Skeptics tend to perceive the story of the unidentified as fiction, and realists as a topic for reflection.
The incident began with the mystical locality of Jrduz in Artsakh (Karabakh). This area, like a magnet, attracts everything that is unreal for a real measurement of time.
It was the summer of the distant ninetieth year. We were visiting my grandparents in the village of Ternavazd, Askeran region of Artsakh, where my parents are from. I liked spending my holidays there. The ancestral house was located in the upper part of the village, from where much could be seen at a glance, including the city of Shushi with its fortress and churches. At that time, we had already moved from Russia to our homeland and lived in Stepanakert.
There was a summer evening silence in the village. Cattle that returned from pastures were herded into a barn, and poultry into a chicken coop. At home, our whole large family was preparing for dinner together and at the same time listening to the TV on loudly. I helped the elders set the table, after which I went out onto the veranda to wash my hands from the washbasin hanging on the wall, where water is constantly added. Despite the evening, it was hot at home and I wanted to stand on the veranda for a while. Leaning my elbows on the railing of the balcony, I simply began to look into the distance, where the blue mountains merged with the blue sky ... For some reason, not a single bird flew in the sky, it was somehow unrealistically quiet. Not a single bark of a dog, not a single sound of domestic animals was heard in the whole village. In nature it was unusually quiet.
For several seconds I just stood and looked into the distance... Far away, somewhere above Dzhrdyuz, almost parallel to my gaze, a luminous red dot appeared in the sky from somewhere. This point, as it approached the direction of the village, increased in size. In the blue cloudless sky, I saw a disc-shaped object of gray color that I had never seen before, which seemed to be metallic.
I did not understand what it was and why it glided so silently across the sky. If it's an airplane, why is it flying very low to the ground and without the aircraft sound of an airplane? If it's a helicopter, why is there no fan noise? And in general, where did all the living earthly noise go? It was as if everything was frozen around, there was only me and this strange object in the sky, and also the voices of my relatives and the TV in the back of the house ...
The object floated smoothly, silently across the sky in my direction, as if there, inside it, one of their optical instruments was examining me point-blank. I really felt uneasy... I hid behind the wall, where slippers were stored on the shelves behind a colored chintz curtain, and cautiously glanced in the direction of the UFO. I began to call my mother so that she would come to look at this unidentified object, which we had heard so much about from television programs, but did not take seriously. It was useless to call, in the back room in the bustle no one heard me anyway. I stepped out from behind the wall and continued to secretly observe the object. Apparently, having lost sight of me, he smoothly turned towards the neighboring village of Khachmach and silently disappeared behind a large mountain ...
After seeing the object, I immediately went and told my mother what had happened. Of course, she did not believe me, and everything that I experienced during that minute, she considered the fruit of my romantic imagination. My mother is a convinced skeptic, until she sees it with her own eyes, she will never believe it.
A few years later, just like that, between conversations, I told this story to my friend Angelica. To my surprise and joy, she believed me and told me: “My father-in-law, the former chairman of the village of Khachmach, said that one summer evening from the stairs of his house he also watched some unidentified object. You were not the only one who saw a UFO, so I believe you. "
My only brother also believed. He said that while working as a commander of a sapper brigade in "Hello trass", often traveling to the regions to clear mines, he and the guys from their brigade often had to observe similar appearances of UFOs in the sky over the mountains of Artsakh.
An unidentified flying object (UFO) is an observed object resembling an aircraft, the identity of which is not determined by earthly observers.
The most complete definition of a UFO was given by the researcher of the unknown Joseph Allen Hynek: “The perception of an object or light visible in the sky or space, or above the earth's surface; phenomenon, ghost, trajectory, the general dynamics and nature of the glow of which does not find a logical, generally accepted explanation, is a mystery not only for eyewitnesses, but also remains unexplained even after a close study of all available evidence by specialists who are able, if possible, to identify the phenomenon from the point of view common sense."
Since some of the documented cases of sightings of flying objects could not be identified, the greatest skepticism is usually caused not by reports of the observation of something unidentified, but by statements about the alien origin of objects. From a scientific point of view, there is still no confirmed evidence that UFOs are in any way connected with alien life.

* Slightly similar photo taken from the Internet.

UFOs are unidentified flying objects that periodically appear in our sky in different parts of the world. Alien ships have constantly interested ordinary people and some scientists. Skeptical astronomers continue to argue that UFOs do not exist. Only one thing can be said for sure now: humanity has not yet been able to either confirm or refute the theory of the existence of aliens. This article contains the most interesting facts about UFOs, starting with information about the first alien objects seen.

• The term "UFO" was first used in his book by D. E. Kehoe in 1953. By the way, the book is called "Flying Saucers from Space".
• Attention to alien flying vehicles was attracted by the pilot K. Arnold, who in 1947 during the flight noticed 9 unidentified objects hovering in the air. The news of this quickly spread around the world, after which ordinary people began to literally seek contact with aliens. Arnold, in turn, saw objects over Mount Raynel, which is located on the territory of Washington. It was Kenneth Arnold who called UFOs flying saucers, after which this term became popular and often used.
• Officially, the term "UFO" was introduced by the United States Air Force. It happened in 1953. Air Force employees called the above term not only unidentified objects in the form of plates, but also other devices of various shapes, the origin of which was difficult to determine.

• Most modern scientists believe that alien ships do not deserve such attention, because they cannot visit our planet so often. It is known that news about UFOs appear on the Internet with enviable regularity. If all of them were true, then we would already be able to establish direct contact with the aliens.
• In the late 1950s and early 1960s, UFO news was incredibly popular in the United States. Later it turned out that almost all such news was, in fact, about "U-2" - reconnaissance aircraft, which for several years were classified.
• All films about aliens and alien technology can be divided into two groups. The first group, which is the most popular, exhibits hostile alien behavior. In such films, aliens attack people, master our planet, turning our life into Hell. The second group of films shows us a completely different behavior of UFOs - friendly. In such a cinema, aliens are trying to teach us something high-tech, reveal their secrets and even save people. In addition, there is another category of UFO films in which we rescue aliens. Movies like this are rare. Based on the foregoing, we can assume what exactly we expect from aliens.

• In ufology, there is a term "ufonaut" - an ancient astronaut. Representatives of this science believe that "ufonauts" often visited our planet in the distant past. This theory is proved by various archaeological finds and architectural monuments of ancient cities.
• In 1967, over England, six unidentified vehicles lined up in a row in the sky. The government officially approved the plans of scientists and the military, who intended to study UFOs. This event attracted everyone's attention, but later it turned out that it was all a hoax.
• The Bermuda "triangle" is also credited with a connection with aliens. Researchers believe that an alien permanent base may exist underwater in that area, which is often visited by aliens. This explains the mysterious disappearances of ships and aircraft, which to this day have not been found.
• The famous astronomer Carl Sagal has always been skeptical. He doubted that a highly developed alien civilization would be willing to make contact with us. Despite his beliefs, he still participated in the world-famous SETI project.

• In the late 1930s, Orson Welles quoted the fantastic book The War of the Worlds in his radio broadcast. He so plausibly and realistically described what was happening in it that thousands of Americans believed that they were really attacked by aliens. Mass panic began about halfway through the book. People quickly packed their things and tried to leave. Fortunately, the shocked population was able to calm down in time.
• On July 8, 1947, the wreckage of an alien ship was allegedly discovered in Roswell. A little later, the government announced that this ship was, in fact, an terrestrial experimental flying machine. For months, people refused to believe it, accusing the government of deliberately hiding the truth about UFOs.
• In the USSR, alien saucers often turned out to be new types of military equipment.
• A 1996 social survey showed that 71% of Americans believe that the authorities are hiding the truth about flying alien vehicles from them. Moreover, many were sure that the government had long established contact with the aliens and concluded certain agreements with them.
• The first photograph of an unidentified alien vehicle was taken in 1883 by a Mexican astronomer named J. Bonilla.
• The first people to report the alien abduction were Betty and Barney, surnamed Hill. The abduction, they said, took place in 1961 in New Hampshire. The testimonies of the spouses completely coincided, despite the fact that they were interviewed separately and under hypnosis.

• In modern times, there are official organizations in the world engaged in the search and study of UFOs. The most famous are: MUFON, CUFOS and the Unidentified Flying Object Research Foundation.
• Aliens abducted not only ordinary people, but also the military, and in front of their leadership. So in 1953, junior lieutenant F. Yu. Monkla disappeared without a trace. He was sent to intercept a UFO hovering over Michigan. Monkla's plane approached the unidentified vehicle, after which a bright light enveloped it, and when everything stopped, it turned out that the plane was no longer on the radar. Nothing more was heard about the pilot and his plane.

Fans of conspiracy theories and quite serious men have been trying for more than a decade to find out what a UFO is and what the consequences may be for humanity from contact with another civilization. So far, everything remains somewhere at the level of fantasy and we analyze the proposed scenarios only in cinemas. But perhaps someday the situation will change dramatically.

What is the probability of meeting aliens?

The universe is infinite. And this frightens all those who, in principle, can imagine what dimensions infinity tends to.

What else is known about the universe:

• The age of the space around us is measured in billions of years, and with each new revision, the figure only increases;
• The distance between star systems is too great;
• The emergence of life is not subject to any mathematical laws.

Just think:

1. At a distance of 2000 light years, life originated on two different planets;
2. In addition to two thousand light years, these phenomena were separated by 50 million calendar years;
3. By the time the younger civilization went into space, there was not even dust left from the buildings of the "old men";
4. Each life form considered itself absolutely unique, the only one endowed with intelligence.

There can be thousands and millions of such examples all the time. Civilizations could erupt and fade like shooting stars in the pitiless sky of eternity. The probability that two at the same time "flare up" almost nearby and be able to find each other - negligible.

In this video, Valery Pyatkin will talk about the nature of the occurrence of UFOs, about the cases of the appearance of objects to earthlings:

What is a UFO, really?

There are only three letters in the concept, and each of them can be deciphered:

• N - unidentified;
• L - flying;
• O is an object.

Theoretically, any object that has risen into the air and is not identified by anyone can be called a UFO. Even a piece of ice that falls from a transport aircraft and sparkles during its short flight to the surface can be mistaken for a "flying saucer" that is crashing.

In fact, most often instead of "green men" we see:

1. Weather probes;
2. Tests of the military and their secret developments;
3. Amateur experiments in rocket science;
4. Optical illusions;
5. abnormal weather events;
6. Banal garbage or Chinese lanterns.

So far, no one has managed to fix the spacecraft. Maybe at least from the fact that any engineer developing a spacecraft would supply it with protection and camouflage systems.

Especially when it comes to visiting "barbarian" planets. Why scare the natives when you can sneak in and go unnoticed?

What to do if you see a UFO?

If you saw strange lights in the sky:

• Record what happened on video, there will be something to tell;
• Watch and wait until the UFO disappears from the sky;
• Make sure the object is not heading towards your home or community;
• Publish materials on thematic forums and blogs dedicated to ufology;
• Try to contact civil aviation and find out if there were transport planes at the given time at the given place;
• Check the availability of the aircraft using special sites where you can track the routes of international airlines.

If you want to get another funny story in your collection, you can stop at the first point. Finding out the truth can only disappoint, in the end you will not get a video from a UFO, but a recording of the flight of an airplane, a meteorite or a Chinese lantern.

With clarification of the source of an incomprehensible glow, you can help:

1. Ufologists;
2. Meteorologists;
3. Dispatchers and employees of civil aviation;
4. Special Effects Specialists.

The main thing is not to worry, nothing terrible happens. Man has long conquered the sky and there are thousands of man-made objects in it at the same time. There is nothing surprising in the fact that you noticed one of them. Or maybe something else, the truth is somewhere nearby.

What do we know about flying objects?

If we talk specifically about "flying saucers", all our knowledge is very scarce:

• Mankind has never been in contact with aliens, in any case, there is no convincing evidence to the contrary;
• Many peoples of antiquity have myths that, in their description, are very similar to communication with aliens;
• Not a single skeleton of a creature that came to us from distant stars has been found on the entire planet;
• Not once did humanoids fall into the lens of television cameras;
• There are several high-profile "incidents" allegedly related to alien visits to our planet.

This topic is often played up in science fiction films and books, but so far there has not been a single real contact. All vague evidence dates back to the pre-Christian era, how much truth is in them, and how much fantasy of distant pagan ancestors is difficult to say.

By the way, for most religions, the appearance of visitors from deep space would be the beginning of the end.

All the available knowledge we learned only from our own imagination. What aliens and their technology might look like in general, we do not know. The universe, apparently, can surprise with diversity, so you can expect anything.

UFOs - aliens from outer space?

UFO - unknown flying object. Any object in the air that the observers could not identify.

The technical definition is not so mystical and does not give off science fiction, most often it is:

1. Chinese lanterns;
2. Meteorites;
3. Aircraft;
4. Weather probes;
5. Test objects;
6. natural phenomena;
7. Optical illusions.

It is extremely difficult to determine what exactly was in the air of such and such a month, such and such a date. In most cases, this becomes an impossible task and ufologists have to be satisfied with an explanation that does not have any evidence base. Yes, it could have been a meteorite. And could be aliens from Nibiru. What is something else is unprovable.

Romanticizing guests from distant galaxies can lead to serious problems. In the history of mankind there are examples of contacts between more developed civilizations and less fortunate relatives. At best, everything ended in plunder and destruction of culture. But it also came to genocide, so it is better to meet “brothers in mind” fully armed.

It remains to be hoped that another civilization has reached the level where there is simply no place for aggression. But such a rosy prospect is hard to come by.

Most do not know what a UFO is and by this concept they mean only “flying saucers”. But the truth is much simpler, even a balloon with a flashlight attached can be called an unidentified flying object and arouse interest in specialized forums for many months.

Video: what does a UFO look like?

In this video, ufologist Gennady Stulnev will show several objects in the sky classified as UFOs:

Ever since mankind had the opportunity to look beyond the earth's atmosphere and began to seriously explore the cosmos, earthlings have always been worried about the same question: are we alone in the universe. To this day, official science has not given an unambiguous answer to this question - simply because it does not have sufficient grounds for this. The informal one claims: no, you are not alone! And moreover, I am absolutely sure that the Earth and its inhabitants have long been the object of research and visits by their brothers in mind.

Unofficial science, confident in the existence of aliens and their periodic contacts with the Earth, is called ufology - from the English abbreviation UFO, in Russian - UFO, that is, "an unidentified flying object." But ufology is not limited to the study of UFOs alone. The scope of its interests is much wider: it includes all phenomena on Earth and outside it, which have not yet found a logical explanation, as well as terrestrial and extraterrestrial objects, which are attributed to extraterrestrial origin.

Although ufology is still not recognized as a science, and in many countries (including Russia) it is officially considered a quasi-science, or even pseudoscience, its fans and supporters even have their own day - World UFO Day, which is celebrated July 2nd In anticipation of this day, "MIR" tells its readers about six famous cases of sightings of UFOs and contacts with them, recorded since 1947 - since the phenomenon of "flying saucers" was first documented.

The first meeting with "flying saucers" (1947, Washington, USA)

The first person who managed to describe in detail his encounter with unidentified flying objects is Arnold Kenneth, an American businessman and amateur pilot. It was after his story that the term “flying saucer” itself appeared and entered the world dictionary forever, since, according to Kenneth, those aircraft that he met on June 24, 1947 over the Cascade Mountains in Washington state, located on the western US coast. According to an amateur pilot, nine incomprehensible objects, resembling disks in profile, and in plan - crescents with a ledge at the top, “flyed about 20-25 miles and disappeared from sight. “For about three minutes, I watched as a chain of objects moving like saucers on water, like thrown flat stones, objects, stretching for at least 5 miles, tacked between high mountain peaks. They were flat as frying pans and reflected the sun's rays like a mirror. I saw it all quite clearly and distinctly,” wrote the American pilot. Most of all, Kenneth was alarmed by the speed of the “flying saucers”: according to his calculations, it was much more than the speed of sound, which at that time no known aircraft on the planet was capable of.

Disaster in Roswell (1947, New Mexico, USA)

The events that led to talk about the fact that the government and the military are hiding the truth about the aliens unfolded two weeks after Kenneth's sensational encounter with the "flying saucers". A few days earlier, on July 3, farmer Mark Brazel from New Mexico saw a bright flash and a thunderclap at night, from which his house shuddered, and the next morning he found a wasteland covered with metal fragments that looked like thick foil, which, under any impact, retained their shape, the bars of which - some light material, non-combustible and unbreakable, and other incomprehensible things.

On July 8, a press officer at Roswell Air Force Base made a statement that the found “flying disc” had been delivered to the base, but a day later this statement was disavowed by the higher command. The wreckage was called the remains of a fallen weather balloon, but witnesses continued to claim that it did not look like any weather balloon. Later, eyewitnesses began to appear, allegedly seeing aliens found next to the crashed UFO, which were seized and examined by the military.

Incident with pilot Mantell (1948, Kentucky, USA)

This incident can be considered the first case of human death as a result of an attempt to investigate a UFO up close. On January 7, 1948, four Mustang P-51 fighters were raised from the Godman airbase, which were faced with the task of catching up and investigating an incomprehensible object approaching the airbase. All four pilots clearly saw an object in front of them, which they described as “metal, huge, round, like a tear, and sometimes seemed liquid” (this description was later given by the command from the words of the pilots). Three pilots returned to base, while one, Wing Commander Captain Thomas F. Mantell, continued to pursue the UFO in an attempt to get as close to it as possible. “I’m going to approach in order to better examine it,” the pilot informed the dispatcher. “It's right in front of me and it's still flying twice as slow as me… This thing looks like it's metal and it's huge. Now she is climbing and going at the same speed as me ... that is, 360 miles per hour. I'll climb to 20,000 feet and if I can't get close, I'll give up the pursuit." Soon the connection with the pilot disappeared, and later the crashed Mantell fighter was found. It turned out that the pilot died of asphyxiation before his plane hit the ground, exploding in the air. One of the main oddities that makes ufologists even today talk about a meeting with aliens was the time difference between the death of the pilot and the time of the plane crash. Mantell's wristwatch stopped at 15.10, communication with the plane was lost at 15.15, and it crashed only an hour and a half later - at 16.45!

Case in Sokkoro (1964, New Mexico, USA)

After the events of 1947-48, UFOs began to be observed around the world with sufficient regularity, but it was very rarely possible to trust the stories about these encounters. All the more strange were the events of April 24, 1964 in the vicinity of the city of Sokkoro, where patrol policeman Lonnie Zamora first saw a column of flame descending to the ground, and then, when he drove closer, a strange object that looked like a silver car, and two unknown people next to him. “I didn’t see those two for long, when I stopped for two seconds to examine the object,” the policeman later said. “Nothing out of the ordinary: no hats, no helmets. People are like people.

Squat adults or tall boys. When they noticed me, one of these creatures turned to the car and started in surprise. Having called for help and drove around the hill on which the strange apparatus stood, Zamora no longer saw a silver car, but something egg-shaped, and there were no living creatures nearby. And at that very moment, the object began to make pops, then a flame appeared from below, and after a few seconds there was nothing on the hill. Later, dents in the ground and traces of flames were found at that place. The case in Sokkoro is considered one of the most reliable examples of possible contact with UFOs of extraterrestrial origin.

Fireball in Kecksburg (1965, Pennsylvania, USA)

A year and a half later, on December 9, 1965, events unfolded in the vicinity of the town of Kecksburg, adding fuel to the fire of discussions about secret military research on UFOs. That day, a brilliant fireball swept over the eastern coast of North America: it was observed by thousands of people in the United States and Canada, from Ontario to Pennsylvania. In the end, the UFO disappeared in the Kecksburg area, and the site of its alleged fall was immediately cordoned off by the military. Witnesses from among the local residents managed to see how a strange bell-shaped structure was pulled out of the forest, which was loaded onto an army heavy-duty trailer and taken away in an unknown direction. Opponents of the ufological version claimed that the military seized a crashed Soviet satellite or the warhead of a ballistic missile near Keksburg. However, one of the few photographs that have survived after the incident shows a strange object slightly taller than human height, unlike any of the known Soviet satellites, much less a rocket head.

Tehran case (1976, Tehran, Kingdom of Iran)

In a long line of UFO sightings over the Earth's surface, the so-called "Tehran case" stands apart. As the Department of Defense Intelligence Agency noted in its report, in accordance with the criteria for evaluating such incidents, this was an "outstanding case." The paper notes that it is "considered a classic UFO sighting meeting all the criteria for a credible sighting:

• The object was observed from several different positions (Shamiran, Mehrabad, aircraft, control tower and a dry salt lake);
• High reliability of many observers (air force general, qualified pilots and experienced controllers);
• Visual observations are confirmed by radar;
• Similar electromagnetic effects have been observed on three different aircraft;
• Physiological effects associated with the appearance of UFOs (loss of night vision due to the brightness of the object) have been observed;
• UFOs had great maneuverability.

In addition, all pilots who observed UFOs - and these were not only two military pilots, but also the crew of a civilian passenger aircraft, claimed that at a distance of about 40-45 miles from a brightly luminous object, their electronic equipment failed (and on one of the military the aircraft’s weapons control system also failed), the object did not allow approaching it, and a smaller UFO that separated from the main object even flew around the military airfield control tower, turning off all the equipment on it, and later landed, but the results of the survey of its landing site remained classified.

Gerald Heard) "The riddle of the flying saucers", in which the author, taking into account the opinion of some scientists of his time that Mars may be the only habitable planet in the solar system on which insects can live, states that UFOs arrive from Mars, piloted in appearance and in a way of life similar to bees beings.

The extraterrestrial version was also expressed in the book by Jessup Morris (Eng. Jessup Morris) "The case for the UFO"(1955), where the author claimed that there is an alien base near the Earth, and UFOs come to Earth from somewhere in the solar system. Morris wrote that alien technology is superior to Earth technology in many ways.

Evidence for the hypothesis

In some cases, it was said that during contacts, the enlonauts declared themselves representatives of an extraterrestrial civilization: J. Adamski allegedly made contact with a resident of Venus, Eduard Meier (English Eduard Meier) from Switzerland claimed that in 1975 he saw a UFO descending to earth and communicated with humanoid creatures, supposedly calling themselves aliens from the Pleiades.

An example is the case first described in the journal "Flying Saucer Review" for October 1969, also mentioned by ufologist Jacques Vallet in the book "Great Mysteries of the Earth". On April 24, 1964, farmer Harry Wilcox was reportedly fertilizing his field near Tioga, New York. At about 10 o'clock in the morning, he broke off and went to another field surrounded by forest to check it out. At the edge, he noticed a silvery object, which he first took for a discarded refrigerator, and then for some part of the aircraft. In fact, it turned out that an egg-shaped object of a metallic color about 5 by 6 m was standing on the ground.

The next moment, he allegedly noticed near him humanoid figures about 1 meter and 20 centimeters high, dressed in some kind of overalls and with hoods that completely covered their faces. Each of them held a "tray" with earth on it. The creatures spoke to Wilcox in English, the words seemed to come from not the "head", but from the whole body: “Don’t be scared, we have already communicated with people before. We come from a celestial body that you humans call the planet Mars.".

The creatures began to question Wilcox about the fertilizer he was pouring, and he tried to explain to them that they made the crops grow better. The creatures told him that food was also grown on Mars and that, allegedly due to changes in the "environment", these creatures were forced to master the agricultural methods of people. Harry Wilcox: “When they talked about space or about their ship, it was difficult for me to understand their explanations. They said they could only fly in from their planet once every two years and are currently exploring the Western Hemisphere.". The creatures were allegedly surprised that the farmer saw an ovoid object, "because their ship is harder to spot during the day", they also talked about interplanetary flights, Wilcox was informed that a person is unlikely to be able to successfully perform them due to the unsuitability of his body for this.

It was decided to give these creatures a bag of fertilizer, but while Wilcox went after him, the creatures and the egg-shaped object disappeared. The farmer left the sack in the field, and the next day found that the sack was gone.

Most intriguing are the testimony of Betty Hill about the alleged abduction by her inhabitants of the star Zeta Reticuli (Eng. Zeta Reticuli). Betty Hill, under hypnosis, drew a "star map" that was allegedly shown to her during the abduction, and later an amateur astronomer found and identified the stars depicted on it.

Arguments against this hypothesis

1. No signs of intelligent life have been found on any planet known to science. The lunar forests reported by Adamski have not been found.
2. Interstellar distances. Opponents of the versions about the involvement of extraterrestrial civilizations in UFOs pay attention to the gigantic distances between the stars, which, at a speed less than the speed of light (the theory of relativity), require many years to overcome. However, many enthusiasts of the extraterrestrial hypothesis and science fiction writers still develop methods for interstellar communications, but such reasoning does not affect unidentified flying objects themselves.
3. Properties of UFOs that contradict our ideas about extraterrestrial intelligence. In some cases, it was told about UFOs that moved very quickly, abruptly changed the direction of flight, also about the disappearances and sudden appearances of UFOs in front of eyewitnesses - these objects do not always behave like solid bodies, like objects consisting of matter.
4. The absurd behavior of enlonauts. One of the most ardent opponents of the extraterrestrial hypothesis was ufologist Jacques Vallee, who in his writings emphasized the discrepancy between the behavior of Enlonauts and the behavior attributed to aliens by modern culture. He tried to draw attention to the obviously illogical behavior of the enlonauts - the alleged carriers of a higher mind, only capable of interstellar flights. For example, stories about UFOs from the time of "airships" report obvious UFO "breakdowns" for eyewitnesses, about the actions of enlonauts, regarded by witnesses as "repairing" UFOs. If we postulate that UFOs make space flights, then it seems strange that they are imperfect and prone to frequent malfunctions.

Jacques Vallee, "Five arguments against the extraterrestrial origin of unidentified flying objects" :

The opinions of scientists have usually followed public opinion in their belief that unidentified flying objects do not exist (the version of the natural origin of UFOs), or if they exist, they must be proof that some super-advanced race of space travelers has visited us (the version of extraterrestrial origin of UFOs) . Here the author takes the liberty of expressing the opinion that research in the field of UFOs should not be limited to these two alternative points of view. On the contrary, bit by bit, evidence shows that some models tend to indicate that UFOs exist, that they represent a previously unrecognized phenomenon, and that these facts do not support the conventional concept of "space aliens." The following are five specific arguments that conflict with the extraterrestrial origin of UFOs:

1. inexplicable close contacts in their numbers, they far exceed the number of them necessary for the physical examination of the Earth;
2. the human-like structure of the body of the so-called “aliens” is hardly due to origin on another planet and is not biologically adapted to space flights;
3. the behavior reported in the abduction reports numbering in the thousands contradicts the hypotheses of genetic or scientific experiments on humans by the advanced races;
4. the prevalence of phenomena throughout recorded human history shows that UFOs are a phenomenon not peculiar only to our time and
5. the apparent ability of UFOs to manipulate space and time leads to radically more diverse and deeper alternative ideas, and three of them are offered in general terms to the attention of the reader, as it were, at the conclusion of this document.

Version of the natural origin of the UFO

Hypotheses about the natural origin of UFOs(English) The Natural Explanation Hypothesis or Null hypothesis) are based on the belief that all unexplained cases, reports of UFOs, if not hoaxes, then arise from the observation of phenomena already known, described and studied by modern science: meteors, flying birds, burning swamp gas. Ufologists who hold this view are sometimes referred to as "skeptics". The most famous "skeptical" ufologists are Edward Condon, Philip Klass and Donald Menzel.

There is also an assumption by some scientists that many UFOs are fireballs.

A similar approach to the problem of UFOs still allows us to explain many cases. But sometimes "skeptics" deliberately ignore certain facts, details of eyewitness reports that contradict their conclusions (see ""Pseudo-identified" objects"). Further, not all cases of UFO sightings, in particular the so-called close contacts(Look classification contacts with UFO), even remotely reminiscent of atmospheric phenomena or meteors known to science.

Psychosocial hypotheses of the origin of UFOs

Opinions were expressed that the huge number of reports about UFOs and the increased interest in them can be explained by some kind of crisis experienced by the population of a particular state. For example, in the late 1940s in the United States and during perestroika in the USSR, there was a great interest in the problem of UFOs, at which time their observation was reported. This version can be interpreted in two ways: on the one hand, the flow of eyewitness reports about UFOs and the mass interest in them are interpreted as a manifestation of the neuroticization of society (an increase in the number of people with mental disorders, the development of doubts in traditional religious or materialistic pictures of the world, a massive craving for the miraculous or fear of unknown); on the other hand, interest in UFOs can be fueled by special services seeking to divert public attention from crisis phenomena. Some link the rise of the UFO craze to the rise of the movement. "New Age".

Version of the anthropogenic origin of UFOs

Versions of the anthropogenic origin of UFOs

1. Disc-shaped aircraft of the Third Reich. In 1995, V. A. Harbinson wrote a book "Project UFO", where he reported that in the spring of 1941, Rudolf Schriever designed a small jet remote-controlled disk, which was first tested in June 1942. Also, Schriver built a round plane about a foot in diameter in the Harz Mountains in 1944. According to Harbinson, one of these aircraft was secretly launched on February 14, 1945, Schriver claimed that his aircraft could reach speeds of up to 4,200 km / h, and could fly up to six thousand km, according to him, the plans were stolen by the Allies before the end of World War II. He was convinced until his death in the late 1950s. that the abundance of reports of "flying saucers" after the war indicates that his ideas were developed.
   Similar aircraft, 39- and -meter «disks Belontse», tried to build the Austrian inventor Viktor Schauberger. His apparatus allegedly lifted into the air "smokeless and flameless" engine which “consumed only water and air”. According to reports, when testing one of them, the disk reached a -kilometer height in minutes, reaching a speed of 2,200 km / h.
   As soon as after the Second World War in America they began to look for an explanation for the UFO phenomenon, hypotheses were put forward that they were launched from secret bases in the Amazonian selva or in Antarctica by surviving Nazis.
2. Reconnaissance aircraft of the Soviet Union. From the very beginning of the study by the US Air Force, which took place in the late 1940s, UFOs were considered as a possible newest Soviet technology. The hypothesis was not confirmed.
3. US aircraft.

   There have also been suggestions that unknown celestial objects observed in the United States are American aircraft, possibly created on the basis of Nazi experimental samples obtained or on the basis of captured alien technology. In the United States and Canada, indeed, attempts were made to build disc-shaped aircraft, but most often they were unsuccessful: the disc-shaped form does not contribute to the required aerodynamic effect. All the then known attempts at the invention of flying discs cannot be compared in terms of maneuverability with the UFOs described at the same time.

4. Space junk. There are also suggestions that unknown objects observed in near-Earth space are space debris. Today, about 10,000 different objects fly in near-Earth space, the diameter of which exceeds 10 centimeters, and all of them are products of human life. In space, in addition to small parts from failed vehicles, there are also large objects: out of approximately 3100 near-Earth satellites, 2/3 are inactive and uncontrollable. Also in orbit burial there are dozens of spent nuclear reactors from space devices. All these objects can cause a glow in the night sky and false suspicions in the observer.
5. Activities of secret societies. It has been suggested that reports of UFOs are caused and stimulated by secret orders, like Freemasonic lodges, hatching plans for world domination. Enthusiasts of these hypotheses are convinced that UFO sightings, abductions are the result of an impact on the human psyche, the use of new technologies, coupled with the secret knowledge of the ancients. Such ideas were considered in the book by Jacques Vallee "Heralds of Deception" .
6. Atlanta. Also, among the exotic hypotheses of the origin of UFOs, there is an assumption that UFOs are launched by the Atlanteans from the ocean floor - the hypothesis dates back to the end of the 1940s.

Evidence of hypotheses about the anthropogenic origin of UFOs

1. In different periods of the New Time, UFOs looked according to the then level of technological development., although superior to it. For example, during the early days of airship building, stories about cigar-shaped airships; when aviation developed, it was told about ghost planes; when it became known about rocket science in Nazi Germany, in the Scandinavian countries they talked about ghost rockets.
2. Creatures indistinguishable from humans spotted near UFOs, in rare cases, even, according to eyewitnesses, in "military" uniform. Another eyewitness of the airship spoke about "people" near the UFO in "military" uniform.
3. Black helicopters unmarked were often seen in the United States in places where UFO sightings were often reported or cases of mutilation of livestock were noted. Sometimes they even sat down, and people in “military” uniforms came out of them.

Arguments against hypotheses about the anthropogenic origin of UFOs

1. UFOs have in some cases exhibited properties that cast doubt on their solidity.
2. Some UFO maneuvers, such as turning at a right angle at high speed, are detrimental to any living being, including a person, if one is inside the object at that moment.
3. UFOs were observed long before the scientific and technological revolution came - the most compelling argument.

Ultraterrestrial hypotheses of the origin of UFOs

Living UFOs

More Kenneth Arnold (see "A Case in the Cascade Mountains") assumed that the "flying saucers" he observed in 1947 were unknown to science creatures living in the earth's atmosphere, "something like air jellyfish". Ideas about such creatures were expressed even in the work of Eric Frank Russell (Eng. Eric Frank Russell) "Sinister Barrier"() and in the story of A. K. Doyle "Horror of the Heights".

Hypotheses of the emergence of UFOs in parallel worlds

There are hypotheses according to which contacts with UFOs are linked with ideas about the existence of so-called parallel worlds. These hypotheses are trying to explain the observed ability of unidentified flying objects to disappear or appear, as well as the ability of creatures whose appearance is associated with UFOs (enlonauts) to pass through walls, walk along walls in a horizontal position. Book authors Life Beyond Planet Earth? Janet and Colin Bord (eng. Bord) believe that the enlonauts, calling themselves aliens and warning about possible man-made disasters on Earth, want to prevent disasters in their world and prevent humanity from learning about their existence.

The founder of the hypothesis is Mid Lane, who in the book "The Ethereal Ship and Its Explanation" wrote that UFOs are from some ether- matter that fills the interplanetary space, that they consist of "jelly-like" matter that can change shape and size. According to him, UFOs are piloted ethereals- imperceptible beings from another world, living on a different than people, "vibration frequency"(an analogy is given: fan blades also become visible only when the "vibration frequency" is lowered).

Hypotheses about travel UFO in time

According to this hypothesis, UFOs are time machines, controlled by people of the future (according to the forecasts of some scientists, a person in the future will evolve into a squat creature with a huge head and small jaws - a creature noted when UFOs appear) or the past (hypothetical ancient civilizations, like the Atlanteans, able to travel in time). This hypothesis can explain the behavior of UFOs, which, if desired, can be interpreted as a fear of making contact with people, cases of sudden appearance and disappearance of objects in front of eyewitnesses.

From the book of V. A. Chernobrov "Encyclopedia of Ufology":

Supernatural hypotheses of the origin of UFOs

These hypotheses have been in demand throughout the history of mankind, but in the 20th century they were much less popular than, for example, versions of the extraterrestrial origin of UFOs; true since the 1970s. there is some flowering.

Tengu

In 1828, the book Kokon Yomiko was published. "Studies in Magical Creatures, Ancient and Modern", which told about a Japanese boy, Torakiti, who claimed to have seen a tengu - a long-haired mountain spirit. The doctor Hirata Atsutane allegedly heard about this story in 1820 and found Torakiti, who told him that at the age of seven, in 1812, he met a long-haired "man" with a vessel. The man climbed into this vessel, which then rose into the air and flew away. The next day, Torakiti met again with this "man", who invited him to fly together in this vessel. When he agreed, they were transported in it to the top of the mountain, where, according to Torakiti, tengu often gather.