Description of the flags of the countries of the world

Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia is a panel with four green and three white stripes, as well as a red rectangle in the upper left corner. It contains an open hand, personifying the Abkhazian statehood. (symbol of Abkhazia, known since the time of the Abkhazian kingdom). The seven stars above it symbolize the seven Abkhazian regions. (seven historical regions, seven modern districts and seven cities). Seven is a sacred number for Abkhazians. The seven green and white stripes represent tolerance, allowing Christianity and Islam to coexist in Abkhazia.

Flag of the Commonwealth of Australia- one of the state symbols of the country, which is a rectangular panel of blue color with an aspect ratio of 1:2. The British flag is depicted in the upper left quarter. In addition, the flag of Australia has an image of six white stars: five stars in the form of the constellation of the Southern Cross on the right side of the panel and one big star in the center of the lower left quarter.

Flag of Austria adopted in 1919. Canceled in 1938. Reinstated as a national flag in 1945. The national flag of Austria is a rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 2:3, consisting of three equal horizontal stripes - the top red, the middle white and the bottom red. Along with the flag of Denmark, it is considered one of the oldest flags in Europe.

Aspect Ratio flag of azerbaijan- 1:2. The flag is a tricolor (tricolor). stripes (blue, red and green) located horizontally. An eight-pointed star and a crescent are placed in the center of the flag on a red stripe. Both images are white. The blue color on the flag is a symbol of the Turkic national culture, red - modern European democracy and green - Islamic civilization.

Modern Azores flag similar to the flag of Portugal (1830-1911). The only difference is that the Portuguese coat of arms was moved from the central part of the flag to its upper left edge, and a hawk was placed in the center - the symbol of the archipelago. The name of the Azores comes from the Portuguese "açor" in translation - goshawk. The discoverers of the archipelago drew attention to the huge concentration of birds, which in their appearance resembled one of the varieties of hawks. White and blue colors are the traditional colors of Portugal. The nine stars on the flag mean the nine islands of the archipelago.

Flag of Åland has been the official symbol of the autonomous province of Finland of the same name since 1954. The flag of Aland is similar to the Swedish one, that is, it is a rectangular blue panel with a yellow Scandinavian cross. However, the yellow cross on the Åland flag is wider and has a red Scandinavian cross inserted into it. From 1922 until 1954, a blue-yellow-blue flag was used. Now it is also used at an informal level.

State flag of the Republic of Albania is a rectangular panel of red color with an aspect ratio of 5:7 with a black double-headed eagle from the coat of arms of Albania in the center. The red color of the flag is a symbol of the blood of the Albanian patriots shed by them in the centuries-old struggle against the enslavers. (primarily Turkish). The red cloth with a black double-headed eagle was the banner of George Kastriot, known as Skanderbeg, the hero of the struggle against the Turks and the founder of an independent state in 1443. It is possible that the eagle on the banner was chosen by him, as a sign of the tradition that the Albanians are descendants of the eagle. According to another version, the eagle is borrowed from the coat of arms of the Byzantine Empire.

State flag of Algeria consists of two vertical stripes of the same width of green and white. In the center are a red star and a crescent. The flag was adopted on July 3, 1962. It resembles the flag of the Algerian National Liberation Front and, according to some sources, was used by Abdel Kadir in the 19th century. White symbolizes purity, green is the color of Islam. The crescent is also an Islamic symbol.

Flag of American Samoa It is a rectangular panel divided into three triangles. The base of the white isosceles triangle coincides with the right side of the flag. The hypotenuses of two blue right-angled triangles, framed by a red border, coincide with the sides of an isosceles triangle. An isosceles triangle contains an image of a bald eagle (national symbol of the United States, present on the Great Seal) holding fue paws (fly swatter), symbolizing the wisdom of traditional Samoan leaders, and uatogi (war club), symbolizing the power of the state. Together, the fue and watogi symbolize peace and order under US control. Red, white and blue are the traditional colors of Samoa and the United States.

National flag of Anguilla represents blue (English) stern ensign with the coat of arms of Anguilla in the free part. Three dolphins depicted on the coat of arms and flag symbolize friendship, wisdom and strength.

National flag of Angola consists of two colors in two horizontal belts. The upper band is bright red and the lower band is black. Bright red - the blood shed by the Angolans during colonial oppression, in the liberation struggle and in the defense of the Fatherland, black - the African continent. In the center is a composition consisting of a gear segment symbolizing workers and industrial production, a machete symbolizing peasants, agricultural production and armed struggle, and a star symbolizing international solidarity and progress. The gear, machete and star are yellow, symbolizing the wealth of the country.

Flag of Andorra is a rectangular panel consisting of three vertical unequal blue, yellow and red stripes. In the center of the middle yellow stripe is the coat of arms of Andorra. This tricolor has been the flag of Andorra since the 19th century. Blue and red are the colors of France, while yellow and red are of Spain: together they reflect Franco-Spanish patronage over Andorra. In the center of the flag is a shield depicting the miter and staff of the Bishop of Urgell and two bulls, symbolizing the joint government of France and Spain; red stripes on a yellow background - the colors of Catalonia. The motto on the shield: "Unity makes strong" (lat. Virtvs Vnita Fortior). The flag was adopted in 1866.

Symbolism Flag of Antigua and Barbuda polysemantic. The rising sun symbolizes the dawn new era. The black color indicates the African roots of the inhabitants. The red color symbolizes the energy of the people. Sequential coloration - yellow, blue and white (down from the sun)- sun, sea, and sand. Blue is a symbol of hope and also symbolizes the Caribbean Sea. V-shape - a symbol of victory (from English victory - victory).

Flag of Macau consists of a light green background with a lotus flower, stylized as the bridge of the Governor Nombre de Carvalho, water depicted in white lines, above an arc of five gold five-pointed stars: one large in the center of the arc and four small ones. The lotus was chosen as the flower emblem of Macau. The Governor Nombre de Carvalho Bridge links the Macau Peninsula and Taipa Island. The bridge is one of Macau's few recognizable landmarks. The water below the lotus and the bridge symbolizes the position and importance of Macau as a port and its role in the territory and in history. The five five-pointed stars follow the design of the PRC flag, symbolizing the relationship that links Macau and the PRC.

Modern flag of argentina became state in 1812. The design for the flag was proposed by Manuel Belgrano. It consisted of three horizontal stripes of equal width - the outer ones were painted in light blue, the central one - in White color. In 1818, the yellow “May sun” was placed in the center of the flag. (Spanish Sol de Mayo), symbolizing the Inca god of the sun and named after the May Revolution.

Flag of Armenia- the state symbol of the Republic of Armenia. The flag is a rectangular panel of three equal horizontal stripes: the top one is red, the middle one is blue and the bottom one is orange. These colors have been associated with the Armenian nation for centuries. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 1:2.

Flag of Aruba is a light blue field (referred to as the "color of the UN" due to its similarity to the field color of the UN flag), along which two narrow parallel horizontal yellow stripes lie in the lower part of the flag, and a four-pointed red star in the upper left field of the flag. The star is bordered by a thin white stripe.

exemplary for the current flag of afghanistan served as the flag of 1930-1973. State authorities use a flag with a black coat of arms in the middle, but along with it there are flags with a white coat of arms and yellow flowers. There are three vertical stripes on the flag, where black is the color of historical and religious banners, red is the color supreme power king and a symbol of the struggle for freedom, and green is the color of hope and success in business. In the center of the coat of arms is a mosque with a mihrab and a minbar, over which the shahada is written. ("There is no god but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet").

Symbolism Flag of the Bahamas: The black equilateral triangle symbolizes the unity and determination of the Bahamians. Three horizontal stripes of the same width symbolize Natural resources islands: two aquamarine bands (at the edges)- sea, golden stripe (in the center)- land.

Flag of Bangladesh is the official symbol of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The current flag was adopted on January 17, 1972. The flag is a red disk on a green field. The disk is located almost in the center of the flag. The proportion of the flag is 3:5. The green color symbolizes Islam, the red circle - the rising sun as a symbol of independence.

Flag of Barbados is a rectangular panel (Length to width ratio 2:3), vertically divided into three equal parts of blue, yellow and again blue flowers. A trident is depicted in the center of the yellow part of the flag.

Flag of Bahrain is the official symbol of the state of Bahrain. The current flag was approved on February 17, 2002. The flag is a red cloth with a white vertical stripe at the pole, bounded by a zigzag on the right side. Proportion 3:5. Initially, the flag of Bahrain was red, as a reminder of the colors of the Muslim sect of the Kharijites. In 1820, when an agreement was reached with Great Britain, a white vertical stripe at the base appeared on the flag, symbolizing a truce. In 1933, in order to distinguish the flag from similar flags of the region, a white stripe bounded by a zigzag was introduced. On land it is used as a state, civil and military flag, at sea - as a civil and military flag. Since 2002, the flag has been depicted with five white triangles, which symbolize the five pillars of Islam.

Flag of Belarus- the official state symbol of the Republic of Belarus, one of the national symbols of Belarusians. It was adopted on June 7, 1995 following a referendum. It replaced the white-red-white flag used since 1991. Belarus is the only one of the countries of the former USSR that restored the Soviet flag (with minor changes). The modern flag follows the example of the flag of the Byelorussian SSR, from which the Soviet symbols - the hammer, sickle and star - were removed, and the ornament is depicted in red on a white background. (on the flag of the Byelorussian SSR, the ornament was white on a red background).

State flag of Belize- Adopted September 21, 1981. The flag of Belize in the previous version is called the flag of British Honduras (name of Belize during the colonial period). The flag of British Honduras was adopted on January 28, 1907 and this version of the flag was in use until 1919. In 1919, a new flag was adopted, which was the state symbol until 1981, when the independence of Belize was declared.

State flag of Belgium is a rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 13:15, consisting of three equal vertical stripes - black, yellow and red. These colors have traditionally been the colors of the Duchy of Brabant. The shape is based on that of the flag of France, although the origin of the proportions is unknown.

National flag of Benin- originally adopted in 1958. It was changed in 1975 after the Marxists came to power, but after the restoration of the old regime, it was re-adopted on August 1, 1991. The colors of the flag are traditional pan-African colors: green, symbolizing hope, yellow, symbolizing prosperity, and red, symbolizing courage.

Bermuda national flag different from the flags of other overseas territories, which are characterized by the use of a blue English stern ensign. The flag of Bermuda is a red English maritime merchant ensign with the coat of arms of Bermuda on the lower right side. A lion holds a shield depicting the wreck of a Virginia Company frigate Sea Luck (Eng. Sea Venture), sunk in 1609 off the coast of Bermuda. All of its passengers escaped, establishing the first settlement on the islands.

Flag of Bulgaria- one of the state symbols of the country, is a rectangular panel consisting of three horizontal equal stripes: the top one is white, the middle one is green and the bottom one is red. Previously, the Bulgarian flag in the upper left corner depicted the coat of arms of Bulgaria, but it was removed from the flag in 1991, in accordance with the new constitution of the country. The aspect ratio of the flag has also been changed from 2:3 to 3:5. Flag without coat of arms (in proportion 2:3) used as the trade flag of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. The flag consists of three horizontal stripes of equal size: white on top, green in the middle, and red on the bottom. The first of them personifies freedom and peace, the second - forests and agriculture, the third - the blood shed in the struggle for state independence.

Red color the flag of Bolivia symbolizes the blood of national heroes, sacrifice and love, yellow mineral resources and the Incas who first began to use them, green eternal hope, development and progress. The flag of Bolivia has a coat of arms, which depicts the symbols of dignity and independence - the condor, freedom - the sun and the republic - the Phrygian cap. The animal kingdom is represented by the alpaca llama, the mineral kingdom by the potosi mountain, and the vegetable kingdom by the breadfruit tree. The sheaf represents agriculture, the ten stars represent the ten departments of Bolivia, plus one captured by Chile. Flags and weapons symbolize the will to defend the country.

Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina approved February 4, 1998. This flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina was one of three presented to the parliament appointed by the UN High Representative. All flags used the same colors: blue - the color of the United Nations, but it was replaced by a darker one. The stars symbolize Europe. The triangle symbolizes the three main population groups of the country (Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs) and outlines of the country on the map. After the declaration of independence in 1992, the approved flag of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a white panel with the coat of arms of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina placed in the center - a blue shield with six golden lilies and a diagonal white stripe. During the Bosnian War, this flag was used by Bosnian Muslims and the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina in controlled territories. The current flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (popularly - "flag with lilies") used by Muslim national organizations, football fans of Bosnian nationality, as well as among Bosnian nationalists.

blue color on Flag of Botswana symbolizes the sky and hope for water, black and white - the majority of the people and national minorities.

Flag of Brazil It is a rectangular green cloth with a yellow horizontal rhombus in the center. Inside the rhombus is a dark blue circle with 27 white five-pointed stars in five sizes, grouped into nine constellations. The circle is crossed by an upward arched white ribbon with the national motto of Brazil written in green letters, "Ordem e Progresso" (port. "Order and Progress"). The constellations are shown on the flag as if they were seen in the sky above the city of Rio de Janeiro by an observer outside celestial sphere at 8:30 am (12 hours sidereal time) November 15, 1889 - the day Brazil was declared a republic. Each of the 26 states and federal districts has its own star.

Flag of the British Indian Ocean Territory- is a symbol of the British territory in the Indian Ocean. The flag was adopted on November 8, 1990, however, it is still semi-official. The ratio of the sides of the flag is 1:2. The crown and the flag of Great Britain symbolize belonging to the United Kingdom, the sinuous blue lines represent the waves of the Indian Ocean, and the coconut tree is the main vegetation of the islands.

Flag of Brunei adopted September 29, 1959. The yellow color on the flag of Brunei is traditional. The mast, bird wings, umbrella and pennant are symbols of power. The hands represent concern for the well-being of the people. The Arabic inscription on the crescent reads: "Eternal service to Allah." At the bottom of the ribbon is another inscription: "Brunei - the abode of peace", which is the motto of the small sultanate, which is part of the official name of the country: Brunei Darussalam.

State flag of Burkina Faso adopted on August 4, 1984, after a military coup (called revolution) who brought Captain Thomas Sankara to power (the latter also renamed the country Burkina Faso from Upper Volta and wrote the national anthem). The adoption of the flag was one of the episodes in the course of the Sankara government on a revolutionary break with the colonial past. The flag consists of two horizontal stripes, red at the top and green at the bottom, with a yellow five-pointed star in the middle. Red symbolizes revolution, green symbolizes the rich natural resources of the country, and yellow star- the leading light of the revolution (later interpretation - mineral wealth). In addition, green, yellow and red are also pan-African colors.

Colors Flag of Burundi symbolize the struggle for independence (red), hope (green) and peace (white). The three stars represent the national motto: “Unity. Job. Progress.".

At the national the flag of Bhutan druk is depicted (White Dragon) on a yellow and orange background. The flag is divided diagonally below the pole, forming two triangles. The top triangle is yellow, the bottom one is orange. The dragon is centered and facing away from the pole. This flag, with minor changes, has been in use since the 19th century. It acquired its current form in 1969 and was officially adopted in 1972. The dragon depicted on the flag symbolizes the local Tibetan name for Bhutan - the Land of the Dragon. He holds precious stones in his claws, symbolizing wealth. The yellow field symbolizes the theocratic monarchy, while the orange field symbolizes the Buddhist religion.

State flag of Vanuatu- Adopted February 18, 1980. The colors of the party flag of the Vanuaku party, which led the country to independence in 1980, were chosen as the basis of the national flag - red, green, black and yellow. The final design was selected by a parliamentary committee from several proposals from local artists. Green color symbolizes the wealth of the islands, red - the color of the blood of people and pigs, black - the local inhabitants of Ni-Vanuatu. At the suggestion of the Prime Minister of Vanuatu, yellow and black dividing stripes were included. The yellow Y-shaped figure symbolizes the light of the gospel illuminating the islands of the Pacific (Vanuatu is about 90% Christian). The yellow emblem on a black background is a boar's tusk, a symbol of well-being, worn on the islands as a talisman, and two leaves of the local namele fern. The leaves are a symbol of peace and the 39 leaves represent the 39 members of the Vanuatu legislature. (at the time the flag was adopted, Vanuatu's parliament consisted of 39 people).

Flag of the Vatican adopted on June 7, 1929 by Pope Pius XI in the year of the signing of the Lateran Accords and the creation of an independent state of the Holy See. The flag was modeled after the flag of the Papal States (model 1808) and is a square panel, consisting of two equal vertical stripes - yellow and white. In the center of the white stripe is the coat of arms of the Vatican (two crossed keys under the papal tiara).

Flag of the Great Britain- one of the state symbols of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is a blue rectangular panel with an image of a red straight cross in a white border superimposed on a white and red oblique crosses. The ratio of the width to length of the flag has not been officially established, but generally state authorities use flags with a width to length ratio of 1:2, while the army and navy use flags with a width to length ratio of 3:5.

Flag of the Republic of Hungary- one of the state symbols of Hungary. It is a rectangular panel consisting of three equal horizontal stripes: the top one is red, the middle one is white and the bottom one is green. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 2:3. Derived from herbal (livery) colors of the coat of arms of Hungary. The red color symbolizes the blood of the Hungarian patriots shed in the struggle for the independence of Hungary. White is a symbol of moral purity and nobility of the ideals of the Hungarian people. Green is a symbol of hope for a better future for the country.

Flag of Venezuela- this is a rectangular panel, divided by three equal colored stripes (yellow, blue and red) with 8 stars in the center. The creation of the flag and the meaning of all its elements are closely related to the national liberation movement of the people of Venezuela from Spanish rule.

Flag of the British Virgin Islands- was adopted on November 15, 1960. This is a blue ensign with the British flag and coat of arms of the British Virgin Islands with Saint Ursula and 11 burning lamps. The civil ensign is a red ensign bearing the coat of arms of the British Virgin Islands. The red flag was mainly on the sides of the ships. The Governor of the British Virgin Islands has a separate flag. This is the British flag with the coat of arms of the British Virgin Islands. This design is similar to the flags of other governing British Overseas Territories.

Flag of the US Virgin Islands- Adopted May 17, 1921. Consists of a simplified image of the Great Seal of the United States between the letters V and I (denoting the Virgin Islands). The eagle holds a laurel branch in one paw and three arrows in the other, representing the three main islands - St. Thomas, St. John and St. Croa. The colors of the flag symbolize the various natural features of the Virgin Islands - yellow (flowers), green (hills), white (clouds) and blue (water). The flag was created by artist Percival Sparks at the request of the US Governor of the Islands, Eli Keithel.

Flag of East Timor officially approved in 2002, but has existed unofficially since 1975, when the independence of East Timor was not yet recognized. At midnight on May 20, 2002, the UN flag was lowered and instead the flag of independent East Timor was raised. According to the constitution of the Republic of Timor-Leste, the yellow triangle represents traces of colonialism in the history of the country. The black triangle means difficulties to be overcome. Red means the fight for freedom. The star is the guiding light, the white color of the star is the world. The ratio of width to length is 1:2.

Flag of Vietnam introduced November 30, 1955 as the flag of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which then occupied the northern part of the country (Northern Vietnam). It features a yellow five-pointed star on a red background. The aspect ratio of the flag is 2:3. In 1945-1955, the shape of the star on the flag was somewhat different. The star represents the leadership of the Vietnamese Communist Party, the red represents the success of the revolution, and the five ends of the star are sometimes spelled out as workers, peasants, soldiers, intellectuals, and youth. Since 1976, when South Vietnam officially united with the North - the flag of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

State flag of Gabon, adopted on August 9, 1960, is a rectangular panel divided into three equal horizontal stripes of green, yellow and blue. The design of the flag reflects the geographic location of Gabon. Green field (forests) and blue (Atlantic) separated by a yellow stripe - the symbol of the equator and the sun.

Flag of Hawaii is a rectangular panel divided horizontally into eight strips of the same size, symbolizing the eight main islands of the archipelago: Hawaii, Kauai, Kahoolawe, Lanai, Maui, Molokai, Niihau, Oahu. Stripe colors(top down) : white, red, blue, white, red, blue, white, red. The top of the flag features the flag of Great Britain.

State flag of Haiti adopted February 25, 1986. It is a two-color panel consisting of two equal horizontal stripes. The blue stripe is at the top, the red stripe is at the bottom. In the center of the flag is the coat of arms of Haiti on a white square: a palm tree covered with a cap of freedom, under a palm tree - military trophies and the motto: "In unity - strength." The red and blue colors of the flag's stripes are derived from the colors of the stripes on the flag of France. In this case, they act as a symbolic embodiment of the union of mulattoes and blacks. The Phrygian cap, hoisted on top of a palm tree, is interpreted as a symbol of freedom.

On the green field(symbolizes nature and agriculture Guyana) red triangle(perseverance and dynamic nature of the people in building an independent state) with black border(the resilience of the people of the country in the face of difficulties) at the base of the flag, inscribed in a yellow triangle(wealth of mineral resources) with white trim(rivers and water resources of the country) symbolizing an arrow.

State flag of the Gambia was adopted on February 18, 1965. It is a panel with three horizontal stripes, the middle strip is edged with two narrow stripes. The original idea of ​​the flag belongs to the artists of the Gambia, but the design was developed at the London College of Arms, L. Tomasi. The top stripe is red, the middle stripe is blue. The bottom one is green. The blue stripe is narrower than the other stripes due to the white edging, which symbolizes the unity of the people, peace and prosperity. The red color means the sun in the sky, the blue color symbolizes the Gambia River, the green color symbolizes the land of the country. According to another version: the Gambia River(blue color) flowing between the equatorial jungle(green color) and red soils of the savannah(Red color) . The proportions of the width of the stripes are 6:1:4:1:6. The ratio of the flag's width to length is 2:3.

State flag of Ghana consists of pan-African colors - red, yellow and green. Ghana, as the first state to gain independence after the Second World War, was the founder of these colors. Many other African countries that gained independence later saw the flag of Ghana as an example and chose similar flags in order to express the pan-African idea. As early as the 19th century, these colors were used in Ethiopia, the first independent African country, although at that time they were not yet pan-African symbols. The flag was designed by the Hanesian Theodosia Salome Oko and symbolizes the following: the red color commemorates the blood shed in the struggle for freedom; yellow symbolizes the wealth of the country(already the former name of the Gold Coast kingdom indicated this) ; green symbolizes the forests and fields of the country. The black five-pointed star in the middle of the flag serves as a guiding star for African freedom. Often it is depicted incorrectly: the star must touch both the upper and lower bands. The flag of Ghana was officially adopted on March 6, 1957. On January 1, 1964, the yellow stripe was replaced by a white one, and on February 28, 1966, the flag was again restored to its original form.

Flag of Guadeloupe as an overseas territory of France is a white canvas with a stylized image of the sun and a bird on a blue and green background with the inscription REGION GUADELOUPE underlined in yellow.

Flag of Guatemala is the official symbol of the Republic of Guatemala. The flag consists of three equal vertical stripes of white and blue. The coat of arms of the country is placed on the white stripe. The white color of the stripes of the flag symbolizes honesty and purity, the blue - legality and justice. Crossed rifles mean readiness to defend freedom, sabers are symbols of justice and independence. Laurel branches symbolize victory and glory. The Quetzal bird is a symbol of freedom and sovereignty.

State flag of the Republic of Guinea- adopted on November 10, 1958 and is a rectangular panel consisting of three vertical equal stripes: red - at the pole edge, yellow - in the middle, and green - at the free edge of the panel. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 2:3. The flag, like the flags of a number of other former possessions of France, was based on the composition of three equal vertical stripes on the flag of France, the colors of which were replaced by pan-African colors - red, yellow and green, as on the flags of neighboring Ghana, Mali and some other African states. The red color of the flag symbolizes the blood shed in the struggle for freedom, yellow - the color of Guinean gold and the sun, green - African nature. In addition, each color corresponds to the three words of the Guinean motto: red - "Labor", yellow - "Justice", green - "Solidarity".

Description Flag of Guinea-Bissau: in the middle of the red stripe is a black five-pointed star as a symbol African continent and its black people, freedom and peace. The red color symbolized labor and blood shed for freedom. Yellow symbolized the desire for decent wages and the harvest of agricultural crops, ensuring the well-being of the population. Green displayed the plant richness of nature and the hope for a happy future. Under the star, the abbreviation of the party name, PAIGC, was often depicted, but images of the PAIGC flag are known both without an abbreviation and with the abbreviation PAIGC in large letters on a yellow stripe. The PAIGC flag without an abbreviation was approved as the state flag of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. The width of the red stripe is equal to 1/3 of the length of the flag, the ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 1:2.

Flag of Germany consists of three horizontal stripes of equal width, black on top, red in the middle, and golden below. The ratio of the height of the flag to its length is 3 to 5. On December 8, 1951, it was established that the federal flag must also be carried by all commercial ships in Germany. The federal flag was confirmed unchanged by the new German Flags Ordinance of November 13, 1996, which also established the possibility of using the federal flag in the form of a vertical banner(banner) , which consists of three vertical stripes of equal width: on the left - black, in the middle - red, on the right - gold.

Flag of Guernsey- the flag of the crown dependency of the British Crown of Guernsey. The flag was adopted in 1985. It represents the flag of England, where inside the red cross is the yellow cross of William the Conqueror.

Flag of Gibraltar based on the coat of arms of Gibraltar, and is a panel of white and red colors. A red stripe, twice the size of a white one, is located below; in the center of the white stripe is an image of a red three-towered castle. Each of the towers has a window and a door; a yellow key hangs from the central door onto a red field. The aspect ratio is 1 to 2.

National flag of Honduras approved January 9, 1866. It is a three-lane blue-white-blue panel. In the center of the flag on a white stripe are five five-pointed blue stars. The blue stripes symbolize the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, surrounding Honduras. The five blue stars represent the five countries that were part of the Central American Federation. Five stars on this flag meant hope for its revival.

Flag of Hong Kong adopted February 16, 1990. On August 10, 1996, it was approved by the PRC committee on the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from Great Britain to the PRC. It was first officially raised on July 1, 1997, at the handover ceremony. The rules for the use of the flag are regulated by laws adopted at the 58th Executive Meeting of the State Council in Beijing. The description of the flag is enshrined in the Basic Law of Hong Kong, the district's constitutional document. The manufacture, permitted use, and non-desecration of the flag are also regulated in the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem regulations.

Description the flag of Grenada: yellow symbolizes the sun over Grenada and the friendliness of its citizens, green - agriculture, red - harmony, unity and courage. The seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions of Grenada. The flag features nutmeg, the cultivation of which is the backbone of Grenada's economy. In addition, Grenada itself is one of the world's leading producers of nutmeg.

Flag of Greenland- Adopted June 21, 1985. It is a rectangular panel with two horizontal stripes. Above is a white stripe, below - red. Above the stripes is a red and white circle. The top of the circle is red, the bottom is white. The white stripe symbolizes the icy mountain peaks of Greenland, the red stripe symbolizes the ocean. The white part of the circle means icebergs and pack ice, the red part of it means fjords. Other interpretations interpret the circle on the flag as a symbol of the setting and rising sun. The color scheme repeats the colors of the flag of Denmark, which owns Greenland. The first attempts to create the flag of Greenland date back to 1973. Several private projects have been created. In 1980, the government announces an official competition for the creation of a flag, where more than 500 designs were considered. As a result, this option won.

Flag of Greece It is a rectangular panel consisting of nine equal horizontal alternating stripes of blue and white. Inside the blue square in the upper left corner is a white straight cross. First adopted March 27, 1822. In colloquial Greek, due to its color scheme, it is often called "κυανόλευκη", which means "blue-white". Some people think the stripes mean blue skies and/or seas.(5 blue bars according to the number of oceans) connected to white clouds and/or waves. Others believe that they symbolize the 9 syllables of the phrase "Ελευθερία ή θάνατος"("Freedom or Death", E-lef-te-ri-ya and Ta-na-tos) as the folklore says. There is also a version that the stripes symbolize 9 muses, goddesses of art and science.

Modern flag of Georgia It is a rectangular white cloth with five red crosses, one central St. George and four equilateral Bolnisi-Katskhi crosses in four quadrants. Depicted on the state flag of Georgia is one rectangular cross and four small crosses in the corners on a silver(white) background are a common Christian symbol, personifying Jesus Christ the Savior and the four evangelists. Silver(white) color in heraldry indicates innocence, purity, purity, wisdom, and red - courage, courage, justice and love.

Flag of Guam It is a blue cloth with a red border on all sides. The coat of arms of Guam is in the center of the flag. The emblem depicts a proa boat in the bay of the city of Hagatna, the capital of Guam, a coast with a coconut palm, a river and the inscription in red letters "GUAM". In the distance - the local rock "Puntan Dos Amantes". The shape of the coat of arms resembles the shape of basalt/coral stone, which was used by the locals for hunting and war. The flag was designed by Helen L. Paul, the wife of a naval officer who served in Guam. The boat embodies the courage of the indigenous people of the island, with which their representatives plowed the waves of the ocean during sea voyages, overcoming great distances. The river flowing into the ocean symbolizes the willingness of local people to share the resources of the earth with others. The beach demonstrates the devotion of the Chamorros to their homeland and environment. The rock represents the commitment of the island's inhabitants to pass on their heritage, culture and language to future generations. The coconut tree, growing on the barren sand, symbolizes the resilience and determination of the people of Guam, and its curved trunk symbolizes the trials that they survived. The blue color symbolizes the unity of Guam with the sea and sky. The red border of the flag symbolizes the blood shed during the Japanese occupation of the island during World War II and the Spanish occupation.

Flag of Denmark- a red rectangular panel with the image of a white Scandinavian cross - a straight cross, the vertical cross of which is shifted to the pole edge of the panel. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 28:37.

Flag of Jersey- Flag of the Crown Dependency of the British Crown of Jersey. Until 1981, the flag of Saint Patrick was officially used.(Red St. Andrew's cross on a white background) with an aspect ratio of 3:5. However, on June 12, 1979, the Parliament of Jersey adopted, on December 10, 1980 it was approved by the Queen, and on April 7, 1981, a new flag was officially introduced, resembling the old one, but with the emblem and crown depicted.

State flag of the Republic of Djibouti- Adopted June 27, 1977. The colors of the flag represent the sea and the sky.(blue) , ground(green) and peace(white) . Green and blue are also the colors of the two main populations, the Afar and the Pesa (tribes of Djibouti). The red star is a memory of the struggle for independence and a symbol of unity.

Green color background Flag of Dominica symbolizes tropical nature, the red color in the center of the flag is a symbol of freedom, 10 green five-pointed stars - 10 parishes of the country. The Holy Trinity is symbolized by a cross of three stripes: white - Caucasians, gold - mulattoes, black - blacks. The sisseru parrot in the center of the flag is endemic to the island and one of its symbols. In 1978-1990, minor changes were made to the flag three times. The modern version is the fourth since independence, adopted in 1990. Until 1978, variants of the blue stern ensign with the coat of arms on the right side were used.

State flag of the Dominican Republic- Adopted September 14, 1863. Blue stands for freedom, white for faith and salvation, and red for blood and independence.

State flag of the Arab Republic of Egypt. Aspect ratio 2:3. It is a tricolor with horizontally placed equal stripes of red, white and black. In the center of the flag on a white stripe is placed the so-called. Eagle of Saladin. Adopted in 1984. It is used on land as a civil and state flag and at sea as a civil flag. The red symbolizes the struggle against the colonial regime, the white symbolizes the "bloodless" revolution of 1952, the black symbolizes the end of the oppression of the British colonial regime. The golden eagle is the symbol of Saladin(Salah ad-Din) , the Egyptian sultan who led the fight against the crusaders in the 12th century. The first national flag of Egypt was approved by royal decree in 1923, after Egypt gained independence from Great Britain.(March 16, 1922) . On the green field of this flag was placed a crescent and three stars. In 1958, the President of Egypt adopted a different flag - a red-white-black tricolor with stripes placed horizontally. There were two green stars on the white stripe. In 1972, the stars on the flag were replaced with a golden falcon. In 1984, the golden falcon was replaced by the golden eagle.("Eagle of Saladin") . So the flag took on its modern form.

Primary colors of the state the flag of Zambia: green, red, black, orange. The flag is a green cloth, in the lower right corner of which there is a flag of three vertical stripes of red, black, orange colors, and in the upper right corner - an image of a screaming eagle with spread wings. The green color symbolizes natural wealth. The red color symbolizes the blood shed for the independence of Zambia. The black color represents the people of Zambia. The orange color symbolizes the country's wealth in mineral resources.(primarily copper) . The screaming eagle personifies the rise of the people of Zambia above state problems.

Flag of Zimbabwe is a panel with seven horizontal stripes in the following order: green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, green stripes. On the left side of the cloth is a white equilateral triangle, one of the sides of which coincides with the left side of the flag. Two of the sides are framed in black. In the triangle is an image of a golden "bird of Zimbabwe"(steatite carved figurine found in the ruins of Great Zimbabwe) , in the background of which is a five-pointed red star. The main colors of the national flag of Zimbabwe are green, yellow, red, black and white. The green color symbolizes agriculture and the rural areas of Zimbabwe. The yellow color symbolizes wealth in minerals. The red represents the blood shed during the Revolutionary War. The black color represents the heritage and ethnicity of the indigenous African peoples of Zimbabwe. White color symbolizes the world. The bird symbolizes the history of Zimbabwe, the red star - the revolutionary struggle for freedom and peace. Wikipedia

Assault flag of the 150th Order of Kutuzov, II degree, Idritsa Rifle Division ... Wikipedia

Contents: Geography. General history. History of K.'s relations with Europe. Language and Literature. Chinese music. The great empire of eastern and central Asia is known among its inhabitants under names that have nothing to do with European ones (China, China, ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron- Check information. It is necessary to check the accuracy of the facts and the reliability of the information presented in this article. There should be explanations on the talk page ... Wikipedia

I MAP OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE. Contents: I. Physical essay. 1. Composition, space, coastline. 2. Orography. 3. Hydrography. 4. Climate. 5. Vegetation. 6. Fauna. II. Population. 1. Statistics. 2. Anthropology. III. Economic essay. one … Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Ears of unity

For over 300 years, Venezuela was under Spanish rule. In 1797, an anti-Spanish conspiracy of pro-independence arose, led by Manuel Gual and José Maria España, under a flag of white, blue, red and yellow horizontal stripes, symbolizing whites, blacks, mulattos and Indians. Although the proponents of independence failed, the colors of the flag (with the exception of white) were used in the future in the flags of the liberation movement.

The creator of the flag, on the basis of which the flags of three states later emerged - Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador, was the outstanding leader of the South American liberation movement Francisco Miranda. This flag of yellow, blue and red horizontal stripes was first flown in 1806 on the ship Leander, which took a group of volunteers led by Miranda from New York to South America. The yellow stripe symbolized the American continent, rich in gold and other minerals, the red one - the bloody dominion of Spain, the blue one - the Atlantic Ocean separating them. This meant that the golden, rich and prosperous Latin America would be free and separated from bloody Spain by the ocean. Under this flag, an attempt was made to declare independence in 1810, the first and second Venezuelan republics were proclaimed in 1811-1812 and 1813-1814. Under the same flag, the army of Simon Bolivar liberated Venezuela from the Spaniards in 1816-1822, and it finally gained independence. Since 1817, 7 stars have appeared on the blue stripe of the flag, symbolizing the 7 provinces of the country: Caracas, Barinas, Barcelona, ​​Cumana, Margarita, Merida and Trujillo. The arrangement of the stars was different in different periods, but until the beginning of the 20th century, they were most often located in a circle with one star in the center.

In 1821-1829, Venezuela, together with Colombia and Ecuador, was part of Great Colombia and under its flag, and in 1830 restored independence under the former three-stripe flag without any images. Since 1859 (according to other sources - since 1863), 7 stars reappeared on the blue stripe, and in the upper left corner - the state emblem. Since 1905, the stars on the flag have been depicted in the form of a semicircle. In its modern form, the flag was officially approved in 1954 (after the last change in the motto on the coat of arms). There is also a national flag without a coat of arms.

Since 1830, the coat of arms of the country has been a circle with the image of a lictor bundle surrounded by two cornucopias, and since 1836 it has taken on a look similar to the modern one. Since 1864, after the introduction of the federal system, the sheaf in the first field of the coat of arms began to be depicted not as a solid, but as consisting of twenty ears - according to the number of states of the country. In 1905 - 1930, the coat of arms differed from the current one in that the sheaf was white on a yellow field and consisted of seven ears of corn according to the number of original provinces, the second field of the coat of arms was red, not yellow, there were two flags in it, not three, and flags and sabers were arranged differently, and in the third field the horse galloped on white, not green grass. In 1930, the coat of arms was restored in its original form, and some of its minor stylistic details were later clarified.

The colors of the fields of the coat of arms correspond to the colors of the stripes of the flag. The wheat sheaf symbolizes the country's agriculture, the fertility of its soil, the wealth of the people and the national unity of Venezuela, and its 20 ears correspond to the number of its constituent states. Three national flags and two sabers connected by a laurel wreath remind of the glorious victories in the liberation struggle and the achievement of independence. A white horse galloping across endless expanses (according to one version, it is a wild horse, according to another, Bolívar's personal horse), personifies freedom. Above the shield, two cornucopias with various fruits and flowers, reminiscent of the coat of arms of 1830, represent the natural wealth of Venezuela and its prosperity. The shield is surrounded by laurel and palm branches.

The ribbon connecting them has the colors of the flag. The Spanish inscription on it means: “April 19, 1810 Independence. — Republic of Venezuela. - February 20, 1859 Federation. The first date is the date of the beginning of the national liberation struggle (the uprising in Caracas and the creation of a revolutionary junta), the second is the date of the start of the four-year civil war, which ended with the establishment of a federal state structure of the country. The Republic of Venezuela is the official name of the state. The inscription has changed several times. In 1905-1930 it read: “Independence. — Freedom. - July 5, 1811 - March 24, 1854 - God and the Federation. The first date is the day when independence was first proclaimed, the second is the date of the abolition of slavery. "God and the Federation" is the former motto of the country. In 1930-1954, the inscription differed from the modern one only in the official name of the state, which was called the "United States of Venezuela". All states of Venezuela have their own coats of arms and some flags.

Under the signs of the zodiac and the wings of a condor

The country, located on the equator and owing its name to it, was a Spanish possession for almost three centuries under the name "Region of Quito". During the liberation uprising of 1820 in the province of Guano, the patriots proclaimed independence under a flag of blue and white stripes with white stars, and the star of freedom surrounded by a wreath was chosen as their emblem. However, after the final liberation from the Spaniards in 1822, Ecuador became part of Gran Colombia. After becoming independent in 1830, it originally retained the yellow-blue-red flag of Gran Colombia.

The emblems of Ecuador changed frequently. On them there are images of the sun surrounded by stars and signs of the Zodiac, above the mountains on which condors sit, the lictor emblem surrounded by cornucopias, etc. In 1843, the coat of arms took the form of a shield depicting a horse, a volcano, a sailboat and a stone with inscriptions, as well as the sun, accompanied by the signs of the Zodiac. The coat of arms crowned the condor and surrounded the wreath.

The entire political life of Ecuador in the 19th century was marked by the struggle between the liberal and conservative parties. The liberals represented the interests of the commercial and industrial circles of the economically most developed province of Guano, while the conservatives represented the landowners and churchmen of the more backward hinterland. In 1845, the Liberals overthrew the Conservatives and adopted a new flag and coat of arms. The flag consisted of white, blue and white vertical stripes (reminiscent of the colors of the rebel flag of 1820), with 7 white stars representing the number of provinces and the new coat of arms depicted on the blue stripe.

This coat of arms, with the exception of some details, was the prototype of the modern coat of arms. He included many of the old emblems: the mountain, the condor, the sun, the lictor beam, the signs of the Zodiac (now there are four of them, denoting only those months in which the victorious uprising of the liberals took place), but the composition was fundamentally new.

In 1859, the Conservatives again seized power. The following year, they restored the old flag of 1830, and removed the signs of the Zodiac from the coat of arms and replaced the flags framing the shield with new ones. The Conservative dictatorship was overthrown in 1875, and three years later the Liberals restored the coat of arms and (with minor changes) the 1845 flag. There were now only stars on the blue stripe of the flag, and there was no coat of arms. Although the Conservatives returned to power in 1884, they at that time sought to reconcile with the moderate liberals and did not change the coat of arms and flag.

In 1895, the liberals came to power again. During this period, they began to advocate the re-creation of Gran Colombia and therefore adopted the flag of Colombian colors in 1900, which has not changed since. The flag of Ecuador is longer than the flag of Colombia (proportions are 1:2 and 2:3, respectively) and the state flag of Ecuador depicts a coat of arms (the national flag is without a coat of arms), while in Colombia the flag without a coat of arms is both state and national. The yellow color on the Ecuadorian flag symbolizes sunshine, the fertility of the earth, natural resources, fields of wheat and corn, the welfare of the country; blue - the sky, rivers and the Pacific Ocean; red - the blood of patriots shed in the struggle for freedom. In Ecuador, unlike other countries, there is also a special municipal flag that is displayed on official local institutions. This is a simplified version of the national flag, in which the emblem is replaced by a circle of white stars, the number of which corresponds to the number of provinces.

The modern coat of arms of Ecuador basically repeats the coat of arms of 1845. The last time minor changes to its details were made in 1930. The central part of the coat of arms is occupied by the landscape of Ecuador with its highest snow-capped peak - an extinct volcano

Chimborazo (6267 m). Patriots took refuge on the slopes of Chimborazo during the anti-Spanish war of liberation. The river flowing down from the mountains is the largest river in Ecuador - the Guayas. It flows into the huge bay of the Pacific Ocean of the same name. An old steamer in the ocean under the Ecuadorian flag not only symbolizes trade (this is indicated by the caduceus installed in the middle of the ship - the rod of the god of trade Mercury. On one of the coats of arms of the 19th century, the caduceus was placed at the bottom of the coat of arms next to the lictor beam), but also recalls that it was in Ecuador that there was built the first steamship on the Pacific coast South America. By the way, the largest city and port of the country, Guayaquil, is located on the coast of the Gulf of Guayas.

The sun symbolizes freedom, and the spring-summer signs of the Zodiac - Aries, Taurus, Gemini and Cancer are reminiscent of the events of the spring-summer of 1845, when the victorious uprising of the liberals against the conservatives took place. Although the Liberals have long been only one of the many political parties in Ecuador, this emblem remains on the coat of arms in memory of the abolition of slavery, feudal dependence of the Indians and the death penalty and implemented a number of important political, economic and cultural reforms. In addition to two pairs of national flags, the coat of arms is surrounded by palm and laurel branches - symbols of glory and peace. The lictor beam depicted under the shield symbolizes the republican state system and justice. The shield is crowned by the Andean condor - the personification of strength. In the area of ​​the Chimborazo volcano, this giant bird is found even at an altitude of more than 6 thousand meters. Each of the provinces of Ecuador has a special flag and coat of arms, and each of the cantons into which the provinces are divided has a coat of arms.

The Galapagos Islands located in the Pacific Ocean have a special status, flag and coat of arms. This is a province of Ecuador with the status of a national park, called the Colon Archipelago. The green, white and blue stripes of its flag are reminiscent of the protected province's unique nature and location in the ocean. The blue and yellow colors of the border of the coat of arms, combined with the red vertical that cuts the shield, repeating the colors of the Ecuadorian flag, remind of the belonging of the archipelago to Ecuador. Thirteen stars on a blue border correspond to the number of the largest islands, representing their scattering among the expanses of the Pacific Ocean. The sailboat in the first quarter of the shield emphasizes the importance of navigation in the discovery and life of the islands. A volcano erupting in the second quarter of the shield is highest volcano archipelago - Wolf (1707 m) on Isabela Island. The colors of the third quarter of the shield correspond to the colors of the island's flag. The cornucopia in the fourth quarter of the shield is a symbol of wealth and prosperity. In the center of the shield is the famous Galapagos elephant tortoise, which glorified the islands and is now protected. Its shell reaches 110 cm, weight - up to 400 kg, and life expectancy - more than 100 years. A flaming torch and a laurel wreath above the shield are symbols of the triumph of human reason and nature conservation. The date "1832" is the time when Ecuador established sovereignty over the Galapagos, which is now one of the country's provinces.

Flora and fauna of the "country of waters"

When the country was called the colony of British Guiana, the badge of its colonial flag from the 19th century depicted a clipper ship under the English flag rushing in the ocean at full sail. The emblem was surrounded by a garter from the British coat of arms with the Latin motto "We yield and achieve alternately." The motto reflected the history of the colonial seizure of the country, which the British unsuccessfully tried to win back from their Dutch rivals in 1685, 1781 and 1796, but finally captured it only at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1954, after granting self-government, British Guiana received its own coat of arms, on the shield which had the same pattern as on the badge.

The modern coat of arms and flag were adopted in 1966, when the country achieved independence and became known as Guyana. The predominant green color on the flag symbolizes the tropical forests that cover 83 percent of the country's territory, its fields and plantations, agriculture and forestry - the basis of the Guyanese economy. White represents rivers and reservoirs. Yellow color - minerals, which are rich in the bowels of the country. The arrow-shaped shape of the yellow field expresses the hope for rapid progress and a bright future, which must be achieved primarily through the efficient use of mineral resources. The red triangle symbolizes the energy and enthusiasm of the people on the path to building a prosperous life, and the black border symbolizes the will and perseverance in achieving this goal. In addition, the colors of the flag are believed to symbolize the main ethnic groups of the population (and occupy an area roughly proportional to their numbers); green - Indians, yellow - Negro, red - mulattoes and mestizos, white - Portuguese and other people of European origin, black - Indians.

The blue waves on the white shield of the coat of arms, as well as the corresponding colors of the wreath and the bast above the helmet, are the abundant inland waters of the country that gave it its name (in the language of the local Indians, Guyana means “country of waters”). Three waves - these are the three main rivers of the country - Berbice, Demerara and Essequibo, which gave the name to the original European colonies, as a result of which the current country arose as a result of the union. The gigantic aquatic plant Victoria regia (or Victoria amazonica) depicted on the shield symbolizes the rich tropical vegetation of Guyana. Round floating Victoria leaves reach a diameter of two meters and can withstand a load of up to 50 kg. Almost half a meter flowers bloom only for two nights, gradually changing their color and closing for a day (on the coat of arms, the left flower has already opened completely, and the right one - partially).

The fauna of Guyana is represented on the coat of arms by the hoatzin, a rare bird living in the jungle, similar to a pheasant and remarkable in that its chicks have clawed fingers on their wings, as well as two jaguars. The pick held by one of the jaguars symbolizes industry (mainly mining), while the stalks of sugar cane and rice (the country's main crops) in the paws of another jaguar symbolize agriculture. The knight's helmet is traditional for the heraldry of the former British possessions. The headdress of an Indian leader made of colorful feathers crowning it reminds of the historical past of Guyana, the first inhabitants of which were Indians (now they make up less than 5 percent of the population), and diamonds on the sides are the natural wealth of the country. Motto on English language means "One people. One nation. One Destiny” and expresses the desire for the unity of all national and racial groups of the country's population. l

Yuri Kurasov | Artist Yuri Semenov

Emblems and badges:

1. Shield of the coat of arms of Venezuela 1905-1930.
2. State Emblem of the Republic of Venezuela.
3. Coat of arms of Ecuador 1830.

4. State Emblem of the Republic of Ecuador.
5. Provincial coat of arms of the Galapagos Islands.
6. Colonial badge of British Guiana.
7. State Emblem of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana.

Flags:

1. Flag of the Venezuelan conspiracy of 1797.
2. Flag of Venezuela 1817-1821 and 1830-1859.
3. State flag of the Republic of Venezuela.

4. Rebel flag of the Ecuadorian province of Guayas 1820-1822.
5. Flag of Ecuador 1878-1900.
6. State flag of the Republic of Ecuador.

7. Provincial flag of the Galapagos Islands.
8. State flag of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana.

The modern flag of Romania is a rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 2:3. The flag uses blue, yellow, red (from the hoist) colors. The stripes are vertical.

The first mentions of blue, yellow and red colors are usually attributed to the 16th century.

Initially, the blue-yellow-red banner was used as a symbol of national unity during the revolution.

The official adoption of the flag took place in 1848, when a revolution took place. The arrangement of the stripes was borrowed from the flag of France, although some vexillologists dismiss French influence on Romanian flag usage.

There have been repeated attempts to return the coat of arms to the flag, so in 2013 the issue of returning the coat of arms to the flag was raised.

Symbolism

• The blue color represents freedom as well as the sky.
• Yellow color symbolizes justice, wheat fields.
• Red stands for brotherhood, the blood of patriots.

Historical flags of Romania

Flag of the united Principality of Moldavia and Wallachia from 1859 to 1866

Flag of Romania in 1848

In 1848, two types of flags were actively used. One of them was with horizontal stripes - the other with vertical ones. The second flag became the prototype for subsequent flags of the country.

The flags were written in Romanian: "justice, brotherhood."

What does the tricolor flag of the Don Cossacks mean - yellow-blue-red.

The flag of the Great Don Army is a rectangular panel with equal horizontal stripes: the upper stripe is blue, the middle one is yellow and the bottom one is red.

On May 4, 1918, at a meeting of the “Circle of Don Salvation”, chaired by Ataman P. N. Krasnov, the Basic Laws of the Great Don Army were considered. The laws also stipulated the symbolism of the Don:

“Article 48. Three nationalities have lived on the Don land since ancient times and constitute the indigenous citizens of the Don region - the Don Cossacks, Kalmyks and Russian peasants. Their national colors were: among the Don Cossacks - blue, cornflower blue, among the Kalmyks - yellow and among the Russians - scarlet. The Don flag consists of three longitudinal stripes of equal width: blue, yellow and scarlet.

The Don Cossack flag was first raised over Novocherkassk in May 1918. Prior to that, the Don Cossacks had only military banners granted by the Russian tsars. The flag of 1918 was a symbol of the independent state of the Great Don Army. It lasted only two years, giving the Cossacks (“Basic Laws of the Great Don Army”), two chieftains - Krasnov and Bogaevsky and a tricolor national flag, blue-yellow-red. If the flag of the Russian state (under which the Whites fought) symbolized the unity of the three Slavic peoples: Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, then the flag of the Don symbolizes the unity of the Cossacks, Kalmyks and Russians living in the region. Blue - Cossacks. Yellow - Kalmyks, also included in the Cossack estate. And red color - all non-residents (Ukrainians, Russians, Armenians)

On March 18, 1614, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich presented the Don Cossacks with their first official banner. The banner was woven from red damask with an azure edge. In the center of it was a double-headed eagle, in the border there was an inscription:

“By the order of the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Duke Mikhail Feodorovich of All Russia, Autocrat and under His Sovereign son, under the Blessed Tsarevich and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich, this banner was written on the Don Don ataman and a Cossack in the summer of 7152, August on the 27th day.”

In November 1990, a congress of the Don Cossacks took place in Rostov-on-Don. As a result, it was decided to form the Union of Cossacks of the Don Cossack Region. At the congress, the traditional symbols of the Don Army were restored: the Don flag of the established pattern, as well as the Don coat of arms and the anthem of the Cossacks. The delegates of the "Big Circle" (congress) approved the Program and Charter of the Union of Cossacks of the Don Cossack Region. M. M. Sholokhov was elected the first ataman of the Don Union of Cossacks.

By the decree of the President of the Russian Federation D. A. Medvedev in 2010, the banner of the military Cossack society "Great Don Army" was officially established

The flag of the Great Don Army formed the basis of the flag of the Rostov Region lasty

Symbols of the state - 1.
What are the banners calling for? Flag colors
Text: "Political Propaganda", 11.07. 2014

As soon as the symbols associated with the DPR and Novorossiya appeared - flags and coats of arms - their design not weakly cut into the eyes. It seemed that they did not contain meanings, but a complete scam, and here's why.
Firstly, they were launched outside of some more or less formulated ideology, concept or philosophy, but only as a sign of imitation modern Russia and orientation political processes towards modern Moscow. Which does not yet seek to take away on the ground, that is, in the DPR, such oligarchs as Akhmetov and Yanukovych. For some reason, they negotiate with the oligarchs, they are cherished and cherished, although they spoiled the Donbass a lot during their "reign" both in the economy and in the political sphere.
Secondly. this heraldry with paraphernalia was pulled out of figs, from some caches, somehow molded and rather arrogantly offered by some forces as a state one. Although under it it is proposed not only to live and fight, but also to die for present and future militia fighters.
So I propose to start by considering what the colors on the cloths mean, which are so actively forced on the Donetsk People's Republic and New Russia.

I'll start with DNR flag. It is clear that the tricolor background of this banner should refer to the "tricolor" of the flag of the Russian Federation, with the replacement of only one color - white with black. Everything seems to be clear, but let's decide where "there came from" and what the "white-blue-red" Russian flag means.

About the meaning of colors

Now let's go through the colors and immediately start with white. Explanations on the Internet regarding the use of this color can be found in a variety of ways. I will not philosophize excessively and let's see what Wikipedia has to offer regarding white. "White clergy in Orthodoxy are non-monastic clergy. The color of capitulation and truce, the color of purity or mourning." What can be brought to the first place in the flag of the Russian Federation? The power of white people is unlikely, since in Russia there are neither "blue" nor "red" peoples or races. Or is it the power of the white and blue “Dynamo” over the red and blue “army”? Sometimes you can find an interpretation on the Internet that this is the color of faith, God (whose, is it really unknown?), etc. And someone claims that white is the color of White Russia, which became part of the Russian Empire - and even this far-fetched explanation needs to be mentioned.

Blue: the color of the sea, royal color (in Europe), spirituality (Christianity), the color of the Virgin and the feminine. "Blue natural dyes are among the rarest, so they were especially highly valued." You can also recall the definition of "blue blood", which was usually used in relation to aristocratic circles and. It turns out that the introduction of blue into the cloth of the Russian naval, and then the state flag was originally caused by the imitation of the maritime monarchies of Europe: Holland, Great Britain, France, etc.? Another version, which associates white with Belarus, defines this color as the color of Little Russia, however, it is not at all clear why.

Red: the color of blood (due to the content of hemoglobin), passion, war, courage (as opposed to the femininity of blue), courage, attention, love. In Russian, this color is also associated with emphasizing beauty, importance - Red Square, the red line, the red girl, etc. If we continue the confrontation along the line of the warm and cold parts of the spectrum, then, comparing red with blue, in addition to the confrontation "Yan-Yin" ( red is masculine and blue is feminine), we can add that since blue is the color of the sea, red can denote the color of land. Thus it turns out that the red color is the color of tellurocracy, i.e. a type of civilization that develops mainly continental spaces, in contrast to a thalassocracy that develops sea and coastal zones. Now let's remember the current description by some unfortunate patriots of the Russian tricolor as an unification of the three parts of Russia. So the red color is attributed to Great Russia.

White-blue-red combination

Now I will begin to put forward version after version, which can mean a combination of white, blue and red, arranged in exactly the same order as on the modern Russian national flag.

1. An imitation of the ensign of the Dutch Navy, when the colors were borrowed for the first Russian warship, the Eagle, built in 1668. the Dutch merchant Johann van Sveden, who participated in the organization of the construction of the ship, submitted to the tsar “A list of what else is needed for the ship’s structure, besides what is now bought overseas”, in which he asked to release kindyaks (fabric) for the manufacture of flags, while specifying that « and with flowers all those kindyaks, as the Great Sovereign indicates, only happens on ships whose state is the ship, that state is the banner. Those. the flag is stupidly alien and borrowed for some unknown reason, the main versions of which may be the lack of imagination or the Dutch lobby under the Russian monarch.

2. The primacy of the church (white monasticism) over human principles, and the feminine dominates the masculine. the passive beginning dominates over the active, "Yang" submits to "Yin". Roughly speaking, the flag programs the population for behavior in which women rule over men and at the same time regularly run to church.

3. From the point of view of geopolitics, the red color referred to the very bottom may mean that relationships and expansion along the sea line are more important than expansion towards continental spaces. Those. we are friends with the Hanseatic cities, Europe, the Americas, and we leave our people for later.

4. The version of the trinity of Belarus, Little Russia and Great Russia - it seems like the first two are not part of the Russian Federation, but it turns out that Russia not only remembers them, but also puts these two territories on its head? Some bullshit, chesslovo.

5. Well, if you dive into the interpretations formulated by the Swiss psychologist Max Luscher in 1923 in his color test, you get a rather interesting alignment that will require a rather lengthy citation. So, red color is an expression of vitality and height of vegetative excitation ... It is an impulse, a vital will to conquer and potency, ranging from sexual instincts, up to revolutionary transformations .... This is "strike willpower" as opposed to green as "strength of willpower". In time, the red color corresponds to the present time, symbolically full of the forces of masculinity, directed upwards., to phallic forms and fire as a spiritual flame, such as the flame of the holy spirit of the trinity. Red seeks to permeate, transform and conquer.
"Blue" attachment becomes painful, masochistic and accompanied by an agonizing sensation due to failures in love. Dark blue represents calmness free from irritation.
In the case of a combination of these two colors, red - as a sexual desire, and blue - as a gentle satisfaction, complement each other and create erotic harmony.(In what way! So, such a combination offers to relax and have fun? For example, from borrowing other people's colors and symbols).
The combination of blue and red also expresses a conflicting combination of multidirectional tendencies - high motivation to avoid failure and achievement motivation. A pronounced propensity for direct self-realization collides with an equally high tendency to avoid conflicts, increased control over one's feelings and behavior. Balancing each other, these tendencies create an outwardly harmonious behavioral pattern, fraught with physiological disorders.

Of course, it is unlikely that the flag of an entire state can characterize the psychological state of the entire nation; rather, it draws a psychological portrait of the one who selected the colors for this flag. But anyway!)))
And further. If the tricolor from the 17th century was an imitation of the Dutch naval ensigns, and was used most of the time as the banner of the merchant fleet of the Russian Empire, then what can it symbolize today as the state flag of the Russian Federation, if not securing the highest priority in the state for huckstering?

Donetsk tricolor - what is it about?

So, on the Donetsk cloth, instead of white, there is black. Very solemn and sad, damn it. Either the flag is trolling feminists, demonstrating mourning for the predominance of the feminine over the masculine. Either he denies the presence of all of Belarus in a single alliance with Russia, since Black Russia was the name of the lands of the Pinsk principality - the south of modern Belarus. Either the flag demonstrates an anarchic beginning followed by a regular orgasm. In general, without half a liter you will not understand. The official interpretation of the DPR flag on Wikipedia is as follows: “The black color symbolizes the fertile land of Little Russia and the coal of Donbass. The blue color symbolizes the spirit of the people and the waters of the Sea of ​​Azov. The red color symbolizes the blood shed for the freedom of the people.” If anyone has been to the Sea of ​​Azov, especially in the area of ​​Mariupol, he can confirm that it is quite difficult to see the blue water there. Unbelievers - clog the search by pictures and among the abundance of gray-green, yellow-green and gray waters they count on the fingers natural and unphotoshopped images with a blue color of the water surface.

Flag of the Don Cossack Region: on top - "blue" Cossacks, in the middle - "yellow" Kalmyks, below - "red" Russians (downtrodden peasants, or what?). It turns out that the Cossacks with the Kalmyks can "lie" in the basis of the Ukrainian nationalist flag - "zhovtoblyak"?

It could be assumed that the tricolor of the DPR is also based on the history of the neighboring Don Cossack Region. On May 4, 1918, at a meeting of the "Circle of Don Rescue", chaired by ataman P.N. Krasnov, the Basic Laws of the Great Don Army were considered. The laws also stipulated the symbolism of the Don:
“Art.48. Three nationalities have lived on the Don land since ancient times and constitute the indigenous citizens of the Don region - the Don Cossacks, Kalmyks and Russian peasants. Their national colors were: among the Don Cossacks - blue, cornflower blue, among the Kalmyks - yellow and among the Russians - scarlet. The Don flag consists of three longitudinal stripes of equal width: blue, yellow and scarlet. Please note that the Russians are associated in this scenario with the red stripe, but the question is now different: what kind of blacks not only replaced the Kalmyks in the tricolor of the DPR, but also “sat down” on the head of the Cossacks? Or is it the color of the miners leaving the face after their shift on the way to the bathhouse?

The black stripe in the flag of the DPR is generally perceived rather ambiguously. You can also quote Max Luscher's guide to the heap: “Black is the darkest color. In black, the concentric direction of dark colors is completed up to the final point. Black is the absolute boundary where life ends. Therefore, black expresses the idea of ​​"nothing". Black is negation in relation to affirmation, which culminates in white as absolute freedom (hence impeccable). The banners of anarchists and nihilistic unions were black."

Now a little about the history of the creation of the DPR tricolor. For the first time this flag was invented for the public organization "Donetsk Republic", which, with a certain assumption, can be called the successor of the Intermovement of Donbass - an anti-nationalist organization that existed in Donetsk in the 1990s. Some unfortunate patriots believe that the black-blue-red tricolor repeats the flag of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic. However, the historian Vladimir Kornilov, who (like his brother Dmitry Kornilov) devoted more than one article to the history of the DKR and even published a book on the history of the creation of the disgraced republic, claims:

The flag of the DPR, hung upside down on the barricades, repeats the flag of the Intermovement of Donbass. The colors are easy to read - on top there is a red and blue stripe, taken from the flag of the Ukrainian SSR, and below (as it should be, underground) - black, symbolizing coal.

“One of the myths associated with the DKR is its flag. With the light hand of the public organization "Donetsk Republic", created in the wake of the "orange" events of 2004, a legend began to actively develop on the Internet that the DKR supposedly had a black-blue-red flag. Then there were "authoritative experts" who stated that they knew for certain that in 1918 a red-blue-black banner was used. And in many Internet sources, in all seriousness, this flag is given as the DKR flag. In fact, this tricolor was the flag of the same “Intermovement of Donbass” in the late 80s and early 90s. This banner, in fact, during a period of heated discussion about what kind of flag an independent Ukraine would have - blue-yellow or red-blue - was proposed as the flag of Donbass. The logic was simple: a red and blue flag of Ukraine and a black stripe symbolizing Donetsk coal. Then someone turned this flag upside down - and such a “historical banner of the DKR” appeared.
The Donetsk Republic in 1918, of course, could not have had a flag other than the banner of Soviet Russia. As we will see below, the founding fathers of the DKR never thought of secession from the Russian Federation and planned to become its autonomous entity. Therefore, the flag was used exclusively red (however, at that time the red flag was common to almost all social democratic organizations, it was used in 1917 at Ukrainian rallies - along with the yellow-blue). Not a single document has been preserved that indicates that the leaders of the DKR generally debated about the issue of symbolism - this did not cause disputes from anyone.

Is a bad example contagious?
The adoption of the tricolor as the national flag of the DPR broke through the dam of creativity of would-be designers. According to the principle "who gets up first, that gets slippers", a vector was set for the "fantasy" of artists and heraldists. I must say that the vector turned out to be limited, and fantasies did not shine with breadth and scope. As from a cornucopia similar striped banners - "mattresses" for the new republics - the former regions of Ukraine fell down.

Even for the Kiev Republic, a banner was invented with a gray color at the top, which, apparently, symbolizes the color of the "fireman's pants" and denotes the bulk of the population.
The flag of the Nikolaev Republic is also quite specific, because its background is stolen from Estonia, and turned upside down so that no one would guess. The Kherson Republic decided not to make a flag, because the residents of Kherson don't care if they have a flag or not. And in general, they are still sleeping, if anyone did not understand.)))
But the Dnipropetrovsk Republic, at least by a third, but tried to cram the majestic purple color. Looks like the "royal" dynasties (from Brezhnev to Kolomoisky) are still sprouts there.
Lugansk People's Republic, declaring competition on the flag of the Republic, received a bunch of options in which oblique and straight crosses were played, and a littered "y" a la the South African flag, but only one resembled the flag of the Soviet era - a red cloth with a blue stripe like the flag of the USSR, but without sickle, hammer and star. Are you afraid, citizens, or are you ashamed to draw strength from the past?

"Flag of Novorossia"

A misunderstanding called the "flag of Novorossiya" is now being actively dispersed on the Internet. The flag of a certain Mikhail Pavliv "Donetsk-Kiev political scientist" with the Carpathian form of the Russian surname "Pavlov" is full of Masonic symbols and borrowings from the flag of the United States and other powers of the "developed West". Omitting for now the details of the “coat of arms” of Novorossia and the tsatsek, with which the local double-headed eagle is hung (for we will consider the coats of arms in the continuation of the material), I will dwell on the color combination of the background for now. As you can see, the red cloth is actually torn or crossed out with an oblique St. Andrew's cross, which, apparently, the author considered a very cool move. In history, you can find several analogues of such coloring of the panels.

The banner of the slave-owning South of the USA, actively used by the Confederate States of America during the Civil War of 1861-1865, comes to mind first. Today it is used with might and main by bikers, for whom the meaning of life lies in sex, drugs, rock and roll and motorcycles.

Then you can remember the flag of the Military Operational Department of Tsentrobalt. Approved by order of the Supreme Naval Collegium No. 1 dated December 5, 1917. Canceled 03/04/1918.

Stern war ensign of the Far Eastern Republic. Approved by a decree of the government of the Far Eastern Republic dated August 1, 1921. Canceled by the decision of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of August 29, 1924.

The mention of the guis and the fortress flag of the USSR Navy will also be in place. Established by a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the USSR of August 29, 1924. It was canceled by the decision of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of 07.07.1932.

The next similarity is the guis and the fortress flag of the Russian Navy, which has been put into circulation since 2001 and is still in use.

In general, in Okontsovo, did the union of the newly proclaimed lands seeking to secede from Ukraine end up with the flag of the Confederate States of Novorossia, fortresses and bikers of the South of Russia? Another question: a blue cross crossing a red background - is the feminine crosses out the masculine or where? Then it turns out that the flag depicts yin, yang and crap. More precisely, how yin fucks yang. Or is it proposed to put the whole of Novorossia under the guis of the Russian Navy with the St. George Cross seized (which is white straight)? It turns out that there is simply no justification for this motley "Novorossiysk" ensign with an oblique cross.
Here is a critical analysis of the flag of Novorossia by one of the picky Internet users:
Mechanic
As far as I'm concerned, it sucks. Firstly, there are too many references to the United States (the flag of the Confederation, only without the stars, the eagle, although it is two-headed, has the same lightning bolts in its paw. In combination with the Confederate flag, the associations only intensify). Second, it's overloaded. The hammer and anchor don't look anywhere near the paws, the eagle is lost against the general background, there are many elements and inscriptions. Cossack on the shield generally what side? Didn't come up with anything better? Some kitsch. Need to be more concise. And these bells and whistles - not from a great mind. I can imagine that they will screw up on the coat of arms if they did this to the flag. Wangyu - will not be popular ...

Red banner

So, it turns out that historically, the flag of the Donetsk Republic is more than characteristic of the red color, which was the main color of both the flag of the RSFSR and the flag of the Soviet Union. We look that there is a red color on the Soviet banner. According to the Regulations on the State Flag of the USSR of August 19, 1955 f state lag "... is a symbol of the state sovereignty of the USSR and the indestructible alliance of workers and peasants in the struggle to build a communist society."

If anyone has forgotten what the Soviet flag should look like - transfer the dimensions to the fabric and paint it yourself!)))

The red color of the flag is a symbol of the heroic struggle of the Soviet people, led by the CPSU, for the construction of socialism and communism, sickle and hammer mean the unshakable alliance of the working class and the collective farm peasantry. The red five-pointed star on the flag of the USSR is a symbol of the final triumph of the ideas of communism on the five continents of the globe.

Of course, spiteful critics can immediately begin to claim that the red color for the red banner was offered to the Soviet government almost by the Rothschild dynasty, which, also treacherously, allegedly imposed the color of its family coat of arms-shield on poor communist China. Homegrown monarcho-patriots can also lure the fact that red is the color of the sacrificial blood shed by Jesus Iosifovich on the cross for sins, they can also remember the love of the Nazis of the Third Reich for this color. However, such experts can be safely sent on a hiking trip to places not so remote, because otherwise it is necessary to recognize all the scarlet banners of Russian princes as Nazi-Anti-Christ symbols.

In short, the Soviet red flag, compared to the tricolor and crossed banners of the DPR and Novorossiya, is simple, understandable, and historically justified. It is under this flag that one can start not only transformations in society, but also mark the movement in unpacking cultural and historical experience in the matter of socio-economic transformations and full-fledged state building. In which there will be no place for oligarchs or nouveaux riches with all sorts of financial pyramids like MMM. And there will be a consolidation of the people. There will be a difficult present, but there will also be a cosmic, not a slave-consumer future.

(To be continued)