55 years of Yuri Gagarin's flight

The first manned flight into space will take place no earlier than 2017. So thought the founder of cosmonautics Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

In 1935, speaking on the All-Union Radio to the participants of the May Day demonstration on Red Square, he said:

"We, in the Soviet Union, have a lot of young pilots - that's what I call children model aircraft, glider pilots, young people on airplanes. We have tens of thousands of them. I place the most daring hopes on them. They will help to realize my discoveries and train talented builders first interplanetary ship.

The scientist’s statement almost completely predicted the biography of Yuri Gagarin, who at that time was a little over a year old: an aircraft modeller, a member of an flying club, a cadet of a military aviation school, a fighter pilot ... Tsiolkovsky miscalculated in only one thing: a man carried out his first flight into orbit 56 years earlier than predicted.

About Gagarin, the man who called us all into space - in a special TASS project.

Top secret

"Legends go about the Russian troika, but will it be able to take you into space at least in 100 years?" - they say that such a question was addressed to the head of the Soviet delegation at a press conference of the Congress of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) in Copenhagen in 1954.

At that time, the construction of the Baikonur cosmodrome was already planned in the USSR.

In February 1955, the Decree of the Ministry of Defense was adopted on the creation of a test site for testing rocket technology, and two years later, the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile R-7, created under the leadership of the chief designer of OKB-1 Sergey Korolev, was successfully tested on it.

In 1957, the first Soviet artificial satellite Earth, which gave the official start to the space race between the USSR and the USA;

In 1959, the Soviet automatic interplanetary station became the first apparatus to reach the surface of the moon;

In 1960, Belka and Strelka successfully returned from a 25-hour orbital flight.

Many realized that the flight of a man into space is just a matter of time.

The following letters were sent to the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences:

At that time, active preparations for the first manned flight into Earth's orbit were also going on in the United States.

"In October 1959, seven astronauts who were training for the first manned space program, Mercury, drew up a memo proposing mutual visits from Soviet cosmonauts," recalls William Barry, NASA's chief historian. The document was signed by members of the first detachment of astronauts. They were guided by quite pragmatic considerations: meetings with colleagues from the USSR would provide valuable information about the Soviet space program.

"It seems that we have nothing to lose, since almost all the details of the Mercury project are already widely known and are covered in detail in the press. On the other hand, the Russian program is classified, and therefore any information that we can find out will be new," – wrote the authors of the memorandum.

This initiative did not find support from the leadership of NASA and the White House. And in the USSR, they would hardly have violated the atmosphere of secrecy that developed around the first manned flight into space. Even those who entered the first detachment of cosmonauts did not immediately realize what they were being prepared for.

In the spring of 1960, 20 people were enrolled in the first cosmonaut corps. In the summer, six applicants were selected for participation in the first flight: Yuri Gagarin, German Titov, Andriyan Nikolaev, Pavel Popovich, Grigory Nelyubov and Valery Bykovsky.

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Flight preparation

The astronauts had to go through a series of tests to prove their suitability for an essentially non-existent profession.

Sergei Korolev, founder of practical astronautics

Two days later, on April 14, on the personal initiative of Khrushchev, the first cosmonaut was honored by the whole country. The solemn meeting took place on Red Square.

Gagarin's flight became a sensation.

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Press Association: "Gagarin's flight is the news of the century."

BBC: "The Soviets won the space race."

Evening Standard: "While America was sleeping, a man for the first time in history left his planet and returned back."

The Guardian: "Now space exploration will turn from the guesswork of scientists into a science based on experiments."

The Yorkshire Post: "The transformation of Russia, almost within the life of one generation, from a country of illiterate peasants and literate dreamers into a leading, scientifically developed power must be regarded as one of the most striking facts."

The Times: "In the time it takes City employees to commute from home to work, soviet man circled the earth."

Agency France Press: "The Soviet Union has just given the world its Christopher Columbus outer space."

The Canadian Press: "Today, scientists around the world proudly salute their Soviet colleagues who have won an important competition for space."

The New York Times:"Gagarin is welcomed by all of Moscow. Crowds flooded Red Square. Major thanks the party."

United Press International:"Even short-term human travel in space is a giant step towards the establishment of bases on the Moon and to human flights to Mars and Venus."

Associated Press: "A stunning new Russian triumph against the United States in space."

NASA is jealous

NASA invited the International Aviation Federation (FAI) not to count Gagarin's record. Due to the fact that the Soviet designers did not have time to develop a mechanism for a sufficiently soft and safe landing of the descent vehicle, ten minutes before the landing of the capsule, Gagarin had to eject and complete the flight with a parachute jump. In this regard, the American space agency stated that Gagarin can be considered a paratrooper pilot, but not a cosmonaut pilot.

American experts cited FAI regulations that require an astronaut to land in a capsule. In the USSR, they understood that the requirements of the federation were not fully met and until 1971 they did not officially disclose data on Gagarin's landing.

However, after many hours of discussion in the FAI, the first manned flight into space was credited to the USSR.

Victor Anfuso, Member of the US House of Representatives space issues from New York State

Gagarin himself was quite reserved about his popularity.

“I, like other people, have a lot of mistakes. I also have my weaknesses. You don’t need to idealize a person. You need to take him the way he is in life. that it becomes sickening," he wrote in his diary.

Gagarin was worried that he was not on the crew lists for new space missions. The Soviet leadership did not want to risk the main symbol of victory in the space race.

In the end, exactly what they feared happened. March 27, 1968 Gagarin died during a training flight.

After that, his wife was given a letter written back in 1961, two days before the historic start:

“I completely believe in technology. But it happens, and out of the blue a person breaks his neck. If something happens, don’t be heartbroken, take care of the girls, grow out of them not white hands, but real people. Arrange your personal life as you see fit necessary ... Something too mournful letter turns out. I hope you never see it ... "

Gagarin became the first "ordinary" citizen of the USSR, for whom national mourning was declared; before him, only the country's top leadership was awarded this honor.

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Gagarin was the founder of the cosmonaut profession. This is the main "tradition" laid down by him. By his example, he proved that it is possible to live and work in space. And now, when cosmonauts from other countries go to the start, every time it turns out that the dream of flying into space was born thanks to Gagarin

Alexey Leonov, Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the USSR

AFTER GAGARIN

In August 1968, Gagarin was supposed to speak from the rostrum of the UN Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space with a report "On professional activity cosmonauts". Death prevented. Instead, the USSR was represented by Leonov. They talked about the prospects for space exploration, flights, exploration of the moon - about what has yet to be done.

Many dreams over the past 55 years have become reality: the first exit in outer space, the first man on the moon, long-term space flights and launch research apparatus to other planets.

By 2016, hundreds of people had been in space. Three countries (Russia, the USA and China) have their own technologies for launching a man into space.

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Elliot Poolam, head of the Space Foundation

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Over the past 55 years, two of the most important achievements can be identified - the transition from the space race of two states to international cooperation with the participation of more than 100 countries, as well as the current evolution of the global space activity, which attracts private investment and which draws commercial space enterprises in industrial scale

On April 12, 1961, the world was shocked by the announcement that the Soviet Union had made its first flight into space. The first in the history of the Vostok spacecraft with a man on board, piloted by Yuri Aleskeevich Gagarin, was launched into orbit around the Earth.

This date has entered the history of mankind forever. The first space flight lasted 108 minutes. Nowadays, when many months of expeditions are made on orbital space stations, it seems very short. But each of those minutes was a discovery of the unknown.

Yuri Gagarin's flight proved that man can live and work in space. This is how it came to earth new profession- astronaut. In this article, we will share with you little known facts about the first flight into space.

The secret of the Soviet cosmonautics. Three cosmonauts died before Gagarin

Space veterans say the triumphant Soviet space program, which culminated in Yuri Gagarin's first flight into space, has been marred by several tragedies that have been kept secret from Russians and the rest of the world.

Mikhail Rudenko, former chief engineer of Khimki Experimental Design Bureau No. 456, said that the first three victims were test pilots who flew into the outer atmosphere along parabolic trajectories, which means that they flew up and then crashed down without flying around Earth.

“All three died during the flights, but their names were not made public”

Rudenko said. He gave the names of the dead: Ledovskikh, Shaborin and Mitkov died in 1957, 1958 and 1959. According to Rudenko, the death of test pilots forced the Soviet leadership to create special school training of space pioneers. “They decided to give training more serious attention and create a special staff of astronauts,” he said.

And this is not to mention the fact that tragedies occurred not only in space, but also on Earth: during one of the trainings, right in the isolation chamber (an experimental chamber with low gravity), Valentin Bondarenko, the youngest cosmonaut candidate, died. Irina Ponomareva, space expert of the Institute of Biology and Medicine, participating in the work on space program since 1959, he says - “We tried to create the conditions that the astronaut would encounter in orbit, but a fire broke out in the chamber, it was impossible to save Bondarenko. It's the only thing I remember."

The first flights into space. running animals

I must say that Belka with Strelka and Yuri Gagarin are far from the first living creatures to conquer the territory of weightlessness. Before that, the dog Laika had been there, the flight of which was being prepared for 10 years and ended sadly - she died. Flying into space and turtles, mice, monkeys. The brightest flights, and there were only three of them, were made by a dog named Zhulka. Twice she launched on high-altitude rockets, the third time on a ship that turned out to be not so perfect and gave technical failures. The vessel was unable to reach orbit, and the decision to destroy it was considered. But again there are malfunctions in the system, and the ship ahead of time returns home with a fall. The satellite was discovered in Siberia. No one hoped for a successful outcome of the search, not to mention the dog. But survived terrible accident, hunger and thirst, Zhulka escaped and lived another 14 years after the fall.

On September 23, 1959, a rocket exploded right at the start, carrying the dogs Krasavka and Damka on board. On December 1, the launch was more successful: the dogs Pchelka and Mushka successfully postponed the launch, however, due to the fact that the descent trajectory at the end of the flight was too steep, the ship burned down along with the animals in it

Usually mongrels were sent into space because purebred dogs are too nervous

says Vladimir Gubarev, a science journalist who has covered 50 space flights.

Three messages about the first flight into space

Shortly before the flight into space, three pre-launch appeals of the "first cosmonaut to the Soviet people" were recorded. The first was recorded by Yuri Gagarin, and two more by his doubles German Titov and Grigory Nelyubov. Interestingly, three texts of the TASS message about the first manned flight into space were also prepared:
- in case of a successful flight
- in case of loss of an astronaut and the need to organize a search for him
- in case of disaster.
All three messages were sealed in special envelopes numbered 1, 2, 3 and sent to radio, television and TASS.
On April 12, 1961, the media received a clear order to open only the envelope, the number of which was indicated by the Kremlin, and to immediately destroy the remaining messages.

Poems during the first flight into space

Yuri Gagarin in one of his many interviews admitted that during the flight into space he recalled the poems of his favorite poet Sergei Yesenin. During a meeting with cultural figures, which took place a week after the world's first space flight, Gagarin on a book with poems by his favorite poet left the following entry:

“I love the poems of Sergei Yesenin and respect him as a person who loves Mother Russia”

This unique book is in the center of the exposition "Oh Russia, flap your wings! .." in the Moscow State Museum of S.A. Yesenin.

Audio recording, first flight transcript

Conversation between Gagarin and Korolev during the first flight into space. The transcript is abridged.

Surely, in the entire post-Soviet space today there is no such person who does not know who Yuri Gagarin is. The first manned space flight in 1961 became a significant event not only in the Soviet Union, but throughout the world. But how did all this happen - preparation, the process of flight, and what happened after a person was finally able to get into space for the first time? And of course, a little about what kind of person Yuri Gagarin himself was.

Short biography

Yuri Gagarin was born on March 9, 1934 in the village of Klushino (now the Smolensk region), located near the city of Gzhatsk, which, after a space flight, was named after him. Yuri's parents were simple peasants who worked for the good of the country, and his father was also known a good master carpentry business. The early childhood of the first cosmonaut passed in his native village.

In 1945, the Gagarins moved to Gzhatsk, where Yuri, starting in 1949, combined his studies at school with classes at a vocational school. In 1951, Gagarin entered an industrial technical school, and in 1954 he went to an flying club, where he made his first solo flight in an airplane.

In 1955, Yuri Gagarin began serving in the army, where he happened to get into the military aviation school. Then he served in a fighter aviation regiment, where by 1959 he had flown 265 hours and received the rank of senior lieutenant. Gagarin married in 1957 and raised two daughters in marriage.

Training

Before Gagarin's first flight into space was completed, Yuri had to sign up for the list of applicants for astronauts. Subsequently, he had to go through several medical examinations before he was recognized as fit for space flights and enrolled in a group of candidates. In March 1960, Gagarin and his family moved to a new place of residence in Moscow, where he began intensive preparation for space flights. It was not only physical training, he also had to study many sciences from a wide variety of fields.

In parallel with the training of cosmonauts, the Vostok-1 satellite ship, designed by Sergei Korolev, the founder of practical astronautics, was also being prepared. On it, a year later, Gagarin flew into space. Yuri saw it already in the summer of 1960, then the future cosmonauts were shown the aircraft. At that time, it was a rather complicated device, because in addition to the fact that the ship had to fly into space, its task was also to provide the pilot with the necessary conditions both during the flight and after it.

Spaceship-satellite "Vostok-1"

The satellite ship from the Vostok series deserves special attention, on which Gagarin's first flight into space was made. The device itself is launched by a multi-stage launch vehicle, from which it must separate when it reaches the desired height. The ship consists of two parts: a cockpit, in which the life support systems and a control panel are located, and a second compartment with a brake engine and other devices.

In the cockpit there is a chair in which a catapult is built in, separating it from the ship. In addition, the chair is equipped with a supply of provisions and medicines, a walkie-talkie and even a rescue boat in case of an emergency landing on the water. As you know, the shell of a ship in dense layers of the atmosphere heats up to an incredible temperature, so special thermal protection is provided for this, and the windows are made of heat-resistant glass. We can say that Gagarin's flight into space was thoroughly prepared.

Candidate selection

In total, there were exactly twenty candidates for the first space flight - they were not the best aviation aces and were selected according to specific characteristics. The Queen needed a man under the age of 30, weighing 72 kg and 170 cm tall, in good physical and mental health. Space flights are a rather serious thing, and the cabin of the Vostok-1 spacecraft was designed in such a way that a person with certain physical characteristics could fit in it.

In addition, it was required that the candidate for the first cosmonauts be a communist, and Gagarin had just recently joined the CPSU. Sergei Korolev was in a hurry to send the first man into space, because there were rumors that the Americans intended to do the same already on April 20, 1961. At first, six out of twenty candidates were selected, and the final decision was made at a meeting of the Civil Code almost at the last moment. So, Yuri Gagarin's flight into space was scheduled for April 12, and German Titov was supposed to be his understudy.

Flight

On April 12, 1961, at the beginning of ten o'clock in the morning, the command "Start!" was given, and for the first time a spacecraft with a man on board, propelled by a launch vehicle, set off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on its relatively short journey. During the flight, Yuri Gagarin experimented a bit: he tried to eat and drink, make notes with a pencil, being in a state of weightlessness.

When Vostok-1 passed through the dense layers of the atmosphere, the first cosmonaut was able to see the Earth. According to him, he was most impressed by the view of the horizon, only this time its line separated the planet from the unimaginably black sky. In general, the flight proceeded normally, and during it there were no failures and unforeseen circumstances. Gagarin's flight into space lasted only 108 minutes, during which he managed to make one revolution around our planet.

Return to Earth

At the very end of the journey, during landing, something went wrong in the braking system, so the ship deviated somewhat from the planned course. Despite this, the astronaut made a successful landing. Controlling the parachute lines, he avoided falling into the cold waters of the Volga. This is how Yuri Gagarin's flight into space ended.

The hero was first met by the wife of a local forester and her six-year-old granddaughter, who happened to be near the place of his landing. Then the military arrived there - they delivered the first cosmonaut to the location of the nearby unit, where he was able to contact the leadership and report on the successful completion of the task. The helicopter, looking for Gagarin, picked him up on the way to the city of Engels and delivered him to the base, where he was handed a telegram of congratulations from the Soviet government.

Honors

Initially, there were no plans for grandiose celebrations on the occasion of Gagarin's arrival in Moscow, but at the last moment the plans changed, and the first cosmonaut was met very worthily. Yuri flew to the capital on an Il-18 plane, accompanied by an escort of fighters. Having circled over the city center, over Red Square, the plane delivered Gagarin to Vnukovo airport, where a lot of jubilant people, journalists and the country's leadership were waiting for him. Then Yuri was driven through the streets of Moscow in an open ZIL-111V, and people congratulated him and gave him flowers. On Red Square, it was announced that Gagarin had been awarded the titles "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" and "Hero of Soviet Union". In the future, he made many trips abroad, and everywhere he was received with great joy and respect.

Gagarin in history

The year of Gagarin's flight into space marked the beginning of the era of human exploration of new, previously unexplored spaces. From now on, April 12 has become Cosmonautics Day, and this holiday is celebrated all over the world. And our hero will forever remain the first person to visit space.

As Yuri Gagarin said, the first flight into space is not only his personal responsibility, it is a responsibility to all the people of the world. However, a lot kind words said by this wonderful man. Talking about his impressions of what he saw during the flight, he called for preserving our planet and increasing its beauty.

On April 12, 1961, in the early spring morning, a powerful launch vehicle launched the Vostok spacecraft into orbit with the first cosmonaut of the Earth, a citizen of the Soviet Union, Yuri Gagarin, on board. This day has entered the history of mankind forever. What this day was like and what it gave the Soviet people - in the memoirs of contemporaries, which are shared today by participants in the project "You are a reporter" and bloggers.

The first post-war joy

"My mother was 12 then - and today she burst into tears when she told me about April 12, 1961. And in the memoirs of Yuri Levitan, I read that he could hardly hold back tears 2 times in his life - when he announced the unconditional surrender of the Germans on May 9, 45 , and when Gagarin flew into space" - says anichchka.

People were filled with pride. Completely different worlds opened up. This was probably the first universal post-war joy. In Magnitogorsk, for example, at that time, the little girl Olga Khaenko was very afraid of the war: “I was very afraid of the war, but no one knew about my secret experiences. I didn't know!) ... Without waiting for the continuation, confident that now there would be a DECLARATION OF WAR, I jumped out into the courtyard and stood frozen with goggle eyes and a wildly beating heart. The courtyard began to fill with cheerful neighbors who jumped out, already knowing about Gagarin's flight. Here and I heard the news and was very happy."

General holiday

"Our neighbor, Evgenia Alekseevna Serebryakova, was also overwhelmed with high feelings. And she, children's educator, under the impression of Gagarin's flight, she decided to collect materials about space. We, the neighbors, affectionately called her "cosmonaut". She was not offended and boldly declared that if it were not for the years, she would definitely compete with Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman to have been in near-Earth orbit, "Vladimir Bayatov from Rostov-on-Don shared his memories.

“My mother told me that people poured out into the street that day: completely unfamiliar to each other - hugging, crying)) They pulled out tables into the yards and carried whatever they could on them, celebrating SUCH an event together!” writes vodani4_ey in LiveJournal.

In Brest, as in many other cities, people did not leave the main square that day until nightfall. "When they learned about Gagarin's flight, people rushed to the square. Mostly students of the Brest Pedagogical Institute. They shouted something joyfully, all agitated, celebratory. Soared into the air sparklers. Later, one of the adults said that one such smoldering candle fell on the girl’s white coat and either set it on fire, or simply smeared it with soot. Toward evening, when it got dark enough, a film shifter arrived at the square. A screen was hung on a pole and films about Tsiolkovsky were shown," Tatyana Mukhorovskaya quotes an article in a regional newspaper of that time.

Big and small feats

Despite the fact that April 12 fell in the middle working week, people took to the streets, everyone was in a festive mood, everyone rejoiced, had fun. The holiday has begun in the country. According to the memoirs of Dmitry Yasenkov's grandmother, "the management of the Mosfilm film studio announced to all employees at the film studio that this beautiful day is a significant day for our country. And for the fulfillment and overfulfillment of the plan for April 12, 1961, even an increased bonus was due."

Georgy Andreev from Vologda also talks about the overfulfillment of plans in honor of this holiday: “On April 12, having heard the good news about Gagarin’s flight, senior engineer Mikhail Shmargunov, assistant engineer Sergei Vorobyov and fireman Yuri Tsvetkov decided to dedicate a heavy flight to this event. a train exceeding the norm by 400 tons, ahead of schedule ... mechanic Sergey Kurkov called the editorial office of Krasny Sever at 10.30. - Admired by the achievements of our science! Now I want to move mountains! ... A spontaneous rally also arose on the steps near the main building of the ship repair plant "Now we will overfulfill the tasks with tenfold strength! - the workers decided. - We will also fight for the development of our "river space"!"

"A student of a medical school, Yuri Sicilo, after an announcement on the radio, managed to record the frequencies of the satellite ship, turned on his receiver and transmitted the good news to the Stalingrad region, to a friend from Bulgaria, an acquaintance from Hungary and heard the word "Moon". We were congratulated by foreign radio amateurs, many said, that now not long before the landing of the USSR on the moon," writes Georgy Andreev.

"I was 6 years old, I lived in Kuibyshev. Mom came for me in Kindergarten joyful-joyful and said that Gagarin flew into space. On the way home, she told me that I should do something outstanding that day. Therefore, when I came home, for the first time I myself lit a comforter with a match, "recalls 4may.

The news of this event disrupted even lessons in schools, Vladimir Sokolov told how it was: "The message was transmitted, the broadcast immediately began from Red Square. People carried posters" Yuri is a hero "," All in space ". Of course, no classes in there was almost no school, the teachers only fought off our questions. We were allowed to go home somewhere for a lesson earlier. There was a feeling of absolute unreality of what was happening, like in a dream, when you wait to be woken up."

This event also caught the blogger jkl_jkl at school: "In the middle of the lessons, everyone was gathered in a line. They turned on the loudspeaker at full power, from which a perky, almost boyish voice was heard:" Dear compatriots! "I liked the voice. He must be very beautiful, this Major Gagarin And then the principal of the school announces that all classes are canceled for today, and everyone can go home and watch TV.

"My mother and father got married on 12.4.61. Then there was such an impulse that they left the registry office and said at the same time that they would have an astronaut. But after 3 years I was born. :)" writes orang_m.

The future cosmonaut was born on March 9, 1934 in the Gzhatsk region, the village of Klushino, into a simple peasant family.

Childhood and youth

In 1941 he went to first grade, but the war stopped his studies for 3 years. In 1949, after graduating from the sixth grade, he entered a vocational school in Lyubertsy. Received the specialty of a molder-caster. In 1954 he began to study at the Saratov flying club, where he completed 196 flights. At the same time, he graduated from the Saratov Industrial College with honors.

Military service and studies

In 1955, the young man was called to serve in the army. At this time, he graduated with honors from the first military aviation school for pilots. Served near Murmansk for two years. He flew 265 hours on the MiG-15 bis.

Preparing for the first flight

In 1959, in the Soviet Union, the Air Force actively engaged in the selection of applicants for the first flight into space. There were 20 candidates in total. Cosmonaut training took place in Zvezdny. The best fighter pilots had to have absolute health, professionalism, and stress resistance. The State Commission approved Gagarin's candidacy for a flight to spaceship"East". German Titov was appointed as a reserve cosmonaut.

Space flight

On April 12, 1961, the Vostok spacecraft was launched at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Pilot-cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was on board. "Vostok" completed the flight at 108 minutes, completing one revolution around the Earth. Despite emergency situations, Gagarin ejected and parachuted down two kilometers from the banks of the Volga.

The task of the flight - checking human capabilities in space, technical equipment in flight and the connection of the ship with the earth, was completed.

Life after the flight

The first pilot-cosmonaut became famous all over the world. By invitation, he visited 30 countries, did a lot of public work.

In 1968, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy with the rank of colonel.

In 1966, preparations began for a new space flight under the Union program. Komarov flew on the new ship, and Gagarin was an understudy. Komarov died due to a malfunction of the parachute system.

The death of an astronaut

As the head of the Cosmonaut Training Center, Yuri Alekseevich had the opportunity not to train and not to fly. But he won the right to fly, confirming the qualifications of a fighter pilot.

On March 27, 1968, a plane crash occurred in which Yu.A. Gagarin and V.S. Seregin. The MiG-15 UTN aircraft was performing a training flight near the village of Novoselovo Vladimir region. Hitting a flat spin, it crashed.

The memory of the pilot-cosmonaut

The name of the first cosmonaut has been immortalized with many orders, medals and diplomas.

He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The city of Gzhatsk was renamed Gagarin. Air Force Academy, Saratov Technical University, Orenburg airport, aircraft, cosmonaut training center bear the name of the first cosmonaut.

We will remember this forever courageous man with a beautiful and kind smile.

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