Thesis plan for the biography of Akhmatova. The work of Anna Akhmatova - briefly. Hard years of biography

Literature lesson:

"The life and work of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova"

Lesson topic : Life and work of A.A. Akhmatova.

Lesson Objectives : - to acquaint students with the biography of Akhmatova;

Describe the features of the poet's work;

Repeat the concept of "acmeism".

Lesson equipment : a portrait of Anna Andreevna, collections of her poems, a crossword puzzle on the poet's work.

Methodological techniques : reports of the student;

lecture with elements of conversation;

analysis of poems.

During the classes

Org. Moment

The music of Brahms "Requiem" sounds.

The student comes out to the music, reads an excerpt from Akhmatova's poem "Requiem"

And if ever in this country,

Erect conceived monument to me,

I give my consent to this triumph,

But only with the condition - on putting it

Not near the sea where I was born:

The last connection with the sea is broken,

Not in the royal garden near the old stump,

Where the inconsolable shadow is looking for me,

And here, where I stood for three hundred hours,

And where the bolt was not opened for me,

Then, as in blissful death I fear

Forget the rumble of black Marus,

Forget how hateful the door slammed

And the old woman howled like a wounded animal.

And even with motionless and stone age.

Like tears, melted snow flows,

And let the prison dove roam in the distance,

And the ships are quietly moving along the Neva.

Goal setting.

Teacher's words: Dear children, today we are starting to study the work of the famous Russian poet Anna Andreevna Akhmatova.

Why a poet, you ask? The fact is that all her life Akhmatova considered herself not a poetess, but a poet, not recognizing such a thing as female lyrics. Today we will remember some events of her life, beautiful and tragic, of her brilliant friends. So, Anna Andreevna Gorenko. Please write down today's date and the topic of the lesson. Let's turn to the biography of this remarkable poet.

Report of the student "Life and work of Akhmatova"

1st student: Anna Andreevna Akhmatova was born in Odessa, in the family of a mechanical engineer navy Andrey Gorenko, who by that time had already retired. Akhmatova is her literary pseudonym, which she took from the name of her grandmother. After some time, the family moved near St. Petersburg and settled in Tsarskoye Selo. Anna lived here until the age of 16, studied at the gymnasium, as she herself recalls, “at first it was bad, then much better, but always reluctantly.”

2 students: In 1905, Anna's parents broke up, and the mother and children first moved to Evpatoria, and then to Kyiv, where Anna graduated from high school and entered the law faculty of the Higher Women's Courses. Anna Andreevna did not intend to become a lawyer, feeling a different vocation in herself, and therefore she was cool about her studies.

1 student: Then Anna Andreevna could not even imagine how many trials fate had prepared for her, therefore she tragically perceived all her youthful disappointments, hiding them behind a mask of “unearthly indifference”. In her youth she had unrequited love, because of which she felt "pathetic, unnecessary" and wanted to die.

2 students: In 1907, at the age of eighteen, she wrote: “I have finished living without even starting”, and a month later “I am getting married to a friend of my youth, Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov. He has loved me for three years now and I believe that my destiny is to be his wife.”

1 student: Akhmatova and Gumilev got married in 1910, and spent their honeymoon in Paris. For the next few years, Akhmatova lived happily and even happily. In Paris, she met many figures of world culture. At the same time, the little-known artist Modigliani made a surprisingly expressive portrait of Akhmatova, in which he seemed to foresee her future tragic fate.

2 students: In 1912, Akhmatova and Gumilyov had their only son Lev, and in the same year her first collection of poems, Evening, was published. Criticism accepted it quite favorably, poet friends congratulated Anna Andreevna on her success, especially since the collection was highly appreciated by V. Bryusov himself, one of the trendsetters in poetry at the beginning of the 20th century. He noted the original original thinking of the poet.

1 student: Special mention should be made of the originality of Akhmatova's work. Like many other poets of that time, she participated in various literary associations, was alternately fond of symbolism and acmeism, but she was quite calm about this. In her autobiographical notes, Akhmatova wrote: “In 1910, a crisis of symbolism was clearly indicated ... Some went to futurism, others to acmeism. Together with my comrades in the First Workshop of Poets - Mandelstam, Zenkevich, Narbut - I became an acmeist.

2 students: Just as original as Akhmatova's personality was her appearance. Everyone who knew Anna Andreevna spoke of her regal beauty, which she retained until her death. She impressed with the extraordinary plasticity of her stately figure, special posture and grace. In clothes, she preferred black tones and shawls. This is what Mandelstam wrote about her:

Half-turned, oh sadness,

I looked at the indifferent.

Falling from the shoulders, petrified

False classic shawl…

1 student: Anna Andreevna has never been a petty and vain nature. She was majestic on the outside and easily vulnerable on the inside, although life forced her to become strong and courageous. She never wrote about herself personally, but as a woman, wife, widow, mother, she expressed in her poems those feelings that she herself experienced and which have become common to many women.

2 students: In her lyrics, Akhmatova relied on folklore and mythology, which made her poems understandable to a wide variety of readers. In original lyrical stories, she tells about the most burning problems of the time, but the theme of suffering becomes the main theme.

1 student: During her long life, Akhmatova mourned many losses: in 1921, her husband, N. Gumilyov, was shot; before the son had time to grow up, he was arrested for the first time, the second, the third - first for his father, then for his mother; her second husband, the famous art critic N.I. Punin, died in exile. To save her son from death, Akhmatova wrote two laudatory poems for Stalin's 70th birthday. I must say that everyone understood her and no one condemned her. Akhmatova's son, Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov, survived. He became a famous scientist and died very recently at the age of 83.

2 students: Personal life Akhmatova did not work out, despite the fact that she was constantly surrounded by people, but internally she always remained lonely.

Despite the chamber, intimate nature of her lyrics, she was able to reflect the most terrible and difficult moments in the life of her people. Silent for many decades, Akhmatova carried, accumulated in herself the main works of her life - "Requiem" and "Poem without a Hero"

1 student: In 1946, the infamous resolution of the Central Committee of the Party was adopted, in which the work of Akhmatova and Zoshchenko was sharply criticized. These attacks were unfounded, but the decision was canceled only thirty years later, when Anna Andreevna was no longer alive. And then Akhmatova was expelled from the Writers' Union, and the worst thing was that she was excommunicated from poetry. Of course, she wrote them, but she could not publish them. To survive, Akhmatova had to deal with poetic translations.

2 students: And yet in last decade life around Akhmatova formed a real poetry school. Very peculiar poets experienced the creative influence of Akhmatova. These are Arseny Tarkovsky, David Samoilov, Evgeny Rein, Joseph Brodsky.

1 student: Gradually, the world fame of Akhmatova also grew: in 1964 she was awarded the international literary prize "Etna - Taormina". Anna Andreevna was even allowed to go to Sicily to receive it. And in 1965, Akhmatova was awarded a doctorate from Oxford University.

2nd student After England, Akhmatova again visited Paris. It was a return to youth and at the same time farewell to life. In recent months, due to a fracture, she was bedridden. Unfortunately, Anna Andreevna did not wait for recognition equal to that which accompanied her ascent to the literary Parnassus. It so happened that the real glory of the great Russian poet came to her only after her death.

Fixing the material

Word of the teacher: Guys, now you yourself can judge what a tragic and at the same time amazing fate Anna Andreevna has developed. I hope that the information was interesting to you, but how exciting it was for you, we will find out by solving a small crossword puzzle.

CROSSWORD.

What was the name of Akhmatova's husband, the famous poet and founder of the school of acmeism?

In what city was Anna Andreevna born?

Akhmatova's famous poem, which translates as "departure mass" and in which she shared the pain with her people?

The first collection of poems by Akhmatova.

Who was Akhmatova's father by profession?

What literary movement did Anna Andreevna belong to?

What university did Anna Andreevna receive an honorary doctorate from?

Word of the teacher: So, we said that Akhmatova joined the literary association "Acmeism". But what is acmeism and what are the basic principles of this trend?

(Acmeism, a literary movement that rallied the great Russian poets, primarily N. Gumilyov, Osip Mandelstam, Anna Akhmatova, was genetically associated with symbolism, but opposed its extremes. Acmeists tried to rediscover the value of human life, the value of a simple objective world, the original value of the word Acmeists have developed subtle ways of conveying inner peace lyrical hero- through a psychologically significant gesture, movement, detail.)

Teacher's word: Based on everything we heard, let's try to highlight the basic principles of the aesthetics of Akhmatova's poetry! (write it down !!!)

Features of the lyrics of A.A. Akhmatova.

1. The universal, civic nature of Akhmatova's work made it possible to call her a great national poet. She is the voice of her era.

2. Akhmatova's lyrics are associative, she avoids talking about feelings directly, preferring hints.

3. The world around her: the landscape, the interior, and experiences - the poetess conveys through precise expressive detail.

4. In her poetry, A. Akhmatova widely relies on mythological and folklore symbols, the poetics of folk songs.

5. Frequent reference to biblical subjects, church rituals, to the theme of Christ speaks of the deep religious beginning of her work.

6. A. Akhmatova's poem can be compared with a diary entry, an excerpt from their letter, a fragment of a song that is sung in an undertone.

7. The lyrical heroine in Akhmatova's poetry does not always coincide with the personality of the author.

8. Creativity A. Akhmatova became highest point development of women's poetry in Russia. None of the female poetesses - her contemporaries - managed to escape the influence of Akhmatova.

The word of the teacher: Anna Andreevna in her lyrics refers to various topics. Her first collections, "Evening", "Rosary", are devoted to the theme of love. Love is dramatic. Akhmatova herself said, “Poems are a sob over life.” Love in her lyrics is an absolutely earthly feeling, devoid of mystical otherworldliness. Anna Andreevna resolves in a peculiar way the theme of the poet and poetry. In the poems "Prayer", "I so prayed, quench ..." the theme of the poet and poetry is developed in the traditions of Russian classical poetry, especially Pushkin's. The image of the muse develops, which becomes more objective, alive, acquires specific features:

The music has gone down the road

Autumn, narrow, steep,

And there were swarthy legs

Sprinkled with large dew.

I asked her for a long time

Wait for winter with me

But she said: “After all, here is the grave,

How can you still breathe?

I, looking after her, was silent,

I loved her alone

And the dawn was in the sky,

Like a gateway to her country.

But, perhaps, the theme of Russia, the theme of the Motherland, becomes central in the work of Akhmatova. Akhmatova experienced the tragic fate of the country with her, she shared the fate of her homeland. Read the poem "I had a voice. He called consolingly…” and answer the questions:

How is revolutionary Russia characterized in the poem?
- How is the moral position of the author expressed?

What artistic means creating the tone of the piece?

The poem "Everything is plundered, betrayed, sold ..."

How is the image of the homeland drawn, what is the mood of this work? From which person in question?

Home task.

Summarizing. Org.end of the lesson

So, we got acquainted with the biography of Akhmatova and highlighted some of the features of her work. In subsequent lessons, we will continue to work on the work of this wonderful poet.

Thank you for your work in class. Today they did an “excellent” job ..., “good” ...

Goodbye!

1889 , June 11 (23) - was born in Odessa in the Bolshoi Fountain area, in the family of a retired naval engineer-mechanic A.A. Gorenko.

1890–1905 - spends his childhood in Tsarskoye Selo, where he studies at the Mariinsky Gymnasium.

1905–1907 - after the breakup of the family, the mother and children move to Evpatoria, from there - to Kyiv. Here Akhmatova finishes the last class of the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium.

1907 - enters the Faculty of Law of the Higher Women's Courses in Kyiv.
Publication of the first poem by Akhmatova in the Sirius magazine, published by the poet N.S. Gumilyov in Paris.

1910 - Akhmatova marries N.S. Gumilyov.

1911 - begins to be published regularly in Moscow and St. Petersburg publications. At the end of 1911, he became a member of the poetic association "Workshop of Poets" created by Gumilyov, in which the principles of the new literary direction called acmeism. O. Mandelstam, S. Gorodetsky, M. Zenkevich, V. Narbut were also members of the "Shop of Poets".

1912 - the first collection of poems by Akhmatova called "Evening" is published.

1918–1923 - Akhmatova's poetry is a great success.

1921 - the collection "Plantain" is released.

1922 - the collection "Anno Domini. MCMXXI" ("In the summer of the Lord 1921") is released. The main theme of this book was the death of N.S. Gumilyov.
Since the mid 20s. persecution of Akhmatova in the press begins, an unspoken decision arises to prohibit the publication of her poems, and Akhmatova's name disappears from the pages of books and magazines.

1924 Since that time he has been living in the "Fountain House".

1925–1936 - Akhmatova does not write poetry. The tragic image of this time is expressed in the poem "Requiem" (1936-40), published in the Soviet Union only at the end of the 80s.

1940 - the collection "From six books" is published.
April 11 in the newspaper "Lenin sparks" published a poem "Mayakovsky in 1913".

1941 , September - recording and transmission of Akhmatova's speech on the Leningrad radio.
November - a trainload of evacuated writers (A.A. Akhmatova among them) arrived in Tashkent.

1941–May 1944- lives in evacuation in Tashkent. During these years, a cycle of poems about the war was created. From the evacuation, Akhmatova returns to Moscow, then to Leningrad.

1946 - connection with the resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on the magazines "Zvezda" and "Leningrad", in which Akhmatova's work was subjected to the most severe ideological criticism, she was again removed from literature. Akhmatova began to be printed again in the second half of the 1950s.
IN post-war years engaged in poetic translations, writes several articles about the work of A.S. Pushkin and autobiographical prose.

1958 - the book "Poems" is published, heavily curtailed by censorship.

1963 - finishes "Poem without a Hero", which she wrote for twenty-two years.

1964 – visits Italy, where she is awarded an international literary prize Etna Taormina.

1965 - the collection "Running Time" is published, including poems recent years. Akhmatova travels to England, where she is awarded the title of Doctor of Literature from Oxford University, and visits Paris.

1966 March 5 - Anna Andreevna Akhmatova dies in the Domodedovo sanatorium near Moscow. She was buried in Komarovo, near St. Petersburg.

Everyone knows Anna Akhmatova educated people. This is an outstanding Russian poetess of the first half of the twentieth century. However, few people know about how much this truly great woman had to endure.

We bring to your attention short biography of Anna Akhmatova. We will try not only to dwell on the most important stages in the life of the poetess, but also to tell from her.

Biography of Akhmatova

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova is a famous world-class poetess, writer, translator, literary critic and critic. Born in 1889, Anna Gorenko (this is her real name), spent her childhood in hometown Odessa.

The future classic studied in Tsarskoe Selo, and then in, at the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. When she published her first poem in 1911, her father forbade her to use her real surname, in connection with which Anna took the surname of her great-grandmother, Akhmatova. It was with this name that she entered Russian and world history.

There is one associated with this episode. interesting fact which we present at the end of the article.

By the way, above you can see a photo of young Akhmatova, which differs sharply from her subsequent portraits.

Akhmatova's personal life

In total, Anna had three husbands. Was she happy in at least one marriage? It is hard to say. In her works we find a lot of love poetry.

But this is rather some kind of idealistic image of unattainable love, which has passed through the prism of Akhmatova's gift. But whether she had ordinary family happiness is hardly.

Gumilyov

The first husband in her biography was a famous poet, from whom her only son was born - Lev Gumilyov (the author of the theory of ethnogenesis).

After living for 8 years, they divorced, and already in 1921 Nikolai was shot.

Anna Akhmatova with her husband Gumilyov and son Leo

It is important to emphasize here that the first husband passionately loved her. She did not reciprocate his feelings, and he knew about it even before the wedding. In a word, their life together was extremely painful and painful from the constant jealousy and internal suffering of both.

Akhmatova was very sorry for Nikolai, but she did not feel feelings for him. Two poets from God could not live under one roof and dispersed. Even their son could not stop their disintegrating marriage.

Shileiko

In this difficult period for the country, the great writer lived very badly.

Having an extremely meager income, she earned money by selling herring, which was given out as a ration, and with the proceeds she bought tea and smoke, without which her husband could not do.

In her notes there is a phrase referring to this time: "I will soon get on all fours myself."

Shileiko was terribly jealous of his brilliant wife for literally everything: men, guests, poems and hobbies.

Punin

Akhmatova's biography developed rapidly. In 1922 she marries again. This time for Nikolai Punin, an art critic, with whom she lived the longest - 16 years. They parted in 1938, when Anna's son Lev Gumilyov was arrested. By the way, Lev spent 10 years in the camps.

Hard years of biography

When he was first imprisoned, Akhmatova spent 17 most difficult months in prison queues, bringing parcels to her son. This period of life forever crashed into her memory.

One day a woman recognized her and asked if she, as a poet, could describe all the horror experienced by the mothers of the innocently convicted. Anna answered in the affirmative and at the same time began work on her most famous poem, Requiem. Here is a small extract from there:

I've been screaming for seventeen months
I'm calling you home.
I threw myself at the feet of the executioner -
You are my son and my horror.

Everything is messed up,
And I can't make out
Now who is the beast, who is the man,
And how long to wait for the execution.

First world war Akhmatova completely limited her public life. However, this was incomparable with what happened later in her difficult biography. After all, she was still waiting ahead - the bloodiest in the history of mankind.

In the 1920s, a growing movement of emigration began. All this had a very hard effect on Akhmatova because almost all of her friends went abroad.

One conversation that took place between Anna and G.V. is noteworthy. Ivanov in 1922. Ivanov himself describes it this way:

I'm going abroad the day after tomorrow. I'm going to Akhmatova - to say goodbye.

Akhmatova holds out her hand to me.

- Are you leaving? Bow down from me.

- And you, Anna Andreevna, are not going to leave?

- Not. I will not leave Russia.

But it's getting harder and harder to live!

Yes, it's getting harder.

- Can become quite unbearable.

- What to do.

- You won't leave?

- I'm not leaving.

In the same year, she wrote a famous poem that drew a line between Akhmatova and the creative intelligentsia who emigrated:

I am not with those who left the earth
At the mercy of enemies.
I will not heed their rude flattery,
I won't give them my songs.

But the exile is eternally pitiful to me,
Like a prisoner, like a patient
Dark is your road, wanderer,
Wormwood smells of someone else's bread.

Since 1925, the NKVD has issued an unspoken ban so that no publishing house will print any of Akhmatova's works because of their "anti-nationality".

IN short biography it is impossible to convey the burden of moral and social oppression that Akhmatova experienced during these years.

Having learned what fame and recognition are, she was forced to drag out a miserable, half-starved existence, in complete oblivion. At the same time, realizing that her friends abroad are regularly published and deny themselves little.

The voluntary decision not to leave, but to suffer with her people - this is the truly amazing fate of Anna Akhmatova. During these years, she was interrupted by random translations of foreign poets and writers and, in general, lived extremely poorly.

Creativity Akhmatova

But let's go back to 1912, when the first collection of poems by the future great poetess was published. It was called "Evening". This was the start creative biography future star in the sky of Russian poetry.

Three years later, a new collection of "Rosary" appears, which was printed in the amount of 1000 pieces.

Actually from this moment the national recognition begins. big talent Akhmatova.

In 1917 the world saw A new book with poems "The White Flock". It was published twice as large in circulation, through the previous collection.

Among the most significant works of Akhmatova, one can mention the "Requiem", written in 1935-1940. Why is this poem considered one of the greatest?

The fact is that it displays all the pain and horror of a woman who lost her loved ones due to human cruelty and repression. And this image was very similar to the fate of Russia itself.

In 1941, Akhmatova wandered hungry around Leningrad. According to some eyewitnesses, she looked so bad that a woman, stopping near her, handed her alms with the words: "Take Christ for the sake of it." One can only imagine what Anna Andreevna felt at that time.

However, before the start of the blockade, she was evacuated to where she met with Marina Tsvetaeva. This was their only meeting.

A short biography of Akhmatova does not allow to show in all details the essence of her amazing poems. They seem to be talking to us alive, conveying and revealing many aspects of the human soul.

It is important to emphasize that she wrote not only about the individual, as such, but considered the life of the country and its fate as a biography of a single person, as a kind of living organism with its own virtues and morbid inclinations.

A subtle psychologist and a brilliant connoisseur of the human soul, Akhmatova managed to depict in her poems many facets of fate, its happy and tragic vicissitudes.

Death and memory

On March 5, 1966, Anna Andreevna Akhmatova died in a sanatorium near Moscow. On the fourth day, the coffin with her body was delivered to Leningrad, where a funeral took place at the Komarovsky cemetery.

In honor of the outstanding Russian poetess, many streets in the former republics are named Soviet Union. In Italy, in Sicily, a monument was erected to Akhmatova.

In 1982, a minor planet was discovered, which received its name in her honor - Akhmatova.

When Akhmatova's father found out that his seventeen-year-old daughter began to write poetry, he asked "not to shame his name."

Her first husband Gumilev says that they often quarreled over their son. When Levushka was about 4 years old, he taught him the phrase: "My dad is a poet, and my mom is a hysteric."

When a poetic company had gathered in Tsarskoye Selo, Levushka entered the living room and shouted a memorized phrase in a loud voice.

Nikolai Gumilyov was very angry, and Akhmatova was delighted and began to kiss her son, saying: “Clever, Leva, you are right, your mother is hysterical!” At that time, Anna Andreevna did not yet know what kind of life lay ahead of her, and what century was coming to replace the Silver Age.

The poetess kept a diary all her life, which became known only after her death. It is thanks to this that we know many facts from her biography.

Anna Akhmatova in the early 1960s

Akhmatova was nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965, but ultimately it was awarded to Mikhail Sholokhov (see). Not so long ago it became known that initially the committee considered the option of dividing the prize between them. But then they still stopped at Sholokhov.

Two of Akhmatova's sisters died of tuberculosis, and Anna was sure that the same fate awaited her. However, she was able to overcome weak genetics and lived for 76 years.

Lying down in a sanatorium, Akhmatova felt the approach of death. In her notes, she left a short phrase: "It is a pity that there is no Bible."

We hope that given biography Akhmatova answered all the questions you had about her life. We strongly recommend that you use the search on the Internet and read at least selected poems by the poetic genius Anna Akhmatova.

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May 12th, 2017

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova is known to all educated people. This is an outstanding Russian poetess of the first half of the twentieth century. However, few people know how much this truly great woman had to endure.

We bring to your attention short biography of Anna Akhmatova. We will try not only to dwell on the most important stages in the life of the poetess, but also to tell interesting facts from her biography.

Biography of Akhmatova

Anna Akhmatova is a famous world-class poetess, writer, translator, literary critic and critic. Born in 1889, Anna Gorenko (this is her real name), spent her childhood in her native city of Odessa.

Young Akhmatova. Odessa.

The future classicist studied in Tsarskoe Selo, and then in Kyiv, at the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. When she published her first poem in 1911, her father forbade her to use her real surname, in connection with which Anna took the surname of her great-grandmother, Akhmatova. It was with this name that she entered Russian and world history.

One interesting fact is connected with this episode, which we will present at the end of the article.

By the way, above you can see a photo of young Akhmatova, which differs sharply from her subsequent portraits.

Akhmatova's personal life

In total, Anna had three husbands. Was she happy in at least one marriage? It is hard to say. In her works we find a lot of love poetry. But this is rather some kind of idealistic image of unattainable love, which has passed through the prism of Akhmatova's gift. But whether she had ordinary family happiness is hardly.

Gumilyov

The first husband in her biography was the famous poet Nikolai Gumilyov, from whom her only son was born - Lev Gumilyov (the author of the theory of ethnogenesis).
After living for 8 years, they divorced, and already in 1921 Nikolai was shot.

Shileiko

In this difficult period for the country, the great writer lived very badly.

Having an extremely meager income, she earned money by selling herring, which was given out as a ration, and with the proceeds she bought tea and smoke, without which her husband could not do.

In her notes there is a phrase referring to this time: "I will soon get on all fours myself."

Shileiko was terribly jealous of his brilliant wife for literally everything: men, guests, poems and hobbies. He forbade her to read poetry in public and even did not allow her to write them at all. This marriage was also short-lived, and in 1921 they parted ways.

Punin

Hard years of biography

When he was first imprisoned, Akhmatova spent 17 most difficult months in prison queues, bringing parcels to her son. This period of life forever crashed into her memory.

Lyova Gumilev with her mother - Anna Akhmatova. Leningrad, 1926

I've been screaming for seventeen months
I'm calling you home.
I threw myself at the feet of the executioner -
You are my son and my horror.

Everything is messed up,
And I can't make out
Now who is the beast, who is the man,
And how long to wait for the execution.

During the First World War, Akhmatova completely limited her public life. However, this was incomparable with what happened later in her difficult biography. After all, the Great One was still waiting for her Patriotic War- the bloodiest in the history of mankind.

In the 1920s, a growing movement of emigration began. All this had a very hard effect on Akhmatova because almost all of her friends went abroad. One conversation that took place between Anna and G.V. is noteworthy. Ivanov in 1922. Ivanov himself describes it this way:

I'm going abroad the day after tomorrow. I go to Akhmatova - to say goodbye.
Akhmatova holds out her hand to me.
- Are you leaving? Bow from me to Paris.
- And you, Anna Andreevna, are not going to leave?
- Not. I will not leave Russia.
But it's getting harder and harder to live!
Yes, it's getting harder.
- It can become quite unbearable.
- What to do.
- Won't you leave?
- I'm not leaving.

In the same year, she wrote a famous poem that drew a line between Akhmatova and the creative intelligentsia who emigrated:

I am not with those who left the earth
At the mercy of enemies.
I will not heed their rude flattery,
I won't give them my songs.

But the exile is eternally pitiful to me,
Like a prisoner, like a patient
Dark is your road, wanderer,
Wormwood smells of someone else's bread.

Since 1925, the NKVD has issued an unspoken ban so that no publishing house will print any of Akhmatova's works because of their "anti-nationality".

In a brief biography, it is impossible to convey the burden of moral and social oppression that Akhmatova experienced during these years.

Creativity Akhmatova

But let's go back to 1912, when the first collection of poems by the future great poetess was published. It was called "Evening". This was the beginning of the creative biography of the future star in the sky of Russian poetry. Three years later, a new collection of "Rosary" appears, which was printed in the amount of 1000 pieces.

Actually, from this moment, the nationwide recognition of Akhmatova's great talent begins. In 1917, the world saw a new book with poems "The White Flock". It was published twice as large in circulation, through the previous collection.

Among the most significant works of Akhmatova, one can mention the "Requiem", written in 1935-1940. Why is this poem considered one of the greatest? The fact is that it displays all the pain and horror of a woman who lost her loved ones due to human cruelty and repression. And this image was very similar to the fate of Russia itself.

However, before the blockade began, she was evacuated to Moscow, where she met with Marina Tsvetaeva. This was their only meeting.

A short biography of Akhmatova does not allow to show in all details the essence of her amazing poems. They seem to be talking to us alive, conveying and revealing many aspects of the human soul.

A subtle psychologist and a brilliant connoisseur of the human soul, Akhmatova managed to depict in her poems many facets of fate, its happy and tragic vicissitudes.

Death and memory

In honor of the outstanding Russian poetess, many streets in the former republics of the Soviet Union are named. In Italy, in Sicily, a monument was erected to Akhmatova.

In 1982, a minor planet was discovered, which received its name in her honor - Akhmatova.

In the Netherlands, on the wall of one of the houses in the city of Leiden, the poem "Muse" is written in large letters.

Muse

When I wait for her arrival at night,
Life seems to hang by a thread.
What honors, what youth, what freedom
In front of a nice guest with a pipe in her hand.

And so she entered. Throwing back the cover
She looked at me carefully.
I tell her: “Did you dictate to Dante
Pages of Hell? Answers: "Me!".

Interesting facts from the biography of Akhmatova

Being a recognized classic, back in the 1920s, Akhmatova was subject to colossal censorship and silence. She was not printed at all for decades, which left her without a livelihood. However, despite this, abroad she was considered one of the greatest poets of our time and in different countries released without her knowledge.

When Akhmatova's father found out that his seventeen-year-old daughter began to write poetry, he asked "not to shame his name."

Photo from the early 1960s

Her first husband Gumilev says that they often quarreled over their son. When Levushka was about 4 years old, Mandelstam taught him the phrase: "My dad is a poet, and my mom is a hysteric." When a poetic company had gathered in Tsarskoye Selo, Levushka entered the living room and shouted a memorized phrase in a loud voice.

The poetess kept a diary all her life, which became known only after her death. It is thanks to this that we know many facts from her biography.

Akhmatova was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965, but it was ultimately awarded to Mikhail Sholokhov. Not so long ago it became known that initially the committee considered the option of dividing the prize between them. But then they still stopped at Sholokhov.

Two of Akhmatova's sisters died of tuberculosis, and Anna was sure that the same fate awaited her. However, she was able to overcome weak genetics and lived for 76 years.

Lying down in a sanatorium, Akhmatova felt the approach of death. In her notes, she left a short phrase: "It is a pity that there is no Bible."

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova is one of the brightest poets of the 20th century. Her writing talent has captured the hearts of many and inspired many people.

Anna Akhmatova was born on June 11, 1889 in Odessa. Anna received her primary education at the Mariinsky Gymnasium in Tsarskoye Selo. Anna Akhmatova continued her further education in Kyiv, in the famous Fundukleevsky female gymnasium. I went to reading courses for women, as well as historical and literary lectures.

Anna Akhmatova began to write in 1911, presenting her first verse to the public. Her first collection appeared in 1912, a year after the debut, and it was called "Evening". Her native surname was Gorenko, however, for the pseudonym Anna Andreevna used the surname of her great-grandmother because of disagreements with her father on this basis.

The second collection was not long in coming and in 1914 she released her second book, a collection called Rosary. The circulation was huge - 1000 copies - which was already great news for a young, aspiring poetess. It was the "Rosary" that helped Anna Akhmatova gain real popularity and gain admirers of her talent, hard work and singing soul.

Three years later, without having to wait for a relatively long time, a new collection is released, to which Anna Akhmatova gave the name "White Pack". By this time, the poetess had reached the peak of her work, the tour began, literary readings, Anna performed a lot, got acquainted with famous people, acquired true friends in her circle, gained new experience.

In 1910, as is known, Anna Akhmatova became engaged to the poet Nikolai Gumilyov. Their noble, intelligent couple was replenished in 1912 with a son, Lev Nikolaevich, who in the conscious years of his life formulated philosophical concepts and worked in the scientific field.

The marriage with Nikolai Gumilyov did not last long: in 1918 they divorced. The sad events of the war took her ex-husband to the front. In the work of Anna Akhmatova, you can find many poems that were dedicated to her ex-husband, even a note of sadness and longing for the old days can be traced.

Her next husband was the scientist V. Shileiko, with whom she lived not so much, and after the execution of Nikolai Gumilyov in 1921, she broke up. But the heart of the poetess could not be free, and in 1922 she began an amazingly warm relationship with the art critic Punin, with whom she spent many happy years. Her last collection was published in 1925.

The life and work of Anna Akhmatova amaze with experiences, difficult moments, but with the extraordinary beauty of the talent that could grow on this seemingly unwholesome soil. Anna Akhmatova was remembered by her extremely trembling poem "Requiem", dedicated to fate Russian people whom she loved with all her heart.

The poetess died on March 5, 1966 in a sanatorium near Moscow, where she was undergoing treatment. She was buried at the Komarovsky cemetery near Leningrad, however, she was not buried for a moment in the hearts of her beloved followers and admirers.

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