The most interesting human records in space

On April 12, 1961, mankind witnessed how cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin went into orbit and made a 108-minute flight high above the Earth.

Then Gagarin set a kind of record - he was the first man in space. Over the past 50 years, people have made many space records that have expanded the capabilities of man in the cold depths of space.

Below we list just a few of them, starting with the oldest person in space to the present day.

The oldest in space

US Senator John Glenn was 77 years old when he flew aboard the shuttle STS-95 on the Discovery mission in October 1998. This mission was for Glenn the second in a row. In the first, in February 1962, he became the first American to orbit the Earth.

Glenn has another record - the maximum difference between which was 36 years.

The youngest in space

Cosmonaut German Titov was only 26 years old when he first went into orbit aboard a Soviet spaceship Vostok 2 in August 1961. He was the second person in Earth orbit to complete 17 orbits around our planet during his 25 hour flight.

Titov was the first person to sleep in outer space, and, according to the data received, the first to suffer from "space sickness" (sickness in space)

Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov spent 438 days aboard the Mir space station from January 1994 to March 1995. This is not a beaten record by itself long flight man into space.

The shortest space flight

On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American to fly into space. He set a record in this mission that has not been broken to this day: the Saami short space flight of a man into space.

Shepard's suborbital flight lasted only 15 minutes, taking the astronaut to an altitude of 115 miles (185 km). It landed in the Atlantic Ocean just 302 miles (486 km) from the Florida spaceport.

Later, Shepard went to the moon with NASA's Apollo 14 mission. During that flight, the 47-year-old astronaut set another record by becoming the oldest person to walk on the surface of the moon.

The furthest flight

The record for the furthest distance from Earth was unattainable for over forty years. In April 1970, the crew of Apollo 13 headed for the Moon at an altitude of 158 miles (254 km), making a path 248,655 miles (400,171 km) from Earth. This is the farthest flight ever made from Earth.

Longest total time spent in space

Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev still holds this record, with more than 803 days credited during his six space flights. He spent two years and two months in total flying around the Earth.

For women, a similar record is held by NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson, who has spent more than 376 days in space.

Krikalev has another interesting achievement: He is the last citizen and astronaut Soviet Union. When the Mir space station ceased to exist in December 1991, the cosmonaut returned to Earth in Russia, not in the USSR.

About records in space for 60 years, the effect of breastfeeding on intelligence, the superpower of mushrooms and a solar eclipse in our review of science news.

50 years ago Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first person to go public space: On March 18, 1965, he, together with cosmonaut P.I. Belyaev flew into space on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft as a co-pilot. For the first time in the world, Leonov went into outer space, retired from the ship at a distance of up to 5 m, spending 12 minutes in open space. After the flight, the shortest report in the history of cosmonautics was heard at the state commission: "It is possible to live and work in outer space."

The records of the first years of space exploration paved the way for new achievements and discoveries, allowing humanity to step far beyond the limits of the Earth and human capabilities.

oldest man in space
The oldest person to orbit is U.S. Senator John Glenn, who flew aboard the shuttle Discovery into space in 1998. Glenn was one of the so-called first seven American astronauts, he was the first American astronaut to make an orbital space flight on February 20, 1962. Therefore, Glenn holds the record for the longest period between two space flights.

The youngest astronaut
Cosmonaut German Titov was 25 full years old when he went into space on the Vostok-2 spacecraft on August 9, 1961. He became the second person to orbit the Earth, completing 17 orbits around the planet in a 25-hour flight. Titov also became the first person to sleep in space and the first to experience space sickness (loss of appetite, dizziness, headache).

longest space flight
Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov holds the record for the longest stay in space. From 1994 to 1995, he spent 438 days at the Mir station. He also holds the record for the longest solo stay in space.

The shortest flight
On May 5, 1961, Alan Sheppard became the first American to leave Earth in a suborbital space flight. He also holds the record for the shortest flight into space, which lasted only 15 minutes. During this quarter of an hour, he flew to a height of 185 km. It splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean 486 km from the launch site. In 1971, Sheppard went to the moon, where the 47-year-old astronaut became the oldest person stepping on the surface of the Earth's satellite.

The furthest flight
The record for the maximum distance of astronauts from the Earth was set by the Apollo 13 team, which in April 1970 flew over the invisible side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 km, finding itself at a record distance of 400,171 km from the Earth.

Longest in space
Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev spent the longest time in space, spending more than 803 days in space during six flights. Among women, this record belongs to Peggy Whitson, who spent more than 376 days in orbit.

Krikalev also owns another, unofficial record: the last person who lived under the USSR. In December 1991, when the USSR disappeared, Sergei was on board the Mir station, and in March 1992 he returned to Russia.

Longest inhabited spacecraft
This record, which is increasing every day, belongs to the ISS. The $100 billion station has been continuously manned since November 2000.

Longest shuttle mission
The Space Shuttle Columbia launched into space on November 19, 1996. Initially, the descent was scheduled for December 5, but weather conditions delayed the landing of the spacecraft, which spent 17 days and 16 hours in orbit.

Longest on the Moon
Harrison Schmitt and Eugene Cernan were on the moon longer than other astronauts - 75 hours. During the landing, they made three long walks with a total duration of more than 22 hours. This was the last manned mission to the Moon and beyond Earth orbit to date.

The fastest flight
by the most fast people on Earth and beyond became members of the Apollo 10 mission - the last preparatory flight before landing on the moon. Returning to Earth on May 26, 1969, their ship reached a speed of 39,897 km/h.

Most flights
Most often, the Americans flew into space: Fraanklin Chang-Diaz and Jerry Ross flew into space seven times as part of the space shuttle crews.

Maximum number of spacewalks
Cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyov during five space flights in the 80-90s made 16 spacewalks outside the station, spending 82 hours in outer space.

Longest spacewalk
On March 11, 2001, astronauts Jim Voss and Susan Helms spent almost nine hours outside of the Discovery shuttle and the ISS, preparing the station for the arrival of the new module. To this day, that space walk remains the longest in history.

The most representative company in space
13 people gathered in space at once in July 2009, when the shuttle Endeavor landed on the ISS, where there were six astronauts. This meeting became the most massive stay in space of people at the same time.

most expensive spaceship
The International Space Station began to be assembled in 1998, and it was completed in 2012. In 2011, the cost of its creation exceeded $100 billion. The station became the most expensive single technical facility ever built and the largest spacecraft. 15 countries took part in its construction, its dimensions today are almost 110 m. The volume of its living quarters is equivalent to the volume of the passenger compartment of a Boeing 747.

www.gazeta.ru

Breastfeeding affects the child's intelligence

A long-term study by Brazilian scientists led by Bernardo Lessa Horta of the University of Pelotas found that people who were breastfed for longer in infancy had, on average, higher IQs. The scientists described the results of the study in an article published in the journal The Lancet Global Health.

As part of the study, researchers tracked nearly 3,500 children. Most of them were breastfed by their mothers - some for less than a month, some for more than a year. The main comparisons were made between these two groups. The researchers emphasize that the sample contains children from families belonging to different social classes.

In addition to the level of intelligence (it was assessed using the Wechsler test), a relationship was also found with the average level of wages and the level of education. All these parameters were assessed approximately 30 years after birth.

The researchers emphasize that the duration of breastfeeding is not the only factor that affects the level of intelligence. Although, as part of the study, they tried to exclude the influence of factors such as mother's education, family income and birth weight of the child.

It was not the aim of the study to explain the nature of this connection, but Horta suggests that it may be in the nutrients in mother's milk, which have an important effect on the development of the child's brain.

scientificrussia.ru

The help of insects for reproduction is used not only by plants, but also by fungi.

The bioluminescent mushrooms that live near the roots of palm trees in the Amazon jungle glow for a reason. A recent study showed that by doing so, they attract insects that help in the spread of spores.

Neonothopanus gardneri is considered one of the champions in the field of bioluminescence - in the dark it shines brighter than any other of the 71 species of mushrooms capable of glowing. It was discovered back in the middle of the 19th century, but since then researchers have not come across it until 2011, when this rare mushroom was finally discovered again.

After that, he became one of the most attractive objects of biological research, and, of course, scientists were especially interested in his unique abilities for bioluminescence. And recently, an unusual experiment was set up to study the evolutionary foundations of this "superpower".

The researchers made exact plastic replicas of the fruiting bodies of the fungus and placed them in their usual habitat - closer to the roots of trees in the Brazilian jungle. Some of them were left like that, while others were illuminated in the dark by built-in greenish LEDs. Traps located right there were waiting for insects that flocked to these and other plastic mushrooms.

As scientists expected, luminous hats attracted them much more: in five nights, non-luminous copies attracted a total of 12 insects, and luminous ones - 42. For what purpose the mushrooms need insects, it remains to be established exactly, but the authors of the experiment make a quite reasonable assumption : for breeding. Of course, mushrooms are not plants, and you don’t need to pollinate them, but winged creatures are quite capable of spreading spores.

naked-science.ru

The day of the eclipse has come

On Friday, March 20, the inhabitants of our planet are waiting for a rare event - a total solar eclipse. At 12:06 Moscow time, the Moon will begin to obscure the Sun from the western side, at 13:13 it will cover it as much as possible, and at 14:21 it will leave from the northeastern edge. The eclipse parameters were calculated by the Laboratory of Astronomical Yearbooks of the Institute of Applied Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, to whose press service TASS.

It will not be possible to see the complete closure of the solar disk by the Moon passing in front of it on the territory of Russia. For example, in Moscow, only about 65% of the surface will be closed. heavenly body, in St. Petersburg - 78%, in Murmansk - 89%.

The total eclipse will be visible in a strip of only 200 kilometers in the northern part of Atlantic Ocean. Its maximum duration will be 2 minutes 47 seconds off the coast of Iceland, and the width of the shadow will reach 462 kilometers. Of the Russian territories in this strip, only the Svalbard archipelago is located, where an expedition of Russian astronomers is now located.

Total solar eclipses are rare in themselves, and besides, the total closure of the Sun is always visible only from certain areas of our planet. In August 2008, the inhabitants of Russia were lucky, the next time such a chance will appear only in 2061. So for those who want to watch full eclipse before you have to specially go to the desired point on the planet. For example, the current eclipse can be seen from a plane that will take off from Murmansk, fly to the point best view and will return back.

Experts remind you that you can only watch the Sun through tinted glass, otherwise there is a risk of serious eye damage - you can take several pairs of dark glasses, or hold the glass over a candle to get "dark glass", in general, take something not completely transparent .

Space history, as everyone knows, begins about half a century ago. During this period, a lot of interesting record data was recorded. In this article, we present seven major records space plan. So stay with us, read the article to the end.

The farthest space flight

The furthest distance to this moment reached the well-known Voyager 1. He was sent to endless expanses, and he traveled an incredibly long distance during his long journeys. This device was created for the purpose of research solar system and its surrounding areas. It was launched back in 1977, on September 5, and for such a long time of its flight, namely almost 40 years, it managed to move away from the Sun at a distance of more than 19 trillion km. km.

Longest stay in orbit

In view of the appearance of orbital stations, mankind has been given the opportunity to send people into space for periods of more than six months. Sergey Konstantinovich Krikalev, who is a Russian cosmonaut, managed to stay in orbit the longest and became the record holder in this regard. He made his legendary first flight in 1988. After that, he flew five more times to the stars. In total, he spent 803 days 9 hours 42 minutes outside the Earth. However, this is still not a record at the moment, because in 2015 it was beaten by Gennady Padalka, but this remains the property of Russia in terms of space exploration.

Longest stay in open space

A new relay race of achievements of the Soviet Union was opened by Alexei Leonov, who is Soviet pilot, which went beyond the spacecraft during its first flight back in 1965. After that, there were already many exits into outer space, called extravehicular activities. There are over 370 of them in total, and Anatoly Solovyov became the winner here in terms of long stay. He managed to carry out 16 acts of extravehicular activity and eventually broke the record for the duration of being in outer space. It was 82 hours 22 minutes. Anatoly at that moment was in the middle of a vacuum and an eternally cold environment and was performing all kinds of experiments and maintenance work with station equipment.

Kommunalka in orbit

In 1975, for the first time ever, it was possible to dock international spacecraft with astronauts on board. Over forty years of activity, they managed to build all kinds of modules in which the astronauts had the opportunity to conduct experiments within the framework of international cooperation.

Even though there was Soviet program, called "Interkosmos", as well as its counterparts from the United States, the first permanent project of the international plan actually turned out to be the MIR station. In addition to cosmonauts from Russia, shuttle expeditions flew to her, on which there were representatives different countries. But now the record for the number of visits has been broken by the International Space Station. Since 1998, 216 people have visited the laboratories, some of whom have visited the station twice or even three times.

Record holder of astronauts by age

When the first members of the space detachment were still being recruited, the most stringent selection rules were in force for all sorts of restrictions: that and health, and weight, height, and even age. Scientists then only assumed and did not know exactly what awaits the pioneers of space, so it was logical to send young pilots there. For example, Yuri Gagarin was only 27 years old at the time of his flight, and German Titov, who was Yuri's understudy, turned out to be the youngest, because he was only almost 26 years old during takeoff. But over time, the astronauts seemed to get older and older. In 1988, John Glenn flew into space, whose statistics are very, very impressive, right from the time he was the first from the United States to make an orbital flight. He is the first who managed to cross the line of 90 years. At the last flight, he was 77 years old.

Heavyweight

As the space industry developed, there was a need to increase the number and mass of launch vehicles, and subsequently the development of super-heavy launch vehicles arose. Many ideas, so to speak, have sunk into oblivion for some inexplicable reason. For example, there was such a Soviet launch vehicle as Energia. He was capable of launching a payload of 100 tons into orbit, but the USSR collapsed, and this creation was out of work. At the same time, it is worth remembering the past and paying attention to the time of the space race between the two superpowers. It's worth taking a look at the baby. lunar program USA under the name "Saturn-5". For the flight to the Moon of modules capable of returning to Earth, an extremely huge power was needed, and the Wernher von Braun apparatus had a carrying capacity of 140 tons, which gave it the right to be called a champion in terms of heavyweight.

The fastest people

A school physics course tells us that in order for an object to leave the orbit of another body, it is necessary to reach the second cosmic velocity, which can provide an opportunity to overcome gravity gravitational force. The American program for the exploration of the moon assumed that it was necessary to achieve the second earth space velocity. If in order to fly to the ISS it is necessary to gain speed of 8 km/s, to send to the Moon it will be necessary to reach 11 km/s. During the period of the Apollo 10 mission, three astronauts could move through space at a speed of 39,897 km/h relative to the Earth. Their names were John Young, Thomas Stafford and Eugene Senan. They managed to reach even 11082 m/s at the time of their return to the planet. To understand how much this is, one should imagine the time required to travel from Moscow to St. Petersburg. The distance between these great cities is 634 km, and it follows that the astronauts would fly from one city to another in 58 seconds.

Such interesting records, it turns out, were made by people in terms of space exploration. These are truly magnificent results, although even greater ones can now be achieved. But still, they remained in history as one of the main records for the entire period of space exploration, which can serve as a reason for pride.

Number of flights - 7
Flight duration - 066 days 18 hours 16 minutes 40 seconds.
Number of spacewalks - 3
Duration of work in open space - 19 hours 31 minutes.
Status - Former Astronaut NASA

1. January 12 - 18, 1986 as a flight specialist for the shuttle Columbia STS-61C.
2. October 18 - 23, 1989 as a flight specialist for the Atlantis STS-34 shuttle.
3. July 31 - August 8, 1992 as a flight specialist for the Atlantis STS-46 shuttle.
4. February 3 - 11, 1994 as a flight specialist for the Discovery STS-60 shuttle.
5. February 22 - March 9, 1996 as a flight specialist for the Columbia STS-75 shuttle.
6. June 2 - 12, 1998 as a flight specialist for the Discovery STS-91 shuttle.
7. June 5 - 19, 2002 as a flight-2 (MS-2) specialist of the Endeavor STS-111 shuttle.

Jerry Lynn Ross

Number of flights - 7
Flight duration - 58 days 1 hour 1 minute 24 seconds.
Number of spacewalks - 9
The duration of work in outer space is 58 hours 14 minutes.
Status - Astronaut Manager (Management Astronaut) NASA

1. November 27 - December 3, 1985 as a flight specialist for the Atlantis STS-61B shuttle.
2. December 2 - 6, 1988 as a flight specialist for the Atlantis STS-27 shuttle.
3. April 5 - 11, 1991 as a flight specialist for the Atlantis STS-37 shuttle.
4. April 26 - May 6, 1993 as a flight specialist for the Columbia STS-55 shuttle.
5. November 12 - 20, 1995 as a flight specialist for the Atlantis STS-74 shuttle.
6. December 4 - 16, 1998 as a flight specialist for the shuttle Endeavor STS-88.
7. April 8 - 19, 2002 as a flight specialist for the Atlantis STS-110 shuttle.

John Watts Young

Number of flights - 6
Flight duration - 373 days 18 hours 22 minutes 51 seconds.

The duration of work in outer space is 22 hours 44 minutes.
Status - NASA Active Astronaut

1. March 24 - April 2, 1992 as a flight specialist for the Atlantis STS-45 shuttle.
2. April 8 - 17, 1993 as a flight specialist for the Discovery STS-56 shuttle.
3. February 3 - 11, 1995 as a flight specialist for the Discovery STS-63 shuttle.
4. May 15 = October 6, 1997 Of these, since May 17 - as a flight engineer-2 as part of the 23rd and 24th expeditions at the Mir station. Arrived at the station on the Atlantis STS-84 shuttle, returned to Earth on the Atlantis STS-86 shuttle.
5. December 20 - 28, 1999 as a flight-4 (MS-4) specialist of the Discovery STS-103 shuttle.
6. October 18, 2003 - April 30, 2004 as the ISS Expedition 8 crew commander. Start and landing on the Soyuz TMA-3 spacecraft as a flight engineer.

Number of flights - 6
Flight duration - 53 days 10 hours 4 minutes 45 seconds.
Number of spacewalks - 4
The duration of work in open space is 25 hours 52 minutes.
Status - NASA astronaut

1. April 4 - 9, 1983 as a flight specialist for the Challenger STS-6 shuttle.
2. July 29 - August 6, 1985 as a flight specialist for the Challenger STS-51F shuttle.
3. November 23 - 28, 1989 as a flight specialist for the Discovery STS-33 shuttle.
4. November 24 - December 1, 1991 as a flight specialist for the Atlantis STS-44 shuttle.
5. December 2 - 13, 1993 as a flight specialist for the shuttle Endeavor STS-61. During the flight he performed three spacewalks:
6. November 19 - December 7, 1996 as a flight specialist for the Columbia STS-80 shuttle.

James Donald Wetherbee

Number of flights - 6
Flight duration - 66 days 10 hours 30 minutes 15 seconds.
Status - former astronaut (Former Astronaut) NASA

1. January 9 - 20, 1990 as pilot of Columbia STS-32 shuttle.
2. October 22 - November 1, 1992 as the crew commander of the shuttle Columbia STS-52.
3. 3 - February 11, 1995 as the commander of the crew of the shuttle Discovery STS-63.
4. September 26 - October 6, 1997 as crew commander of the Atlantis STS-86 shuttle.
5. March 8 - 21, 2001 as crew commander of the Discovery STS-102 shuttle.
6. November 24 - December 7, 2002 as the crew commander of the shuttle Endeavor STS-113.

On March 27, Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka made his fifth space flight to the International Space Station in Earth orbit, with a total flight time of 710 days.

Today, pilot-cosmonaut Padalka is on the ISS, his return to Earth is scheduled for September 11, 2015, and upon his return to Earth, the duration of his “space raid” will increase to 878 days! This will fix new world record for being in Earth orbit person.

Did you know that until 2015, the world record for staying in orbit belonged to the Soviet pilot-cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, today the Deputy General Director of TsNIIMASH, the head scientific institute of Roscosmos (previously Krikalev served as head of the Cosmonaut Training Center).

Sergey Krikalev's comments on the new orbital record

The ex-head of the CTC Sergey Krikalev, who set the previous record for being in orbit, commented on the achievement of his compatriot, thanks to which a new bar was taken to conquer space. S. Krikalev, who has six space flights under his belt, worked in space for 803 days, 9 hours and 41 minutes, first on the Russian space station Mir, and then on the ISS. Thus, he overcame the six-year-old record of his neighbor and friend, the Soviet pilot-cosmonaut Sergei Andreev, who worked in space for 747 days.

Dialogue with the previous record holder

Sergey Konstantinovich, how unexpected is this event for you?

- Not unexpected at all. We planned so.

Have you made any kind of bet with a colleague about this?

- Not. There was no wager.

What is the difficulty of achieving such a record?

- The difficulty is that you need to dedicate a fairly large piece of your life to this. A record is not set for the sake of a record. This is not a record of who will spit further and who will jump further. This is a record that is achieved by itself over many years of work.

Does it affect health?

- Every day of the flight affects health. But when these days are few, it's okay.

And how does this manifest itself?

- Thick volumes of books have been written on this subject. What is the effect of weightlessness on the human body, how does it change with time, how does it change with the number of flights, how does it change with age. These are all serious, significant impacts. After each flight, a certain rehabilitation and restoration of health is required. Therefore, it is not an easy job. I made a flight in which a record was set. By the way, this record has not been recorded for a long time. international organizations. However, this has recently been done. Now it's good that a new record has been set. That's the way it should be. Records are set for that, so that they continue to be beaten. It's good that this record also belongs to Russia.

Why do you think astronauts from other countries do not set such records?

- Such records can only be set by American cosmonauts, who flew like us for quite a long time. They just had a lot of short flights, and we have more long flights.

Yesterday the Falcon rocket exploded, did it somehow affect the work of the crew?

- Not. It didn't affect it directly. Some things are still being clarified, but they will not directly affect the crew.

We remind you that Sergey Krikalev carried out the following flights:

1. On Soyuz TM-7 in 1988-1989.
2. On Soyuz TM-12 and Soyuz TM-13 in 1991-1992.
3. Flight on Discovery STS-63 in 1994.
4. S. Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut on a shuttle to fly on STS-88 in 1998.
5. Flights as part of the first main expedition to the ISS in 2000.
6. Flight as part of Expedition 11 to the ISS in 2005.

To date, Krikalev is the Deputy General Director of TsNIIMASH, the head scientific institute of Roscosmos. The former record holder made a statement that he would visit the Mission Control Center without fail to personally congratulate his compatriot Gennady Padalka on setting a new world record. TASS quotes Krikalev: “I will do it with iron.

It is worth noting that the agency's source in the rocket and space field explained that in order for the new record to receive official recognition, cosmonaut Gennady Padalka needs to spend time in orbit that exceeds the total time of the previous record holder (Krikalev) by 5%. For these reasons, a new achievement will be registered only in the first half of August.

Biography of cosmonaut Gennady Padalka

But let's get back to our hero, Gennady Ivanovich Padalka, who set a new world record, was born on June 21, 1958 in Krasnodar. In 1979 he graduated from the Yeisk Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots. V.M. Komarov, specialty "Command-tactical" fighter-bomber aviation." After graduating from the aviation school, he served as a pilot and senior pilot from December 1979 to April 1989. Before Gennady Padalka was enrolled in the ranks of cosmonauts, behind him was the development of the MiG-17, MiG-15 UTI, L-29, Su-24, Su-7 BM, Su-7U, Su-7B, while the total the flight time was about 1200 hours. Air Force paratrooper instructor, 1st class military pilot. In 1994 he graduated from the UNESCO International Center for Learning Systems, studied at the Faculty of Aerospace Ecology State Academy oil and gas. She was awarded a master's degree in environmental management and the qualification "environmental engineer". Gennady Padalka is married and has three daughters.

It should be recalled that the International Space Station previously set a world record for the stay of a person on board - the Russian pilot-cosmonaut again became the record holder. The previous record was 3,641 days on board, set by Russia's Mir Orbital Complex. For nearly a decade, astronauts have been working on board orbital station. The stay lasted from September 8, 1989 to August 28, 1999. The ISS in early November will celebrate a holiday - the tenth anniversary of the continuous stay of astronauts on board the station.

During the operation of the Mir station, Russian pilot-cosmonauts set absolute world records for the duration of human stay in space flight conditions. Let's find out how long the astronauts spent continuously in space flight

Here are the record numbers:

1. Yuri Romanenko spent 326 days, 11 hours and 38 minutes in orbit in 1987.
2. Vladimir Titov together with Musa Manarov stayed at the station for 365 days 22 hours 39 minutes.
3. 1995 - Valery Polyakov spent 437 days, 17 hours and 58 minutes in orbit.

How much is the total time spent by astronauts in space flight

It was the Russian station "Mir" that set and officially recorded absolute world records in relation to the total time of the duration of a person's stay in space flight conditions.

Previous human orbit records:

• 1995 - cosmonaut Valery Polyakov - overcame the mark of 678 days 16 hours 33 minutes. This is the duration of two flights.
• 1999 - Sergey Avdeev - the total time for three flights was 747 days 14 hours 12 minutes.

We can be proud of our compatriots!