More than 60 years have passed since the first man went into space. Since then, more than 500 people have been there, more than 50 of them women. Representatives of 36 countries visited the orbit of our planet. Unfortunately, there were some casualties on this glorious path of mankind.

In Russia and the United States, the first cosmonauts were recruited from among military pilots. But it soon became clear that other professions were in demand in space. There were doctors, engineers, biologists. Every astronaut is, without a doubt, a hero. However, this group has the most famous people whose fame is truly worldwide.

Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968). On April 12, 1961, the Vostok-1 spacecraft was launched from Baikonur with the first cosmonaut in history on board. In orbit, Gagarin did the simplest experiments - he ate, drank, took notes. The control of the ship was almost completely automatic - after all, no one knew how a person would behave in the new conditions. The astronaut completed 1 revolution around the Earth, which took 108 minutes. The landing took place at Saratov region. Thanks to this flight, Gagarin gained worldwide fame. He was awarded the extraordinary rank of major, as well as the title of Hero Soviet Union. The day of the historical flight began to be celebrated as Cosmonautics Day. April 12, 1961 forever changed the life of mankind and Gagarin himself. He became a living symbol. The first cosmonaut visited about 30 countries, received many prizes and awards. Social activity affected flight practice. In 1968, Gagarin began to catch up, but on March 27, his plane lost contact and crashed into the ground. Together with the first cosmonaut, the instructor Seregin also died.

Valentina Tereshkova (born 1937). The first successful flights of Soviet cosmonauts gave rise to the idea of ​​the chief designer Sergei Korolev to launch a woman into space. Since 1962, applicants have been selected throughout the country. Of the five prepared candidates, it was Tereshkova who was chosen, also due to her working background. The woman-cosmonaut made her first flight on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft. Stay in space took three days. But in flight there were problems with the orientation of the ship. It turned out that Tereshkova did not feel the best way, since female physiology makes itself felt in space. Scientists knew about this, placing Valentina in the list of candidates only in 5th place because of this. However, Khrushchev and Korolev did not listen to the medical commission. Vostok-6 landed in the Altai Territory. Until 1997, Valentina Tereshkova served as an instructor-cosmonaut. Then she moved to the Cosmonaut Training Center. The first female astronaut led a wealthy public and state activity, being a people's deputy in the highest bodies of various convocations. Tereshkova manages to remain the only woman who has made a space flight alone.

Alexei Leonov (born 1934). He has number 11 on the list of Soviet cosmonauts. Glory to Leonov was brought by his flight into space in the status of a co-pilot on spaceship"Voskhod-2" March 18-19, 1965. An astronaut made the first spacewalk in history outer space, which lasted 12 minutes 9 seconds. During those historical moments, Leonov showed exceptional composure - after all, his spacesuit was swollen, which prevented him from going into space. The ship landed in the remote taiga, the astronauts spent two days in the cold. From 1965 to 1969, Leonov was part of a group of cosmonauts preparing to fly around the moon and land on it. It was this astronaut who was planned to become the first to set foot on the surface of the Earth's satellite. But the USSR lost that race, and the project was curtailed. In 1971, Leonov was supposed to fly into space on the Soyuz-11, but the crew was replaced due to health problems with one of its members. The flight of understudies - Dobrovolsky, Volkov and Patsaev ended in their death. But in 1975, Leonov again went into space, he led the docking of the ships of the two countries (the Soyuz-Apollo project). In 1970-1991, Leonov worked at the Cosmonaut Training Center. This man also became famous for his talent as an artist. He created a whole series of stamps on space theme. Leonov became twice Hero of the Soviet Union, several films were made about him. documentaries. A crater on the Moon is named after an astronaut.

Neil Armstrong (b. 1930). By the time he was enrolled in the group of astronauts, Armstrong had already managed to fight in the Korean War, having won combat awards. In March 1968, Armstrong made his first trip to space as the commander of Gemini 8. During that flight, docking with another spacecraft, the Agena rocket, was made for the first time. In July 1969, Apollo 11 was launched and the historic mission - the landing on the moon. On July 20, Neil Armstrong and pilot Edwin Aldrin landed their lunar module in the area of ​​the Sea of ​​Tranquility. In orbit, the main module with Michael Collins was waiting for them. Stay on the surface of the moon took 21.5 hours. The astronauts also made an exit to the lunar surface, lasting 2.5 hours. Neil Armstrong was the first person to set foot there. Having risen to the surface, the astronaut uttered the historical phrase: "This is only one small step for a person, but a huge leap for all mankind." The UST flag was planted on the Moon, soil samples were collected, and scientific instruments were installed. Aldrin became the second person to walk on the moon. Upon their return to Earth, the astronauts were awaited by world fame. Armstrong himself served at NASA until 1971, after which he taught at the university and was a member of the National Space Committee.

Vladimir Komarov (1927-1967). The profession of an astronaut is quite dangerous. Since the beginning of flights, 22 cosmonauts have died during preparation, takeoffs and landings. The first of them, Valentin Bondarenko, burned down in a fire in the pressure chamber 20 days before Gagarin's flight. The most shocking was the death of the Challenger in 1986, which claimed the lives of 7 American astronauts. However, the first cosmonaut who died directly during the flight was Vladimir Komarov. His first flight took place in 1964, together with Konstantin Feoktistov and Boris Yegorov. For the first time in the composition of the ship, the crew did without spacesuits, and in addition to the pilot, an engineer and a doctor were on board. In 1965, Komarov was a member of the Soyuz program preparation group. Gagarin himself became an understudy. Those years were marked by an insane political space race. Soyuz became its victim, having many shortcomings. April 23, 1967 "Soyuz-1" with Komarov on board rose into space. But at the end of the main parachute did not open, the descent vehicle crashed into the ground at great speed in Orenburg region. Even the astronaut's remains were not immediately recognized. The urn with the ashes of Komarov was buried in the Kremlin wall on Red Square.

Toyohiro Akiyama (born 1942). There is no doubt that in the future astronautics will become commercialized. The idea of ​​sending non-governmental tourists into space has been in the sky for a long time. The first sign could be the American Christa McAuliffe, however, during her first and last start, she died while on board the Challenger on January 28, 1986. The first space tourist to pay for his own flight was Dennis Tito in 2001. However, the era of paid travel outside the Earth began even earlier. On December 2, 1990, the Soyuz TM-11 took off into the sky, on board of which, together with the Soviet cosmonauts Afanasiev and Manarov, was the Japanese journalist Toyohiro Akiyama. He became the first representative of his country in space and the first for whose flight an NGO paid money. Television company TBS celebrated its 40th anniversary in this way, paying from 25 to 38 million dollars for the stay of its employee in orbit. The flight of the Japanese lasted almost 8 days. During this time, he showed the insufficiency of his training, which manifested itself in a disorder of the vestibular apparatus. Akiyama also did several reports for Japan, TV lessons for schoolchildren, and biological experiments.

Yang Liwei (b. 1965) Another superpower, China, could not interfere in the space race between the USSR and the SA. Taylor Wang was the first ethnic Chinese to go into space in 1985. However, Beijing has been running its own program for a long time, starting as early as 1956. At the end of the summer of 2003, three astronauts were selected, who were preparing for the first launch. The public learned the name of the first taikonaut only a day before the flight. On October 15, 2003, the Changzheng (Long March) launch vehicle launched the Shenzhou-5 spacecraft into orbit. The next day, the cosmonaut landed in the region of Inner Mongolia. During this time, he made 14 revolutions around the Earth. Yang Liwei immediately became a national hero of China. He received the title "Hero of Space", and even an asteroid was named after him. This flight showed the seriousness of China's plans. So, in 2011, an orbital station was launched, and even the United States was left behind in terms of the number of launches of space objects.

John Glenn (b. 1921). This pilot also took part in the Korean War, even making three victories in the sky. In 1957, Glenn set the record for a transcontinental flight. But he is not remembered for this. The glory of the first American astronaut is divided between John Glenn and Alan Shepard. But his flight, on May 5, 1961, became the first, but suborbital. And on July 21, 1961, Glenn made the first full-fledged orbital flight for the United States. His "Mercury-6" made three revolutions around the Earth in 5 hours. Upon his return, Glenn became a US national hero. In 1964, he left the astronaut corps, going into business and politics. From 1974 to 1999, Glenn was a Senator from Ohio, and in 1984 he even became a presidential candidate. On October 29, 1998, the astronaut again ascended into space, fulfilling the role of a payload specialist. At that time, John Glenn was 77 years old. He became not only the oldest cosmonaut, but also set a record for the time between flights - 36 years. The flight of a crew of 7 people took almost 9 days, during which time the Shuttle made 135 revolutions around the Earth.

Sergei Krikalev (born 1958). Two people - Jerry Ross and Franklin Chang-Diaz have been in space 7 times. But the record for time spent in orbit belongs to a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut. He launched into the sky 6 times, spending a total of 803 days in space. Having received higher education, Krikalev worked in ground flight control services. In 1985, he was already selected for space flights. His first start took place in 1988 as part of an international crew with Alexander Volkov and Frenchman Jean-Louis Chretien. For almost six months they worked at the Mir station. The second flight took place in 1991. Krikalev remained on the Mir contrary to his original plans, remaining to work with the new crew. As a result, during the first two flights, the cosmonaut had already spent more than a year and three months in space. During this time, he also made 7 spacewalks. In February 1994, Krikalev became the first Russian to take to the skies on the American Shuttle. It was our compatriot who was appointed to the first crew of the ISS, having been there in 1998 on the shuttle Endeavor. Even the new, XXI century, Sergei Krikalev met in orbit. The astronaut made his last flight in 2005, having lived on the ISS for six months.

Valery Polyakov (born 1942). Polyakov's profession is a doctor, he became a doctor of medical sciences and a professor. In the history of the USSR and Russia, Polyakov became cosmonaut No. 66. It is he who holds the record for the longest stay in space. Polyakov spent 437 days and 18 hours in Earth's orbit during 1994-1995. And the astronaut made his first flight back in 1988, being above the Earth from August 29, 1988 to April 27, 1989. That flight lasted 240 days, for which Valery Polyakov received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The second record has already become a record, for which the cosmonaut received the title of Hero of Russia. In total, Polyakov spent 678 days in space, yielding to only three people - Krikalev, Kaleri and Avdeev.

From time immemorial, mankind has sought to fly. Perhaps it was their most desired dream. With the formation of modern civilization, people wanted not just to fly, but to reach the enchanting haze outer space. And finally, the Soviet cosmonauts were able to realize the desire of mankind to go into outer space!

The first cosmonaut of the Soviet Union was Yuri Gagarin, which entered forever into world history. Preparations for the flight of the world's first man lasted a little over a year, and, behold, on April 12, 1961, this historic moment took place. They met the pilot on Earth, as befits, to meet the heroes of the fatherland. Later, Gagarin was awarded many ranks and awards. The flight of a Soviet cosmonaut into space was soon repeated by an astronaut from the United States. After that, the struggle began to launch the first woman astronaut into space.

An event of unprecedented scale was the flight of the first girl of the Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. Her journey to the stars began with the fact that by the age of 25 she was enrolled in the ranks of astronauts and, along with other girls, was preparing for flight into orbit. During the training, the project leaders noticed the activity of Valentina Tereshkova and her diligence, as a result of which she was appointed senior in the women's group. After only 1 year of training, she went to space trip, which remained forever in the history books - the first space flight of a woman.

The Soviet Union did not just launch the first cosmonaut into orbit, but opened a new milestone in the evolution of human technology and the level of development of mankind as a whole. were the first in everything that was connected with astronautics. Our state possessed the best technologies in the field of astronautics. We were the first not only in launching astronauts. The state held the world championship in the future in the field of launching manned flights and the operation of orbital stations.

We must pay tribute to the heroes of the Soviet Union - the cosmonauts - for their courage and devotion to their dream. They marked the beginning new era humanity - space. But do not forget about those outstanding Russian scientists who have invested in this matter not only labor and time, but also a particle of their soul. The achievements of Russian cosmonautics are worthy of being written about in history books.

Boris Valentinovich Volynov (b. 1934) - Soviet cosmonaut, twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

early years

Boris Volynov was born in Irkutsk on 18.12.1934. However, soon his mother was transferred to another place of work - to the city of Prokopyevsk Kemerovo region and the whole family moved there. Until 1952, the boy studied at the regular high school, and already in early years he was inspired by the idea of ​​becoming a pilot.

No sooner said than done: after school, Volynov went to Pavlodar, to the local military aviation school. Then he continued his education at the Stalingrad (now Volgograd) military aviation school. After training, he served as a pilot in Yaroslavl, later becoming a senior pilot.

Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev (1925 - 1970) - Soviet cosmonaut number 10, Hero of the USSR.

Pavel Belyaev is also known as an athlete and participant in the Soviet-Japanese War of 1945.

early years

Pavel Belyaev was born in the village of Chelishchevo, which today belongs to the Vologda region on 06/26/1925. He studied at a school in the city of Kamensk-Uralsky, after which he went to work as a turner at a factory. However, a year later he decided to devote himself to military affairs, as a result of which he entered the Yeisk Military Aviation School. So he became a pilot.

The Great Patriotic War had ended by that time (1945), but Far East there were still military operations against Japan, and the young pilot went there.

Vladimir Dzhanibekov (Krysin) (b. 05/13/1942) is a very interesting representative of the national cosmonautics.

This is a man who has made several records in space flights. Firstly, he made a record number of flights in the USSR - five. Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev flew as many as six times, but this was already after the collapse of the USSR.

Secondly, in all five of his flights he was the commander. This record has not yet been surpassed by any cosmonaut in the world, and only James Weatherby repeated it, and even then only in his sixth flight, since he was not the commander in the first. Thus, Vladimir Dzhanibekov is the most experienced Soviet cosmonaut.

Valery Kubasov (1935 - 2014) - famous Soviet cosmonaut. He is known as a space flight engineer, and also as a participant in the famous Apollo-Soyuz program, during which the space stations of the two "superpowers" were docked.

Biography

Valery Kubasov was born in the city of Vyazniki, which Vladimir region. He also went to school there. Since childhood, he dreamed of building airplanes, so after school he went to Moscow aviation institute. Like many cosmonauts, Kubasov was an aviator in the early stages of his life.

Svetlana Savitskaya - test pilot, cosmonaut, Hero of the USSR (twice).

Probably everyone in the world knows who Valentina Tereshkova is. However, even after her, women continued to conquer space. Just next, after Tereshkova and the second female cosmonaut, was Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya.

She was a brilliant pilot, participated in two space expeditions, the first, among women, went into outer space and carried out work there, she became the only woman twice awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union. But first things first.

Viktor Gorbatko Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Major-General of Aviation.

Quite recently, on May 17, 2017, a well-known not only in Russia but also abroad pilot - cosmonaut Viktor Vasilyevich Gorbatko passed away.

This man participated in three space expeditions in his life, was one of the first chess players who played games between space and Earth. He is 21st Soviet pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

Apart from huge amount Soviet awards, received awards from five countries, and for the last 16 years of his life he was the president of the Union of Philatelists of Russia.

Komarov Vladimir Mikhailovich (1927 - 1967) cosmonaut, twice Hero of the USSR, test pilot

Childhood and years of study

Vladimir Mikhailovich was born on March 16, 1927. He grew up in a poor janitor family. From an early age, he stared at the planes flying in the sky and launched kites from the roof of the house. Hometown- Moscow.

From the age of 7, he has been studying at the 235th school, which currently bears the number 2107. Having completed a seven-year course there general education in 1943, at the height of the Great Patriotic War, he made the fateful decision to become a pilot.

To implement his plan, he enrolled in the first Moscow special school of the USSR Air Force. In it, Vladimir Mikhailovich masters the initial skills of flying.

Two years later, in 1945, he successfully graduated from the Air Force School.

Volkov Vladislav Nikolaevich, Soviet pilot - cosmonaut number 20.

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Commander of the Orders of Lenin and the Golden Star.

He made two space flights and stayed in space for 28 days and a little more than 17 hours.

short biography

Vladislav Nikolaevich Volkov was born on November 23, 1935 in Moscow in a family, all members of which were professionally engaged in aviation. His father was a leading engineer - designer of the largest aviation enterprise, his mother worked there in the design bureau.

It is natural that Vladislav dreamed of aviation since childhood. After graduating from Moscow school number 212 in 1953, he simultaneously enters the famous MAI - the forge of Soviet aviation engineers and, at the flying club.

Classes both at the institute and at the flying club were very successful.

Popovich Pavel Romanovich - Soviet pilot-cosmonaut number 4 from the first "Gagarin" detachment, a legend of Russian cosmonautics. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

short biography

The biography of cosmonaut Popovich is not much different from the biography of his peers. Pavel Popovich was born in October 1929 in the village of Uzin. Kiev region in Ukraine. His parents were ordinary people.

Father Roman Porfiryevich Popovich comes from a peasant family, all his life he worked as a stoker at a local sugar factory. Mother Feodosia Kasyanovna was born into a wealthy family, but rich relatives abandoned her after her marriage, and large family Popovich had a pretty hard time.

Pavel learned from early childhood what hard work is - he had to work as a shepherd, to be a nanny in a strange family. hard years German occupation left an imprint on the appearance of Paul - at the age of 13 he became gray-haired. But, despite all the hardships of post-war childhood, the boy grew up very smart, inquisitive and was an excellent student.

,

commander of the Vostok-2 spacecraft

03. NIKOLAEV Andriyan Grigorievich (September 5, 1929 - July 3, 2004) - Wikipedia,

commander of the Vostok-3 and Soyuz-9 spacecraft

04. POPOVICH Pavel Romanovich (October 5, 1930 - September 30, 2009) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Vostok-4 and Soyuz-14 spacecraft

05. BYKOVSKY Valery Fedorovich (born August 2, 1934) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Vostok-5 and Soyuz-22 spacecraft

06. NIKOLAEV-TERESHKOVA Valentina Vladimirovna (born March 6, 1937) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
the world's first female cosmonaut, commander of the Vostok-6 spacecraft

07. KOMAROV Vladimir Mikhailovich (March 16, 1927 - April 24, 1967) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Voskhod and Soyuz-1 spacecraft

08. FEOKTISTOV Konstantin Petrovich (February 7, 1926 - November 21, 2009) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
researcher, crew member of the Voskhod spacecraft

09. EGOROV Boris Borisovich (November 26, 1937 - September 12, 1994) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
doctor, crew member of the Voskhod spacecraft

10. BELYAEV Pavel Ivanovich (June 26, 1925 - January 10, 1970) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Voskhod-2 spacecraft

11. LEONOV Alexey Arkhipovich (born May 30, 1934) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
the first person to go into outer space, the co-pilot of the Voskhod-2 spacecraft and the commander of the Soyuz-19 spacecraft

12. BEREGOVOI Georgy Timofeevich (April 15, 1921 - June 30, 1995) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
the only one who was awarded the first star of the Hero for the Great Patriotic war, and the second - for the flight into space, the commander of the Soyuz-3 spacecraft

13. SHATALOV Vladimir Alexandrovich (born December 8, 1927) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
Commander of Soyuz-4, Soyuz-8 and Soyuz-10 spacecraft

14. VOLYNOV Boris Valentinovich (born December 18, 1934) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Soyuz-5 and Soyuz-21 spacecraft

15. ELISEEV Alexey Stanislavovich (born July 13, 1934) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
flight engineer of Soyuz-4, Soyuz-5, Soyuz-8 and Soyuz-10 spacecraft

16. KhRUNOV Evgeny Vasilyevich (September 10, 1933 - May 19, 2000) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
research engineer, crew member of Soyuz-4, Soyuz-5 spacecraft

17. SHONIN Georgy Stepanovich (August 3, 1935 - April 6, 1997) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
Soyuz-6 spacecraft commander

18. KUBASOV Valery Nikolaevich (January 7, 1935 - February 19, 2014) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
flight engineer of the Soyuz-6, Soyuz-19 spacecraft and commander of the Soyuz-36 spacecraft

19. FILIPCHENKO Anatoly Vasilievich (born February 26, 1928) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Soyuz-7 and Soyuz-16 spacecraft

20. VOLKOV Vladislav Nikolaevich (November 23, 1935 - June 30, 1971) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
flight engineer of Soyuz-7 and Soyuz-11 spacecraft

21. Gorbatko Viktor Vasilyevich (born December 3, 1934) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
research engineer on the Soyuz-7 spacecraft, commander of the Soyuz-24 (Salyut-5) and Soyuz-37 (Salyut-6) spacecraft

22. SEVASTYANOV Vitaly Ivanovich (July 8, 1935 - April 5, 2010) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
flight engineer of Soyuz-9 and Soyuz-18 spacecraft

23. RUKAVISHNIKOV Nikolai Nikolaevich (September 18, 1932 - October 19, 2002) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
test engineer on the Soyuz-10 spacecraft, flight engineer of the Soyuz-16 spacecraft and commander of the Soyuz-33 spacecraft

24. Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich (June 1, 1928 - June 30, 1971) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Soyuz-11 spacecraft

25. PATSAYEV Viktor Ivanovich (June 19, 1933 - June 30, 1971) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
test engineer on the Soyuz-11 spacecraft

1. The very first astronaut in the history of mankind Yuri Gagarin went to conquer space on April 12, 1961 on the Vostok-1 spacecraft. His flight lasted 108 minutes. Gagarin was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, he was awarded the "Volga" with the numbers 12-04 SAG - this is the date of the flight and the initials of the first cosmonaut.

2. First female astronaut Valentina Tereshkova flew into space on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft. In addition, Tereshkova is the only woman who has made a solo flight, all the rest flew only as part of crews.

3.Alexey Leonov- the first person to go into outer space on March 18, 1965. The duration of the first exit was 23 minutes, of which the cosmonaut spent 12 minutes outside the spacecraft. During his stay in outer space, his spacesuit swelled and prevented him from returning to the ship. The cosmonaut managed to enter only after Leonov bled excess pressure from the spacesuit, while he climbed inside the ship head first, and not legs, as was supposed to be according to the instructions.

4. The first American astronaut to set foot on the lunar surface Neil Armstrong July 21, 1969 at 2:56 GMT. Joined him 15 minutes later Edwin Aldrin. In total, the astronauts spent two and a half hours on the Moon.

5. The world record for the number of spacewalks belongs to a Russian cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyov. He made 16 exits with a total duration of more than 78 hours. Solovyov's total flying time in space was 651 days.

6. The youngest astronaut is German Titov He was 25 at the time of the flight. In addition, Titov is also the second Soviet astronaut in space and the first person to make a long (more than a day) space flight. The astronaut made a flight lasting 1 day 1 hour from August 6 to 7, 1961.

7. The oldest astronaut who has made a space flight is considered an American John Glenn. He was 77 years old when he flew on the Discovery STS-95 in October 1998. In addition, Glenn set a kind of unique record - he had a break between flights into space for 36 years (the first time he was in space in 1962).

8. American astronauts have been on the moon the longest. Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmit as part of the Apollo 17 crew in 1972. In total, the astronauts were on the surface of the earth's satellite for 75 hours. During this time, they made three exits to the lunar surface with a total duration of 22 hours. They were the last to walk on the moon and, according to some reports, left a small disk on the moon with the inscription "Here man completed the first stage of the exploration of the moon, December 1972."

9. The first space tourist was an American multimillionaire Dennis Tito, which went into space on April 28, 2001. At the same time, a Japanese journalist is considered de facto the first tourist. Toyohiro Akiyama, which was paid for by the Tokyo Television Company in December 1990. In general, a person whose flight was paid for by any organization cannot be considered a space tourist.

10. The first British astronaut was a woman - Helena Sharmen(Helen Sharman), which took off on May 18, 1991 as part of the Soyuz TM-12 crew. She is considered the only astronaut who flew into space as an official representative of the UK, all the others had, in addition to British citizenship, another country. Interestingly, before becoming an astronaut, Sharmen worked as a chemical technologist at a confectionery factory and responded to an appeal about competitive selection participants space flight in 1989. Of the 13,000 participants, it was she who was chosen, after which she began training in Star City near Moscow.

List of cosmonauts - participants in space flights- List of astronauts participants space flights, excluding USA and USSR (Russia) Alphabetical list cosmonauts participating in space flights, excluding the USA and the USSR (Russia). # A B C D E F F G I K L M N O ... Wikipedia

List of cosmonauts - participants in space flights, excluding the USA and the USSR (Russia)- Alphabetical list of cosmonauts participating in space flights, excluding the USA and the USSR (Russia). # A B C D E F G I J K L M N O P R S T U V ... Wikipedia

List of cosmonauts of the USSR and Russia- Contents 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 E 6 E ... Wikipedia

List of cosmonauts of the USSR and Russia participants in space flights- ... Wikipedia

List of cosmonauts - participants in orbital space flights- Alphabetical list of cosmonauts participating in orbital space flights. # A B C D E F F G I K L M N O P R S T U ... Wikipedia

List of US astronauts - participants in orbital space flights- Alphabetical list of US astronauts participating in orbital space flights. # A B C D E F F G I K L M N O P R S T ... Wikipedia

List of cosmonauts and astronauts- List of astronauts and astronauts who visited the ISS An alphabetical list of astronauts who visited the International Space Station. The names of members of long-term expeditions are in bold. The names of space tourists are in italics ... ... Wikipedia

List of cosmonauts and astronauts who visited the Mir OS- Alphabetical list of astronauts who visited orbital station"World". The names of members of long-term expeditions are in bold. For cosmonauts who visited the Mir OS several times, the number of visits is given in parentheses. country number ... ... Wikipedia

List of astronauts- Alphabetical list of astronauts of the countries of the world. Contents: A B C D E F G I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Ts H ... Wikipedia

List of astronauts and astronauts who visited the ISS- As of December 23, 2012 Alphabetical list of astronauts who have visited the International Space Station. The names of members of long-term expeditions are in bold. The names of space tourists are in italics. ... ... Wikipedia