. Because thanks to classical works, we better understand the country in which we live, the people to which we belong. And themselves, as in a wonderful mirror reflected in every eternal book.

When a child crosses the school threshold, he begins new life. How to deal with the problems that arise after the first school bell? How to protect yourself and your child from the wrong and often illegal steps of the school administration? Let's try to answer some of the most common questions parents have.

What is written in the school charter?

I had a conflict with the administration of the school where my son is studying. Without going into details, I can say that it is connected with the construction of the program. The director began to refer to the charter, but I did not see it. Before enrollment, no one warned us that some new programs would be "run in" on children.

Article 16 of the Law on Education states: the school must familiarize the parents of the future student with their constituent documents and other materials regulating the educational process. First of all, parents should pay attention to the charter educational institution. It stipulates how, in what order children are admitted to school, the period of study, the procedure for assessing knowledge, how additional services are paid. The charter of the school must not contradict the Law on Education and other normative acts regulating the process of education. If a contradiction is nevertheless observed, then parents can challenge all illegal provisions (for example, on holding introductory exams when enrolling in the 1st class) in a judicial or administrative order.

Organization educational process at the school is built on the basis of the curriculum developed by it independently in accordance with the exemplary curriculum, and is regulated by the class schedule. The teaching loads of students should not exceed the norms of maximum allowable loads determined by the charter of the school based on recommendations agreed with health authorities. Duration school year in grades 1 lasts 30 weeks, in grades 2-11 (12) - at least 34 weeks. The duration of the holidays is set during the academic year at least 30 calendar days, in the summer - at least 8 weeks. For students in the first grades, additional weekly holidays are established throughout the year. Annual calendar study schedule developed and approved by the school itself.

Our school has a board of trustees. "Thanks" to his efforts, a free school can no longer be called. Monthly, we are charged rather large sums for certain needs. Is it legal?

The law allows parents of students to participate in the running of the school. The charter of an educational institution may permit the organization of boards of trustees at the school. This is one of the types of self-government by the school and one of the most effective ways to influence the parents and legal representatives of the child on the course of the educational process. In practice, such bodies deal with organizational and auxiliary matters.

Most often, it is the boards of trustees who collect money from the parents of students. In this case, it should be noted that such Contributions must be exclusively voluntary. Of course, the material support of today's schools, especially state ones, most often leaves much to be desired, but still this is not a reason for systematic extortion. Therefore, the board of trustees can organize the repair of the school, and not collect money for it and give it to the school management. This so-called target financing is much more effective than banal contributions. Financial activities advice should be completely transparent. You have every right to find out what the funds you deposited are spent on.

Let's go to school

In order to enroll a child in a school, and, mind you, a state school, they demanded no more than 3,000 USD from my acquaintances. It was necessary to pay immediately and in the hands of the director of the school. The child's family lived a five-minute drive from the school, but due to an unfortunate coincidence, the house was at the junction of district governments and the school was officially registered with another government. How legal is this situation, what should the parents have done?

Unfortunately, the situation is not unique. Firstly, it is exclusively criminal in nature and lies within the area of ​​application of the Criminal Code. Therefore, you have every right to contact law enforcement agencies and the Education Management Committee. Secondly, by law, state and municipal educational institutions must ensure the admission of all children who live on the territory of the school. If the child does not live in this territory, he may be denied admission only because of the lack of free places in the institution. And here, unfortunately, nothing can be done.

All children who have reached school age, are enrolled in the 1st grade of a general education institution, regardless of their level of preparation. Admission of children to the first classes to all types of state and municipal educational institutions on a competitive basis is a violation paragraph 3 of Art. 5 of the Law on Education. When entering schools with in-depth study of individual subjects (for example, foreign languages) testing is allowed, but only to determine the level of knowledge of the child and subsequently form classes taking into account the development, abilities and health of children.

Very often, when a child is admitted to school, parents are required to provide an infinite number of documents, but the regulations governing the provision of educational services, clearly regulate this question. So, for enrolling a child in the 1st grade, parents or legal representatives of the child (guardians, trustees) submit to educational institution an application for admission and a medical record of the child. The requirement of certificates from the place of work of parents indicating wages is not allowed by law. The conclusion of the psychological-pedagogical or medical-pedagogical commission on the readiness of the child for learning is advisory in nature and is not mandatory.

Training in public school free - this rule is also established by Art. 5 of the Law on Education. Collection of money for education according to "special" programs and textbooks, security and cleaning of the school building, for bonuses to the salaries of teachers and the needs of the school is not allowed. Contribution options are possible through the Board of Trustees, as discussed above.

parental right

The school where my daughter studies has the following policy: parents should not "get involved" in the educational process. The school is completely closed to parents. And, for example, I am not satisfied with what I hear from my daughter: it seems to me that the teacher is behaving incorrectly ...

No doubt, parents will be interested in the fact that by law they have the right to choose a teacher for their child. The first year of study at school is the most difficult in terms of adaptation for a student. He gets into new environment where issues of psychological compatibility with an adult mentor are extremely important. Therefore, parents are endowed with the opportunity to change teachers if serious problems arise. To do this, you just need to write an application addressed to the principal of the school with the rationale for the request.

In addition, parents are endowed with greater control over educational process. So, in accordance with paragraph 7 of Art. 15 of the Law on Education, they have the right to attend lessons, get acquainted with the methods of teaching subjects and grades.

Conflict commissions can be organized at the school. They consist of representatives of parents, teachers, school administration. In the event of disputable situations, the decisions of the conflict commission are advisory in nature. If common decision cannot be found, and representatives of the educational institution and parents have the right to apply to the courts to resolve the dispute. In addition, parents have the right to apply to educational authorities (education committees, district subcommittees, etc.).

Loser happiness

In our school, grades are not a measure of knowledge, but a means of blackmail. My tenth-grader son is constantly threatened with expulsion from school because of a deuce in chemistry ...

My daughter was forced to take exams in four subjects when she was transferred to a secondary (!) school. Is it legal?

According to the current legislation, each school has the right to choose the type of assessment of students independently. According to Art. 15 of the Law on Education, educational institutions are free to determine the assessment system, form, procedure and frequency of intermediate certification. Therefore, parents should not be surprised if it turns out that even in the first grade they will have to undergo various tests.

What to do if the child for some reason does not learn the school curriculum well enough, receives unsatisfactory marks? Can they keep it for a second year? What exactly should parents do? Article 17 of the Education Law states that primary and high school who received annual deuces in two or more subjects, "at the discretion of their parents (legal representatives) are left for re-training, transferred to compensatory education classes with a smaller number of students per one teacher educational institution or continue their studies in the form of family education. Students at the indicated levels of education who, at the end of the academic year, have an academic debt in one subject, are transferred to the next class conditionally. Responsibility for the liquidation of academic debt by students during the next academic year rests with their parents (legal representatives). The transfer of a student to the next class in any case is made by decision of the governing body (pedagogical council) of the educational institution.

In practice, this rule means that without the consent of the parents of a student, he cannot even be transferred to a class for lagging behind. But at the same time, the parent is fully responsible for the subsequent academic performance of the child. It should be noted that school teachers and the administration of educational institutions mostly meet the needs of students. The most common option is the organization of additional classes. This is where the school has a complete and quite legal right to collect fees from students. However, it should be noted that the possibility of such lessons and the payment for their organization should be directly provided for by the charter of the school.

The most painful issue is the exclusion of students from school. Parents should know that to exclude a child under the age of 14, the school has no right at all. According to Art. 19 of the Law on Education, a student who has reached the age of 14 can be expelled from school "for committing unlawful acts, gross and repeated violations of the charter of an educational institution" - in other words, for hooliganism and bad behavior. After the decision on the exclusion is made, the school administration is obliged to inform about it within three days. decision local government. That, in turn, takes measures to arrange for the expelled to a new place of study. The decision to expel a child from school can be challenged both administratively (by filing a complaint with the education authorities) and in court.

Who will make up the lost?

My son was ill for almost the entire quarter. Is he required to turn in those homework and interim tests that he missed due to illness?

The law says that each student must master a certain amount of knowledge - an educational program for a certain educational level. If a child is often sick, parents have the right to choose an acceptable form for him individual training, including home. In any case, the state educational standard must be fulfilled. What gives the school the right to require the student to complete those tasks that he missed due to illness. Of course, he will not be forced to do all the missed homework. But he must pass a certain minimum. In practice, such questions are resolved individually by each teacher.

Security

My son's classmate was injured in a labor lesson. He even had to undergo surgery on his hands. Is the school responsible for such incidents?

According to Art. 32 of the Law on Education, the school is responsible for the life and health of the student during the educational process. In any situation, the school must compensate for the costs of treatment and care for the child. As practice shows, schools do not hide the facts of injuries during their studies and, upon first request, issue relevant certificates, which are the basis for claims for damages. If the school administration refuses to issue similar document, then the fact of injury can be confirmed by testimony or a medical report obtained in any medical institution.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the laws related to education in our country require urgent reform in accordance with the conditions of a market economy. So for today Russian certificates complete secondary education is not recognized in many European countries. Adolescents have to complete their studies for a year and a half in order to be able to study in foreign universities. In addition, it is impossible to reduce the level of that fundamental classical school education, which held during the Soviet era. If we add to this the experience that the school education system has accumulated over the past ten years, then we can get the most acceptable version of the education system.

Discussion

Hello Tell me what should I do?
When my child finished first grade, there were no problems in school. The child knows the alphabet and knows how to count, the only one who was lame in reading. I turned to the class teacher and asked if she could work with my child in the summer in addition. She answered yes of course I will call you and invite you. Throughout the summer, I contacted the teacher more than once, and she fed us with promises. And she invited me only in August, a week before the end of the school year, for 3 lessons.
Which did not give any result. And from other parents in our class, I learned that she invited their children to additional classes in the summer in the month of June. She just ignored us. In the second grade in the 1st quarter, the child fell ill, she did not attend classes for one week. And also in the second quarter. Then we started having problems at the end of the second term, the teacher called me to school to talk with a psychologist. When I came to the psychologist, their name is the school, they began to talk among themselves, and after my child. They said that she needs to be transferred back to the first grade or left for the second year, and it is best to transfer the child to a school for mentally retarded children, since she did not know the alphabet, she has a very short memory, she cannot read and write. And he can only write off mechanically. Then they hooked me up. They said that nobody needs my child in this school, they are not obliged to deal with her and teach her, I have to do it myself. They already have more than 700 people in the school and they do not have enough time for this. Because at school free education, and for a small salary, no one will additionally deal with your child. I went home in tears. But that's where it all ended. At the beginning of the third quarter, I was again called to the school, but this time to the director in the presence of a psychologist, a social worker, and a class teacher. The psychologist again began to say that my child had a short memory and only mechanical copying that she had problems with her head. When I tried to object, they immediately interrupted me, said that she didn’t have it when I tried to object that they immediately interrupted me, saying that I had no right to do so. The psychologist said that I have no right to this. The psychologist said that because I work, I spend little time with my child. The class teacher and the psychologist exchanged phrases among themselves that they need to make room in the class, and then it will take someone there. The psychologist appointed another commission.
I always thought that teachers should teach children, give them the knowledge that they need to be respected and appreciated. I told my children about this so that they respect teachers and listen to them carefully, because teachers give us knowledge that will be useful in life. To ensure that children are literate and educated. But faced with this situation, I don't know what to think.

14.02.2019 18:57:55, Lol228008

Hello, such a situation, a 9th grade student gets into an unpleasant story, he did not study for a month and he was sent to an educational colony, he left there ahead of schedule, what should he do? Re-learn 9th grade? Or can you pass the exams and get a certificate?

08.10.2018 20:25:47, Angelina

Good afternoon! Today is the last day of the first quarter of the 2016-2017 academic year. of the year. 7th grade child i.e. the eldest daughter in history costs 2, and the second daughter has 4. The fact is that the eldest always prepares and reads homework, and the history teacher in her lessons never asks about what she has read, and only those students who always answer and, accordingly, answer get good grades. But the second daughter, to be honest, does not read or prepare for history, for some reason she has 4 ka inserted. Of course, as a parent, I am pleased with any well-deserved, undeserved good marks for children. But I don't think this is fair. Because of injustice, I want to change my history teacher.
Question: Can a parent change a subject teacher? How to write an application?

29.10.2016 07:49:30, Yuliana Pavlova

Hello. Please tell me how we should be. When my child was admitted to grade 1, teachers were hardly found, she was asked to return to school because she had already decided to end her career at that time. As a result, she agreed and became a very good teacher for our children. She is a very good, educated and knowledgeable teacher. Literally the other day we find out that she is being transferred back to first-graders, because they didn’t have a teacher who knew the 2100 program (why then was it necessary to recruit a class?), And our the children lost both their beloved teacher and the office itself. Our teacher repeatedly asked the director to stay with us, to which she was told, “You can leave the school and pick up your graduate daughter.” Tell me how we parents should be? After all, the director does not want to listen to us, where should we "shouting" for everything to return to its place. Do we parents have the right to return the teacher. In the place of our teacher, we were given a very young girl who had just entered the university and came out of maternity leave, which means Endless sick days, sessions, etc. And no one needs our children! Thank you in advance for your answer.

08/25/2012 10:55:44 AM, Natalia V.B

The teacher said "fuck you" to his son's refusal to change for gym class! How can teachers or school administration be influenced?

02.12.2008 22:40:31, Dima

Do parents have the right to refuse to teach their children Peterson math from grade 3? 1st and 2nd grades children studied mathematics according to this program. But the psyche of children breaks down, because. they have a hard time understanding the material.

28.11.2008 00:46:02

I had a conflict with the teacher of the school. She teaches English. At her lesson, I got up without permission and took my portfolio from a classmate, after which she kicked me out. And now she does not allow me to the lesson. And threatens me with a scandal. call my parents and talk to them, but she did not. I think that she has overstepped her authority. Help me with this question. My name is Sasha, I'm 14 years old and I'm in the 8th grade, and I don't know what to do?

11/24/2008 03:22:59, Sasha

What rights do I have when classmates insult me.

11/17/2008 10:42:54 AM, Kirill 01.11.2008 14:54:09, Svetlana

In our school, from the beginning of the second quarter, the administration decided to change the start time of classes from 8-00 to 08-30. This is extremely inconvenient for us, for the reason that my working day starts at 8-00. Also my child attends additional mugs outside of school and the transfer of these classes to another time is impossible! Is it legal? and what actions can be taken to avoid change? The school refers to the norms of Sanpin, do not tell me where you can find them!?

01.11.2008 14:53:48, Svetlana

I was insulted by the teacher in front of the whole class because I did not learn the verse and threatened to leave me for the second year. What rights does a teacher have?

10/31/2008 06:24:06, Yaroslav

Do I have the right to leave the school without finishing grade 9?

09/02/2008 16:12:20, Irina Selezneva

So we decided to ask who, for what and how punishes students today in schools. Of course, the first thing we did was go to the head teachers and were very surprised to hear a contrite answer: “We don’t punish in any way ... More precisely, in accordance with the rules prescribed in the charter of the school, only few people pay attention to him now, both parents and children know that the law is always on the side of the student. Even if he is seriously guilty, the teacher will be extreme.

An example of the most severe punishment is expulsion from school. In my memory, there was only one case when the principal of the school decided to exclude a harmful seventh grader from educational institution. He terrorized the students, mocked the teachers and at the same time boasted of his impunity, since dad is an employee of the security services and a participant in hostilities in hot spots. Gradually, the situation developed into a sharp conflict between adults. One wanted to be expelled, and the second wanted his son to study at this particular school, as it is considered one of the best in the area. The father argued that his son was being provoked, and his main positive argument was the child’s quite normal academic performance - well, the boy has a couple of triples, but the rest are “four” - “five”! The only thing the director could answer was that the boy did not live in the school district, which means that he was not required to be taught here, and secondly, a pile of teachers' complaints and complaints from the parents of other children about this child. The boy and his parents were repeatedly summoned to meetings of the school council, a dispute settlement commission was created and complaints were resolved there, the boy was reprimanded several times, they took from him the “most recent” promise to behave normally - nothing helped. As a result, the director referred to the legislative norm allowing not to accept a child “not at the place of residence” if the school is overcrowded. It had an effect on dad: he very quickly figured out with his son, made peace with the director, and the boy was left at school, however, he was transferred to another class.

It is almost impossible to expel a child today, even a high school student. To do this, several conditions must be met at once: the teenager must be 15 years old, there must be a statement from the parents and there must be permission from the commission on minors. Even the voluntary transfer of a student to a technical school or an evening school must be accompanied by both a statement from the parents and permission from the KDN. At the same time, teachers say, we must remember that today our school is obliged to give everyone a complete general, that is, eleven-year education. What is the exception...

In addition to the school council, the pedagogical council, the prevention council and the settlement commission, each school has (or should have) a medical and psychological service. True, optimization recent years this service has not been strengthened in any way, but on the contrary, many schools have lost the rates of psychologists and social pedagogues. The result was an increased number of conflicts between parents of students and teachers. The class teacher or subject teacher today alone confronts some angry parent, absolutely sure that her wonderful brilliant son or daughter lacks only wings behind her back, and everything else is in perfect order. The teacher cannot prove otherwise, because there is no confirmation - the results of the work of the medical and psychological service.

When I asked how it is possible to punish a child studying in a ZPR class for a misdemeanor, they answered me that today in ordinary schools there are not only officially no such classes, now there are not even children with such a diagnosis. According to teachers, when children undergo a medical examination before the first grade, there is no column in the child’s medical record that would indicate whether he can study in a regular school or not.

We are now taking everyone blind. And even if this child is not just mentally unbalanced, but it may well be that he is mentally ill, we do not know this!

It may well be that it is from here that the numerous conflicts between students in primary school. Small, cute and very pretty children are capable of inadequate, abnormal actions. For example, to crack a neighbor on the desk with a bottle of water, aiming exclusively at his forehead. Or throw a tantrum in the middle of the lesson because of a pen taken away, and then try to poke a classmate in the eye with the same pen ... How to punish for such things? That's right, talk to your parents. And that's all. Because if the teacher decides, for example, to put the child in a corner, then, maybe even in court, it turns out that the poor kid has migraines, gout and coxarthrosis, and he can stand no more than one minute a day. Today, the school and the teacher have no way to punish students primary school. They are still small, it is impossible to punish ... Just as it is impossible to prove the mental incompetence of a child.

Teachers consider a fight with injuries to be a gross disciplinary offense. But this is nowhere written down and not stipulated. “Failure to fulfill the curriculum” and “failure to master the educational program on time” cannot be the reason for expulsion from school. Since sometimes a child is not able to master the program due to some personal characteristics, by the way, at the same time, he can have normal behavior and a lot of other advantages. Yes, in Soviet times they could be expelled for academic failure, but why return to this now? Moreover, there is a solution to the problem, and teachers talk about it all the time:

It is not necessary to expel from school for not mastering the school curriculum, but to abolish the obligation of the Unified State Examination! For some reason, the ministry does not want to understand that forcing them to pass such imposed exams is also a violation of children's rights. And we must fight not with the ignorant, but with the ignorant!

The modern ignoramus, for example, does not speak without foul language, and such behavior is common today. There are students in schools who do not hesitate to swear in front of classmates and teachers, and even to the teacher. “How to punish him if neither reprimands nor appeals to conscience reach him? ..”

In one of the schools they tried to call the police - they don’t go, they say, sort it out yourself.

The second point: smoking is a reason for disciplinary action or not? Teachers complain that they also have no rights in this:

Well, I told my parents, and then what? They often don't even care. And some high school students simply say: “My mother knows that I smoke.” I say: “Here, sit your mother opposite at home, and smoke with her together, and the school is the school. You can't here." Only he doesn’t care at all: “Why is this impossible? ..”

It is necessary to legislate the inadmissibility of smoking at school and prescribe a possible punishment, and a significant one, for example, a fine from parents.

Lawyer's comment

Tatyana Pogorelova:

- The published "Procedure for bringing students to disciplinary responsibility" still has the status of a draft order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. But rumors have already spread in schools that students will now be expelled. At the same time, as always, human imagination draws the most terrible pictures. But what if they just fight with objectionable guys like that? But what if this measure is used as a pretext for blackmailing parents who did not "sponsor" the school in time? Let's try to calm everyone down. It will still not be possible to exclude a child under 15 years old, and the exclusion of older students will be a very difficult procedure!

Exclusion from school as a measure of influence on the behavior of the child was provided for and until September 1, 2013 continues to be provided for in Art. 19 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" of 1992. So, in paragraph 7 of Art. 19 clearly states that by decision of the governing body of an educational institution for repeated gross violations of the charter of an educational institution, a student who has reached the age of 15 years is allowed to be expelled from this educational institution. At the same time, the exclusion of a student from an educational institution is applied if educational measures have not yielded results and the student’s further stay in an educational institution has a negative impact on other students, violates their rights and the rights of employees of an educational institution, as well as the normal functioning of an educational institution.

The decision to expel a student who has not received a general education is made taking into account the opinion of his parents (legal representatives) and with the consent of the commission for minors and the protection of their rights. The decision to exclude orphans and children left without parental care is made with the consent of the commission for minors and the protection of their rights and the body of guardianship and guardianship.

An educational institution is immediately obliged to inform about the exclusion of a student from an educational institution of his parents (legal representatives) and the local government.

The Commission for the Affairs of Minors and the Protection of Their Rights, together with the local government and the parents (legal representatives) of a minor expelled from an educational institution, within a month, takes measures to ensure the employment of this minor and (or) the continuation of his education in another educational institution.

In the new Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" of 2012, which will come into force on September 1, 2013, Art. 43 "Duties and responsibilities of students" for the first time the law introduced the concept of disciplinary measures for students. In particular, it is established that for non-fulfillment or violation of the charter of an organization exercising educational activities, internal regulations, rules for living in dormitories and boarding schools and other local regulations on the organization and implementation of educational activities, disciplinary measures can be applied to students - a remark, a reprimand, expulsion from an organization engaged in educational activities.

At the same time, it is stipulated that disciplinary measures are not applied to students on educational programs preschool, elementary general education, as well as to students with disabilities (with mental retardation and various forms of mental retardation).

It is not allowed to apply disciplinary measures to students during their illness, holidays, academic leave, maternity leave or parental leave.

When choosing a measure of disciplinary sanction, an organization carrying out educational activities must take into account the severity of the disciplinary offense, the reasons and circumstances under which it was committed, the student's previous behavior, his psychophysical and emotional state, as well as the opinion of student councils, parents' councils.

The option of expelling a student from an educational institution still remained an extreme measure, the application of which is possible only for a child who has reached the age of 15.

So, according to the decision of the organization carrying out educational activities, for the repeated commission of disciplinary offenses specified above, it is allowed to apply the deduction of a minor student who has reached the age of 15 years. At the same time, the expulsion of a minor student is applied if other measures of disciplinary action and measures of pedagogical influence have not yielded results and his further stay in an organization carrying out educational activities has a negative impact on other students, violates their rights and the rights of employees of an organization carrying out educational activities, and as well as the normal functioning of the organization carrying out educational activities.

The decision to expel a minor student who has reached the age of 15 and has not received a basic general education, as a measure of disciplinary action, is taken taking into account the opinion of his parents (legal representatives) and with the consent of the commission on minors and the protection of their rights. The decision to expel orphans and children left without parental care is made with the consent of the commission for minors and the protection of their rights and the body of guardianship and guardianship.

An organization carrying out educational activities is immediately obliged to inform the local self-government body in charge of education about the expulsion of a minor student as a disciplinary measure. The local self-government body exercising management in the field of education and the parents (legal representatives) of a minor student expelled from an organization carrying out educational activities, no later than within a month, take measures to ensure that minor students receive general education.

The student, parents (legal representatives) of a minor student have the right to appeal to the commission for settling disputes between participants in educational relations disciplinary measures and their application to the student.

The same art. 43 in paragraph 12 it is established that the procedure for applying to students and removing students from disciplinary measures is established by the federal body executive power executing the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has prepared a draft corresponding order, which for the first time clearly defines the procedure for imposing disciplinary measures against students.

Thus, the news in this case was only that now, in the frequent conflicts between Russian teachers and Russian schoolchildren, a certain parity has formed. Articles for dismissal according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for committing an immoral offense, for appearing drunk at the workplace have long hung over the teacher for a long time. Disciplinary measures were also envisaged under the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Now, for the same offenses, especially unruly students can also be reprimanded, reprimanded, or expelled from school.

And if the very system of disciplinary measures against students has already been approved at the legislative level, then we can still think together about the mechanisms for bringing students to disciplinary responsibility by submitting our amendments and comments to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

The draft Procedure for bringing students to disciplinary responsibility describes the procedure for imposing a disciplinary sanction, largely repeating the procedure provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in relation to employees. For minor disciplinary offenses, a special commission may issue a reprimand to the student. The commission of a gross misconduct may entail a decision of a special commission to impose a penalty in the form of a reprimand or expulsion. At the same time, cases are stipulated that can be recognized as gross disciplinary offenses. Alas, some of them are not absolutely clear. So, for example, the decision on whether a misconduct committed by a student at the place of study is immoral was left to the mercy of a special commission. The concept of grave consequences is not formulated, for the occurrence of which, after a student violates disciplinary requirements, the possibility of reprimand or expulsion from school is provided. In any case, in order for the case to reach expulsion, a whole disciplinary proceeding must be initiated.

The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia is waiting for proposals on the project until February 14, 2013.

Attention!
Read and discuss in the attached file "The procedure for applying to students and removing students from disciplinary measures"

On the "patriotization of literature". According to legislators and clergymen, Fyodor Dostoevsky's "confused" works and "complex thoughts" and Ivan Bunin's stories glorifying "free love" can become a "time bomb for our children." T&P reached out to experts in teaching literature to find out why studying the classics is beneficial and what it could mean not having them in the required curriculum.

“Former C students in the Duma are not ashamed to admit that they do not understand the Russian classics”

“It seems to me that even a trident should be clear that if Tolstoy is incomprehensible or uninteresting to him, then Tolstoy is not to blame. Of course, “War and Peace” or “Crime and Punishment” are written for everyone “for growth” - over the years, when re-reading, a person understands these books differently than at 17 years old; this is an endless process, but how the moral and intellectual level of our society should have lowered if in the Duma the former trio students are not ashamed to admit that they are not interested and incomprehensible to the Russian classics. Even in the most terrible years(in Stalin's thirtieth birthday) there was no talk of removing Leo Tolstoy from the program. What other book can match its patriotism with "War and Peace"? Yes, both Dostoevsky and Bulgakov, like everything real in art, are complex, but behind these books is the vast world of their authors, their questions, which are no less important for us than for their contemporaries.

I note that The Master and Margarita still remains one of the favorite novels of young people, and ignorance of this is evidence of the unprofessionalism of those who claim to correct the school curriculum. Each student understands literature as best he can - our (teacher's) task is not to turn the student away from re-reading, from returning to Dostoevsky, Pushkin and Gogol.

I hope, nevertheless, that it will not be dense three-year students, but competent people, who will draw up the program in literature. To remove the classics and replace them with one-day ones means taking another step towards the spiritual impoverishment of our children.”

Lev Sobolev

teacher of literature, literary critic, honored teacher of Russia

“If these works are harmful, then all literature is harmful - from the point of view of legislators”

“If you can do without these writers, you can do without books in general. Young children read The Prisoner of the Caucasus, older children read Tolstoy's Childhood. This is what our country is proud of. Something you can talk about with people of all ages. I have a conviction that if in the 10th grade it will be necessary to study not twenty, but five books, then one of them should be "War and Peace". In this work there is both the personality of an individual person, and his whole life, and history, and philosophical questions- even the question of what happiness is. I am not so sure that Dostoevsky must be studied at school, but it is very good that his works are included in the program. After all, there are questions that only Dostoevsky poses with such depth and force. It is right to talk about them with people when they are 16 years old. As for Bulgakov, the children really like him. In the 11th grade program there are works that students read reluctantly or do not read at all, but with The Master and Margarita each time is a completely different story, and discussing this book is a pleasure. If these works are harmful, then all literature is harmful from the point of view of legislators. This is a clinical case that should be discussed by doctors, not the cultural community.

However, it seems to me that no one will throw out either Tolstoy or Dostoevsky. All normal teachers will teach the same things they taught before. They say such things only to “cheer us up” once again. Even if these writers are excluded from the examination program, we will still talk about them with students. No one can stop a teacher from doing this.

There is objectively no such thing as patriotic literature in history. There are pamphlets with a patriotic content, but normal literature cannot be patriotic or anti-patriotic. This is an unnatural combination of words. Any work can be interpreted in different ways, and the word "patriotism" too.

There have always been people who didn't read anything and people who read everything. free time. All students are different. I just arrived from All-Russian Olympiad in Literature, where we read the works of high school students who came from all over the country. They were very different: some were incredibly bright and talented, while others were funny, without any understanding of the work in question. It was not clear how their authors even got to this Olympiad. It always happens in all matters, and in this one too.

It may seem that things used to be better because children were better at writing essays. But often they simply learned the material by heart, although this is impossible to verify. Of course, in the past, literature was given more importance than it is now. However, for teachers, this has both pros and cons. On the one hand, we are sorry that for a long time this item was "in the paddock." After the mandatory exam disappeared, there was no need to repeat everything, reread and memorize, preparing for graduation. On the other hand, there was a danger in such commitment, since many students memorized ready-made thoughts, and did not think for themselves. Now there is no such need, so if the teacher manages to talk about the works, he has more freedom. He can choose what to discuss and on what topics to write essays, depending on what class and what the students can do. So far, there is no total state intervention in the process of teaching literature, and this has advantages for teachers.”

Hope Shapiro

teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, teacher of the highest category

“People who can speak and think in terms of Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky are harder to manipulate”

“The works of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Bulgakov, by and large, do not need my protection. They have long won the interest of the reader not only in Russia, but also abroad, and it is strange that we suddenly began to discuss the need to study them at school, and that in a country where the issue of love for the motherland is again so acute, patriotism again began to manifest itself in expansion of the geographical space, and not in the deepening of the humanitarian space and pride in it.

Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Bulgakov, of course, are not very easy for schoolchildren. But it would be foolish for us, teachers of literature, to help the younger generation become miserable. Nothing expands the interest and understanding of the world as much as the great literature that we have. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" is four thick volumes. However, for more than a hundred years, 15-year-old children have been reading them, and if they do not understand everything at this tender age, then at least they join the culture - through its main masterpieces. And no one said that Pushkin is easier than Tolstoy or Dostoevsky. If you throw out Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Bulgakov from the school curriculum and from the main cultural points, you have to throw out everything: Griboyedov, Pushkin, and Lermontov. If we don't need these writers, we don't need anything. You can safely cancel the alphabet too.

One can hope that good teachers will still teach Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Bulgakov, but it will not work out: if they do not have hours in literature, they will not be able to study what is not included in the narrow program that is tested at the Unified State Examination. And if teachers do not have the opportunity to talk about Crime and Punishment, we lose the entire Petersburg text of Russian literature. Any change in the curriculum is always fraught with significant consequences. Another argument is “We will remove complex works from the program, because no one knows how to teach them.” But this only means that it is necessary to ensure that literature is taught at school by good philologists, and not to throw away works.

The Soviet school lived well without The Master and Margarita, and, perhaps, the children read this novel with great interest until it was replicated and, in a sense, vulgarized. But here again the question arises whether you teach well or badly. If it's good, you need to go through this book, and if it's bad, it's better not to take anything at all. When we discuss Gogol, we talk about The Master and Margarita, and when we take The Master and Margarita, we again remember Gogol, because everything is interconnected.

I really want to ask: what and to whom did The Master and Margarita, Crime and Punishment and War and Peace prevent? Someone who can't read a thick book? In the context of today, I would like to say that if a person decides to commit suicide, let him do it on his own, and not together with the plane. If someone wants his children not to read these books, let him cancel them for his family. Why bring down our entire culture?

An experienced teacher can pass even "The Tale of Ryaba the Hen" as a complex work. And a bad teacher will make War and Peace a simple novel. It is clear what is happening and why it is being done. And, of course, all of us, people of the humanitarian sphere, are categorically opposed to someone castrating the brains of our children. Of course, it is much more difficult to manipulate people who have read, studied and can speak and think in terms of Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky. To make it easier to manage, these writers should be banned. But then, I repeat, Pushkin, Lermontov and Tyutchev should also be banned.

Patriotism and patriotic literature is what Pasternak said: "I made the whole world cry." When the author writes and makes the whole world cry over the beauty of his native land, this is patriotism. Patriotic literature is Pushkin, Tolstoy, Brodsky, Mandelstam. These are writers and books in which there is what Tolstoy calls the "latent warmth" of patriotism. This is love for native literature and native culture. And I don’t know any other patriotism.”

Elena Vigdorova

teacher of literature, literary critic

“If in the teaching of literature we are equal to the mental level of the deputies, Russia will perish”

“Only resourceful political technologists work in government offices today. By the way, their names, although carefully concealed, are nevertheless known - and sooner or later they will be covered with contempt; this is what they do not seem to take into account - that their grown children will not feel comfortable. They achieve their goals over and over again quite easily. And thinking people, who in our country, despite their colossal outflow (last year - a record number of those who left: 300,000; I am certainly sure that there are almost no fools among them), - rush to protect the opera house, then, let's say (that's how I am now), the Russian school from one hundred percent absurdity. Sane fellow citizens are simply not allowed to look around and see the real threats - to our economy, the life of civil society and just life.

One deputy, in his school years - undoubtedly, an incapable student (I taught at school, I have been dealing with students for many years and I know what I am talking about), recalled that he did not understand either War and Peace or Bulgakov. Conclusion? Well, it would seem - to scratch your head, regret your stupidity ... Finally, talk with those "wise men and smart girls" who understood Leo Tolstoy. It wasn't there! We have to assume that about a million rubles in two months (deputy salary) burns the crown. Apparently, the remnants of conscience are tormenting - something must be done for such crazy (from the point of view of his voters) money ... And the deputy declares: “I can say on my own (Why on my own? Ah, deputy? ... - M. Ch.) - in the 9th-10th grade, complex philosophical questions are too early to pass! It is difficult and early to study War and Peace, Crime and Punishment, Bulgakov and others. This “and others” alone betrays a C student with a head!

So, I have to say - I held a competition in several Moscow schools (it was a test - in the near future I will hold it in several regions, and then, perhaps, wider) based on the novel "The Master and Margarita". Soon we will sum up the results with the presentation of awards. The theme was formulated as follows: "What exactly captivated you and your friends in the novel "The Master and Margarita"?". If the deputy had read the essays sent to me, he would probably have become despondent... Unless, of course, he retained at least some self-criticism in his high position. Today's schoolchildren understand a lot in this novel! Yes, imagine - they understand the centuries-old drama of the struggle between good and evil, reflections on the meaning of human life, free will in choosing between good and evil, given to a person from birth. Not without reason for all opinion polls, firstly, they read this novel from the age of 12 (!), and secondly, for how many years schoolchildren have put it in first place among the books they read. This is one of the most read.

These are the facts. And it is necessary to proceed from them, trying to benefit from this for studying the classics of the 19th century at school - it often, as you know, comes with a creak. To show exactly how to use the fact of love for Bulgakov’s novel, I try in my book for language teachers “Literature at school: do we read or pass?” (that is, we pass by ...). I wrote for teachers, but, to my pleasant surprise, parents are actively buying it - those who do not want their children to become like those who are unable to perceive the Russian classics ... I show there how through the novel The Master and Margarita ( which has become a truly cult novel by Russian schoolchildren), the teacher can go to Pushkin, Gogol and Bunin (since they are all "contained" in this novel). The same book explains how many minutes of a literature lesson must be spent reading Russian classics aloud - today this is the only sure way to convey it to a schoolchild. And there our classics will stand up for themselves - and will reveal their enormous ethical potential.

As for the delusional idea of ​​creating special patriotic literature in our country, I will turn directly to Sergei Stepashin - suddenly my appeal somehow reaches him.

Sergey Vadimovich, you are smart, educated person- you cannot help but understand that hardly anyone today will be able to write pages that will overshadow the soul of the pages of War and Peace that take with a sense of living patriotism! “The topic of patriotic education of citizens is a strategic state task, which fell on the fertile ground of the reunification of Crimea and Russia. If this is true your words, and not the fantasies of the Duma journalists, then you are ashamed to read, Sergey Vadimovich! What style - "strategic"! After all, you are a conscientious person, and this means that in a few years you will have to repent, as you repented for the first Chechen war ... Only two - Yeltsin and you - publicly repented; I personally really appreciated it.

So in today's next "patriotic campaign" I was pleased only with the words of Vladimir Tolstoy - in a journalistic, true, retelling - that "any high-quality literature can be called patriotic." Let's start from this. One thing I can say for sure: if in today's school teaching of literature we are equal to the mental level of our today's deputies, Mother Russia is gone.