One of the most developed, thoughtful and best in the world is the education system in England, despite its some conservatism. It was formed over several centuries, and still obeys the strict quality standards that have been formed over all this time.

English education at all levels - school, secondary vocational (post-school) or university - is rated quite highly by both the students themselves and their future employers. It is because of this popularity and highly appreciated many countries have adopted the main aspects of the UK educational system.

Features of the educational system of England

One of the first important documents regulating this issue was the "Law on Education" of 1944.. It mainly concerned school education, but also determined the entire educational system in principle.

In England, education is compulsory for all citizens aged 5-16. Education up to 5 years depends on the opinion of the parents, and after 16 years - the student himself. You can study for free at public educational institutions in England or for a fee at private schools (almost always these are boarding houses where students also live during their studies).

In general, the education system in England consists of four levels:

• primary education or Elementary School - for children 5-11 years old,
• secondary education in England or Secondary School - for students aged 11-16,
• post-secondary education or Further Education - for students aged 16-18,
• higher education.

Some educational levels can be completed in some educational institutions without moving from one to another, and some - only in specialized institutions. Below we will consider in detail the main levels of education in England.

Preschoolers in England

Before starting school, 3-4 year olds can go to nursery or kindergarten. There, kids are developed with the help of games, they begin to learn to count, write and read. There are so-called full-cycle schools where children are trained from 3 to 18 years old. Preschool institutions, like all others, can be private and public.

For children from the age of 5, preparatory classes are organized in private or public elementary schools, and this education is already mandatory.

Schooling in England

Most children in England enter preparatory courses at the age of 5, after which they begin elementary school at 7, and at the age of 11 they move on to secondary school. Moreover, secondary education can be obtained either in the same institution where you studied before, or in a college.

While the child is studying at the primary level, the subjects are chosen by the parents. Children are studying English language, history, mathematics, geography, art, music and some other disciplines.

Secondary education in England is only compulsory until the age of 16., then the student decides for himself whether to stop studying and start working or continue studying in order to study at the university. All schools prepare children for the General Certificate of Education (GCSE) or Certificate of Vocational Qualification (GNVQ).

Education in schools in England provides for a 38-week academic year. The trimesters are separated by holidays, 6 weeks in the summer and 2-3 weeks each for the Christmas and Easter holidays. There is also a week break in the middle of each trimester. Usually training in schools provides for her attendance 5 days a week.

Schools can be divided by gender: there are mixed educational institutions where boys and girls study together, and there are separate schools - separately for girls and boys. Adherents of separate and blended learning always have their own compelling arguments that determine the benefits of one or another type of school.

After graduation

In England, in order to enter a university or continue to study at a college for higher education, the usual GCSE certificate is not enough, and therefore students undergo the so-called post-secondary education in order to pass the A-Level exam.

To pass the A-Level exam, a two-year course of study is provided, during which exams are taken at the end of each academic year. First, 4-5 subjects are selected for study, and when moving to the second year of study - 3-4 disciplines. Choosing the right subjects, the student himself determines his further specialization.

Usually students from other countries who come to study in England begin their studies with the A-Level program.

An alternative to this course for foreign students is the Foundation program, an intensive study that lasts only a year. At the same time, students pay attention to one or two subjects, as well as learning the language in order to understand the English academic university vocabulary in the future.

Vocational education (Further education) in England includes vocational training courses or certain courses for a bachelor's degree. In general, the term "vocational education" refers to courses for those graduates who complete their studies after 16 years.

Higher education institutions in England

After successfully passing the A-Level exam, graduates can go on to pursue professional or higher education. In fact, final exams are also entrance exams.

Higher education in England can be obtained at a university, institute or polytechnic college, where the achievement of a scientific or doctoral degree is expected. This includes bachelor's degree courses, postgraduate programs and MBA programs.

English higher education is paid both for foreigners and for its citizens, however, the fee for it is different for some and others (for foreigners the cost is higher). In England there are about 700 educational institutions where you can get degrees.

Universities in England are divided into unitary and collegiate. Unitary universities include departments and faculties, while collegiate universities unite several dozen colleges. The latter include the most famous and prestigious Oxford and Cambridge universities.

In higher educational institutions, English students begin to study from October. Trimesters usually last about 8-10 weeks. Summer holidays always start on June 1st and last until September 30th. As in Russian universities, the main forms of work are seminars, lectures and laboratory works. Tutorials are also held, where for small groups of students (2-10 people) a tutor (teacher) conducts his own classes.

If you successfully study at the university, you can get the first or higher academic degree. To obtain the first degree, the course of study lasts 3-4 years, in the field of medicine - 6 years. After receiving the first degree - bachelor - and continuing studies or performing research work, it is possible to obtain a master's degree.

The Doctor of Science degree is awarded for outstanding, invaluable contributions to science. Inventions or research for practical application universities also encourage the award of doctoral degrees.

Education in England is the subject of desire for many students from all over the world - every year hundreds of thousands of students come to the United Kingdom to receive a quality, prestigious education. We will reveal the reasons for this popularity and prove to you that education in the UK is perhaps the best that a parent can give to his child. In this article you can find the key, main theses - more information presented in our official section.

Education in the UK: key benefits?

• Diplomas, certificates and attestations obtained in England are highly valued all over the world, are recognized internationally and are considered very prestigious. This is a guarantee of a successful career and a high, prestigious position and a good salary.
• It uses the most advanced and latest teaching methods, modern equipment and technology, and the professionalism of teachers and curators is at an unusually high level.
• invariably occupy the top lines of various world rankings - in many countries it is the British educational model that has become the basis for the national system
• The universality of the English language - it is English that is used all over the world in business, trade, tourism, science, information technology, etc. And where can it be best if not in the country of its origin, in an atmosphere of complete linguistic and cultural immersion?
• Compared to similar European and American programs, British study areas do not differ too much in price. The advantage is the fact that here you can get a bachelor's degree in just 3 years (instead of 4), and a master's degree in just a year (instead of two), which is essential for study and living
• The multiculturalism and multinationality of Britain is the best environment for developing a sense of belonging to a single world culture: real cosmopolitans and citizens of the world study here, ready for life in a globalized society
• The history of the educational system has not even tens, but hundreds of years! Educational traditions have been strengthened here for centuries. Even during the Middle Ages, educational activities were carried out by monks and church leaders, and the legendary university citadels have not lost their high positions for more than 700 years. At the same time, the national system continues to actively develop, modernize, keep pace with the times: there are large government subsidies. According to statistics, British scientists collectively received more Nobel Prizes than scientists from any other country in the world (with the exception of the United States), and in the total number of world scientific research, the work of scientists from Foggy Albion is about 5%.
• Constant control over the quality of education and service: each educational institution, regardless of its age and prestige, regularly undergoes many inspections and certifications. Independent bodies such as the Office for Standards in Education, The British Council and the British Accreditation Council are responsible for this.

The education system in the UK

I.Primary and secondary education.

According to the laws, it is mandatory. The youngest students, toddlers, can attend kindergartens, and after completing secondary education, they can continue their studies at a college or university, or start working. In general terms, the education systems in England, Scotland and Wales are the same, but they have many differences among themselves.

Educational institutions are divided into public and private. They differ in cost and admission conditions, curricula and semester duration, but most often they have the same exam conditions, study structure and academic level (the latter must comply with uniform state standards).

1) Preschool education (3-4 years).

This step is not mandatory: according to statistics, only 30% of children 3-4 years old study in such institutions.

2) Primary and secondary school (5-16 years).

Primary classes last from 5 to 11 years old, and high school ends at 16 years old with first-level exams. Students who choose an academic course (it is often called a theoretical course) receive a General Certificate of Secondary Education (in Scotland, its counterpart is the Scottish Certificate of Education). Upon completion of professional (practical) training, a General National Vocational Qualification is issued, but other types of certificates and qualifications are also provided.

As for private schools, they most often accept children from the age of 7 (before that, kindergartens or preparatory classes are offered to kids) - in primary school study until the age of 13, and in the secondary school - up to 16 years (they also take first-level exams).

3) Senior classes (advanced level, 16-18 years old).

By this time, students are already determined with further plans: to start working, go to college or university. In the latter case, students expect special two-year preparatory courses: having passed profile exams first level, students enter the so-called. Usually high school students are offered a wide list of subjects, from which they independently choose the most priority options, based on their own interests, tastes, abilities, requirements of the chosen university and profession. At 17-18 years old (a little earlier in Scotland), advanced, second-level exams (A-level, its counterpart in Scotland - Highers) are taken, which leads to GCSE or GCE A-levels. If the student was engaged in a vocational training program, then he receives a qualification and a GNVQ / NVQ Advanced diploma.

An alternative to the traditional English way is international course International Baccalaureate (IB). She unites educational standards various countries of the world and unifies the requirements for students. It is even more in-depth and rich than A-level: 6 specialized selected subjects are studied, a personal research project is written and course work. But all efforts are rewarded: the IB certificate provides a significant advantage for European and American universities (the latter even enroll the applicant immediately in the second year).

II.Preparatory programs of universities.

Unfortunately, the Russian certificate is not sufficient documents for admission to British universities, so Foundation preparatory courses will be useful for Russian students. This is the most optimal, profitable and shortest way to a university or college, and the requirements for admission are minimal here:

• Certificate of Secondary Education
• A short essay about yourself, your goals and interests
• Certificate of Proficiency in English (usually accepted by IELTS or TOEFL).

During the year at the Foundation, students get acquainted with the customs and culture of Great Britain, adapt to the peculiarities of the national educational system, the principles and rules of education, and also significantly improve the language level and pass qualifying exams. In the language program - the development of written and oral speech, reading and listening skills, the study of grammar and vocabulary. Additionally, students study academic subjects (mainly those that they plan to choose at the university in the future). A lot of time is devoted not only to practical and theoretical studies, but also to independent work: in the library, self-study class, computer and scientific laboratory, while writing personal or collective research projects. With the help of professional teachers, curators, consultants, students make the final choice of university and future profession, specializations.
Reception is conducted 1-2 times a year (the exact dates are set by each institution independently).

III.Higher education.

Students can get education in the most relevant and prestigious areas, master specialized valuable skills that will significantly increase their popularity in the international labor market. All over the world they are valued incredibly highly, they give the opportunity to occupy a high and profitable position and quickly move up the career ladder. If a foreign graduate decides to stay in the country, then the government will support this initiative - you can try to get a legal work permit. For example, Scotland entitles all graduates without exception to work for two years after graduation!

The following degrees are accepted in the British system:

• Undergraduate (first higher, or bachelor):

• • BA(humanitarian sciences)
  • BSc (natural Sciences)
  • LLB(right)
  • BEd(pedagogical sciences)
  • EEng(Technical science)
  • BMus(music)
  • BM or BS(the medicine)
• Postgraduate (second, or post-higher, magistracy):
  • PGCE, Postgraduate Certificate in Education(teaching certificate)
  • DMS, Diploma of Graduate Studies(management)
  • MA, Master of Arts(humanitarian sciences)
  • MSc, Master of Science(Technical science)
  • MBA, Master of Business Administration(business administration)
  • LLM, Master of Law(right).

The Undergraduate program is offered at over 180 institutions in the United Kingdom. Typically, training takes 3 years (4 in Scotland), but the exceptions are the areas of medicine, dentistry and architecture - for them, training lasts 5-7 years.

Postgraduate is any continuation of education after the first stage. This degree (usually called a master's degree) can be obtained in 1-2 years if the student speaks English well enough and, of course, has an Undergraduate degree. All programs are conditionally divided into two types:

1) Theoretical course (taught program)

The results of students are assessed mainly with the help of written works, the largest of which is the thesis (20,000 words or more). Graduates of this course receive a diploma, degree or certificate.

2) Research type (research program)

Here, theoretical lectures and group lessons are dominated by independent and practical research - usually student projects are included in a single large university project. highest degree- Doctor of Philosophy (Doctor of Philosophy, or PhD).

How to apply to universities in the UK?

Higher education in the UK can be safely called an enduring value - its prestige, quality and relevance have been tested by centuries of successful work. Nevertheless, the difficult question of choosing an educational institution remains: how to make sure that you do not spend money in vain, so that the training fully meets your needs, and not be deceived in expectations?

Get ready for the fact that it is quite difficult for Russian students to enter universities in England: the point is not a lack of intellectual preparation, but technical and formal issues. What are the options for successful admission?

1) Graduate from a British school (private or public), including a program for high school students (British A-level or international International Baccalaureate). Good grades at graduation, a certificate with a high score practically guarantees admission to the chosen university. But, of course, this method will only work if you have not yet gone beyond school age.

2) Finish 11 classes in a secondary school in Russia (get a complete secondary education) and enter the UK for a Russian course. The British are sure that the Russian school certificate is not enough to enroll in the university: it is believed that their school curriculum is more complete, in-depth and saturated, therefore, additional academic preparation is required for Russian students. In fact, our experience shows that Foundation training is needed more for the psychological preparation of the student. This helps him get used to the new cultural and linguistic environment, get used to the peculiarities of the local educational system, learn to think more freely and defend his opinion, take the initiative. Unfortunately, in Russian schools there is still a strong tradition of cramming, the most accurate retelling known facts, while in the United Kingdom the approach is radically different. In addition, the course helps to significantly improve the level of English: universities in England most often require IELTS results of 6.0-6.5, and a Russian student takes exams on average at 5.5, and then if his school had a strong linguistic background, he went on holidays in English-speaking countries and communicated with native speakers. Studying on the Foundation program will allow you to learn English in its living, changing, conversational form, improve communication and speech skills, and remove the emotional and psychological barrier.

3) Finish Russian school and finish the first year of the national university. Subject to good academic performance and grades, as well as a high score on the results of IELTS or TOEFL, you will be able to enroll immediately in the second year - more than 110 universities in England provide this opportunity. For this purpose, a special centralized system Universities and Colleges Admissions Servives (UCAS) is used. An online application form is filled out, the registration fee is paid (with a bank card) and waiting for an invitation from universities (applications can be submitted immediately to 6 priority institutions). There are three possible answers:

• “application rejected” (it’s pointless to wait and appeal further)
• “you are accepted” (the most successful and, of course, the desired option)
• “you are conditionally accepted” (the most common answer. In this case, you need to clarify the conditions under which the university did not enroll you “unconditionally” and increase the necessary parameters or skills).

You can retake the IELTS test if you are not satisfied with the results the first time. Universities in the UK may be asked to send an academic transcript showing grades and points earned. Please note that UCAS applications are held in winter-early spring, and the actual application is held in July-August. For the correct application, we strongly recommend contacting our specialists: such applications and questionnaires pay great attention to formalities and literacy, so any extra character or an incorrectly ticked box may limit your opportunities for admission.

What tests are offered to applicants?

1) TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language).

One of the most famous English language proficiency exams, which was developed and approved by the American Council. Most often it is used when enrolling applicants in universities, for employment or advanced training. Today, testing is most often carried out online, using a PC (as is customary throughout the CIS - computer based test), but in some places there are also “paper” options (paper based). The exam includes 4 blocks: Listening (listening, listening comprehension), Speaking (speech and communication skills), Reading (reading and understanding the original text), Writing (written speech and grammar).

2) IELTS (International English language testing system).

A test officially accepted by the British Council that tests the ability to use English in everyday, ordinary situations (General), or in an academic and scientific environment (Academic). It is also divided into 4 blocks of knowledge and skills: Listening (listening, listening comprehension), Speaking (speech and communication skills), Reading (reading and understanding the original text), Writing (written speech and grammar).

3) GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test)

This exam is used mainly in the West for admission to master's programs and an MBA (Master of Business Administration) business administration course. To get high results, you need to be good at arithmetic, grammar, geometry; The following skills and abilities are also tested:

• Critical reasoning (language understanding and quick wit)
• Problem solving (mathematics and rational thinking)
• Data sufficiency (mathematics)
• Reading comprehension (reading and understanding original texts)
• Sentence correction (grammar, the ability to correctly form words into sentences and phrases, take into account the context)

Language education in the UK academic education

Today in Britain a great variety of different English courses are offered, several hundred schools, linguistic centers and camps operate. The most prestigious and top ones are accredited by the British Council, are members of ARELS (Association of Accredited English Language Schools) and other prestigious organizations and committees.

In England, every student can choose the right option for himself, regardless of age and academic needs. An integrated approach is practiced here: all basic skills (reading, listening, writing and speaking) are practiced together, in a single context and in close relationship together. If you choose short-term courses (for example, vacation courses), then the emphasis will be on the development of speech and communication skills.

Among the general variety of programs, there are several main types:

1) General, basic

It is offered by almost all educational institutions. Reading, writing and speaking, listening skills, grammar and vocabulary are studied, pronunciation and communication skills are improved. You can choose between standard, intensive and super-intensive options. Usually, lessons are held in the morning and lunch hours, and the rest of the time, students go in for sports and creativity, walk and communicate, prepare for lessons and go on excursions. Accordingly, the higher the academic intensity, the less time for leisure, but the faster the progress.

2) Exam preparation

This option is chosen by students who need to prepare for their chosen language test - IELTS, TOEFL, Cambridge CAE, Cambridge CPE and others - for admission to study or employment.

3) Academic year

In-depth, long-term study of the English language (from six months to a year), which implies additional preparation for entering a college or university. The advantage is the affordable cost and obvious financial benefits, the disadvantage is strictly fixed start dates.

4) Business English

Business English is extremely popular among specialists in all fields of activity - it is a global mutual language, without knowledge of which it is difficult to build a career in modern world. Business English courses are popular with students, current professionals and heads of large companies - in a word, for everyone who wants to quickly overcome the language barrier, easily conduct telephone and personal negotiations, conduct presentations and documentation, better understand their partners and colleagues around the world. Also, specialized knowledge of the language allows you to read the business press and track business news from all countries, study catalogs and websites in the original, hire staff from various states.
Most often, business English courses are built in combination with the main program: 15-20 common lessons+ 5-15 profile per week. Programs are designed in such a way as to take into account all the needs and requirements of a particular group of students, learn English in the right context and in the conditions of its practical application. Various supporting materials are actively used: real documentation, records, telephone conversations, mass media and the Internet; business role-playing games, simulated situations, discussions and seminars are constantly arranged. In addition to the general improvement of the language level, students learn business etiquette, behavior in various situations, negotiation and presentations, skills of working in an international team, the ability to pass and organize interviews or interviews. Business English courses can have a different thematic focus, capture narrower and more specialized areas: for example, there are courses for top managers, for young and novice businessmen, programs for specialists in various areas (tourism, law, medicine, logistics, human resources, secretariat and personal assistants, banking and insurance, energy, politics, and more).

5) English + recreation (sports, creativity, excursions, culture, etc.).

What parent would refuse the opportunity to organize for the child not only fun and exciting, but also useful holidays? Seasonal courses in the UK will help you relax and significantly improve your language level - and all this in an intercultural, friendly, comfortable environment. In addition to effective academic lessons, students attend a great variety of leisure and recreational activities, go on excursions, creative meetings and seminars, lectures by invited guests, go in for sports and creativity. The variety of combined courses is really amazing - there is a suitable option and price for absolutely any student! The proposed programs depend on the location of the institution (geography and climate), type of residence, type and intensity of language classes, opportunities for sports and outdoor activities, excursions, cultural richness of places.

Accommodation for students during their studies

Each adult student is free to choose the most comfortable place of residence for himself:

• Hotel or hotel (quiet and comfortable, a sufficient level of independence, excellent service; of the minuses is the price, especially in big cities like London)
• Student residence, hostel (an option for active and sociable people, constant communication with peers from other countries. The disadvantages include shared amenities, kitchens and lounges (they are more common than room amenities).
• Accommodation in a host family - this option is especially often chosen by students of short-term and seasonal courses ( low price food is offered. A great opportunity to constantly practice language skills with native speakers, learn more about British traditions, history, culture and customs).

For students who choose the longest programs, we most often recommend staying with a family for 1-2 months to begin with, in order to fully and calmly get used to and adapt to new environment, and only then, if necessary, change the choice of housing.

Employment of foreign students while studying in England

Usually in the UK, unlike in Russia, part-time work during training is not accepted. It is understood that if a person has chosen an expensive education abroad, then he is able to provide for himself, including accommodation and food. But many students start working not because of a lack of money, but to gain useful experience, make new acquaintances, get to know the life of the country from the inside and improve their English level as much as possible. Many educational institutions support this desire and are happy to help their students find temporary work.

According to official legislation, students can work up to 20 hours a week if their program lasts more than 6 months. Get ready for the fact that even a relatively high salary will not be able to cover the cost of studying, but it’s quite possible to compensate for the cost of food, transport and partially housing!

As in Russia, job offers are not diverse: usually they are representatives of unskilled professions - maids, couriers and loaders, assistants, sellers and dishwashers. If you have a really high level of English and you can prove that you communicate with native speakers on an equal footing, then you can be offered the position of a porter or registrar in a hotel, a waiter or a bartender (among other things, tips and meals are an additional advantage here, as well as the opportunity residence). There is also an opportunity to work for the family in which you live: some of the owners of the house need to sit with the child, help with cleaning or in the garden, walk the dog, go to the dry cleaners or the store - do not refuse such offers!

Where do you usually look for job offers?

• Among local acquaintances (“word of mouth”)
• In local newspapers and media
• On the notice board at your school (the best option is to find a part-time, weekend job)
• In special employment centers - they often work in educational institutions, compile their own databases, publish newspapers and booklets. Specialists will help you to draw up a short resume, suggest the most attractive and affordable, the best options, give recommendations on internships or work experience.

Please note the following restrictions regarding working abroad:

• You cannot work full time
• You cannot start your own business
• You cannot be a professional trainer or instructor
• The funds that you plan to earn cannot serve as a basis for obtaining a visa - you must prove your financial solvency without the need for work or government assistance. The exception is the salary that you plan to pay for positions directly at the college or university if you received such a valuable offer.

Primary education in the UK, Primary Education, begins at 5 years old although many British schoolchildren already go to school preparation programs at the age of 3-4. Primary education lasts six years, after which, at the age of 11, students move on to secondary school. Secondary education in the UK lasts five 5 years and is compulsory for students aged 11 to 16 years old. Most of the subjects studied in an English school are compulsory.

UK school graduates receive General Certificate of Secondary Education, abbreviated GCSE- General certificate of secondary education. Under British law, school graduates can start working, enroll in a vocational college or a preparatory program at a university.

2. Preparation for a university in the UK and vocational education

For admission to further education programs, you need British certificate about obtaining a complete secondary education GSCE or its equivalent - for example, the Russian Certificate of complete secondary education.

In the UK, there are 2 types of university preparation programs: A-levels and Foundation.

A-levels university preparation programs

At the end high school both British students and foreigners planning to receive their first higher education undergo two-year university preparation programs - A-levels. The presence of A-level programs distinguishes the British education system from the Russian one.

At A-levels, the student himself chooses subjects to study based on the requirements of the university in which he plans to enter. Upon completion of studies at A-levels, the student takes exams in 3-4 subjects studied. These exams are also university entrance exams.

University Preparation Programs International Foundation

Vocational education in the UK

Vocational programs in the UK provide the technical skills and experience needed for employment. Students can combine study and work. Many professional programs allow you to enter a British university for the first or second year of the first higher education.

Correlation with the Russian system of vocational education

British further education can be compared with vocational education in technical schools, colleges and colleges of the CIS countries. The concept of "subsequent" education includes all types of education after school, except for higher education - these are professional programs and programs of preparation for entering universities. In English, British further education is called Further Education.

3. Higher education in the UK

British Master's Degrees

Abbreviation	Transcription in English	Title in Russian
MA	Master of Arts	M.A
MA (Hons)	Master of Arts	M.A
MBA	Master of Business Administration	Master of Business Administration
MComp	Master of Computer Science	Master of Computer Science
MEng	Master of Engineering	Master of Engineering
LLMs	Master of Law	Master of Laws
MSc	Master of Science	Master of Science Example: MSc International Accounting and Corporate Governance

Level 3: PhD - UK Postgraduate

Postgraduate study in the UK, like the master's degree, is a postgraduate level ( postgraduate). On the websites of universities, these programs are most often referred to as "Research programs" or "PhD programmes". PhD programs at British universities are, in fact, equivalent Russian programs graduate school. However, in terms of the level of requirements and the quality of the research work, these programs gravitate towards Russian doctoral studies.

In the UK, most PhD programs are research projects which involve attending lectures and training seminars only at the beginning of the program. The supervisor, in whose laboratory or department the student prepares for the defense of the dissertation, determines the topic for the student scientific research and provides the necessary research resources.

It usually takes 3-4 years to complete a research program. By the end of this period, the student must publish the results and write a dissertation based on the published materials.

What kind of education is needed to enter a British graduate school

To enter the PhD program, you need a master's degree from a Russian, British or other foreign university. A specialist diploma issued by Russian universities is recognized in Britain as a diploma of the first higher education, and in most cases a specialist diploma will not be sufficient for admission to graduate school.

British Postgraduate Degrees

PhD degree, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD, assigned to the student after the successful defense of the dissertation.

Also, postgraduate education programs can lead to doctoral degrees in certain sciences, for example: Doctor of Education ( Doctor of Education, EdD) or Doctor of Business Administration ( Doctor of Business Administration, DBA).

The main difference between the Doctor of Education program and the Doctor of Philosophy in Education (PhD in Education) is that the first program allows you to cover a wider range of subjects related to education and focus on one research problem only at the end of training.

The DBA degree is also a research degree. Such programs are aimed at developing the theory and practice of business administration and management.

Educational institutions for PhD programs

With few exceptions, PhD and other research programs are offered by large multidisciplinary universities with highly qualified academic staff, extensive research facilities and significant research budgets. Read more about how to apply for a UK PhD program here.

Adapted from Quality Assurance Agency (QAA), OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report: UK, The European Educational Directory.

Particularly well represented in the UK elite education system.

High-ranking families from around the world try to enroll their children in prestigious British schools or universities, as studying in them guarantees not only the acquisition of deep knowledge, but the acquisition of secular manners, the British style of behavior and wide connections in the world of business and politics.

british system sufficient flexibility. Among the many different training courses, you can always find exactly the one that suits you, and, if desired, the selected subjects can be changed.

Regardless of age, nationality and religion, anyone who successfully passes the entrance examinations can study at educational institutions in the UK (you must pass an international English exam, documents from the school, sometimes pass the test of the educational institution)

Secondary education

Modern education system in the UK consists of four stages: primary (Elementary School), secondary (Secondary School), vocational or post-school (Further Education) and higher (Higher Education).

preschool education takes place in kindergartens and preschool classes. Primary education is received by children from 5 to 11-12 years old. From the age of 5, children attend two-year schools for toddlers (pre-preparatory school), from 7 to 11 years old - primary schools (primary, elementary or preparatory school). From the age of 11-12, the stage of secondary education begins for children.

The UK has public and private schools. All schools adhere to the same educational minimum. Compulsory free secondary education for schoolchildren under 16 was introduced by law.

School graduates take final exams and receive GCSE certificate of secondary education(General Certificate of Secondary Education). This certificate is sufficient to start self-employment, but does not give the right to enter higher education institutions.

Public Schools(State Schools)- free, designed for teaching English children, as well as for foreigners from 8 to 18 years old, whose parents have the right to permanent residence in the UK.

International Colleges (International Colleges)- secondary educational institutions that accept only foreign students from 14 to 18 years old. Accommodation is offered both in student dormitories (on the school grounds) and in host families.

AT international colleges training is conducted in accordance with british system secondary school. Subjects taught: mathematics, physics, algebra and geometry, chemistry, biology, geography, human anatomy, sociology, political science, fundamentals of legislation, statistics, history, music, fine arts, computers and programming, English, English literature, fundamentals of religion, one or more foreign languages ​​(French, German, Spanish, etc.).

In addition to the main subjects, each school has additional ones, such as Latin, accounting, business basics, economics, and some others.

International Colleges along with school programs offer preparatory programs (Foundation) for university applicants. After successful graduation, graduates are enrolled in universities with which there is an agreement on the recognition of the status of these courses. For foreigners who want to get higher education in the UK, this is a very convenient opportunity.

The main condition for admission to a British university is the presence international certificate for English language.

Year of study for preparatory courses- good practice and preparation for self-study in English at the university, and, in addition, the opportunity to prepare and pass the required language exam.

Private schools (Independent Schools)- a more prestigious form of education mainly for English children (85%). The percentage of foreign students should be no more than 15%. These schools cater for children between the ages of 8 and 18.

Good private schools are independent, well-equipped educational institutions that own about several hundred hectares of land, on the territory of which educational buildings are located, athletic facilities, swimming pool, residences for living. Accommodation is mainly in residence, but some schools offer accommodation in local families.

Public and private boarding schools, as a rule, have a good reputation, a long history and traditions.

Professional education

In addition to schools in Britain, there are Tertiary Colleges that offer professional (Vocational) education and are an alternative to A Level programs.

Professional education, received at Tertiary College, assumes a professional activity after graduation, while A Level programs are prepared for admission to the university.

Educational programs are constantly changing. The qualifications that are awarded at the end of these programs are also changing. Below are the most common professional qualifications.

NVQ (National Vocational Qualification).

This qualification is for practical work. It confirms the ability of a graduate to perform a certain job in a particular area of ​​business or production. NVQ standards are based on the real requirements of employers and reflect their practical needs.

NVQ qualifications are now possible in most areas of manufacturing and commerce. There are 5 levels of NVQ from Foundation Skills (NVQ 1) to Professional (NVQ 5). In order to qualify, it is necessary to show in practice the ability to perform work in accordance with established standards.

The training takes place directly at the workplace. The training program consists of separate modules that can be mastered independently. There is no set period of study during which the program must be completed.

GNVQ (General National Vocational Qualification).

Unlike A Levels, it is suitable for those who are prone to practical activities. The GNVQ, like the NVQ, is a multi-level qualification that provides a foundation of knowledge in the chosen field that the student can use to continue their studies at colleges of further education, university entrance (GNVQ Advanced) or employment. The Advanced level requires nearly two years of study to complete.

ND (National Diploma).

This qualification is similar to the GNVQ Advanced qualification. Colleges of Further Education allow you to complete a further education program that ends with exams and the issuance of the highest national diploma (Higher National Diploma, commonly abbreviated - HND).

HND can be obtained after two years of study in almost any academic or professional specialty.

In the field of vocational education, diplomas issued by one of the three main examination committees are most highly valued and recognized: the CGLI (City & Guilds of London Institute) diploma, the RSA (Royal Society of Arts) diploma, and the BTEC (Business and Technical Education Council) diploma. Many colleges are authorized to issue degrees on behalf of one of these examination boards.

Other institutions issue either their own diplomas and certificates or diplomas from other examination committees. Highest value HND diploma is for those who are going to immediately engage in professional activities, after receiving a bachelor's degree.

In terms of professional career, this diploma allows you to move up the career ladder within the technical secondary or junior management team firms, enterprises, institutions.

Diploma allows you to enter the university in one of the programs leading to a bachelor's degree and receive a degree in just two years.

To enroll in HND programs, you must have a GCE / A Level, GNVQ Advanced, or National Diploma certificate of secondary education.

The definition of "Further Education" in the UK refers to professional education not leading to a degree or its equivalent. The definition of "higher education" (Higher Education) in the UK refers to programs whose purpose is to award a degree (Degree): Bachelor Degree, Master Degree or Doctoral (Doctoral or PhD Degree).

Higher education

In England and Wales, a bachelor's degree requires three years of study; in Scotland, four. In the case when obtaining a degree requires not only study, but also industrial practice (Sandwich courses), the total period will be correspondingly extended.

At some universities and colleges, those students who intend to earn a degree in some specific field, such as art and design, are required to first take a basic course and then spend three years in their chosen field.

Training course ending with a bachelor's degree, in fields such as medicine, dentistry and architecture, usually lasts up to seven years.

Bachelor degree. There are several options for the bachelor's degree awarded in the UK. Their name depends on the specialization. The four main degrees are Bachelor of Arts BA (Bachelor of Arts), Bachelor of Science BSC (Bachelor of Science), Bachelor of Engineering BENG (Bachelor of Engineering), Bachelor of Law LLB (Bachelor of Law). There is also a Bachelor of Medicine and Dentistry.

The bachelor's degree is awarded after three or four years of specialized full-time study at a university or college. The British Bachelor's degree is recognized all over the world, which gives high chances for a successful professional career in any country. Bachelor Degree is the first stage of higher education. The second step is the Master Degree.

Postgraduate Courses. This level of education begins after a bachelor's degree and leads to a master's and doctoral degree.

Master's Degree. There are two types of programs: programs focused on research activities and programs focused on professional development in one of the specializations.

As a rule, master's programs consist of a course of lectures and seminars, exams are taken, then students make a graduation project. According to the results of exams and defense thesis a master's degree is awarded.

Master's research degree (Research) is called the Master of Philosophy M.Phil (Master of Philosophy). This degree is obtained after 1-2 years of independent scientific work under the supervision of a supervisor. Based on the results of this work, a master's degree is awarded.

Doctoral Degree (Doctor of Philosophy - Doctoral or PhD Degree). In the UK, most doctoral programs are purely research projects. No lectures or training seminars are usually held.

The supervisor, in whose laboratory or department the student is preparing for the doctoral degree, determines the topic of scientific research for the student and provides the necessary research opportunities ( workplace, Equipment and materials).

It takes 2-3 years to complete a research program. By the end of this period, the student must publish the results obtained in official reports, in scientific or specialized journals, and write a dissertation based on published materials. The doctoral degree is awarded after successfully defending a dissertation.

TEN- a group (association) of independent British schools with a very high reputation operating in the market educational services over 30 years.

The Association was founded in 2010 to carry out joint marketing activities and exchange of experience, which improves the quality of work of school personnel with foreign students.

TEN member schools are located in ten different UK cities: London, Cambridge, Eastbourne, Brighton, Bournemouth, Torquay, Bristol, Oxford and Chester.

BEET Language Center- a small "chamber" school, founded in 1979, is located in the city of Bournemouth. Highly qualified teaching staff ensures the quality of education. A center for the training of teachers of English as a foreign language has been established on the basis of the school. www.beet.co.uk

Cambridge Academy of English- the school was founded in 1975, located on the outskirts of Cambridge, offers quality English programs for foreign students, specialized programs such as English + business, English + law, academic English (preparation for the university).

In the summer, on the basis of private boarding schools Moreton Hall and Princes Helena College, it offers interesting and high-quality programs for students from 9 to 17 years old. www.cabridgeacademy.co.uk

Eastbourne School of English- one of the oldest language schools in the UK, founded in 1936. Located in the heart of the resort town of Eastbourne, where there are many restaurants, cafes, three theaters, a cinema and a lot of greenery. All year round accepts foreign students over 18 years old. The school is a center for the training of teachers of English as a foreign language. www.esoe.co.uk

Excel English- the school offers quality programs for students accredited by the British Council, and the combination of professional teachers and excellent technical equipment allows students to learn the material in the shortest possible time.

Here you can see modernized classrooms, the combination of green and yellow has a positive effect on the psychological state of students and the comprehensibility of the material. The school is located in one of the expensive residential areas of London, with gardens where you can relax after school. www.excelenlish.co.uk

English in Chester School founded in 1976 as a medium-sized private school, of which there are many in the UK. As a rule, this is a family business that guarantees you quality in everything from training and accommodation to interesting leisure activities. There is only one reason for this - the desire of the owners that you like it, and you would like to return.

Here is a wonderful habitat, a good national composition. At the same time, students from Italy, Switzerland, Spain, Germany, France, North Korea, the Czech Republic and Russia study here. www.english-in-chester.co.uk

Oxford English Center- the school was founded in 1979, located in an old building in the heart of Oxford, close to university colleges, well equipped (in classrooms interactive whiteboards), is an authorized admission center for TOEIC, BULATS (business). Here students can study General English and English for professional purposes. www.oxfordenglish.co.uk

The English Language Centre, Brighton- The school was founded in 1962 as an independent educational institution. 2012 marks the 50th anniversary of its founding. Located in an old building of the Victorian era in the white-stone resort of Brighton, on the coast.

Offers quality programs for adult students throughout the year, is an authorized admission center for TOEIC BULATS. www.elc-brighton.co.uk

The English Language Centre, Bristol- a small family school, located in two old buildings near Clifton University in Bristol. Beautiful bright classrooms, a well-equipped computer laboratory enable students to master the material well.

The school offers a wide range of English language programs for international students. Provides an individual approach to each student. www.elcbristol.co.uk

Torquay International School, Torquay- the school has existed for 40 years, located in the wonderful seaside town of the same name on the British Riviera in Devon. Accepts students from the age of 16. Particular attention is paid to teaching English for professional purposes, including business English, English for financial professionals.

Organizes an interesting program of active events in the afternoon. Provides an individual approach to each student. www.tisenglish.co.uk

Wimbledon School of English- a small building in one of the districts of London - Wimbledon, surrounded by a wonderful garden, a 5-minute walk from Wimbledon station.

Technical equipment (interactive whiteboards in almost every class) in combination with highly qualified teachers ensures high results when moving from level to level.

Offers English for professionals, preparation for international English exams, courses for teachers.

The UK education system is perhaps one of the most conservative in the world. This is partly due to her age - the appearance of the first secondary schools in the country and Oxford University dates back to the 12th century. From that time to this day, discipline and a high level of teaching quality remain the main distinguishing features of the British educational system. However, this does not mean that it does not undergo any changes. Against, English system education not only keeps pace with the times, but often is ahead of it: the pursuit of excellence and respect for traditions here coexist perfectly with the latest educational programs and practices.

Pre-school education in England

Preparation for school in the UK begins in kindergarten. From 2 to 5 years old, children learn to read, write and count. The academic load is small, the emphasis is on discipline and general education. At the same time, the state finances only 15 hours of kindergarten classes per week, so if you plan to give the child away for a longer period, you will have to pay extra from your own budget. Parents send their children to preschool institutions at will, and only the school stage is obligatory - from 5 to 18 years.

The secondary education system of England

Secondary education in England includes four main steps(Key Stages): primary from 5 to 7 years and from 7 to 11, secondary for children from 11 to 14 and from 14 to 16. Set compulsory subjects(Core Subjects) varies by age. In elementary school, children learn English, math, history, geography, music, industrial technology and art. From the age of 11, Core Subjects include English, mathematics and science (basics of chemistry, biology and physics). The rest of the subjects, the student, together with their parents, chooses based on their own preferences. From 14 to 16 years old, students prepare for the GCSE exam (General Certificate of Secondary Education - Certificate of Secondary Education).

In 2015, the English legislation on compulsory education has changed: previously it was limited to the age of 16 years. Today's students have to spend another 2 years at their desks. Those who plan to get to work as quickly as possible go to vocational colleges. After 2 years of study, they receive GNVQ "s (certificate of secondary specialized education) or BTEC"s (diploma of secondary technical education). Those who are interested in further admission to the university stay at the school for sixth form. During this period - 16 to 18 years old - students are preparing for the delivery of A-levels in selected subjects.

According to the type of funding, UK schools are divided into public and private. Unlike many countries, the gap between public and private educational institutions in England is not so great: the level of secondary education in the country is monitored at the state level. Although, of course, private schools are distinguished by stronger training: the presence of a material and technical base and a high level of teaching staff, and the intimacy of classes, and even the historical heritage that a large part of boarding schools can boast of. Many of them have been working for more than one century, and the oldest ones did - they appeared in the XII century under the Catholic churches.

It is worth noting that historically in England there was a separate education. Some private schools have maintained this approach to this day: many Britons believe that it is easier for boys and girls to focus on their studies. Public schools are mostly mixed.

The grading system in British schools is alphabetic: from A * (excellent) to U (extremely unsatisfactory). In some private educational institutions, a second mark is also given - for diligence, from 1 (active work and interest in the subject) to 5 (the student does not try at all). Double assessment is very convenient for both the student and his parents. It seems to restore justice, because it often happens that some subject is not given, despite great efforts, and bad grades finally demotivate.

The academic year in an English school is divided into trimesters, each lasting 12 weeks. The number of lessons depends on the age of the students, but always includes art and sports. Much attention is paid to general education: schools try to develop in children leadership skills, curiosity, nurture free individuals who know how to make choices, defend their point of view, strive for professional development, and at the same time be worthy members of society who have the right to be called true ladies and gentlemen. It is noteworthy that educational traditions are especially strong in private boarding schools for boys.

In general, the system of secondary education in England is assessed positively, although the level of student preparation has shown some reversal in recent years. Thus, according to the monitoring of the assessment of the quality of education in PISA schools (Programme for International Student Assessment) for 2015, the UK got 15th place. In 2009 - only 24, and in 2000 - 7. According to experts, the fluctuations are mainly associated with a less stable level of teaching in the public school sector. As for private establishments, their performance remains fairly consistently high from year to year.

UK higher education system

The system of higher education in Great Britain is considered one of the most perfect in the world - this is demonstrated both by the world rankings of higher educational institutions and the demand for specialists who graduated from the universities of Foggy Albion. It is believed that it was the British educational model that formed the basis of the Bologna educational system.

The higher education sector in the country includes:

• classical universities and university colleges(University Colleges), in which great attention is given to research activities.
• polytechnics(Polytechnics) and colleges of higher education(Colleges of Higher Education), where specialists in applied specialties are trained.

Education includes 3 stages: bachelor's degree (3 years of study, with the exception of Scotland), master's degree (1-2 years) and doctoral studies (2-3 years). The academic year consists of 3 trimesters. Classes are held both in the classical format of lectures and seminars, and in the form of independent work and tutorials (works in small groups with a mentor-tutor). The progress of students is assessed by intermediate work (essays, term papers, projects) and by the results of final exams. The system for calculating the average score depends on the university and can be either a point score or a percentage.

Despite the inherent conservatism of the British, they are constantly working on improving the education system, introducing innovative methods teaching and actively using modern technologies. So, under the influence of market needs, so-called "sandwich courses" appeared in many universities - periods of work experience that can last up to a year and are considered part of the training.

But, of course, British higher education institutions are mainly famous for their strong academic preparation, which has absorbed the best of the centuries-old history of education in this country. Students from all over the world come here for quality, ready to pay a lot of money for a coveted diploma: a year of study at an English university costs from 10,000 to 25,000 pounds sterling.

Understanding the importance of higher education not only in terms of reputation, but also economic benefits, the government regulates the quality of education at the state level. To do this, the country has the Educational Quality Assurance Authority (QAA), which checks the “academic standards” and “academic quality” of universities. Thus, a student of any educational institution in the UK can be sure that he will receive an up-to-date education, and his diploma will be quoted in any country in the world.

The UK education system successfully combines adherence to traditions and advanced educational technologies. Its goal is not so much the encyclopedic knowledge of students in any area, but the comprehensive development of the individual, the focus on obtaining knowledge and professional development. It is not surprising that graduates of British educational institutions are so in demand in the global labor market and show excellent career growth.