Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich personal life. Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich. Public organization awards

Full member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

Sergey Krikalev was born on August 27, 1958 in St. Petersburg. In 1975 he graduated from ten classes high school No. 77. Since 1977, he was engaged in airplane sports at the local flying club. Four years later he graduated with honors from the Baltic State Technical University in the specialty "Design and production of aircraft".

From September 14, 1981, Krikalev worked as an engineer in the 111th department of the Main Design Bureau of the Energy Research and Production Association. He was engaged in the development of instructions for astronauts. A year later he became an engineer, and from June 1, 1985, a senior engineer of the 191st department of the Main Design Bureau of NPO Energia.

On September 2, 1985, by decision of the state interdepartmental commission, Krikalev was selected for the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. During the following year, he underwent general space training. At the end of November 1986, he was qualified as a test cosmonaut. Further, for two years he was trained under the Buran program.

On March 22, 1988, Sergey Krikalev replaced Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988, he was trained as a flight engineer for the prime crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the Aragats program at the Mir orbital complex, together with Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien. He also underwent training as the first tester of the cosmonaut's vehicle and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.

Krikalev made his first space flight from November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and the Mir orbital complex under the program of the fourth main expedition and the Soviet-French program Aragats. Launched together with the spacecraft commander Volkov and cosmonaut researcher Jean-Loup Chretien, a citizen of the French Republic. Having completed the flight program, the station was prepared for operation in unmanned mode and landed on April 27, 1989. Duration space flight was 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 27, 1989, for the successful implementation of space flight on the Mir orbital research complex and for the courage and heroism shown, Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

In 1990, Krikalev was preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-term expedition to the Mir station. In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 launched on May 18, 1991 with commander Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev, and British female cosmonaut Helen Sharman. A week later, Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. Over the summer, six spacewalks were carried out, while numerous scientific experiments were carried out, as well as maintenance work on the station.

According to the plan, Krikalev's return was supposed to take place in five months, but in July 1991 Krikalev agreed to remain at the Mir station as a flight engineer with another crew due to arrive in October. This flight is interesting because the cosmonauts flew away from the USSR, and returned to Russia: during their flight, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. The flight duration was 311 days 20 h 00 min 34 s.

Decree of the President Russian Federation No. 387 of April 11, 1992 for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on orbital station"Mir", the USSR pilot-cosmonaut Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation with the award of the special distinction of the Gold Star medal No. 1.

In October 1992, NASA officials announced that a Russian cosmonaut with space flight experience would fly on an American space shuttle. Krikalev was one of two candidates, the other being Vladimir Titov, sent by the Russian Space Agency to train with the STS-60 crew. In April 1993, Krikalev was announced as the main candidate.

Krikalev made his third space flight from February 3 to February 11, 1994 as a specialist in the crew aboard the STS-60 Discovery reusable transport spacecraft. This was the first U.S.-Russian joint space shuttle flight in the history of manned space exploration. The flight duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds.

Krikalev made his fourth space flight from December 4 to 16, 1998 as part of the STS-88 mission as a flight-4 specialist. Together with the shuttle commander Robert Kabana, Sergey Krikalev opened the hatch to the International Space Station for the first time. The flight duration was 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes 47 seconds.

Krikalev made his fifth space flight from October 31, 2000 to March 21, 2001 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft and the ISS under the program of the first main expedition of the ISS. He landed on the Discovery shuttle STS-102 as a flight specialist. The flight duration was 140 days 23 hours 40 minutes 19 seconds.

In his sixth space flight, Krikalev led the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station, launching into space on April 15, 2005 on the Soyuz TM6 spacecraft with crew members: NASA astronaut John Phillips and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori. During the flight, Krikalev made one spacewalk: on August 18, 2005, lasting 4 hours and 57 minutes. On October 11, 2005, together with NASA astronaut John Phillips and space tourist, US citizen Gregory Olsen, he returned to Earth on the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft. The flight duration was 179 days 0 hours 22 minutes 35 seconds.

Sergey Krikalev is the record holder for the total stay in space. For six flights, it amounted to 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds. Performed eight spacewalks, the total duration of work in open space was 41 hours and 26 minutes.

At the end of March 2009, Krikalev was relieved of his post as "test cosmonaut instructor" first class. By order of the head of Roscosmos dated March 27, 2009, he was appointed head of the federal state budget institution Yuri Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center. At the end of March 2014, he left this position.

Since March 2014, Krikalev has been appointed First Deputy General Director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering for manned space programs, as well as Executive Director of the State Corporation Roscosmos for manned space programs. Since April 2014, the representative of the city of Sevastopol in Moscow and St. Petersburg. From August 2014, he took the position of First Deputy General Director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering.

At a meeting of the Board of Directors of PJSC Rocket and Space Complex Energia on January 24, 2019, it was decided to appoint Sergey Konstantinovich Krikalev as Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of PJSC Rocket and Space Complex Energia.

Sergei Konstantinovich, in addition to space, also has sports achievements. For a long time he was engaged in aircraft sports. He played at the USSR Championship for the team of the Central Aeroclub and was a candidate for the USSR national team in aircraft sports. In this sport, he became the champion of the USSR, the champion of Europe and the world champion in the team event.

At the First World Air Games in Turkey, he was a member of the Russian national team in aerobatics on gliders. He took first place in the team competition, and also became the silver medalist in the individual competition. At the Second World Air Games in Spain, he was the head coach of the Russian team. Krikalev was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the Russian Federation.

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe November 7, 2019 awarded Sergei Krikalev one of the most high awards countries: the Order of the Rising Sun on the neck ribbon with a star. The award ceremony took place at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo.

Sergey Krikalev's awards

Hero of the Russian Federation (April 11, 1992) - for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the Mir orbital station (Gold Star medal No. 1).

Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV degree (April 5, 2002) - for courage and high professionalism shown during a long-term space flight on the International Space Station.

Order of Honor (April 15, 1998) - for successful participation and achievement of high sports results in the First World Air Games.

Order of Friendship of Peoples (March 25, 1992) - for the successful implementation of a space flight on the Mir orbital station and the courage and heroism shown in this.

Order of Lenin (1989).

Order of the Rising Sun II degree (7.11.2019).

Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (April 12, 2011) - for great merits in the field of research, development and use outer space, many years of conscientious work, active social activity.

Medal "In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg" (2005).

Honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" (1989).

Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (France, 1989).

Three NASA Space Flight Medals (1996, 1998, 2001).

NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (2003)

Honorary citizen of St. Petersburg (2007).

Honored Master of Sports of Russia.

Lifetime Honorary Member of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain.

Laureate of the national award "Golden Eye of Russia".

Laureate of the national award "Russian of the Year" (2011).

Merit recognition

Bust on the Alley of Heroes of the Moscow Victory Park (St. Petersburg)

In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 was launched on May 19, 1991 with commander Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev and British astronaut Helen Sharman. A week later, Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. During the summer, they carried out six spacewalks, while conducting numerous scientific experiments, as well as maintenance work on the station.

Before his second flight in May 1991, Sergei Krikalev could not have imagined that the events on Earth would make him a "cosmic long-liver." On May 19, 1991, as part of the Soyuz TM-12 crew, he launched to the Mir orbital station. The crew of the space expedition successfully completed all flight tasks and was about to return home. But the events of August 1991 made a correction. The collapse of the Soviet Union brought with it a chain of changes that were devastating for our country. The budgets of space programs have been significantly reduced, while obligations to other countries have remained. According to the program of international cooperation, cosmonauts from Austria and Kazakhstan were supposed to go into space. It was planned that they would be in different crews. But at that moment there was no money for the creation of two spacecraft. It was decided to combine the flights, and one spacecraft went into orbit, in which everyone did not get a place to return to Earth.

Krikalev had to stay at the Mir orbital station until the next spacecraft arrived. Instead of the planned 5 months of work in space, he had to work in space orbit for almost another half a year (about a year in total). In general, our famous cosmonaut remained in space, because the rapidly disintegrating country could not provide the new Robinson with the opportunity to return. Krikalev started from the USSR, and returned in March 1992 to another country - Russia. For this flight Hero of the Soviet Union S.K. Krikalev was the first cosmonaut to receive the title of Hero of Russia with the Gold Star No. 1 medal.

In October 1992, NASA officials announced that a Russian cosmonaut with space flight experience would fly on an American space shuttle. Krikalev was one of two candidates sent by the Russian Space Agency to train with the STS-60 crew. Krikalev participated in the STS-60 flight, the first joint US-Russian flight on a space shuttle (Discovery shuttle). The STS-60 flight, which began on February 3, 1994, was the second with the Spacehab (Space Habitation Module) and the first flight with the WSF (Wake Shield Facility) device.

Having made 130 orbits and flying 5,486,215 kilometers, on February 11, 1994, the Discovery spacecraft landed at the Kennedy Space Center (Florida). Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut to fly on an American shuttle.

Sergey Krikalev works on the ISS, May 2005

During the flight with the American spaceship there was an emergency - the life support electronics and the air duct failed. Despite the objections of the American side and the proposal to wait for a backup ship from Earth, our cosmonaut managed to restore and restart the shuttle instruments. This caused delight and extreme surprise on both the American and Russian sides.

After the STS-60 flight, Krikalev returned to his work in Russia. He was periodically sent on missions to the Lyndon Johnson Space Center in Houston to work in Mission Control with the Search and Rescue Service during joint US-Russian flights. In particular, he participated in ground support for STS-63, STS-71, STS-74, STS-76 flights.

Krikalev was appointed to the first crew of the International Space Station and was the first in December 1998 to be on a short-term mission to the ISS on the shuttle Endeavor.

Krikalev is known and admired all over the world (in some countries there are entire museum stands dedicated to our cosmonaut). In 1998, the American director Michael Bay made the film "Armageddon", where the Russian cosmonaut Colonel Lev Andropov was shown in a caricature form, living alone on the space station (insane, unshaven, drunk, in a hat with earflaps and a quilted jacket, hitting instruments, opens the fuel supply valve with a crowbar, blows up the Mir space station) - however, in the end, it is he who, by his actions, saves all American astronauts by hitting the computer of the "non-starting" shuttle with a wrench. It is not at all necessary that Krikalev was taken as the basis of the character, of course, but there are too many coincidences.

Today Sergey Krikalev works as the first deputy general director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering" for manned programs and is the most famous cosmonaut in the world, after Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.

In 1981 he graduated from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute with a degree in mechanical engineering.

From February 2007 - Vice-President of RSC Energia for manned flights (while maintaining flight status in the cosmonaut corps).

Development engineer

After graduating from the institute, he worked at NPO Energia. He tested equipment used in space flights, developed methods of work in space and participated in the work of the ground control service. In 1985, when malfunctions arose at the Salyut-7 station, he worked in the recovery group, developing methods for docking with an unmanaged station and repairing its on-board systems.

Krikalev was selected to prepare for space flights in 1985, the following year he completed the basic training course and was temporarily sent to the group under the Buran reusable spacecraft program.

In early 1988, he began preparations for his first long-term flight at the Mir station. The training included preparations for spacewalks, dockings with new modules, the first tests of the cosmonaut's vehicle, and work on the second Soviet-French scientific expedition.

space flights

Soyuz TM-7 was launched on November 26, 1988, the crew consisted of commander Alexander Volkov, flight engineer Krikalev and French astronaut Jean-Loup Chretien. The previous crew remained at the Mir station for another twenty-six days, thus establishing the longest stay at the station for a crew of six. After the previous crew returned to Earth, Krikalev, Polyakov, and Volkov continued to perform experiments aboard the station. Due to the fact that the arrival of the next crew was delayed, they prepared the station for an unmanned flight and returned to Earth on April 27, 1989. For this flight, Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Best of the day

In 1990, Krikalev was preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-term expedition to the Mir station.

In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 was launched on May 19, 1991 with commander Anatoly Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev and British astronaut Helen Sharman. A week later, Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. During the summer, they carried out six spacewalks, while conducting numerous scientific experiments, as well as maintenance work on the station.

According to the plan, Krikalev's return was supposed to take place in five months, but in July 1991 Krikalev agreed to remain at the Mir station as a flight engineer with the next crew (which was due to arrive in October), since the next two flights were merged into one. On October 2, 1991, the flight engineer position on the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft was taken by Toktar Aubakirov, a cosmonaut from Kazakhstan who had not been trained for long flight. He and Franz Viebeck, the first astronaut of Austria, together with Artsebarsky returned to Earth on October 10, while commander Alexander Volkov remained with Krikalev. After a crew change in October, Volkov and Krikalev continued experiments on Mir, made another spacewalk and returned to Earth on March 25, 1992. During the flight, the country changed its name - astronauts flew away from the USSR, and returned to Russia. For this flight, Krikalev was awarded the Star of Hero of Russia No. 1.

During the first two flights, Krikalev spent more than a year and three months in space and made seven spacewalks.

Krikalev participated in the STS-60 flight, the first joint US-Russian flight on a reusable ship (shuttle). Flight STS-60, which began on February 3, 1994, was the second flight with the Spacehab (Space Habitation Module) and the first flight with the WSF (Wake Shield Facility) device. Within eight days, the crew of the Discovery spacecraft performed many different scientific experiments in the field of materials science, both in the WSF device and in the Spacehab module, biological experiments and observations of the Earth's surface. Krikalev performed a significant part of the work with a remote manipulator. After completing 130 orbits and flying 5,486,215 kilometers, on February 11, 1994, the Discovery spacecraft landed at the Kennedy Space Center (Florida). Thus, Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut to fly on an American shuttle.

After the STS-60 flight, Krikalev returned to his work in Russia. He was periodically sent on missions to the Johnson Space Center in Houston to work in Mission Control with the Search and Rescue Service during joint US-Russian flights. In particular, he participated in ground support for STS-63, STS-71, STS-74, STS-76 flights.

Krikalev was assigned to the first crew of the International Space Station and was the first in December 1998 to be on a short-term mission to the ISS on the shuttle Endeavor.

In October 2000, as part of the first crew of the long-term expedition, Sergei Krikalev, together with Yuri Gidzenko and William Shepherd, began permanent manned flights to the ISS.

October 11, 2005 Sergei Krikalev completed his sixth flight, returning to Earth from the ISS in the descent module of the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft after half a year in orbit.

Hobbies

Aerobatics, swimming, scuba diving, skiing, windsurfing, tennis, amateur radio (X75M1K). Candidate for master of sports in all-around. Master of Sports of the USSR in aerobatics. Member of the championships of the USSR, Europe and the world in aerobatics. Champion of the USSR in the team event (1986). European champion in the team event (1996). World champion in the team event (1997).

The amateur radio callsign is U5MIR.

Awards and titles

Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the badge of special distinction - the Gold Star medal (1989)

Hero of the Russian Federation with the award of a badge of special distinction - the Gold Star medal (medal No. 1) (1992)

Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree (2002)

Order of Honor (1998)

Order of Friendship of Peoples (1992)

Honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" (1989)

Medal "In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg" (2005)

Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (1989, France)

NASA Medal "For space flight» (1996, 1998, 2001)

NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (2003)

Honorary citizen of St. Petersburg (2007)

Honored Master of Sports of Russia

Thank God for such people.
Natali 01.10.2008 04:48:27

Sergey Krikalev graduated from LMI in 1981. I entered the 1st course in 1980. Those. our life paths let them not cross for a moment, but they passed very close. I read the biography of Sergei Konstantinovich, the list of awards and titles ... There are no words. And I felt ashamed in front of the Institute and in front of myself that I was just an ordinary accountant. That's how life happened. Long live graduate School LMI and all Teaching Staff native and beloved Voenmeh. Low bow to Krikalev S.K. and thanks for the heroic life. Natalia.

WISH TO COSMONAUT-S.K. KRIKALEV
F I O D O R I A 08.02.2010 07:00:30

I WANT TO WISH SERGEY KONSTANTINOVICH THE MOST HEALTHY ACTIONS ON
COMPARE TO A NEW FIELD FOR HIM, AS A GENERAL MANAGER. "RGNI TsPK", T.K.
HE HAS MORE - MORE KNOWLEDGE IN PROF.
FROM THE SIDE - AND THIS IS PLEASANT!!! TO ME, AS AN ALLOY, AND IN FACT, SVER-
STNIK, THIS COSMO-THEME IS NATIVE! BECAUSE TO ME, BEFORE AND AFTER COMPLETION
ACCORDING TO A, I HAVE TO GET CLOSELY IN PROVISION.
MILITARY WORK TO SERVICE GROUND EQUIPMENT, EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING NOT-
STANDARD-OUR AND FOREIGN ASSEMBLY. FOR MANY DECADES OF WORK ON ACCORDING-
RESPONSIBLE. "Z A T O" CONTRADIC. (AT THE CURRENT MOMENT) S N G HAS WORKED
WITH MANY AND MANY HUNDREDS OF SPECIALISTS OF DIFFERENT LEVEL UNDER-
COOKING, FROM DIFFERENT CORNERS OF OUR, IN THE PAST, IMMENSE HOMELAND ...
POLIGON OF ALL RUSSIA IS THE FOREST OUTPOST OF OUR SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGIES THAT ALLOWED THE SOVIET UNION TO PUT OFF THE SAME "cold
war "IMPOSED BY THE WEST-TRANSOCEAANIA, IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE 2nd WORLD WAR !!
I CONSIDER MYSELF ONE OF THE DIRECT PARTICIPANTS AND DO NOT DETACH FROM THE COSMO-
NAVTIKI: THERE ARE NO FORMER "KOSMODROMOVTS" ... I WILL SAY THE SAME ABOUT TWICE
GER O E USSR, R O S S I N 1 !!! PARTICIPANT OF MANY FLIGHTS WITH EXIT
IN OPEN C O S M O S, WITH A TOTAL FLIGHT OF MORE THAN 803 ... DAYS O K, FAMILY-
NINOM, VERY SERIOUS AND, AT THE SAME TIME, JUST OUR GUY, AS
I REMEMBER IN THE STAGE OF EXTREME PREPARATION AT THE COSMODROME BEFORE TAKEOFF,
WITH VIEWING (required) CLASSICS - comrade SUKHOV, Abdullah and his harem,
as well as our truly most reliable CUSTOMS, which does not take MZDU, because.
"It's a shame for the POWER" - ESPECIALLY WHEN IT WAS DESTROYED ... and, of course, landed-
which trees on the "ALLEY OF COSMONAUTS" - INTERVIEW FOR S M AND, BUS and
"the road to Space" up to our "Gagarin" start ... "LET'S GO" !!!
I WOULD LIKE, OF COURSE, TO WISH FURTHER PROF. success, good luck, calm
family happiness. CONGRATULATE YOUR FAMILY AND S.K.
BIRTHDAY - the anniversary of Olga's daughter, with the present day of the DEFENDER
HOMELAND, women - from 8_M A R T A. TOTAL IN A M GOOD, S E R G E Y !!
A LOT OF WATER ALREADY IN THE SYR-DARYA RIVER LEAKED, THE RIVER IS VERY SHALLOW, THE WEATHER
ON THE TERRITORY OF THE POLYGON ALSO CHANGED.
"love, dates and rest", then the river can be seen in the distance, like a big canal ..
SAM GARRISON is, from my point of view, a local a ul about m, surrounded by pseudo-
dokalyuchkoy. Everything that they could, after the 90s, save and restore some.
objects that are observed by people on TV at the next launch of the "product".
we only dream of anything ... WITH THE GENERAL RESETTLEMENT OF OUR FAMILY TO ANOTHER REGION-
HE WAS DECIDED EARLIER, BUT AS IT turned out, IT IS UNCLEAR WHY AND WHERE
HALI, WE STILL CAN'T UNDERSTAND, FURTHER NOT IN THE FORMAT ... ONE I HAVE
DESIRE FOR SPECIALISTS. OF OUR TIME: DO NOT LET IT STOP IN "g l u x o -
man and i "- such a state of affairs in, it would seem, the region \u003d center, the very one about
the cat is still ours famous classic he wrote a comedy, but "things and now TAAAAM"!
THE REST TO WE ONLY DREAM, OR DREAM NO LONGER, as in a nightmare!
YOUR EMPLOYEE-COMPANY-lit.pseudonym-FIODORIA BEHIND SIM.

Heroes of Russia

Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich

Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev was born on August 27, 1958 in Leningrad, USSR. Soviet and Russian cosmonaut, Earth record holder for the total time spent in space. Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Russia (one of 4 people awarded both titles).

In 1981 he graduated from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute with a degree in mechanical engineering.

Krikalev S.K. was selected for training for space flights in 1985, the following year he completed the basic training course and was temporarily sent to the group under the Buran reusable spacecraft program.

space training

He passed a medical examination at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IMBP) and on June 7, 1983 received admission to special training. On September 2, 1985, by decision of the GMVK, he was selected to the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. From November 1985 to October 1986 he passed general space training. On November 28, 1986, by decision of the MVKK, he was awarded the qualification "test cosmonaut".

From 1986 to March 1988, he was trained under the Buran program as part of a group and in a conditional crew with Alexander Shchukin.

On March 22, 1988, he replaced A. Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988, he was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the EO-4 / Aragats program at Mir, together with Alexander Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France). He was trained as the first tester of the cosmonaut's vehicle (SPK) and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.

The first flight

From November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and OK Mir under the program of the 4th main expedition (EO-4) and the Soviet-French program Aragats. Launched together with Alexander Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France), landed together with Alexander Volkov and Valery Polyakov). Callsign: "Donbas-2".

The flight duration was 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.

From June to November 17, 1990, he was trained as a flight engineer for the backup crew of the Soyuz TM-11 spacecraft under the EO-8 program (and under the Soviet-Japanese program) at the Mir OK, together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and R. Kikuchi (Japan) ).

From December 5, 1990 to April 19, 1991, he was trained as a flight engineer for the prime crew of the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft under the EO-9 program (and the Soviet-British Juno program) at Mir, together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and Helen Sharman (United Kingdom).

Second flight

From May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992 as a flight engineer of Soyuz TM-12 (start), Soyuz TM-13 (landing), and Mir under the EO-9 program (9th main expedition) together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and EO-10 (10th main expedition) together with Alexander Volkov. The decision to extend the work of Krikalev on EO-10 was already made during his flight.

During the flight he made seven spacewalks. The flight duration was 311 days 20 hours 00 minutes 54 seconds. On September 29, 1992, he was selected for the first flight of a Russian cosmonaut on an American shuttle. From November 5, 1992 to January 1994, he was trained at the Center. Johnson as Mission Specialist of the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-60 program. He received a certificate for working with a shuttle manipulator, was trained to fly a T-38 aircraft as a co-pilot.

Third flight

The flight duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds.

From April 1994 to January 1995 he was trained at the Center. L. Johnson as a stand-in for V. Titov, assigned flight-4 specialist to the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-63 program. He was trained to work in the exit suit under the ISS assembly program. During the STS-63 flight, as well as the STS-71, STS-74 and STS-76 flights, he was the head of the 1st Advisory Group of Experts of the Moscow Mission Control Center in Houston, helped to establish interaction between the Russian and American Mission Control Centers.

From May 1995, he served as Deputy Flight Director of the Mir OK. After the depressurization of the Spektr module, he was a member of the emergency commission.

On January 30, 1996, he was appointed flight engineer for the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station (ISS-1). The launch of the first expedition was originally scheduled for May 1998. From October 1996, he was trained as a flight engineer for the ISS-1 prime crew, together with Yu. Gidzenko and William Shepherd (USA).

Expedition flights to the ISS were delayed, and on July 30, 1998, by agreement between the RSA and NASA, he was assigned to the crew of the Endeavor shuttle under the STS-88 program (the first flight to assemble the station, ISS-01-2A). In September - November 1998 he was trained at the Center. Johnson as part of the STS-88 crew.