Mary Baida. Life and achievement. The personal feat of medical instructor Maria Karpovna baida Tell about the baida to the heroine of the Second World War

Today, June 7, Sevastopol remembers the feat of Maria Karpovna Bayda, which she accomplished exactly 74 years ago. In 1942, the sanitary instructor of the 514th Infantry Regiment, in a fight with the enemy, destroyed 15 soldiers and an officer with a machine gun, killed four soldiers with a butt, recaptured the commander and 8 soldiers from the Germans, captured the enemy’s machine gun and machine guns. For her courage, she was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union.

Nurse and Sniper

Maria was born in one of the villages of the Black Sea region of Crimea in peasant family, dreamed of a medical career since childhood. The war has begun. 20-year-old Masha helped rescue the wounded in the hospital. But at some point, the girl decided to save lives not in a hospital ward, but in battle - she enrolled in the 35th Fighter Battalion.

The foreman-border guard taught her the sniper business, - recalls a friend of the front-line soldier, retired rear admiral Sergei Rybak. - Skill is difficult. You need to choose the right position, be able to disguise. After each shot, instantly roll 20-50 meters from your place, life depended on it. The position from where the sniper's shot was detected, the Nazis immediately covered with mortar fire. Maria trained hard - every day she made 10-15 training shots.

Summer of the 42nd. Our troops retreated to Sevastopol. Here the Mashin battalion joined the 514th regiment of the 172nd division of the Primorsky Army. There was a heavy heroic defense of the hero city, stretching for 250 days.

On June 7, Manstein's army launched an assault for the third time. A company of scouts, together with Maria, held the defense at the foot of the Mekenziev mountains. The girl was in the hottest point of a fierce battle - she fired at the Nazis and managed to bandage the wounded.

By the end of the day, one officer and 15 fighters remained in the detachment. Grenades and cartridges ran out, the Germans went on the offensive. To help the scouts hold back the enemy, Maria Baida hid around the corner of the trench, clutched her machine gun by the barrel and hid.

By the rustle of the grass, she determined when the German would appear, and with all her strength she beat him with the butt. She put all her hatred for the Nazis and pain for the Motherland into every blow. Having laid down four, the girl took machine guns and magazines for them from the defeated enemies and distributed them to her. The fight continued. When the ammunition ran out, Marusya jumped over the trench, beat off the weapons from the Germans and took them to her own.

In one of these sorties, a grenade exploded next to the scout. Bayda received a shrapnel wound to the head and lost consciousness. At this time, the enemy bypassed the positions of the scouts from the rear. When "Fearless Marusya" - that's how the defenders of Sevastopol called her - came to her senses, she saw that the Nazis had captured the remnants of her detachment. Despite the serious injury, the girl was able to quickly assess the situation. The machine was at hand. On that day, Marusya destroyed 16 Nazis: 15 soldiers and one officer. And after waiting for darkness, she led the rescued brother-soldiers to her own.

"The night has come. The frantic attacks of the Nazis subsided. Maria and her comrades, who had been fighting all day surrounded, decided to make their way to their own. The girl went around the trenches, picked up eight wounded soldiers, bandaged them. And she told everyone directly and honestly:

There are few of us here. Almost all are injured. But if we stick together, the Germans won't take us. I know every bush here. We'll get through.

Carefully, trying not to touch the branches, not to knock the heels of their boots on the stones, they went forward. All around in the darkness German dialect was heard. It was scary for the comrades, exhausted and wounded, but Maria firmly led the fighters to the battalion. She knew there were minefields somewhere along the way. And the girl went first...

To the left of the path, along which the fighters carefully stepped, a groan was heard. The girl listened and immediately decided:

Our! The Germans are squealing, but this one is moaning calmly.

And indeed, in the bushes lay the foreman of the neighboring company. Maria bandaged him, helped him up, and he joined the group. For three hours they walked through darkness and danger. Wounds ached, blood appeared on hastily made bandages, but people walked, encouraged by a wonderful girl ...

The guard immediately recognized her. The soldiers surrounded the girl. Everyone began to shake hands with her ... ".

Survived in the camps

Maria found out about the awarding of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for having led her comrades out of encirclement and laid down a dozen and a half Germans already in the hospital, where she ended up after a hard battle.

The heroic defense of Sevastopol was coming to an end. The surviving defenders of the hero city, among whom was Marusya, tried to break through to the partisans in the mountains, but during the transition between the rocks, the Nazis covered the detachment with fire. The seriously wounded Maria Bayda was captured by the Nazis on July 12, 1942.

She spent three years in the Slavuta fascist concentration camps in the Khmelnytsky region, No. 360 in Rivne and Ravensbrück in northeastern Germany. There, Mary, like everyone else, suffered from hunger, but did not give up. Even while in captivity, she established cooperation with the underground. When the provocateurs betrayed her, an SS officer from Western Ukraine came to interrogate the Soviet girl. Marusya did not betray her own, and for this the fascist knocked out her teeth.

It seemed that the whole world was gray, there were no more colors in it. Drenched rains, cold, atrocities of the escorts and smoke from the chimneys of crematoria - this is how Maria Karpovna remembered the camp in Rovno.

Together with other prisoners in May 1945, she was released from the concentration camp by American troops. In 1946, Marusya returned to her native Sevastopol. The captivity did not pass without a trace, for four years she restored her health in hospitals.

Connected thousands of hearts

For half a century Hero of the Soviet Union Maria Bayda lived with her husband Stepan Fedorovich Eliseev. He worked as a driver in a medical car, took doctors on business trips. They met in Gurzuf shortly after the war, they got married in 1947. Family friends say that Bayda and Eliseev lived in perfect harmony. Maybe that's why Maria Bayda entered the post-war history of Sevastopol as a person who connected thousands of hearts.

After the war, the former intelligence officer found "her" job - she became the head of the registry office. Over the years of work, more than 60 thousand marriages and 700 thousand newborns have been registered here, recalls Baida's colleague Svetlana Zharikova. With her, the local registry office was repeatedly recognized as the best in the country. Today it is run by Svetlana's daughter.

It was Maria Bayda who proposed to create nominal schools in Sevastopol in honor of the Heroes of the Soviet Union. The idea was supported - now there are 17 such schools in the hero city.

A friend of the veterans, Rear Admiral Sergei Rybak often visits her grave A photo: Evgeny GAYVORONSKY

"Fearless Marusya" died in August 2002. There are always fresh flowers at her grave at the Communards Memorial Cemetery in Sevastopol.

Maria Baida was born in the Crimean village of Novoselskoye, Ak-Mechensky district (now it is the Black Sea region) on February 1, 1922. At the end of the 7-year plan, in 1936 she began her labor activity- a nurse at the city hospital in Dzhankoy. In 1941, she was going to enter the medical college, but the war made its own adjustments ...

At first, Maria, as part of a medical team from the city hospital, served the ambulance trains stopping in Dzhankoy. With late autumn 1941 Baida is a fighter of the 35th battalion of the fighter battalion (the main task of the battalion was to fight against German paratroopers, saboteurs, all sorts of provocateurs and alarmists, as well as to identify enemy infiltrators).

When the Nazis came close to Sevastopol, the 35th Fighter Battalion became part of the Primorsky Army, defending the Black Sea "fortress". Since May 1942, Senior Sergeant Maria Baida has been a fighter of a separate reconnaissance company of this regiment.

When our troops left in November 1941, a girl came to Sevastopol in the 514th Infantry Regiment of the 172nd Infantry Division and asked to be taken with her, as she wanted to fight for the Motherland. She said that she served in the cooperative and graduated from the courses of orderlies. She was accepted into the regiment as a nurse. During the first assaults, Maria Bayda showed herself to be a fearless fighter and saved the lives of many Red Army soldiers and commanders, carrying them out of the battlefield under enemy fire.

Her military deeds, courage and dedication were known not only in the 514th Infantry Regiment. But Maria asked to be transferred to intelligence. The regiment commander, knowing about the exceptional courage of the girl, her ingenuity and endurance, granted the request, and M.K. Bayda became a scout.

Her advantage was that she knew the region of Sevastopol and its environs well. On the night before the third assault, she was part of the reconnaissance group of the foreman of the 2nd article Mosenko in combat guards.

BAYDA MARIA KARPOVNA - STAR OF THE HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION No. 6183

(Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 06/20/1942)

Description of the feat of Maria Karpovna Baida

Maria was at the very epicenter of the "combat hell", but she showed herself as a brave, sometimes even over-desperate fighter - when the machine ran out of partrons, the girl fearlessly jumped over the parapet, returning with captured machine guns and stores to them. During one of these sorties, a German grenade exploded not far from her - the girl, shell-shocked and wounded in the head, lost consciousness.

Quickly assessing the situation (there were no more than 20 Nazis in the trenches of the scouts and they were all in one place - not far from the prisoners), Maria decided to attack. Thanks to the suddenness and correct reaction of the captured scouts, who in turn attacked the Germans, as soon as Maria opened fire on the enemy with a machine gun, all the Nazis were destroyed.

Knowing perfectly well the scheme of minefields, under the cover of darkness, Maria Baida led the wounded soldiers to her ...

Just think! In a fight with the enemy, she destroyed 15 soldiers and one officer from a machine gun, killed four soldiers with a butt (!!!), recaptured the commander and eight fighters from the Germans, captured the machine gun and machine gun of the enemy! Girl 20 years old!

... captivity. Two years of captivity.

A lot happened in two years. And Simferopol prison. And a POW camp in Slavuta. Then a concentration camp in Lublin, Rovno, in the Austrian city of Salzburg. Everything that Maria has suffered is impossible to tell. (Now, if she herself wrote a book ...) And beatings, and torture, and smoking furnaces of the crematorium, and dogs tearing people, and diseases, torments that cannot be counted ...

She was not just a prisoner, she fought everywhere. In Slavuta, she met a woman from Simferopol, Ksenia Karenina. Together with her, she contacted the underground, carried out their tasks. In Salzburg she was in the international resistance group. And so the fight, the fight to the end.

It seems to her now that during these two years there was no sun on earth, there were only autumn rains penetrating to the bone, blurred roads, fogs. She was surprised to hear later that Rovno was handsome, green City. And for her, he remained gloomy, joyless for the rest of his life. It seems that in no other camp were the guards so atrocious, nowhere was she so close to death.

And yet, after all, Ksenia often told her: "You, Masha, are happy. You were born in a shirt." Apparently she was right. How many times in Slavuta she was threatened with exposure that she was connected with the underground. It worked out.

In Rovno, they managed to escape from a prisoner of war camp to a civilian one - “civilian”. There she was no longer a scout, a defender of Sevastopol, but simply a free labor force. They were taken to Austria. At some station they dropped off, re-sorted, hung up numbers. It was bought by a wealthy bauer. I started working for him. Yes, I soon found out that Xenia was hanged in Shepetovka. Another heavy loss. She became so bitter that she nearly stabbed “her” Bauer with a pitchfork out of anger.

For this they sent her to a camp in the Alpine forests. Stayed there for almost a year. Participated in the resistance group. Issued by a provocateur. The chief of the Gestapo of the city of Salzburg himself came for her. The whole district knew: do not expect mercy from him. He began the interrogation in German and ended in Russian. Mr. head of the Gestapo was originally from Ukraine. Compatriots out...

To begin with, the “countryman” knocked out her teeth. Did not betray comrades. Thrown into jail. I sat in a cement basement, which was gradually filled with ice water, then taken out to a burning fireplace. The torture of cold and heat seemed unbearable. But she didn't say anything. She collapsed with croupous pneumonia.

Salzburg was liberated by the Americans. They were in the hospital. Then a meeting with their long way to the Motherland, devastated, burned, exhausted by ailments, hunger. Maria Bayda received the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union later ...

And another four years passed in a hospital bed. This is not a gift. They cut, patched her doctors, removed fragments after old wounds. And yet she really was born in a shirt. Even after everything, her life took place. She got married and raised two children, a son and a daughter.

In 1946 she returned to Dzhankoy. After some time, she moved to permanent residence in Sevastopol. The first time M.K. Bayda worked in the system Catering. Then the city committee of the party sent her to lead the "Wedding Palace". From 1961 to 1987 she was in charge of the Sevastopol city registry office. For 28 years, she gave parting words and handed over marriage registration certificates to about 60,000 young couples, and registered more than 70,000 newborns.

In her honor, a memorial plaque was installed on the building of the RAGS of the Leninsky district of Sevastopol.

Maria Karpovna was repeatedly elected a deputy of the city council. In 1976, by decision of the Sevastopol City Council, she was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Sevastopol." On September 20, 2005, it was decided to give the children's park the name "Komsomol Park named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Maria Bayda." Her name is carved on the slab of the Memorial to the heroic defenders of Sevastopol in 1941-1942.

She was awarded the Orders of Lenin, Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, medals "Gold Star", "For Courage" and other awards.

Annotation sign in the park named after Hero of the Soviet Union Maria Bayda, Sevastopol

Maria Karpovna died on August 30, 2002 in Sevastopol, in the city that she and her comrades so bravely defended. He rests at the Communards cemetery in Sevastopol.

On February 1, 1922, in the Crimean village of Novoselskoye (today it is the territory of the Chernomorsky region), was born into a working-class family new person- daughter Masha. Maria Karpovna Baida.

Masha's childhood was difficult, like all the kids of that time. But she studied very well, managed to help her parents with the housework, and worked with lagging students. No one has ever seen an angry girl, even the most difficult moments Masha knew how to remain calm. She graduated from the seven-year school No. 1 and, wanting to help her family, began working as a nurse in a hospital in Dzhankoy. Her first medical teacher was an old surgeon named Nikolai Vasilyevich. He said: “You, Masha, have a kind heart and dexterous hands ...” True, this was not enough for an inquisitive, energetic girl. Masha decided to enter a medical school. And I would have done if not for the war.

Now the entire hospital staff, including Masha, served the ambulance trains that passed through Dzhankoy. Many times, the girl, realizing that help was hastily provided to the fighters and not to everyone, left on trains much further than was allowed. She was already recognized, waited for and loved. Calm, but not slow, patient, but not indifferent, Maria did everything she could. And yet I wanted more. Perhaps this episode also influenced this: once, during a raid, she pulled an already elderly soldier with severe burns out of a burning car. He said: “Daughter, I am not afraid to die. But it’s so pity that I didn’t destroy the fascist reptiles enough!..”

Maria volunteered for the 35th Fighter Battalion. Along with men, she tracked down saboteurs and scouts. On her account there are many fascist paratroopers, whom the enemies threw into our rear for reconnaissance.

... The enemy was approaching Sevastopol - a beautiful city, a city of pride. However, were there other cities in our once great country, cowardly cities? No ... The battalion in which Masha served became part of the Primorsky Army. And Masha remained a scout in it.

In November 1941, the girl asked to volunteer for the 514th Infantry Regiment. She wanted to fight. And she was taken as a nurse (by that time Masha had completed accelerated courses). In the first battle, she carried twenty-three wounded out of the battle - a considerable figure. In addition, Maria knew the surroundings of Sevastopol well, so she went to reconnaissance - again, on her own initiative. Once she captured a fascist chief corporal. Disarmed, tied, but the Nazi desperately resisted. What was the girl to do? And a curiosity, and seriously: as it should, she gave a butt to the head and took it on herself. You could say I almost got it. However, due to a delay, the reconnaissance group came under fire, one soldier was killed and one was wounded. Maria was sent to a guardhouse as a punishment, but after a few hours she was released. The prisoner came to his senses and refused to testify. So Mary was called. Seeing that very girl, the Nazi became more accommodating ...

Maria also visited the hospital - she was wounded in left hand. True, she fled a few days later, explaining to the doctors: “Everything will heal in battle, but here I’m bored!”

... The beginning of the summer of 1942. Again and again the Nazis storm Sevastopol. Mary's company was located in the area of the Mekenziev mountains. The fighters defended desperately, the forces are unequal. Masha ran out of ammo. She climbed over the parapet and soon returned with captured ammunition. Then she repeated the bold sally once more. And further. But the third or fourth - will you count it in battle? - ended badly. A grenade exploded next to the girl, one of the fragments hit her in the head. Mary fainted...
She lay there for a long time, on the battlefield. At this time, the Nazis had already broken through the defenses and entered the rear of our intelligence officers. Those who survived (nine people, and those were wounded) were taken prisoner by the enemies. But no one was taken away. Because Mary came to her senses...

The girl imperceptibly looked around and realized that there were not so many Nazis here. Most of them left, but here only about a dozen remained. And they are all concentrated in one place - next to our fighters. Fortunately, remained with Mary. And she opened fire. Suddenly - so that the Nazis, out of surprise, thought that an offensive had begun. And our scouts, taking advantage of this, also went into battle. Who picked up weapons from the battlefield, who took away from the enemy. Courage takes cities! And here did not disappoint. All the fascists were soon dead. Now we had to break through to ours. Let me remind you that Maria was very well oriented. She also knew the location of the minefields. And at night she took all her wounded out of the encirclement. True, this also did not go without fighting. Our fighters took cover in thickets of tall grass. And the Nazis ran into them several times. But Masha was always on the alert and managed to shoot first. Here is how she later recalled about that night: “Apparently, having heard the sound of my captured machine gun, the Nazis thought that it was beating their own. So insolent that the officer, trying to get over the ditch, stood up to his full height. I immediately took it off with a single shot. And the machine gunners keep crawling and crawling ... In general, we repulsed the attack. And then the Germans climbed again. I looked, not far away the grass stirred, it was high there, up to a meter. I also swung the machine gun with all my strength at his head. I picked up his machine gun, pulled out two full clips from behind his top and opened fire again ... "

Here is an extract from the petition of the Military Council of the Primorsky Army to award Maria Karpovna the title of Hero of the Soviet Union: “... Comrade Bayda, in a fight with the enemy, destroyed 15 soldiers and 1 officer with a machine gun, four soldiers killed with a butt, recaptured the commander and 8 fighters from the Germans, captured the machine gun and machine guns of the enemy ... "

Fate, having once so tested the girl, did not rest on this. And sent another terrible test. In the summer of 1942, Maria, being wounded, was taken prisoner. She passed through Slavuta and Rovensbrück. Tried to run - failed. But death from hunger and exhaustion did not give up. Stayed alive and fought. So, in Slavuta, Maria met a girl named Ksenia Karenina - a messenger. Together they began to carry out the tasks of the partisans. Just think about it: even in captivity, the girls brought our Victory closer!

Maria was taken to Austria. On the way, at one of the stations, some bauer bought it. But even here the girl fought: she almost stabbed her master with a pitchfork, and for this she was again sent to the camp. Maria is now in the Resistance group. She was unlucky: betrayed by a traitor. The head of the Gestapo of Selzburg himself came for the brave underground worker. The torture began. Mary's teeth were knocked out. They put me in the basement, which was gradually filled with ice water. Then they brought close to the burning fireplace. And again thrown into the same basement. It is useless: the girl, barely standing on her feet, sick with pneumonia, did not give up and did not betray anyone. She lived to see the victorious spring and was released on May 8, 1945.

Maria Karpovna lived a long life. After the Victory, she spent almost four years in hospitals and got back on her feet. She got married and had a son and a daughter. Lived in Sevastopol. I often received letters from different cities of our country. Here is one of them: “Mariichka, dear, you are alive! Mariichka, hello! I'm alive too. This is Shura Arsenyeva writing to you. Do you remember the Simferopol prison, when the Germans with your portrait in their hands were looking for you? How we hid you, bandaged your cheek. Do you remember when we were taken from Simferopol to Slavuta, I was seriously ill with dysentery, you looked after me. When you ran away from the camp, they threw a parcel over the wire to me, the girls brought it ... After that, I didn’t know anything about you, where you were and what happened to you. And suddenly yesterday I saw you in a newsreel. I now live in the Odessa region, the village of Frunzevka ... "

For almost thirty years, Maria Karpovna headed the central registry office in her native Sevastopol. And I think that with her light hand many families have found happiness.

Reading such lines in the mind does not fit what could be!

I look at the photo - not Rambo at all, HOW? how could you!?

Another 70 years will pass and those who read this will consider everything a fiction. Some new-liberoid will conduct a survey - can it be like that!? What will the great-grandchildren of the current egesh wise men answer!?

Maria Baida was born in the Crimean village of Novoselskoye, Ak-Mechensky district (now it is the Black Sea region) on February 1, 1922. At the end of the 7-year plan, in 1936 she began her career as a nurse at the city hospital in Dzhankoy. In 1941, she was going to enter the medical college, but the war made its own adjustments ...

At first, Maria, as part of a medical team from the city hospital, served the ambulance trains stopping in Dzhankoy. From the late autumn of 1941, Baida was a fighter of the 35th battalion of the fighter battalion (the main task of the battalion was to fight German paratroopers, saboteurs, various provocateurs and alarmists, as well as to identify enemy infiltrators).

Description of the feat of Maria Karpovna Baida
On June 7, 1942, the Nazis launched another assault on Sevastopol. The reconnaissance company, in which Maria Bayda fought, held the defense in the area of the Mekenziev mountains. Despite the numerous superiority, the Nazis could not break the desperate resistance of the Soviet soldiers.
Maria was at the very epicenter of the "combat hell", but she showed herself as a brave, sometimes even over-desperate fighter - when the machine ran out of partrons, the girl fearlessly jumped over the parapet, returning with captured machine guns and stores to them. During one of these sorties, a German grenade exploded not far from her - the girl, shell-shocked and wounded in the head, lost consciousness.
Bayda came to in the late afternoon - it was getting dark. As it turned out later, the Nazis broke through the defenses to the right of the positions of the scouts and went into their rear. Of the entire company, only one officer and a dozen and a half fighters survived - the wounded were taken prisoner by the Nazis.
Quickly assessing the situation (there were no more than 20 Nazis in the trenches of the scouts and they were all in one place - not far from the prisoners), Maria decided to attack. Thanks to the suddenness and correct reaction of the captured scouts, who in turn attacked the Germans, as soon as Maria opened fire on the enemy with a machine gun, all the Nazis were destroyed.

Knowing perfectly well the scheme of minefields, under the cover of darkness, Maria Baida led the wounded soldiers to her ...

On July 12, 1942, the seriously wounded Maria was taken prisoner by the Germans. Courageously withstood all hell fascist concentration camps Slavuta and Ravensbruck. It was liberated by the Americans in May 1945.

She returned to Crimea in 1946. Since 1948 she lived permanently in Sevastopol. From 1961 to 1989 she headed the central Sevastopol city registry office.

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Krasnoperekopsky UVK "school-lyceum" No. 2

"MASHA BAIDA. LIFE AND FEAT"

Prepared by:

Loginova Irina, 10-A class

PLAN

Introduction

1. Young Crimean Maria Baida

2. "Get up, huge country, get up for a mortal battle ..."

3. The feat of a scout

4. Life goes on

Conclusion

List of sources used

INTRODUCTION

War, as you know, does not have a female face, although the word "war" and female. Woman giving new life, and this is precisely her high vocation. But during the years of war hard times, when mortal danger hung over her children, her native land, she boldly stood up for their defense. baida hero nurse intelligence war

During the Second World War, women took an active part in the hostilities, in the rear, survived in the occupation zone. Women of the besieged Sevastopol and Leningrad also participated in the hostilities. They were direct participants in the war. After the start of the Great Patriotic War in the USSR, the participation of women in the war was enshrined in legislation and their participation became universal. In addition to the USSR, women from Great Britain, America, Germany, France and others participated in the war. But Russian women endured the greatest burden of the tragedy of the Great Patriotic War. Soviet women performed the role of signalmen, pilots, nurses, intelligence officers, and in the rear, women mastered the hardest male professions. In cities and villages where there was no rear, they became real heroines - they built defensive lines, extinguished fires under explosions of bombs and shells and sorted out the rubble, stood at the machines, looked after the wounded and gave them their blood.

The contribution of women as a health worker has been enormous. The medical workers who operated on the wounded soldiers, the nurses who carried the wounded soldiers from the battlefield - these are tens of thousands of female heroines, whose names we almost do not know today. There were more than 100,000 female medical workers in the Red Army. Millions of Soviet soldiers and officers owe their lives to these women.

According to many soldiers of the Red Army, in many regiments there were female scouts who were sent on a combat mission with little hope that they would return ...

During the war, 87 women became Heroes of the Soviet Union. And one of them is our countrywoman Masha, Maria Karpovna Baida.

1. YOUNG CRIMEAN MARIA BAIDA

No matter what he experiences, no matter where a person has been, he is always drawn to his native land ...

The February wind roamed freely across the steppe, throwing prickly snowflakes in the face. A woman got out of the car, which had stopped at the abandoned barns, carefully looked around and slowly walked across the field. Her companion took a few steps after him and stopped, he realized that now there was no need to talk about anything, but it was better to leave her alone with him.

As a twelve-year-old girl, Masha Baida left her native village of Novy Chuvash, Krasnoperekopsky district, and now, after more than thirty years, she is here again. The village no longer exists, a war roared over this land, destroying some of the houses, and from the survivors, the inhabitants moved to the more comfortable villages of Samokish and Armyansk.

But stubborn memory tells me: there is the "lighthouse" against which our house stood, and then the neighbors' yards - a garden near the Belousov's hut, rare acacias along the street, deep wells (diggers), from where people took bitter-salty water for drinking and watering trees.

Maria Karpovna remembered how she first went to school here. In fact, there was no school in the village. Caring parents cleaned and whitewashed a long stable, put up a roughly knocked together table, several benches, and in such a class in 1931 for the children of the villages of New and Old Chuvash and Karajanai began academic year. Only two months later they were transferred to Armyansk, to a real school with desks and a blackboard, settled in a beautiful spacious boarding school. But every week, in any weather, schoolchildren walked home for 12 kilometers.

Mother died in 1930, when Masha was eight years old, and she, as the eldest, had to look after her brothers and sister, run the household, and even nurse other people's children.

It seems to Masha that even now she feels the weight of the yoke on her shoulders: at lunchtime, cattle were driven to the “artesian” to drink, ten-year-old Masha ran three kilometers to have time to milk the cow, and then, throwing the yoke over her shoulder, bending under the weight of the buckets, she returned to the village, hurrying to winnow the milk through the separator.

In 1934 Baida's family moved to Voinka. Masha went to the 4th grade. Participants in the revolution sometimes came to the school and civil war and told how they fought for Soviet power. Masha listened attentively, but it seemed to her that what they were talking about was a long time ago and will never happen again. The country lived peacefully and the then schoolchildren did not suspect that soon they would also have to fight.

Masha dreamed of becoming a surgeon, working in a large bright hospital, treating people, restoring their health and joy.

After the 7th grade, she did not get into a medical school, but she did not change her dream - she went to work as a nurse at the Military Hospital. In 1939, Masha joined the Komsomol. Immediately there were many public affairs and unresolved issues. With unrest and anxiety, with all the bewilderment, the Komsomol members fled to their district committee. It is not so easy to run 36 kilometers from Voinka to Armyansk after a hard day, but Masha remembers that at ten and eleven o'clock in the evening the district committee of the Komsomol met them with an open door and friendly lights in the windows. They returned from there reassured, cheerful, with songs, stomped their bare feet along a dusty country road (shoes had to be protected), sometimes fell asleep at dawn, and in the morning they went to work again.

Masha worked for three years at the Military Hospital. The girl never thought to wear an army overcoat and soldier's boots, but at the age of nineteen she became a soldier, because on native land Hitler's hordes came and began a long, exhausting, killing millions of lives, path to Victory.

2. “GET UP, HUGE COUNTRY, GET UP FOR A DEATH FIGHT…”

In September 1941, fierce battles broke out at Perekop with the advancing Nazi troops. Dozens of cars and a cart with the wounded pulled deep into the peninsula. Many of them stopped in the village of Voinka, located not far from the front. Together with other women of the village, nineteen-year-old Maria Bayda bandaged their wounds, gave them water and food, and washed the bandages.

And then the columns of our troops stretched through the village, retreating under the pressure of the enemy. Masha, having begged the military doctor, ended up in the medical unit of one of the regiments retreating to Sevastopol. The first months of the battles for Sevastopol, Maria was a nurse, then - a medical instructor of the 514th Infantry Regiment (172nd Infantry Division, Primorsky Army, North Caucasian Front). Rescued the wounded, taught this to others. How many of them took out from the battlefield? I didn’t remember, or rather, I didn’t count. She was busy with one thing: to find a fighter or commander in need of her help in the fire, bandage his wounds and drag him to a more or less safe place. At the same time, do not forget his weapons - every rifle in Sevastopol was registered.

Then, together with the scouts, I had to follow the "language", participate in battles, fight the enemy in hand-to-hand combat. Knowing that Baida was enlisted in the intelligence platoon after her insistent requests, she was once asked:

What prompted you to become a scout? The romance of dangerous combat work?

Maria Karpovna was surprised:

What romance? I saw so much blood and suffering that my heart just turned to stone. I could not forget the destroyed huts, the murdered children, the elderly and women. People were dying on the battlefield before my eyes. Young people were dying, in the prime of their lives - they would still live and live, work for happiness! So the decision came to leave the medical work in the ranks. I had strength and agility. I knew how to shoot, though not in the same way as Lyudmila Pavlichenko (a female sniper, Hero of the Soviet Union). She could move imperceptibly and silently, freely navigate the terrain - after all, often, looking for the wounded, she had to crawl along the "no-man's" lane, a few tens of meters from the German trenches ...

Not everything, of course, was initially successful for the young scout. Maria Karpovna recalled how once she had to drag a chief corporal captured as a prisoner. The Hitlerite turned out to be hefty, and even resisted all the time, although his hands were tied. In general, I had to tinker with this "language", I delayed myself and detained my comrades. As a result, one scout was killed and another was wounded. For violation of discipline, she received three days in a guardhouse from the commander. True, he did not have a chance to serve his sentence.

Two hours later, - recalled Maria Karpovna, - they released me, ordered me to dress “like a woman” (we usually wore breeches and boots) and report to the headquarters. There was an interrogation of the prisoner. I look - the "language" that I dragged. I report my arrival. And then the prisoner is asked: “Do you recognize?” ...

Then they told me that during the interrogation the German refused to answer and kept saying: “Rus, kaput!”. Having carefully looked at me, the Nazi suddenly became agitated, his face was distorted by a grimace, and he began to speak quickly and angrily. The interpreter could barely translate: “What, this woman took me prisoner? the big man was surprised. -- Can not be! I triumphantly passed half of Europe. And then fell into the hands of a Russian woman?

I don’t know how our meeting affected the prisoner, he only became talkative, and our intelligence commander later thanked the whole group, including me, for the “language”, which gave valuable information about the defense system.

3. THE FEAT OF THE SCOUT

You can describe the feats in different ways: officially set out in a weighty collection about the heroes of the war, embellish with fictitious details on the spread of a newspaper, or convey the words and thoughts of the person who performed this feat. One thing is clear: the greatness of the feat does not fade from this, as well as the glory and memory of all the famous and nameless fighters of the Great Patriotic War. So, feat:

Sanitary instructor of the 514th regiment (172nd rifle division, Primorskaya army, North Caucasian Front), Komsomol member, senior sergeant Bayda in one of the battles for Sevastopol in May 1942 released from captivity Soviet commander and several fighters, destroying 15 enemy soldiers from a machine gun and 4 more in hand-to-hand combat with the butt of a machine gun.

Surprisingly, in this battle she remained alive, only got to the hospital. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded on June 20, 1942. (family informationwebsite "Rod Baidy"pomnipro.ru›memorypage17953/biography)

On June 7, 1942, the Nazis launched another assault on Sevastopol. The reconnaissance company, in which Maria Bayda fought, held the defense in the area of the Mekenziev mountains. Despite the numerous superiority, the Nazis could not break the desperate resistance of the Soviet soldiers. Maria was at the very epicenter of the "combat hell", but she showed herself as a brave, sometimes even over-desperate fighter - when the machine ran out of cartridges, the girl fearlessly jumped over the parapet, returning with captured machine guns and magazines to them. During one of these sorties, a German grenade exploded not far from her - the girl, shell-shocked and wounded in the head, lost consciousness.

Bayda came to in the late afternoon - it was getting dark. As it turned out later, the Nazis broke through the defenses to the right of the positions of the scouts and went into their rear. Of the entire company, only one officer and a dozen and a half fighters remained alive - they were wounded and taken prisoner by the Nazis. Quickly assessing the situation (there were no more than 20 Nazis in the trenches of the scouts, and they were all in one place - not far from the prisoners), Maria decided to attack. Thanks to the suddenness and correct reaction of the captured scouts, who in turn attacked the Germans, as soon as Maria opened fire on the enemy with a machine gun, all the Nazis were destroyed. Knowing perfectly well the scheme of minefields, under the cover of darkness, Maria Baida led the wounded soldiers to her ...

The battle of June 7, 1942, I remember to the smallest detail. On this day, the Germans began the third assault on Sevastopol. We were on guard. It was not yet dawn when fascist planes appeared over our positions. They swept in endless flocks, dropping large and small bombs on us. Explosions of shells joined the bomb strikes. Everything around was trembling in a frantic dance.

We literally hit the ground. “Hold on tight to the ground, Maria! She won't give it away...' It's Misha Mosenko screaming over the roar, he's lying next to me. Found the same guy time for jokes! But his words cheered me up.

The sky is silent. And soon the fiery shaft rolled to our rear, and then we saw the Nazis advancing on the offensive. A fight broke out. We opened fire too. Misha - from a German machine gun - his yesterday's trophy.

During the battle, a group of fascists climbed right on me, and without any caution. Apparently, having heard the sound of my captured machine gun, the Nazis decided that it was theirs. So insolent that the officer, trying to get over the ditch, stood up to his full height. I immediately took it off with a single shot. A soldier rushed to him - laid him down too. And the submachine gunners keep crawling and crawling. Got over a dozen of them. In general, we repulsed the attack. And then the Germans climbed again.

I looked, not far away the grass stirred, it was high there, up to a meter. Yours or someone else's? Closer, closer... And I didn't have any cartridges or grenades left. Nearby, a few centimeters away, a German helmet and shoulder straps appeared - a fascist! There is no time to think. She also swung her machine gun with all the strength of a Nazi on the head. She picked up his machine gun, pulled out two full clips from his top and opened fire again. During the battle, she suddenly felt a burn and a sharp pain in her temple and in her arm: these were fragments of a grenade. I woke up when Misha was bandaging his head...

They fought all day, often it came to hand-to-hand fights. Cartridges were collected from the seriously wounded and killed. By the end of the day we were surrounded. When it got dark, all the survivors from our reconnaissance platoon gathered, about ten people gathered. All the wounded, except for Misha. I hear a young Red Army soldier (he came to us not long before) say in fright: “How are we going to get out of here now: there are Germans all around?”

The German conversation really reached us - the Nazis were nearby. "I'll take it out, don't worry! - I say as calmly as possible, although I myself am also worried. “I know every bush here.” The area was really familiar to me: before, several times I had made my way to the neutral zone for green onions. But on our way - minefields. Can I find a path between them?

They crawled through a deep ditch. They crawled for a long time. But now there should already be a path, but it's still not there. And there is no time to think. I stopped the fighters, got up and went. Now the main danger is mines. I’m walking, but there’s only one thing in my head: will I explode or not? Finally, here it is, the path. In general, everything went well, they went out to their own.

The seriously injured were sent to the hospital. After bandaging, I managed to return to my scouts. And again fights. In one of them, the wounded head was badly hurt, other wounds made themselves felt: they began to bleed, the temperature rose.

Soon I was taken to the hospital, to the Inkerman galleries. Here, in a hospital bed, I learned that I had been awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. (from the memoirs of M.K. Bayda)

4. LIFE GOES ON

After the capture of Sevastopol by the Nazis, Masha Baida, seriously wounded, with a broken leg, was taken prisoner.

She later recalled:

Perhaps God supported me. Otherwise, how could I, with such a leg, to which reinforcing bars were bandaged instead of plaster, walk in a column of prisoners of war, driven by shots and shouts, from Sevastopol to Simferopol?

In captivity, she was courageous and steadfast. Passed the concentration camps Slavut, Ravensbrück. In Austria, they managed to get to a camp for civilians. She worked at a logging site in the Austrian Alps, until, by denunciation, she ended up in the dungeons of the Gestapo. Released from the Gestapo by American troops on May 8, 1945. The soldiers who liberated the camp carried her half-dead out of the cell.

After the war she was demobilized. Only in 1946 did Maria return to her homeland, she lay in hospitals for a long time, her health returned slowly and reluctantly. Maria Karpovna underwent several operations, but until the end of her life, old wounds made themselves felt.

The years of war, the cruel trials that fell to her lot, did not break Maria Karpovna. Even in adulthood she was beautiful, cheerful, with a soft smile. Looking at her face, radiating warmth and calmness, it was hard to imagine her in a fierce battle.

M. K. Bayda worked as the head of the registry office of the Sevastopol City Executive Committee, for 28 years of work she gave parting words and handed over certificates of marriage registration to about 60,000 young couples, registered more than 70,000 newborns. She was repeatedly elected to the city council.

The order of Lenin;

Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class;

Medal of Honor";

Medals "Gold Star".

CONCLUSION

Unfortunately, Maria Karpovna is no longer with us. There are memories of meetings with her and separate records of conversations. And yet - human gratitude and memory ...

The name of Maria Karpovna Bayda is listed on a memorial plaque dedicated to the defenders of Sevastopol, who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the defense of Sevastopol.

Since 1976 she has been an Honorary Citizen of the city of Sevastopol.

On September 20, 2005, three years after her death, it was decided to give the children's park in the area of Odesskaya Street the name "Komsomol Park named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Maria Bayda."

According to statistics, more than 980,000 women were drafted into the Red Army during the war years. These women participated in the fighting, they served in the air defense forces, drove bombers, were snipers, sappers and nurses. In the USSR, they got used to the fact that a woman serves in the army shoulder to shoulder with men. This became a monstrous reality and a colossal, invaluable contribution to victory in the fight against the Nazi invaders.

LIST OF USED SOURCES

1. Baida M.K. - STAR OF THE HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION No. 6183 (Internet site http://mos-dv.ru/?p=7225)

2. Essay "Sevastopol Waltz" on the site "Orthodox Ukraine"

3. Family website "Rod Bayda" pomnipro.ru›memorypage17953/biography

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