What is a "message"? How to spell correctly given word. Concept and interpretation.
Message MESSAGE. - writing in verse. Horace also gave samples of such messages, which he had either a very private character, or touching on topics general meaning . Especially famous is his letter De arte po?tica (on the art of poetry). Ovid wrote letters to his wife, daughter, friends, Augustus, from his place of exile near the Black Sea ("Ex Ponto" also "Tristia"). In modern times, messages were especially common in France. The first to draw attention here to this kind of poem was Marot. His playful and gallant messages from prison to his friend and to the king are known. Behind him stood out a number of writers of epistles (Scarron and others), but especially Boileau (at the end of the 17th century), who gave twelve epistles, written under the strong influence of Horace. In the 18th century, the epistles of Voltaire became famous, distinguished by the brilliance of grace and wit. He wrote them to Frederick II, Catherine the Great, to his friends and enemies, even to things (to the ship) and the dead (to Boileau, to Horace). The messages of J. B. Rousseau, M. J. Chenier, Lebrun and others were also known. In the 19th century, messages were written by P. Delavigne, Lamartine, Hugo, and others. In England, the four messages of Pope (beginning of the 18th century) are famous, which make up his "Experience on a Man", and the correspondence of Abelard and Eloise processed by him in verse. In Germany, messages were written by Wieland, Schiller, Goethe, Rückert and many others. etc. In Italy, the messages of Chiabrera, who introduced this form into poetry, and Frugoni (18th century) are known. In Russian literature of the 18th century, epistles were also in use, as imitations of French ones. They were written by Kantemir, Tredyakovsky, Petrov, Knyazhnin, Kostrov, Sumarokov, Lomonosov (the famous letter in verse to Shuvalov: “On the Benefits of Glass”), Kapnist, Fonvizin (“To My Servants”), Derzhavin and many others. etc. In the first half of the 19th century, messages were also distributed. "My penates" (1812) by Batyushkov (to Zhukovsky and Vyazemsky) evoked Zhukovsky's answer: "To Batyushkov", and then (in 1814) Pushkin's imitation of "Gorodok". Batyushkov's messages are also remarkable: "To D-vu", "To N.", "To Zhukovsky". Of the messages of Zhukovsky, the most remarkable: to Philalet, to him: A. I. Turgenev, Maria Fedorovna (“report on the moon” - two messages), Vyazemsky, Voeikov, Perovsky, Obolenskaya, Samoilova, etc. In many of these messages, Zhukovsky rises to the pinnacle of your creativity. Pushkin's numerous letters are famous: to Zhukovsky, Chaadaev, Yazykov, Yusupov (to the Grandee), Kozlov, "To Siberia" Decembrists, a number of love letters; also - "To Ovid". Lermontov has messages: Khomutova, "Valerik", etc. Kozlov has some of the best poems: messages to Zhukovsky, Khomutova ("To a friend of my spring ...") and some. etc. Further messages were written by Baratynsky, Tyutchev (mainly from the department of political poems), A. Tolstoy (to I. Aksakov and a number of humorous ones), Maikov, Fet, Polonsky, Nekrasov, Nadson. After the Pushkin era, epistles cease to be a favorite form of poetry, and now, if occasionally found, then as imitations of the style of that era (Vyach. Ivanov and some others). Joseph Eiges.
Message- (literary) (epitre, Epistel) - a literary form that has almost gone out of use: writing in verse .... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Message- epistole (Greek epistole) literary genre - poetic writing. In European poetry... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Message- MESSAGE, messages, cf. (book). 1. A written appeal to someone, a letter. A message full of poison. A ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Message- cf. 1. Written appeal, letter to smb. (usually wide). // Official appeal of the state ... Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova
Message- A MESSAGE, a poetic or journalistic work in the form of a letter to a real or fictitious person ... Modern Encyclopedia
Message- MESSAGE - a poetic or journalistic work in the form of a letter to a real or fictitious person ...
MESSAGE
Poetic genre: poetic writing, a work written in the form of an appeal to smb. and containing appeals, requests, wishes, etc. ("To Chaadaev", "Message to the Censor" by A.S. Pushkin; "Message to the Proletarian Poets" by V.V. Mayakovsky). There are lyrical, friendly, satirical, journalistic, etc. Items.
Dictionary of literary terms. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is MESSAGE in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- MESSAGE
PRESIDENT TO PARLIAMENT - one of the most important forms of interaction between the head of state and the nationwide representative body. It is usually an annual… - MESSAGE in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
BUDGET - see BUDGET MESSAGE... - MESSAGE. in the Literary Encyclopedia:
1. A poetic letter or appeal of a philosophical-theoretical, didactic-journalistic, 172 love or friendly nature is a popular literary genre in ancient and European ... - MESSAGE in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- MESSAGE in big Soviet encyclopedia, TSB:
epistole (Greek epistole) literary genre - poetic writing. In European poetry, it first appears in Horace (1st century BC), ... - MESSAGE in encyclopedic dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron.
- MESSAGE in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- MESSAGE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
poetic or journalistic work in the form of a letter to a real or fictitious person. The poetic message, as a genre, existed from antiquity ("Science ... - MESSAGE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, -i, cf. 1. Written request from a statesman (or public organization) to another statesman(or to a public organization) for ... - MESSAGE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MESSAGE, poetic. or publicist. prod. in the form of a letter to a real or fictitious person. Poems. P. as a genre existed from antiquity ... - MESSAGE in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron.
- MESSAGE in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
message, messages, messages, messages, messages, messages, messages, messages, messages, messages, messages, messages, ... - MESSAGE in the Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary:
Syn: ... - MESSAGE in the Russian Thesaurus:
Syn: ... - MESSAGE in the Dictionary of synonyms of Abramov:
cm. … - MESSAGE in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language:
Syn: ... - MESSAGE in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
cf. 1) a) Written appeal, letter to smb. (usually wide). b) Official address of the state or public figure to other official... - MESSAGE in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Lopatin:
message, ... - MESSAGE full spelling dictionary Russian language:
message,... - MESSAGE in the Spelling Dictionary:
message, ... - MESSAGE in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov:
obsolete and iron. in general - a letter, a written appeal A love letter is a poetic or journalistic work in the form of an appeal to someone ... - MESSAGE in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
poetic or journalistic work in the form of a letter to a real or fictitious person. Poetic messages as a genre have existed since antiquity (Horace, ... - MESSAGE in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
messages, cf. (book). 1. A written appeal to someone, a letter. A message full of poison. A.K. Tolstoy. I received your message. Lermontov. Love…
Genre message in the lyrics of Russian poets. The authors of the project: Daria Shadrina and Yana Kachurova, students of the 6th grade. Teacher: Voroshnina Elena Anatolyevna. January 2016
Introduction.
In literature lessons, we studied the genre of the message.
We were interested in this topic, and we decided to learn more about it.
Introduction.
*Learn what a message is in fiction.
*Find out which of the Russian poets used this genre in their works.
*Analyze if the genre of the message is used in contemporary literature.
Goals and objectives.
Genre message
* MESSAGE (from the Greek Epistole) - a literary genre in poetry and journalism;
a poetic work written in the form of a letter or appeal to a person(s).
* MESSAGE is a text in the form of a letter or a poem, aimed at praising or explaining something.
From the history of the genre
Originated in ancient poetry Horace. Quintus Horace Flaccus is an ancient Roman poet of the "Golden Age" of Roman literature.
Even Horace gave examples of such messages, which he had either a very private character, or touching on topics of general importance. Especially famous is his letter on the art of poetry.
"Message" by Horace Flaccus
“Not creating it myself, I’ll show you what the poet’s gift is, what the poet’s duty is, What gives him the means, forms him and nourishes him, What’s good, what’s not, where is the right path, where is the wrong one”
2) In modern times, the messages were especially common in France. The first to draw attention here to this kind of poem was Marot.
His playful and gallant messages from prison to his friend and to the king are known.
3) In the era romanticism a message from a letter to a specific person turns into a letter to a generalized addressee (for example, “Message to the Censor” by A.S. Pushkin).
After the Pushkin era, epistles cease to be a favorite form of poetry, and now, if occasionally found, then as imitations of the style of that era.
In further development, the epistles lose in essence any difference from ordinary lyric poems.
"Story about myself"
In the spring of my crazy youth
I looked like a swallow
Flew from place to place:
Youth fearlessly and carelessly pushed me to where my heart was drawing me.
"To the album to Pushchin"
Glancing sometime at this secret sheet, Written once by me, Fly away for a while to the lyceum corner of the almighty, sweet dream. Do you remember the quick minutes of the first days, Peaceful captivity, six years of union ...
Message in the Pushkin era:
A) Messages from A.S. Pushkin
B) Messages of V.A. Zhukovsky
C) Messages of K.N. Batyushkov.
A.S. Pushkin
The most favorite genre of the early lyceum period of A.S. Pushkin - a friendly message. Pushkin's message is not only a free genre, but also the most lyrical: it is full of sincere confessions - confessions of the soul. One of the examples of such confessions can be considered the message "To Chaadaev". The poet dedicated three letters to Chaadaev, the quatrain "To the portrait of Chaadaev" and more than a dozen letters.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837) - Russian poet, playwright and prose writer.
An excerpt from the message "To Chaadaev":
Love, hope, quiet glory
The deceit did not live long for us,
Gone are the funs of youth
Like a dream, like a morning mist;
But desire still burns in us,
Under the yoke of fatal power
With an impatient soul
Fatherland heed the invocation.
We wait with longing hope
Minutes of liberty of the saint ...
V.A. Zhukovsky
MESSAGE TO PLESHCHEEV
On the day of bright Sunday
You are right, my dear poet!
Your message in Russian Helikon,
Under the Russian frozen Apollo,
Only by my name will immortality find!
But, ah! I don’t take credit for that!
Why? Read. Both prose and poetry
I will be for sins
Dirty, dirty, dirty and dirty a lot,
Six volumes, for example (and they, if you please know
The title and even the table of contents are ready)
Then I'll get tired of dirtying ...
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky (1783-1852) - Russian poet, one of the founders of romanticism in Russian poetry, translator, critic.
K.N. Batyushkov.
O you who are among the dinners,
In the midst of joy and fun
Save a short temper for friendship,
For deeds - the character of an honest grandfather!
O you who are at court,
In a dream of success or happiness,
I knew how to find in one good
Souls of direct voluptuousness! ...
Konstantin Nikolayevich Batyushkov (1787-1855) - Russian poet.
Message "To Turgenev".
Genre message in the literature of the twentieth century
In modern literature, there are 6 signs of a message.
First, there are messages, where the content of the letter becomes a conversation about the letter itself. So, for example, the poem by Pavel Vasilyev “So that postmen do not look for a long time ...”
Secondly, messages to a generalized addressee (in the 20th century their number increases sharply; this is due to the fact that Soviet poetry strives for greater enlightenment).
Fourth, the sender varies. The specificity of the sender is revealed in the role-playing lyrics, where the author of the message hides under the mask of a hero. In the 1940s, role-playing messages became more frequent, such as, for example, “Letter on the Radio” by M.V. Isakovsky
Thirdly, along with friendly messages, a considerable number of satirical messages appear. Let's say such a variety as an open satirical letter (K. Simonova "Open Letter" 1943):
Fifth, contact varies. The "body of the letter" in the twentieth century is increasingly recognized as a convention. There are many messages “for death”, but, unlike poems dedicated to the memory of the addressee, they contain a dialogue with the deceased as with the living. An example of such a message is the poem by A. Akhmatova “In Memory of V.S. Sreznevskaya”, the title of which does not make it possible to distinguish between a message and a poem on the occasion of death, but already the first line demonstrates the continuation of the dialogue with the addressee as with a living person.
Sixth, the context varies. In the twentieth century, messages appear in which the text, devoid of external signs genre, is perceived precisely as a message because of the readers' knowledge of the situation behind the text. Sometimes the addressee of a poem is "read" through the knowledge of certain cultural facts, an indication of which is given in the text or in the heading complex. So, for example, D. Poor's poem "To the Beloved" at first glance is devoid of a specific indication of the addressee, his name is neither in the title nor in the text.
Genre message in the literature of the 21st century.
In the "friendship" of literature and the "message" genre, practically nothing has changed in the 21st century.
People also write friendly and lyrical messages, but the genre has become less used.
Examples of modern messages:
P. Berezkin
Hallo, my dear hallo
I know many meanings of words. I don't know where you are and with whom. “Hallo, my dear, hallo,” remained in the language. Look: in order for this letter to reach you, I pasted two stamps. Hallo, my dear, hallo. Hello meine Liebe, hello. I ended up in a place where my words are white noise. I see other people's faces, but I don't write letters to them. Instead of a blue card, I squeeze a token in a handful. I'm sorry I didn't go with you. I'm sorry, dear, I'm sorry. Since then, human warmth has been a loaded gun. Hallo, my dear, hallo. Hello meine Liebe, hello. I'm flying Berlin-Petersburg-Berlin, you won't grab the wing. I am here, my dear, alone. Hallo, dear, hallo. It turned out to be not so light here, it was all over the edge, and in order to see the light - “Hallo, my dear, hallo. Hello meine Liebe, hello.
A.Nevzlyubsky
Ninka, Ninka
Ninka, Ninka,
You are going to get married, but it's so wild for me,
Well, what attracted you to your general,
After all, he is older than he took you.
And you put trinkets on your fingers,
And you laugh, girlfriends envy
And in a white coat you walk around the yard,
Well, like a snow maiden, I'll take it and steal it.
And I'm so stifled to live your deceit
You used to be stupid, but now even more so,
Well, who will hear you there in the distance,
With an old husband, no money aground.
Questioning among students of school No. 79
- 90% of students in our school chose the answer a)
- 88% of students know poets who wrote in this genre
- 50% of students do not consider the message relevant in our time
- 46% of students consider the genre relevant.
Thus, the messages of the twentieth century demonstrate a variation of the features of the classical model of the genre. Apparently, the variability of titles is connected with this: “ Message friends", " Letter beloved Molchanov, abandoned by him”, “ Answer poet", " Talk with Mother". The message, preserving the genre dominant and varying its features, reveals a change in the status of communication in the culture of the 20th century: a catastrophic lack of communication causes dialogue in its marginal versions - with dead, conditional or fictitious addressees.
2) The genre of the message in our modern literature has not died out, but it has become much less common.
Thank you for your attention!!!
MESSAGE MESSAGE, poetic or journalistic work in the form of a letter to a real or fictitious person. The poetic message, as a genre, existed from antiquity ("The Science of Poetry" by Horace) until the middle of the 19th century. ("Message to the Censor" by A.S. Pushkin); later only a few poems. A prosaic message of didactic content - characteristic genre Medieval Literature (Epistle of the Church Fathers).
Modern Encyclopedia. 2000 .
Synonyms:See what "MESSAGE" is in other dictionaries:
1. A poetic letter or appeal of a philosophical, theoretical, didactic, journalistic, love or friendly nature is a popular literary genre in ancient and European literature until about the 30s. 19th century Its initiator ... ... Literary Encyclopedia
MESSAGE, epistles, cf. (book). 1. A written appeal to someone, a letter. "Message full of poison." A.K. Tolstoy. "I received your message." Lermontov. Love message. 2. Literary work in the form of an author's appeal to someone ... Dictionary Ushakov
Cm … Synonym dictionary
Message- MESSAGE, a poetic or journalistic work in the form of a letter to a real or fictitious person. The poetic message, as a genre, existed from antiquity (“The Science of Poetry” by Horace) until the middle of the 19th century. (“Message to the Censor” by A.S. Pushkin); ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
In church literature, a written appeal by an authoritative theologian to a certain group of people or to all of humanity, clarifying certain religious issues. In Christianity, the epistles of the apostles form a significant part of the New ... Wikipedia
A poetic or journalistic work in the form of a letter to a real or fictitious person. Poetic messages as a genre existed from antiquity (Horace, Science of Poetry) to the middle. 19th century (A. S. Pushkin); later single poems (V. V. ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
MESSAGE, I, cf. 1. Written appeal of a statesman (or public organization) to another statesman (or to a public organization) on any n. important public and political issue. P. President ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
- (epitre, Epistel) literary form, almost out of use: writing in verse. Back in the first half of the 19th century. P. was a very common genre. Its content is very diverse from philosophical reflections to satirical paintings and ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
Message- MESSAGE. writing in verse. Even Horace gave examples of such messages, which he had either a very private character, or touching on topics of general importance. Especially famous is his letter De arte poëtica (on the art of poetry). Ovid wrote epistles to... Dictionary of literary terms
Message- ■ Nobler than writing... Lexicon of Common Truths
Books
- Message, Hunt A. God gives every person a chance to receive forgiveness, but not everyone is ready to accept it. How the heroes of the "Message" use their chance, you will find out by reading a deep, dramatic story that ...
The message is one of the genres of the lyric poem. It traces its history back to the poets Ancient Greece and Rome. In Russian literature, the genre of the message is very widely represented. They were written by G. Derzhavin. V. Zhukovsky, V. Odoevsky, A. Pushkin.
The genre is divided into "friendly" and "high message".
Distinctive features of the message is its targeting - connection with certain historical or biographical events. Sometimes the message also has a specific addressee to whom the author addresses.
In form, the message is a monologue, consisting of an appeal, the main part and a final appeal. The poet addresses his friends, like-minded people with calls for a joint struggle. Therefore, the voice of the poet sounds directly in the message, not hiding behind the image of a lyrical hero.
The Russian classicist epistle is formed at the intersection of the Russian tradition proper (the apostolic letter, the Old Russian journalistic epistle of both spiritual and secular nature) and the European tradition. The latter penetrated into Russia in three ways: through the Greek and Roman epistolary texts proper, which gained popularity in Russia in the 17th-18th centuries; through the European poetic epistle, which arose in imitation of the ancients and was marked by features of European classicism; finally, through Polish treatises on art and the verse itself, where the specificity of the European epistles was supplemented by "Slavic coloring" and some features of the Baroque. Common to all sources was the presence of the addressee and the originality of the dialogue: conversation-argument [Pronin V.A. Theory of literary genres - M.: Prospekt 2009 P.90].
The Russian classicist epistle is formed at the intersection of the Russian tradition proper (the apostolic letter, the Old Russian journalistic epistle of both spiritual and secular nature) and the European tradition. The latter penetrated into Russia in three ways: through the Greek and Roman epistolary texts proper, which gained popularity in Russia in the 17th-18th centuries; through the European poetic epistle, which arose in imitation of the ancients and was marked by features of European classicism; finally, through Polish treatises on art and the verse itself, where the specificity of the European epistles was supplemented by "Slavic coloring" and some features of the Baroque. Common to all sources was the presence of the addressee and the originality of the dialogue: a conversation-argument or a conversation [Gukovsky G. A. Pushkin and Russian romantics - M .: Inter-book 1995]
In the nineteenth century, the novel in letters began to wane. Pushkin's idea of an epistolary novel about litigation over Maria Schoning and Anna Garlin remained unfulfilled, only the beginning of the correspondence of the heroines was preserved. However, epistolary fragments are included in the context of the novels of Balzac, Stendhal, Musset, Dickens. Usually in letters we are talking about turning events in the plot, let us recall Tatyana's letter to Onegin and Onegin to Tatyana, Herman's letters to Lisa in The Queen of Spades, Alexei's correspondence with Akulina in The Young Lady-Peasant Woman.
In ancient times, a letter an important event in the spiritual life of the one who wrote it and who will receive it. The letter, ideally, had the sincerity of confession, and at the same time, the message is characterized by detachment, because communication between the author and the addressee does not coincide in time and space.
However, in the history of Russian literature there is a strange phenomenon - "Correspondence from two corners." The preface from the publishing house "Alkonost" says: "These letters, twelve in number, were written in the summer of 1920, when both friends lived together in one room in a health resort for workers of science and literature in Moscow" [Zinina E.A. Lyric genres: Lyric poem. Oh yeah. Romance song. Message. Elegy.-M.: Bustard 2009].
The message could be love, friendly and satirical, but the genre specificity of the message is in an implied dialogic form with a real or imaginary interlocutor ("A conversation between a bookseller and a poet" by Pushkin, "A conversation with a financial inspector about poetry" by Mayakovsky, "A conversation with a Komsomol member N. Dementyev" by Bagritsky ).
These examples make us turn to the genesis of the poetic message. There are two sources of the genre: Christian and pagan - antique. The New Testament includes 21 letters, of which the most authoritative are the letters of the Apostle Paul. The authors of other letters are unknown or supposed authors. From the letters of the Apostle Paul to the Romans and Corinthians, a tradition arose of searching for truth and justice, piety and love for one's neighbor in the epistles.
On the other hand, Quintus Horace Flaccus marked the end of his creative way the creation of two books of "Messages" in hexameters (in 20 and between 19 and 14 BC). The first book includes twenty messages of philosophical and satirical sound. The second book consists of three epistles "To Augustus", "To Florus" and "To Pisons". In the letter "To Augustus", expressing the desire to receive a letter from the most famous poet, who, as he understood, would immortalize his name, it is about archaic and modern poetry. In the second letter to the young poet Flor, Horace reflects on the transience of time and the role of the poet in preserving the memory of the past. But the message to the noble brothers Pison is especially significant. It entered the history of literature under the name "The Art of Poetry" ("Ars poetica"). In it, Horace formulated the goals and principles of lyric poetry, it served as a model for many subsequent aesthetic manifestos. One of the most frequently discussed questions in friendly messages is about the purpose and purpose of art. In the epistle "To the Pisons" Horace examined the entire history of ancient poetry from Homer to the present.
Already from the messages of Horace it is clear that, despite the indications to whom they are addressed, in essence these letters are without an address, since they are addressed to any interested reader and can become known to him. In the letters of Horace, and after him, other poets, not private issues are discussed, but universal problems. The genre of the message in the lyrics is unique in its own way, because it visibly represents the individual and the universal. It is no coincidence that poems called "To the Reader" or "To the Poet" are common in the lyrics, and sometimes in plural. The author of the lyrical message in these verses addresses everyone at once, sometimes anticipating the subsequent text [Artyomova Syu. On the features of the genre of the lyrical message ("Odyssey to Telemaku" by I. Brodsky) // Actual problems of philology at the university and school. Tver, 2002. S. 129-130].
The late Roman poet Ausonius (4th century) wrote a cycle of poems "Home Poems" - about his ancestors and grandchildren. However, the intimacy of the topic is apparent. Most of the poems are written in the genre of epistles. The cycle opens with a lengthy address "To the Reader", in which Ausonius speaks of his genealogy. And in the end it says:
Here I am, Ausonius, what; don't be arrogant
Good reader, taking these writings for work.
The poetic message of the 18th century has two modifications: a "high" civic message and a friendly message. Both modifications originate in classicism. But if the peak of the popularity of the civil message falls on late 18th century, then the friendly develops and becomes popular by the 20s of the XIX century, it was then that its genre specificity was formed, and the poems of Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Delvig, Batyushkov, Vyazemsky and many others can be considered classic examples of a friendly message. The lofty and friendly messages are two varieties of the same genre model.
In the 19th century, the role of the author and the "author's world" increased. Therefore, variations in the genre of the epistle correlate not only with the tradition of the canonical genre, but also with the author's attitude. In this case, it becomes possible to trace how one or another variation of the genre becomes "traditional" for a certain period and for a certain circle of writers.
lyrical message genre literature
