• Cosmonaut: Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich (08/27/1958)
• 67th cosmonaut of Russia (212th in the world)
• Flight duration:
• 151 days 11 hours 8 minutes (1988), call sign "Donbas-2"
• 311 days 20 hours (1991), "Ozon-2" / "Donbas-2"
• 8 days 7 hours 9 minutes (1994)
• 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes (1998)
• 140 days 23 h 39 min (2000)

On August 27, 1958, the future cosmonaut, Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, was born in Leningrad. He graduated from secondary education in 1975, at the same time he received a specialty called "chemist-analyst-laboratory assistant". In 1977, Sergey got a job as a laboratory assistant, later - as a senior laboratory assistant at the Research Institute of the Mechanical Institute of Leningrad. In the same year, he began attending the DOSAAF flying club in Leningrad.

In 1980, Sergei Konstantinovich got a job at NPO Energia as part of undergraduate practice. Voenmekh graduated with honors in 1981, majoring in Design aircraft, and their production. In the summer of 1981, he worked as an aircraft technician for the repair of aircraft and their engines at the Leningrad flying club. In September 1981, he became an engineer in one of the departments of NPO Energia. Compiled instructions for astronauts.

space training

On June 7, 1983, after successfully passing a medical examination, Sergey Krikalev was admitted to special training, and in 1985 he began a general space training. In November 1986, he was accepted into the cosmonaut corps and officially qualified as a "test cosmonaut". For the next two years, Sergey Krikalev is being trained under the Buran program. Since 1988, he has been training for the role of an onboard engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft.

The first flight

On November 26, 1988, the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft went to the Mir orbital complex as part of the fourth main expedition, as well as under the international Soviet-French program Aragats. In addition to Krikalev, the crew included commander Alexander Volkov and French cosmonaut-researcher Jean-Loup Chretien.

It is noteworthy that at the launch of the spacecraft, a concert of the popular band Pink Floyd was held. In addition, the band's album, Delicate Sound of Thunder, was placed aboard the ship and became the first rock album to be played in space.

During the stay of cosmonaut Krikalev on board the station, the crew of the 3rd and 4th expeditions conducted more than 5,000 different experiments in various scientific fields: biology, medicine, technology and materials science. However, the vast majority of experiments were on the topic of astronomy and astrophysics. An extensive spectral observation of cosmic bodies was carried out, starting from the Earth's atmosphere and ending with the Small Magellanic Cloud.

On April 27, 1989, the Soyuz TM-7 descent vehicle delivered the spacecraft's crew to Earth. Cosmonaut Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR.

Since November 1990, Sergei Konstantinovich has been training under the Soviet-Japanese flight program to the Mir station, and since December - the Soviet-British program.

Second flight

On May 18, 1991, flight engineer Sergei Krikalev, British cosmonaut-researcher Helen Sharman and commander of the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft Anatoly Artsebarsky set off into Earth orbit.

Helen Sharman spent only a week at the Mir station, during which time she performed several biological and chemical experiments, and also conducted several lessons for British schoolchildren. In addition to a number of experiments conducted by the station crew, Sergei Krikalev performed seven spacewalks from two to seven hours. During his work outside the station, Sergei Konstantinovich, together with other cosmonauts, completed the replacement of the antenna, the installation of a laser reflector, a folding truss, a new engine mast, and also carried out two tests of the SOFORA mast. Two subsequent space missions were canceled due to limited funding, leaving Sergey Krikalev in orbit six months longer than planned.

In total, cosmonaut Krikalev spent 311 days in Earth orbit. Got honorary title Hero RF.

In September 1992, Sergei Krikalev was accepted into the American crew of the Discovery STS-60 shuttle, as the first Russian cosmonaut on the shuttle. Worked as a Mission Specialist.

Third flight

The Discovery STS-60 shuttle launched on February 3, 1994. The shuttle stayed in orbit for almost 8 days. During this time, many experiments have been carried out, including: imitation of small space objects for their detection using radars (ODERAX program), experiments in microgravity in the Spacehub module, growing films from semiconductor material in vacuum conditions using the WCF satellite. During most of the experiments, Sergei Krikalev operated a remote manipulator, which, for example, separated the WCF satellite from the shuttle.

For the next few years, cosmonaut Krikalev was trained for the next shuttle flights at the American Johnson Center. During four space shuttle missions, STS was the team leader in Houston on behalf of the Russian Mission Control Center. Since May 1995, Sergei Konstantinovich performed the tasks of the deputy head of the flight of the Mir station. Since 1996, he has been training for the role of an onboard engineer for the first expedition to the ISS. Due to the delay in flights to the ISS, cosmonaut Krikalev in 1998 began training for a flight on the Endeavor STS-88 shuttle.

Fourth flight

On December 4, 1998, Flight-4 Specialist Sergei Krikalev starts aboard the Endeavor STS-88 shuttle into Earth orbit. The crew was faced with the task of delivering and installing the American Unity module. The module was docked to the Russian ISS module Zarya. "Unity" became the basis for connecting the following space modules with the basis of the ISS. The module was also installed using the Canadarm robotic arm located on the Endeavor shuttle. Shuttle commander Robert Kabanoy and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev were the first to open the ISS hatch.

On December 16, 1998, cosmonaut Krikalev, together with the crew of the Endeavor shuttle, returned to Earth. After completing his fourth space flight, Sergei Konstantinovich continued to prepare for the flight to the ISS as part of the first main expedition.

Fifth flight

On October 31, 2000, the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft went to dock with the ISS. The crew included commander Yuri Gidzenko, on-board engineer Sergei Krikalev and american second flight engineer William Shepherd. The astronauts unloaded and installed a large number of scientific and technical equipment. The task of the team was to assemble essential equipment, as well as set up an internal computer network. This crew was the first to have a long stay on the ISS. After staying at the station for more than four months, the crew returned home.

For the next five years, cosmonaut Krikalev is preparing for his next visit to the ISS, first on the shuttle, and after the suspension of all shuttle flights, on the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft.

Sixth flight

On April 15, 2005, the commander of the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft, cosmonaut Krikalev, as well as onboard engineers John Phillips (USA) and Roberto Vittori (Italy) launched from Baikonur towards the ISS. The Italian cosmonaut, representing ESA, stayed at the station for 10 days, after which he returned to Earth with the crew of Expedition 10 to the ISS. Phillips and Krikalev made up the 11th expedition, and stayed on board the station for almost half a year. During this time, the crew received two Progress-type cargo ships and the Discovery STS-114 shuttle.

On August 18, 2005, Sergei Krikalev made a five-hour spacewalk. On October 3, along with the next expedition, the American space tourist Gregory Olsen also arrived on board the ISS. On October 11, 2005, Olsen returned to Earth along with Krikalev and Phillips.

Sergey Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut to make 6 flights, as well as the record holder for the total duration of space missions - 803 days 9 hours and 38 minutes. In addition, he has 8 exits to the open space, with a total duration of 41 hours and 26 minutes.

Future life

After a successful career as an astronaut, Sergei Krikalev took up social activities. In addition to being the President of the Gliding Federation (1999-2007), Sergey Konstantinovich was also the Secretary Public Chamber Central federal district in February 2012. In April 2014, he became the representative of the Governor of Sevastopol in the capital of the Russian Federation - Moscow, and in St. Petersburg.

Heroes of Russia

Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich

Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev was born on August 27, 1958 in Leningrad, USSR. Soviet and Russian cosmonaut, Earth record holder for the total time spent in space. Hero Soviet Union and Hero of Russia (one of 4 people awarded both titles).

In 1981 he graduated from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute with a degree in mechanical engineering.

After graduating from the institute, he worked at NPO Energia. He tested equipment used in space flights, developed methods of work in space and participated in the work of the ground control service. In 1985, when malfunctions arose at the Salyut-7 station, he worked in the recovery group, developing methods for docking with an unmanaged station and repairing its on-board systems.

Krikalev S.K. was selected for training for space flights in 1985, the following year he completed the basic training course and was temporarily sent to the group under the Buran reusable spacecraft program.

space training

He passed a medical examination at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IMBP) and on June 7, 1983 received admission to special training. On September 2, 1985, by decision of the GMVK, he was selected to the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. From November 1985 to October 1986 he passed general space training. On November 28, 1986, by decision of the MVKK, he was awarded the qualification "test cosmonaut".

From 1986 to March 1988, he was trained under the Buran program as part of a group and in a conditional crew with Alexander Shchukin.

On March 22, 1988, he replaced A. Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988, he was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the EO-4 / Aragats program at Mir, together with Alexander Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France). He was trained as the first tester of the cosmonaut's vehicle (SPK) and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.

The first flight

From November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and OK Mir under the program of the 4th main expedition (EO-4) and the Soviet-French program Aragats. Launched together with Alexander Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France), landed together with Alexander Volkov and Valery Polyakov). Callsign: "Donbas-2".

The flight duration was 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.

From June to November 17, 1990, he was trained as a flight engineer for the backup crew of the Soyuz TM-11 spacecraft under the EO-8 program (and under the Soviet-Japanese program) at the Mir OK, together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and R. Kikuchi (Japan) ).

From December 5, 1990 to April 19, 1991, he was trained as a flight engineer for the prime crew of the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft under the EO-9 program (and the Soviet-British Juno program) at Mir, together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and Helen Sharman (United Kingdom).

Second flight

From May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992 as a flight engineer of Soyuz TM-12 (start), Soyuz TM-13 (landing), and Mir under the EO-9 program (9th main expedition) together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and EO-10 ​​(10th main expedition) together with Alexander Volkov. The decision to extend the work of Krikalev on EO-10 ​​was already made during his flight.

During the flight he made seven spacewalks. The flight duration was 311 days 20 hours 00 minutes 54 seconds. On September 29, 1992, he was selected for the first flight of a Russian cosmonaut on an American shuttle. From November 5, 1992 to January 1994, he was trained at the Center. Johnson as Mission Specialist of the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-60 program. He received a certificate for working with a shuttle manipulator, was trained to fly a T-38 aircraft as a co-pilot.

Third flight

The flight duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds.

From April 1994 to January 1995 he was trained at the Center. L. Johnson as a stand-in for V. Titov, assigned flight-4 specialist to the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-63 program. He was trained to work in the exit suit under the ISS assembly program. During the STS-63 flight, as well as the STS-71, STS-74 and STS-76 flights, he was the head of the 1st Advisory Group of Experts of the Moscow Mission Control Center in Houston, helped to establish interaction between the Russian and American Mission Control Centers.

From May 1995, he served as Deputy Flight Director of the Mir OK. After the depressurization of the Spektr module, he was a member of the emergency commission.

On January 30, 1996, he was appointed flight engineer for the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station (ISS-1). The launch of the first expedition was originally scheduled for May 1998. From October 1996, he was trained as a flight engineer for the ISS-1 prime crew, together with Yu. Gidzenko and William Shepherd (USA).

Expedition flights to the ISS were delayed, and on July 30, 1998, by agreement between the RSA and NASA, he was assigned to the crew of the Endeavor shuttle under the STS-88 program (the first flight to assemble the station, ISS-01-2A). In September - November 1998 he was trained at the Center. Johnson as part of the STS-88 crew.

Full member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

Sergey Krikalev was born on August 27, 1958 in St. Petersburg. In 1975 he graduated from ten classes high school No. 77. Since 1977, he was engaged in airplane sports at the local flying club. Four years later he graduated with honors from the Baltic State Technical University in the specialty "Design and production of aircraft".

From September 14, 1981, Krikalev worked as an engineer in the 111th department of the Main Design Bureau of the Energy Research and Production Association. He was engaged in the development of instructions for astronauts. A year later he became an engineer, and from June 1, 1985, a senior engineer of the 191st department of the Main Design Bureau of NPO Energia.

On September 2, 1985, by decision of the state interdepartmental commission, Krikalev was selected for the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. During the following year, he underwent general space training. At the end of November 1986, he was qualified as a test cosmonaut. Further, for two years he was trained under the Buran program.

On March 22, 1988, Sergey Krikalev replaced Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988, he was trained as a flight engineer for the prime crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the Aragats program at the Mir orbital complex, together with Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien. He also underwent training as the first tester of the cosmonaut's vehicle and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.

Krikalev made his first space flight from November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and the Mir orbital complex under the program of the fourth main expedition and the Soviet-French program Aragats. Launched together with the spacecraft commander Volkov and cosmonaut researcher Jean-Loup Chretien, a citizen of the French Republic. Having completed the flight program, the station was prepared for operation in unmanned mode and landed on April 27, 1989. The duration of the space flight was 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 27, 1989, for the successful implementation of a space flight on the Mir orbital research complex and for the courage and heroism shown, Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

In 1990, Krikalev was preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-term expedition to the Mir station. In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 launched on May 18, 1991 with commander Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev, and British female cosmonaut Helen Sharman. A week later, Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. Over the summer, six spacewalks were carried out, while numerous scientific experiments were carried out, as well as maintenance work on the station.

According to the plan, Krikalev's return was supposed to take place in five months, but in July 1991 Krikalev agreed to remain at the Mir station as a flight engineer with another crew due to arrive in October. This flight is interesting because the cosmonauts flew away from the USSR, and returned to Russia: during their flight, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. The flight duration was 311 days 20 h 00 min 34 s.

Decree of the President Russian Federation No. 387 of April 11, 1992 for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on orbital station"Mir", the USSR pilot-cosmonaut Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation with the award of the special distinction of the Gold Star medal No. 1.

In October 1992, NASA officials announced that a Russian cosmonaut with space flight experience would fly on an American space shuttle. Krikalev was one of two candidates, the other being Vladimir Titov, sent by the Russian Space Agency to train with the STS-60 crew. In April 1993, Krikalev was announced as the main candidate.

Krikalev made his third space flight from February 3 to February 11, 1994 as a specialist in the crew aboard the STS-60 Discovery reusable transport spacecraft. This was the first U.S.-Russian joint space shuttle flight in the history of manned space exploration. The flight duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds.

Krikalev made his fourth space flight from December 4 to 16, 1998 as part of the STS-88 mission as a flight-4 specialist. Together with the shuttle commander Robert Kabana, Sergey Krikalev opened the hatch to the International Space Station for the first time. The flight duration was 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes 47 seconds.

Krikalev made his fifth space flight from October 31, 2000 to March 21, 2001 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft and the ISS under the program of the first main expedition of the ISS. He landed on the Discovery shuttle STS-102 as a flight specialist. The flight duration was 140 days 23 hours 40 minutes 19 seconds.

In his sixth space flight, Krikalev led the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station, launching into space on April 15, 2005 on the Soyuz TM6 spacecraft with crew members: NASA astronaut John Phillips and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori. During the flight, Krikalev made one spacewalk: on August 18, 2005, lasting 4 hours and 57 minutes. On October 11, 2005, together with NASA astronaut John Phillips and space tourist, US citizen Gregory Olsen, he returned to Earth on the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft. The flight duration was 179 days 0 hours 22 minutes 35 seconds.

Sergey Krikalev is the record holder for the total stay in space. For six flights, it amounted to 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds. Performed eight spacewalks, the total duration of work in open space 41 hours 26 minutes.

At the end of March 2009, Krikalev was relieved of his post as "test cosmonaut instructor" first class. By order of the head of Roscosmos dated March 27, 2009, he was appointed head of the federal state budget institution Yuri Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center. At the end of March 2014, he left this position.

Since March 2014, Krikalev has been appointed First Deputy General Director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering for manned space programs, as well as Executive Director of the State Corporation Roscosmos for manned space programs. Since April 2014, the representative of the city of Sevastopol in Moscow and St. Petersburg. From August 2014, he took the position of First Deputy General Director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering.

At a meeting of the Board of Directors of PJSC Rocket and Space Complex Energia on January 24, 2019, it was decided to appoint Sergey Konstantinovich Krikalev as Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of PJSC Rocket and Space Complex Energia.

Sergei Konstantinovich, in addition to space, also has sports achievements. For a long time he was engaged in aircraft sports. He played at the USSR Championship for the team of the Central Aeroclub and was a candidate for the USSR national team in aircraft sports. In this sport, he became the champion of the USSR, the champion of Europe and the world champion in the team event.

At the First World Air Games in Turkey, he was a member of the Russian national team in aerobatics on gliders. He took first place in the team competition, and also became the silver medalist in the individual competition. At the Second World Air Games in Spain, he was the head coach of the Russian team. Krikalev was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the Russian Federation.

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe November 7, 2019 awarded Sergei Krikalev one of the most high awards countries: the Order of the Rising Sun on the neck ribbon with a star. The award ceremony took place at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo.

Sergey Krikalev's awards

Hero of the Russian Federation (April 11, 1992) - for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the Mir orbital station (Gold Star medal No. 1).

Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV degree (April 5, 2002) - for courage and high professionalism shown during a long-term space flight on the International Space Station.

Order of Honor (April 15, 1998) - for successful participation and achievement of high sports results in the First World Air Games.

Order of Friendship of Peoples (March 25, 1992) - for the successful implementation of a space flight on the Mir orbital station and the courage and heroism shown in this.

Order of Lenin (1989).

Order of the Rising Sun II degree (7.11.2019).

Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (April 12, 2011) - for great merits in the field of research, development and use outer space, many years of conscientious work, active social activity.

Medal "In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg" (2005).

Honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" (1989).

Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (France, 1989).

Three NASA Space Flight Medals (1996, 1998, 2001).

NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (2003)

Honorary citizen of St. Petersburg (2007).

Honored Master of Sports of Russia.

Lifetime Honorary Member of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain.

Laureate of the national award "Golden Eye of Russia".

Laureate of the national award "Russian of the Year" (2011).

Merit recognition

Bust on the Alley of Heroes of the Moscow Victory Park (St. Petersburg)

27.08.1958 -
Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Russian Federation

Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich - flight engineer spaceships(SC) "Soyuz TM-7", "Soyuz TM-12" ("Soyuz TM-13") and the orbital station (OS) "Mir", the 67th cosmonaut of Russia (USSR) and the 212th cosmonaut of the world.

Born on August 27, 1958 in the city of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) in the family of an employee. Russian.

In 1975 he graduated from the 10th grade of secondary school No. 77 in the city of Leningrad. Since 1977, he began to engage in aircraft sports at the Leningrad aeroclub DOSAAF. In 1981 he graduated with honors from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute with a degree in Design and Production of Aircraft.

From September 14, 1981, he worked as an engineer in the 111th department of the State Design Bureau of NPO Energia. He was engaged in the development of instructions for astronauts. From September 1, 1982, he worked as an engineer, and from June 1, 1985, as a senior engineer of the 191st department (former 111th department) of the State Design Bureau NPO Energia.

On September 2, 1985, by decision of the GMVK, he was selected for the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. From November 1985 to October 1986 he passed general space training. On November 28, 1986, by decision of the MVKK, he was awarded the qualification of "test cosmonaut".

From November 1986 to March 1988 he was trained under the Buran program.

On March 22, 1988, he replaced A.Yu. Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988, he was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the EO-4 / Aragats program at the Mir OK, together with A.A. Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France). He was trained as the first tester of the cosmonaut's vehicle (SPK) and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.

The first space flight of S.K. Krikalev made from November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and the Mir orbital complex under the 4th main expedition program (EO-4) and the Soviet-French Aragats program. Launched together with the commander of the ship A.A. Volkov and cosmonaut-researcher citizen of the French Republic Jean-Loup Chretien. During the flight, a partial replacement of the crew of the Mir-Soyuz TM orbital complex took place. After the return of the previous crew to Earth, cosmonauts A.A. Volkov, V.V. Polyakov and S.K. Krikalev continued their work on board the Mir OS. Having completed the flight program, they prepared the station for operation in unmanned mode and landed on April 27, 1989. Duration of the first space flight S.K. Krikaleva was 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 27, 1989, for the successful implementation of a 151-day space flight on the Mir orbital research complex and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

From June to November 17, 1990, he was trained as a flight engineer for the backup crew of the Soyuz TM-11 spacecraft under the EO-8 program (and under the Soviet-Japanese program) at the Mir OK, together with A.P. Artsebarsky and Ryoko Kikuchi (Japan).

The second space flight of S.K. Krikalev made from May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992 on the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft together with commander A.P. Artsebarsky, and cosmonaut-researcher British citizen Helen Sharman, who returned to Earth on May 26, 1991 with the previous crew on the Soyuz TM-11 spacecraft, and S.K. Krikalev and A.P. Artsebarsky remained on the Mir OS.

In July 1991, S.K. Krikalev agrees to continue work on the Mir OS with the next crew (who arrived in October on the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft).

After October 10, 1991, a visiting expedition consisting of flight engineer T.O. Aubakirov and cosmonaut-researcher Franz Fibek, citizen of Austria, together with A.P. Artsebarsky returned to Earth on the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft, S.K. Krikalev remained at the station with a new commander - A.A. Volkov. During the second space flight of S.K. Krikalev made seven spacewalks:
06/24/1991 - duration 4 hours 58 minutes;
06/28/1991 - duration 3 hours 24 minutes;
07/15/1991 - duration 6 hours 4 minutes;
07/19/1991 - duration 5 hours 28 minutes;
07/23/1991 - duration 5 hours 34 minutes;
07/27/1991 - duration 6 hours 49 minutes;
02/20/1992 - duration 2 hours 12 minutes.
The flight duration was 311 days 20 hours 00 minutes 54 seconds.

At Order of the President of the Russian Federation No. 387 dated April 11, 1992 "for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the Mir orbital station, to the USSR pilot-cosmonaut Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation with the award of a sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal No. 1.

On September 29, 1992, he was selected for the first flight of a Russian cosmonaut on an American shuttle. From November 5, 1992 to January 1994, he was trained at the Johnson Center as a Mission Specialist for the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-60 program. He received a certificate for working with a shuttle manipulator, was trained to fly a T-38 aircraft as a co-pilot.

The third space flight of S.K. Krikalev made from February 3 to February 11, 1994 as a flight specialist-4 as part of the crew (Charles Bolden, Kenneth Richtler, N. Jean Davis, Ronald Shiga, Franklin Chang-Diaz) on board the reusable transport spacecraft STS-60 "Discovery" (USA). It was the first U.S.-Russian joint space shuttle flight in the history of manned space exploration. The flight duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds.

From April 1994 to January 1995 he was trained at the L. Johnson Center as an understudy flight-4 specialist in the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-63 program. He was trained to work in the exit suit under the ISS assembly program. During the STS-63 flight, as well as the STS-71, STS-74 and STS-76 flights, he was the head of the 1st Advisory Group of Experts of the Moscow Mission Control Center in Houston, helped to establish interaction between the Russian and American Mission Control Centers.

From May 1995, he served as Deputy Flight Director of the Mir OK. After the depressurization of the Spektr module, he was a member of the emergency commission.

On January 30, 1996, he was appointed flight engineer for the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station (ISS-1). The launch of the first expedition was originally scheduled for May 1998. From October 1996, he was trained as a flight engineer for the ISS-1 prime crew, together with Yu.P. Gidzenko and William Shepherd (USA). Expedition flights to the ISS were delayed, and on July 30, 1998, by agreement between the RSA and NASA, he was assigned to the crew of the Endeavor shuttle under the STS-88 program (the first flight to assemble the station, ISS-01-2A). In September - November 1998 he was trained at the Center. Johnson as part of the STS-88 crew.

His fourth space flight S.K. Krikalev made December 4-15, 1998 as part of the STS-88 mission (13th flight of the shuttle "Endeavour") as a flight-4 specialist (shuttle crew - Robert Cabana (commander), Frederick Sturkow (pilot), Jerry Ross, Nancy Carrie, James Newman). During the flight, the first Russian module of the ISS, the Functional Cargo Block (FGB) Zarya, was docked to the first Russian module of the ISS, which was launched earlier into orbit, the American node module Unity. Together with the shuttle commander Robert Kabana, Sergey Krikalev opened the hatch to the ISS for the first time. Participated in the work on board the ISS. The flight duration was 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes 47 seconds.

The fifth space flight of S.K. Krikalev worked from October 31, 2000 to March 21, 2001 as a Soyuz TM-31 and ISS flight engineer under the ISS Expedition 1 program. He took off on the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft, landed on the Discovery shuttle STS-102 as a flight specialist. The flight duration was 140 days 23 hours 40 minutes 19 seconds.

In October 2000, he was appointed commander of the backup crew of Expedition 7 to the ISS (ISS-7d) together with M.V. Suraev and Paul Richards (USA). In September 2001 M.V. Suraev was replaced by S.A. Volkov, and in March 2002 Paul Richards was replaced by John Phillips. Under this program, the crew trained until February 2003, when, due to the death of the Columbia shuttle, all crews were reorganized. Krikalev's crew became the prime crew for the ISS assembly program with a shuttle launch (ULF-1 flight). It was planned that this crew would go to the station on the first shuttle (STS-114). However, as the timing of the resumption of shuttle flights was constantly shifted, the crews and flight programs changed again. Krikalev began training as the prime crew commander of Expedition 11 to the ISS together with John Phillips. In October 2004, Italian astronaut Roberto Vittori was included in the crew of the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft as a member of a short-term visiting expedition.

In his sixth space flight S.K. Krikalev led the prime crew of Expedition 11 to the International Space Station (ISS), launching into space on April 15, 2005 on the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft with crew members: NASA astronaut John Phillips and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Roberto Vittori. On April 17, 2005, Soyuz TMA-6 docked to the ISS, after which its crew transferred to the station. During the flight of S.K. Krikalev made one spacewalk: August 18, 2005 - duration 4 hours 57 minutes. October 11, 2005 S.K. Krikalev, together with NASA astronaut John Phillips and space tourist, US citizen Gregory Olsen, returned to Earth on the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft. The flight duration was 179 days 0 hours 22 minutes 35 seconds.

S.K. Krikalev is the record holder for the total stay in space. For six flights, it amounted to 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds. Performed 8 spacewalks, the total duration of work in open space - 41 hours 26 minutes.

In May 2006, by decision of Roskosmos, CPC and RSC Energia, he was provisionally appointed spacecraft commander for the ISS-17d backup crew and the ISS-19 prime crew, together with M.V. Suraev. In August, by a joint decision of Roskosmos and NASA, he was provisionally appointed as backup commander of the ISS-17d and flight engineer of the Soyuz-TMA-12 spacecraft, the launch of which is scheduled for April 2008. On February 13, 2007, the appointment was approved by NASA. However, already in March 2007, he was withdrawn from the backup crew.

By order of the President of RSC Energia dated February 5, 2007, S.K. Krikalev was appointed Vice-President of RSC Energia for manned flights, retaining the post of instructor-test cosmonaut. At the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders of RSC Energia on July 31, 2007, S.K. Krikalev was not elected vice-president of the corporation, remaining as an instructor-test cosmonaut of RRK Energia.

March 27, 2009 S.K. Krikalev was dismissed from the post of "instructor-test cosmonaut" 1st class. By order of the head of Roscosmos dated March 27, 2009, he was appointed head of the Yu.A. Gagarin Research and Testing Cosmonaut Training Center. At the end of March 2014, he left this position. Since April 2014 - the representative of the city of Sevastopol in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Since August 2014 - First Deputy General Director of FSUE TsNIIMash.

Lives in the city of Korolev, Moscow Region.

Has sporting achievements. Since 1977, he has been involved in aircraft sports. In 1982, he played at the USSR championship for the team of the Central Aeroclub and was a candidate for the USSR national team in aircraft sports. In 1983 he became the absolute champion of Moscow in aerobatics. In 1986 he became the champion of the USSR and the champion of Europe in the team event. In 1997 he became the world champion. In 1997, at the First World Air Games in Turkey, he was in the Russian national team in glider aerobatics. He took first place in the team competition, and also became the silver medalist in the individual competition. In 2001, at the Second World Air Games in Spain, he was the head coach of the Russian team. In 2007 he was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the Russian Federation.

Reserve major, cosmonaut 1st class (04/07/1992).

He was awarded the Soviet Order of Lenin (04/27/1989), the Russian orders "For Merit to the Fatherland" 4th degree (04/05/2002), Honor (04/15/1998), Friendship of Peoples (03/25/1992), medals, including "For merit in space exploration" (04/12/2011), as well as orders and medals of foreign countries, including the badge of an officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (1989, France), medals "For space flight" (USA, NASA, 1996, 1998, 2001) , "For Outstanding Public Service" (USA, NASA, 2003).

Honorary citizen of St. Petersburg (05/23/2007). A bust of the twice Hero was erected in St. Petersburg (2017).