Ways subordination the following: coordination, control, adjunction

Coordination as a way of subordination

• Coordination- this is a type of subordination when the dependent word takes grammatical forms the main word, for example: a beautiful picture.

main word when agreed, there are a noun, a substantiated adjective or participle (that is, it has passed into the category of nouns), as well as a pronoun, a noun, for example: high spirits, student canteen.

dependent word can be an adjective, pronoun-adjective, ordinal number or participle, i.e. such categories of words in which the categories of gender, number and case are not independent, for example: the right decision, our meeting.

Management as a way of subordination

• Control- a type of subordinating connection, when the dependent word is used in that indirect case that requires the main word, for example: write a book, click teeth, advise a friend (to whom? dative case);

main word when managing, it can act as a verb (to enjoy meeting), a noun (love for people), an adjective (worthy of regret), an adverb (not far from the city), ordinal number (first in class).

When driving dependent word nouns, noun pronouns, substantiated adjectives (cover with snow, conversation with workers) always appear.

Adjacency as a way of subordination

• adjoining- this is a kind of syntactic connection when an unchangeable dependent word is attached to the main one in meaning. For example: Very nice (how nice?).

Adjoining invariable words: infinitive, adverb, simple form comparative degree, gerund, some invariable adjectives (order to advance, door to the left, a little south).

Infinitive adjoins the verb (try to answer, came to visit), noun (desire to make peace), adjective (intends to rest)

Comparative forms adjoin the verb (answer better, run faster), to the noun (the news is more interesting, the drink is stronger)

Participles adjoin the verb in cases where the meaning of the adverb develops in them (read lying, sleep sitting).

Invariable adjectives such as beige, mini, maxi, Hindi, midi, flared, etc. adjoin nouns (Hindi language, peak hours).

Distinguish between connection and control

• Her shoes- this is an adjunction (whose?),
• To see him- management (of whom?).

In the ranks of pronouns there are two homonymous ranks. The personal pronoun answers the questions of indirect cases, and it participates in the subordinating connection - this is control, and the possessive participates in the adjunction.

• run to the store- management,
• go here- junction.

It is important to distinguish between the prepositional case form and the adverb, because there may be the same questions! If there is a preposition between the main and dependent word, then this is management.

one). Verbs with different controls as homogeneous members suggestions:

Words with different controls can be used as homogeneous members if each of them has its own dependent words used in the right case. For example:

She was waiting for (who?) him (V.p.) and called (who?) him (D.p.) all evening.

Pronouns often help to build such sentences correctly:

Children rarely listen (to what?) to the advice (D.p. with the preposition to) of adults and follow (what?) them (D.p.).
The people were exhausted but believed (into what?) in victory (V.p. with the preposition c) and hoped (for what?) on her (D.p. with a preposition on).

2). Different control for verbs and nouns:

be interested in art (T.p.) - interest in art (L.p.)
love literature (V.p.) - love for literature (L.p.)
hate disorder (V.p.) - hate for disorder (L.p.)
respect colleagues (V.p.) - respect for colleagues (D.p.)
trust a friend (D.p.) - trust in friends (D.p.)
sympathize with the weak (D.p.) - sympathy for the weak (D.p. with a pretext)

3). Different controls for words with similar meanings:

worry about something (P.p.) - worry about something (V.p.)
pay for something (V.p.) - pay for something (V.p. with the preposition behind)
pay for the fare (V.p. with the pretext behind) - pay for travel (V.p.)
pay attention to something (D.p.) - pay attention to something (V.p. with the preposition on the)
inform someone (D.p.) - inform someone (V.p.)
reproach for something (pp. with the pretext in) - to condemn for something (V.p. with the pretext behind)
feedback about something (pp. with the preposition about) - a review of something (V.p. with the preposition on the)
faith in something (V.p. with the preposition in (in)) - confidence in something (V.p. with the preposition c)
characteristic of something (D.p.) - characteristic of something (R.p. with the preposition for)

4) Different control for verbs with and without negation:

Noticing the reaction (V.p.) - not noticing the reaction (R.p.)
He noticed (what?) the reaction of the audience to his words. - From excitement, he did not notice (what?) The audience's reaction to his words.

5) The use of the names of works of literature and art.

In "War and Peace"In the movie "War and Peace" actor V. Tikhonov played the role of Prince Andrei.
After words - generic designations, for example, fairy tale, novel, story, short story, painting, film and others similar, naming the genre of a work of literature or art, the proper name is put in the nominative case. If there are no such words in the sentence, then the names of works of literature and art are used in those cases that are necessary for the context of the sentence.

In the fairy tale "Turnip" or: In "Turnip"
In the movie "War and Peace" either: In "War and Peace"
In the ballet "The Nutcracker" either: In "The Nutcracker

REMEMBER
Many verbs require a specific case of the noun after them.

The genitive case is required by the verbs:

Achieve, achieve, desire, crave, want, expect, do, be afraid, beware, be afraid, avoid, lose, be afraid, be ashamed, shun, cost, seek, ask, demand, etc. (whom? what?)

Negative verbs: not to see, not to notice, not to hear, etc. (whom? what?)

The dative case requires verbs:

to whom? what?

To give, to believe, to trust, to threaten, to indulge, to learn, to rejoice, to smile, to speak, to answer, to threaten, to threaten, to object, to bow, to nod, to wave, to horn, to call, to write, to speak, to tell, to announce, to answer, to explain, to report, like, seem, interfere, harm, take revenge, change, harm, take revenge, annoy, disgust, give, buy, bring, send, show, help, promise, dream, etc. (to whom? what?)

All transitive verbs require the accusative case:

whom? what?

Give, donate, sell, buy, send, show, promise, build, sew, clean, wash, erase, take, put, set, hang, see, look, hear, listen, feel, experience, notice, love, hate, despise, respect, appreciate, remember, understand, study, decide, teach, tell, explain, inform, speak, thank, congratulate, remember, meet, scold, wait, etc. (whom? what?)

The instrumental case requires verbs:

by whom? how?

To rule, to direct, to dispose, to command, to manage, to rule, to manage, to be carried away, to be interested in, to engage in, to admire, to admire, to admire, to enjoy, to be proud, to admire, to admire, to be captivated, to cherish, to own, to use, to possess, to master, to boast, to be proud, brag, swear, trade, donate, take risks, be, become, become, appear, turn out, stay, reckon, be known, be called, etc. (by whom? what?)

Many verbs are characterized by double control:

Give, transfer, hand over, issue, sell, return, donate, hand over, provide, entrust, assign, leave something to someone
to say, to explain, to announce, to inspire, to tell, to declare, to answer, to promise, to recommend something to someone
Promise, guarantee someone something
teach someone something
Consider, imagine, recognize, imagine, name, depict, scold, declare someone to be someone

Norm Options

Want, desire, crave, ask, deserve a reward - rewards ( V.p. and R.p), but: deserve a reward (V.p.)
Ask for advice, permission - advice, permission ( R.p. and V.p.)
Wait for a train, a call - a train, a call ( R.p. and V.p.), but wait for my grandmother, sister ( V.p.)
Give, take, get, receive, send, buy, put, pour, pour, drink, take a sip, taste water, sugar - water, sugar (V.p. and R.p.)

ATTENTION

Missing (what? Whom?) Work, home, mother, husband.

But with pronouns : miss (for whom?) for us, for you.

Management in Russian- this is a subordinating connection that characterizes the requirement of the main word in the phrase to put the dependent in a certain case. This relationship is very flexible and can change frequently.

Management of words that are close in meaning- one of the most difficult syntactic norms to understand and study, which is why errors are often observed when this norm is observed. Who among us has not heard the following syntax errors: He is so worried about me. The question of my financial situation haunts him.

There are two errors in these two sentences. Word "worry" requires an excuse "o (both)" and putting the dependent word into the prepositional case, therefore, it would be correct to say: He's so worries about me.

As for the second sentence, here it would also be appropriate to use the preposition "about" and prepositional case: Question about my material position does not give him rest.

Verbs of visual perception usually require the accusative form of the object with the preposition "on": to look at the mountains. That is why in phrases with verbs that are close in meaning, the same control is applied, although it is incorrect:

Admire the picture - admire the picture (corr.).

Next phrases with similar words it is worth memorizing so as not to be considered ignorant and not to spoil the impression of listeners or readers about yourself:

The true price of happiness - fuel prices - the cost of fish

Characteristic for a girl - inherent in a man

Pay attention to the girl - pay attention to the weather - increase attention to the problem of raising teenagers

Typical for a driver - typical for a policeman

Affect the demographic situation - have an impact on the birth rate

Deal with problems - unravel problems

Priority in discovery - patent for invention

Get accustomed to the flock - get used to the team

Familiar for girls - familiar to everyone

hinder development - hinder development

Filled with Joy - Filled with Joy

warn against error - warn about error

Dominance over an opponent - advantage over an opponent

Show strength - testify to strength

Movie review - movie review

Condemn to death - sentence to death

Identical to the former scheme - similar to the former scheme

Get home - drive home

Worry about the child - worry about the child

Also in Russian there are phrases in which there may be substitution of the control of one word for the control of another, which has the same meaning. Below we present examples of management errors, which are often found in colloquial speech, and also oppose them to the correct version:

afraid of mother - afraid of mother

The crown of art - the crown of art

To reach twenty centimeters in length - to reach twenty centimeters in length

What we have been able to achieve - what we have been able to achieve

The key to success is the key to success

avoid danger - avoid danger

to conjure something - to conjure over something

Take part in the fair - take part in the fair.

If a lexical compatibility- this is the ability of a word to be combined with a certain range of other words, then grammatical compatibility- this is the ability of a word to determine the setting of a dependent word in a certain case, with or without a preposition: leave the room, student's notebook, talk to a friend, perpendicular to the given line.

Grammatical (syntactic) compatibility words define it grammatical meaning, related to a particular class or category. Any word as a unit grammatical category has a fairly strict set of syntactic links with other words. The rules of grammatical compatibility regulate are manifested in the ability of a word to enter into various grammatical relations with other words. For example, adjectives are easily combined with nouns ( dear friend, cheerful person, sunny day etc.), but do not combine with cardinal numbers and verbs.

Let's pay attention to the following cases:

1. With transitive verbs that are used with negation not, direct object can be expressed not only in the accusative case, but also in the genitive. In the accusative case, nouns are more often used, denoting specific objects: don't read a book, drink water, speak words, and in the genitive - nouns denoting abstract concepts: pay no mind, don't fear the dangers.

But in some cases, only a certain case is used.

2. The genitive case is used in the following cases:

If negation not strengthened by negative pronouns like none, nobody, nothing:

If the role of the predicate is a verb with a particle not, which is combined with abstract noun: The meeting did not accept the proposal to raise wages.

Only the accusative case is used if the negation not stands before the personal form of the verb, followed by the infinitive and then the direct object: She couldn't make that decision.

3. Avoid:

Arrangement by a chain of several identical case forms: A study of the state of studying the introduction of new technologies in production led to disappointing conclusions;

Case forms with the same prepositions: thousands of townspeople who came to the square for the rally;

Uses with transitive verbs of nouns in the nominative and accusative cases, if they coincide in form: The paddle touched the dress.

It is necessary to distinguish between the control of nouns, adjectives and verbs that are similar in meaning:

to be a participant in something - to participate in something;

to worry about something - to worry about something;

belief in something - belief in something;

pleased with something - happy with something;

cherish something - appreciate something;

to think about something - to think of something;

to reward something - to honor something;

fill with something - full of something;

to start something - to start something;

to distinguish something from something - to distinguish between what and what;

to report on something - to make a report on something;

to lean on something - to rest against something;

to write about something - to describe something;

pay for something - pay for something;

full of something - full of something;

to warn against something - to warn about something;

to impede something - to slow down something;

to be disappointed in something - to be dissatisfied with something;

to be surprised at something - to be surprised by something, to admire something;

to reproach for something - to reproach with something.

Pay attention to the use of the following words and phrases:

allergic to something pollen allergy;

alternative to something diet alternative;

full face - adverb, used with a verb without a preposition, draw full face;

airport what? where?, in the airoport;

ball, about what? on what?, about the ball, at the ball;

worry about someone, about something, worries about the son;

thanks to whom? what?, thanks to a friend

in spite of anything in spite of fatigue;

(dis)harmonize with something, (dis)harmonize with tone;

craving for something thirst for reading;

complaint against someone complaint against Ivanov;

avoid someone or something avoid meeting;

immunity to something immunity to poisons;

supervise someone supervise an employee;

watching someone or something weather monitoring;

be offended by someone or something be offended by a classmate;

substantiate something. substantiate the statement;

pay for something pay the fare but pay, pay for something, pay for travel;

feedback on something movie review;

neglect something, someone, neglect help;

to prevent something hinder the implementation of the plan;

review of something book review;

miss someone or something miss your son, miss him;

belonging to someone his characteristic manner;

talent for something talent for music;

the trend of something fashion trends;

pay attention to someone or something pay attention to friends;

blame something accuse of misunderstanding;

characterization of someone student characteristic.

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Control- this is a subordinating connection, in which the main word in the phrase requires the setting of a dependent name in a certain case. Not all governance norms are equally strong. Some of them are easily distorted.

1. Big number errors in the construction of structures with a control connection are associated with the influence of words close in meaning and their control.

For example, in a TV show, a journalist, addressing an interlocutor, said: “Let me remind you that a year ago you claimed the opposite”. Verb recall can have only one dependent word - in the accusative case ( remember something), while the single-root verb remind can have two dependent forms: accusative and dative (with the meaning of the speech addressee) - remind someone of something. Under the influence of this verb, a construction arises remember you, unacceptable from the point of view of the norms of the literary language.

A similar influence of the control of words close in meaning can be observed, for example, in a group of verbs with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling, information transfer ( prove, explain, explain and etc.). Influenced by combinations like: think about something, talk about something- in speech, the often erroneous use of the complement in the prepositional case with the preposition o ( about anything) for such, for example, verbs:

With verbs of visual perception, the object is usually expressed in the form of the accusative case with the preposition on ( look at the picture). Under the influence of this construction in speech, frequency errors of the type: admire the sea instead of the normative admire the sea.

note to control the following verbs: watch someone; take a closer look to someone, something .

A similar phenomenon can be observed when using the word full face(facing the speaker). Influenced by design take a profile picture a common mistake is to use the preposition in and with the word full face in similar combinations. The normative structure will be as follows: take a picture full face.

note on the difference in control of words that are close in meaning:

• worry about your son - worry about your son;
• to be indignant at his words - to be offended by his words;
• the issue of construction - problems with construction;
• marvel at patience - admire patience;
• get to the village - drive up to the village;
• identical to the previous wording - similar to the previous wording;
• to derive income from the rental of apartments - to receive income from the rental of apartments;
• ignorance of the problem - unfamiliarity with the problem;
• take offense at a cold reception - offend with a cold reception;
• pay attention to your health - pay attention to your health;
• preoccupied / preoccupied with affairs - anxiety about affairs / for affairs;
• be based on the results of the study - be based on the results of the study;
• condemn to eternal hard labor - to sentence to eternal hard labor;
• review of the monograph - review of the monograph;
• affect the results - to influence the results;
• to report on one's work / on work - to be responsible for one's work;
• show power - testify to power;
• superiority over him is an advantage over him;
• warn against danger - warn of danger;
• filled with anxiety - imbued with anxiety;
• hinder development - hinder development;
• familiar to us - familiar to us;
• get used to the team - get used to the team;
• priority in discovery - patent for discovery;
• sort things out - get untangled with things;
• affect the economy - have an impact on the economy;
• typical for him - peculiar to him;
• pay attention to the problem - pay attention to the problem - increase attention to the problem;
• characteristic of him - inherent in him;
• the true price of a person is the price of bread - the cost of bread.

When these words are used in speech, the control of one word is replaced by the control of another, close in meaning. For the same reason, errors and shortcomings are frequent when using a number of words from different parts of speech:

• be afraid of mother(colloquial: afraid of mother);
• the crown of art(wrong: the crown of art);
• reach seventy centimeters in length(wrong: reach seventy centimeters in length);
• what we have achieved(wrong: what we have achieved);
• recipe for success(wrong: guarantee of success);
• touch the issue(outdated: touch the issue);
• avoid danger(wrong: avoid danger);
• fiddle with something(wrong: conjure something);
• affect salary(wrong: affect salary);
• take part in the fair(wrong: take part in the fair).

2. Very often, the speaker does not take into account that in Russian the same-root words of different parts of speech can have different controls:

to be surprised at his patience - surprised at his patience; angry at a stupid joke - angry at a stupid joke.

So, nouns formed from transitive verbs do not require the accusative, as with the verb, but the genitive case:

At the same time, in most cases, cognate words have the same control. Therefore, the constructions will be erroneous:

dedicate your life to the service of the people; put the wealth of the country at the service of the people(regulatory management: serve the people serve the people serve the people).

3. In speech, errors associated with the substitution of control of single-root words are frequent.

note on the combination of such words:

• believe in victory - confidence in victory;
• replace an old part with a new one - replace an old part with a new one;
• pay / pay / pay the fare - pay the fare;
• telephone call charge - call charge;
• join the conversation join the conversation;
• to distinguish between friends and enemies - to distinguish friends from enemies;
• check the photo with the original - check the time by phone.

4. Differences in management may be due to the use of the word in different constructions and in different meanings.

For example, the word warranty in the meaning of "guarantee" appears in constructions: guarantee of success; guarantee that... ; the guarantee is...; in the meaning of "document attached to the product" - in the design: two year warranty. An error is the substitution of one construct for another (wrong: There is no guarantee that this campaign promise will be kept; should say: There is no guarantee that this campaign promise will be kept).

Similar errors occur when using a noun management. Design guide than is used if the word is used in the meaning of "directing the activity of managing someone, something", that is, when referring to the process ( leadership of the strikers; managing such a large plant requires organizational talent). Design what guide typical for those cases when the noun appears in the meaning of “leaders; body managing an enterprise, organization" ( the management of the department decided to cut the number of employees by half).

Participle interested in the meaning of "connected with practical interests, practical benefit with something" governs the prepositional case with the preposition in ( They are interested in cooperation with our firm); in the meaning of "showing interest in someone, something" - instrumental (He is much more interested in his chemistry than his wife.).

Verb go(and derivatives from it) in the meaning of "intended, used, used for any purpose" is used in constructions: go for something and go into something. First ( Marble is used for decoration of buildings) is used when the object used (in this case - marble) does not undergo a qualitative change. If this object undergoes qualitative changes, is transformed into something, then the second construction is usually used ( The tree is being recycled; Scrap metal will be smelted), although a construction with a preposition on can also be used. If at the same time the substance used is, as it were, placed inside something, then the construction with the preposition in ( Oil goes to food).

Verb navigate in the meaning of "determine / determine your position on the ground by landmarks" governs the dative case with the preposition by ( navigate by the sun). In the meaning "to determine / determine the direction of one's activity, one's behavior", the verb governs the accusative case with the preposition on ( in its development to focus on the West). The use of the construction with the preposition on in the case when the verb is used in the first meaning (cf .: We walked through the forest, orienting ourselves to the Big Dipper ) is acceptable but less desirable.

Verb affect in the meaning "to appear, to show up" requires a prepositional case with a preposition in ( experience gained in his work). In this case, work is perceived as a process. In the meaning of “to reflect on someone, on something; have an impact on someone, on something ”a construction with the same case is used, but with a preposition on ( Lack of experience affects at the pace of work ). In this case, the work is perceived as the result of some action.

Verb satisfy governs the dative case without a preposition in the sense of "to be in accordance with something" (cf.: The new machine meets all safety requirements). In the meaning of "to fulfill someone's desires, requests, tasks," the verb requires the accusative case without a preposition (cf .: The director satisfied all our requirements).

Noun can be used in three constructs as a managed form: to the address, to the address, to the address. All three options can be used in the meaning of "to someone, in the name of someone" ( delegations received hundreds of letters; write to me for a new one; write me new). Please note that the form is colloquial. Combined with the words: to say, to say, to remark, to retort, to reproach etc. constructions are used and , but the first one is the main one ( remarks of the plant management). Designs with shape are colloquial (cf. Varvara Ivanovna got angry and uttered a few words in my opinion.). In addition, in the case when it comes to flattering remarks for someone, only the construction is used (wrong: ; right: I want to say kind words directors).

5. The use of a dependent word in a particular case is also influenced by the meaning of this word.

For example, the verb taste(tasting, eating or drinking a little of something) governs the genitive case of a noun, if it names the kind of food tasted, its indefinite amount ( taste cutlets). The accusative case of a dependent noun is used when a certain amount of something eaten, drunk or part of a whole is emphasized ( taste a piece of cake, a cup of broth). Type Combinations: taste pancakes, taste kvass- will be erroneous, because they indicate the type of food tasted, and not the amount eaten, drunk. Such constructions are permissible only if a certain type of pancakes, kvass is meant.

If a word in the same meaning can be used in several constructions, then in speech their confusion is frequent.

For example, the verb take in the meaning of "fill any space" is used in constructions: occupy a plot for grain; to occupy the plot with grain crops. Suggestions like: crop areas, employed under cereals, decreased in the province twice.

6. Errors in the use of prepositions in synonymous constructions are quite frequent in speech. For example, the prepositions with and from are synonymous when indicating the place from which the action is directed. However, there is also a difference between them.

The preposition c is used when the action is directed from the surface of something:

go down the mountain, get off the stairs, take off the table.

The preposition from is used when the action is directed from the inside out:

get out of the room, get out of the hole.

The use of these prepositions in combination with geographical names is fixed by tradition. The preposition with is used mainly with the name of mountainous areas, rivers, islands, but this tendency does not work very consistently.

note for the following designs:

to come from the Caucasus, from Ukraine, from the Volga, from Sakhalin, from Jamaica - to come from the Crimea, from Belarus, from France, from Kazakhstan.

When referring to a foreign country, the preposition from is used. In this regard, along with the construction of the type: come from Ukraine- construction is used: come from Ukraine.

Similar differences are observed in the use of prepositions in and on when indicating the place, space, within which the action is directed. The preposition in, unlike the preposition on, usually indicates the limited space.

Wed: live in the village- emphasizing stay in a particular area; rural life has its advantages in general in the countryside.

note on the uncertainty of the geographical point in stable expression: write to the village grandfather.

It should be noted that in recent times the preposition na with a noun in the prepositional case is widely used in combinations like: put the question at the Duma / at the rector's office etc. Such constructions arise as a result of the reduction of combinations: raise a question at a meeting of the Duma / administration etc.

In combination with words naming vehicles, the preposition в is used mainly when it is necessary to emphasize being inside a vehicle or direction inward of this vehicle:

it was stuffy on the plane, sitting in a boat, being on a tram.

The preposition na is used in cases where it is necessary to emphasize the type of vehicle used:

fly a plane, sail a boat, ride a tram.

At the same time, the use of prepositions on and in (when indicating the place of stay), as well as prepositions from and with, often depends only on tradition.

note for the following designs:

to be at a university, in a pharmacy, in a cinema, in the Crimea, in Belarus, in Transcarpathia, in the Alps - to be at a faculty, at a post office, at a station, in the Caucasus, in Ukraine, in the Far East.

When referring to a foreign state, the preposition is used in, so now the construction is also becoming normative - live in Ukraine.

7. It should be noted that at present (especially in an official business style) there is an expansion of some prepositions (primarily po and o), which are crowding out unprepositional constructions or constructions with other prepositions. The use of prepositional constructions is not always normative. So, quite regularly in the following constructions with the control connection, the preposition by is mistakenly used:

• talk about economics(wrong: economics talk);
• expand research opportunities(wrong: expand research opportunities);
• the issue of improving working conditions(wrong: the issue of improving working conditions);
• concern for the development of the deposit(wrong: care for the development of the deposit);
• child welfare law(wrong: child protection law);
• remarks on the organization of work(wrong: remarks on the organization of work);
• repair costs(wrong: repair costs);
• initiative to convene a conference(wrong: initiative to convene a conference);
• party initiative(wrong: evening party initiative);
• civil defense training(wrong: civil defense training);
• report back in use / on the use of funds (wrong: report back on use funds);
• leave in the spring(design: leave in the spring- is characteristic primarily for dialect speech, therefore it is not literary);
• milk yield is 10 kilograms per cow(wrong: milk yield is 10 kilograms of milk ...);
• salary certificate(wrong: salary statement);
• faculty humanities (wrong: faculty in the Humanities ).

note to the following constructions (they quite often use the preposition about unlawfully):

8. Quite often in speech there are errors associated with the use of a certain case with a particular preposition.

So, the preposition in view requires the genitive case ( because of the delay), thanks to, in spite of, in spite of- dative case ( due to good weather, according to the order, contrary to the order; unacceptable: due to good weather, according to the order, contrary to the order).

9. There may be flaws in the use of some prepositions, limited to a certain type of expressed relationship.

For example, the preposition thanks, like the preposition due, indicates the reason for the action, but if the latter is not limited in choosing a situation, then the first - thanks to- is used only if the result of the action is favorable.

So, the statement is wrong: Due to the bad weather, he got his feet wet and fell ill., since the result of bad weather was the deterioration of the subject's well-being - illness.

Similar shortcomings are observed when using prepositions along with and along with. The first of them expresses the idea of ​​the joint action of two or more persons, indicates the connection of objects, phenomena:

Andrei worked with his mother; The smell of grass permeated the room along with the voices of the birds.

The preposition along with has the meaning “besides”, that is, it expresses not the idea of ​​​​compatibility, but the idea of ​​​​attachment:

Residents of the microdistrict, along with the tram, also use other modes of transport.

10. When constructing a sentence, it is necessary to take into account the semantic connections of the members of the phrases included in this sentence. In particular, a common mistake is to omit the required dependent member of the phrase.

For example, it is wrong to omit a noun machinist in a sentence: I want to become a locomotive assistant. The normative structure will be: I want to become an assistant locomotive driver.

note on constructions in which the necessary dependent member of the phrase is omitted quite regularly:

• conversation on the topic of morality, on the topic "Man and Nature"(unacceptable: moral conversation);
• more than a hundred students, more than a hundred rubles, more than a hundred students, more than a hundred students(unacceptable: more than a hundred students, more than a hundred rubles, more than a hundred students);
• In the light of what has been said, an important place is given to ...(unacceptable: In this light, an important place is given to ...);
• leaves much to be desired the best(unacceptable: wishes for the best);
• raid to check the quality of trade(Not recommended: raid on quality);
• ask the master for not fulfilling the plan(Not recommended: ask for non-compliance; ask the master);
• our team is followed by the Dynamo team with a two-point lead(unacceptable: with a margin follows the team "Dynamo").

Abbreviation of constructions with verbs has become very common in speech. to study, learn when indicating the acquisition of certain professional skills and abilities:

He wanted to study music; I suggested that he learn chess; I need to learn how to sew/draw.

In common parlance, with these verbs, nouns (names of professions) are used in the accusative case with a preposition for: to learn, to study as an artilleryman / for an artist / for a teacher etc. AT literary language they are not recommended.

Regularly in live speech there is a reduction in phrases such as: results of soybean cultivation/soybean cultivation; experiments on breeding lemons / on breeding lemons; the results of the delivery of vegetables / on the delivery of vegetables; fish harvesting plan and replacing them with undesirable combinations in the literary language: soy results, vegetables results, lemon experiments; fish plan.

Quite often in live speech, the use of an extra dependent component of the combination is observed.

For example, the verb worry does not require a dependent component, but under the influence of similar verbs worry, worry in speech, constructions of the type undesirable in the literary language are fixed: We were very worried about my father.

11. A very common speech defect is the so-called "stringing of cases", that is, the arrangement of several identical case forms in a chain. Most often there is a stringing of genitive cases: the house of the nephew of the coachman's wife.

Such designs are typical primarily for the scientific and official business style.

Wed: measurement of fluctuations in the electronic spectrum of human hemoglobin.

It is not always possible to completely eliminate this type of construction in these styles, but it is necessary to strive for this, since “stringing cases” makes the text very cumbersome.

At the same time, many believe that it is precisely such constructions that give speech significance, formality, or scientific character.

Wed: announcement in trolleybuses, buses: To avoid falling during emergency braking, please hold on to the handrails.

To avoid a chain of dependent case forms, it is necessary to remove uninformative words and replace verbal noun a verb in the composition of homogeneous predicates, subordinate clauses etc.

Wed: Hold on to the handrails to keep from falling.