There is in the world great amount phobia. Many great men have suffered some form of these diseases. For example, Peter the Great was subject to "acarophobia" (fear of insects) and "special phobia" (fear of empty spaces). Napoleon suffered from "hyppophobia" (fear of horses) and "leukophobia" (fear of white color). There were never white horses in his stables. Gogol from his youth suffered from tatephobia (fear of being buried alive). This fear was so excruciating that he repeatedly gave a written order to bury him only when signs of obvious decomposition appeared. In addition, from the age of thirty, Gogol suffered from pathophobia - the fear of the diverse.
The term "phobia" comes from the Greek "phobos" - fear, horror. Phobia - obsessive fears. There is a significant difference between a simple fear and an obsessive one: with a phobia, a person, as a rule, understands that his fear is not caused by anything and even meaningless, but at the same time he does not stop being afraid. Almost everyone is prone to having obsessive fears. Therefore, phobias are quite common. And there are a lot of varieties. People are afraid of spiders and snakes, heights and public transport, open or closed space. There is even such a species as "phobophobia" - the fear of acquiring some kind of phobia.
Phobias are divided into 3 types: simple, social and agoraphobia. People with simple phobias experience a mortal fear of a particular object, place, or situation. social phobias- this is when people avoid situations where there are a lot of people, such as parties, because they are afraid to do something, so as not to compromise themselves. And agoraphobic sufferers are victims of a complex phenomenon based on the fear of unfamiliar places.
Signs of a phobia include regular avoidance of a situation in which a feeling of fear arises, and the onset of panic attacks. They are easy to recognize by the following features:
feeling of suffocation, spasms in the throat;
palpitations ("heart jumps out of the chest");
vomiting or upset stomach;
the body seems "not its own", ceases to obey;
the feeling of going crazy.
If there are at least four of these signs, the presence of a phobia can be assumed.
Phobias, are they inherent in teenagers? Of course yes! Teenage phobias based on the feeling of "I am the environment." Again, the occurrence of such phobias does not depend on age, although adolescents suffer from them more often. These are "thanatophobia" (fear of death), which is absent in children (who do not yet understand the value of life), and phobias of space (agora- and claustrophobia), and "nosophobia" (fear of getting sick with something).
Acousticophobia - fear of loud sounds
Algophobia, algophobia - fear of pain
Amatophobia - fear of dust
Apiphobia - fear of bees, wasps, bumblebees
Arachnophobia - fear of spiders
Aritmophobia (also numerophobia) - phobia of a number (certain)
Batrachophobia (bufonophobia) - fear of frogs and toads
Bogiphobia (phasmophobia) - fear of ghosts, spirits, devils, scarecrows
Brontophobia (keraunophobia) - fear of thunder, thunder, lightning, storm
Venetophobia - the fear of contracting a sexually transmitted disease
Hexakosiohexekontahexaphobia - fear of the number 666
Hemophobia is the fear of blood. That is, when a person sees blood, he may either faint or start screaming.
Glossophobia - fear of public speaking
Zoophobia is the fear of animals, most often of a particular species (cats, chickens, etc.)
Claustrophobia - fear of closed spaces
Maleusiophobia (also tocophobia) - fear of childbirth
Electrophobia - fear of electricity
1963 Ferrari 250 GTO
Ideal expensive car
When only it was released from the assembly line, it cost $ 18,000. True, it was possible to buy it only with the permission of the Ferrari owner, but no one sees a problem in this. Is not it?
There is another feature of this machine - only thirty-six of them were produced. This has created a huge demand for vehicle, so in 1988 one of them was auctioned off for $2,000,000, and in 1994 for $13,300,000. But the price did not stop there, and in 2008 one of the British buyers bought it for 15.7 million euros.
Cars of this class are becoming more expensive every year, so it is more profitable to invest in them than even in gold. This is not only the most expensive car, but also the most: beautiful, stylish, unique, powerful and comfortable.
The maximum speed that the Ferrari 250 GTO can accelerate is 280 kilometers per hour and picks up to 100 km / h in 6.1 seconds, which is quite good for its age. Engine with a capacity of 302 horsepower and a volume of 2953 cm3.
In the name of the model, the number “250” indicates the volume of any of the cylinders. And “GTO” can be deciphered as Gran Turismo Omologata.
This model competed in the World Manufacturer's Championship, which took place from 1962 to 1964. Such a car was the last of the Ferrari, which would have the engine in front, like ordinary cars.
His Majesty the Bugatti Veyron
Let's look at the top 10 most expensive cars after the Ferrari 250 GTO to understand what is so attractive and exciting about it, making it so famous. So, we meet Bugatti Veyron - the most expensive car in the world. The cost of such a masterpiece of mechanical engineering is $1,700,000.
This “miracle of technology” has an engine of enormous power of 1000 hp. and to reach up to a hundred kilometers per hour it will take him 2.8 seconds. The speed that such a “rocket” can develop is 407 km / h and in terms of its characteristics it is ahead of even super-class motorcycles Suzuki GSX-R1000!
The unrivaled Ferrari Enzo
Although such a car costs a little less - a million dollars, however, this is a real car that has been adapted for standard roads. It was not for nothing that he was named after the father of the founder of this brand.
Currently, the Ferrari Enzo is the most modern and advanced vehicle. Such a chopped and squat dream of every motorist cannot be compared with either invisible military fighters or modern submarines.
This is a completely complete and original car in its perfection. It is so perfect that it does not require any finishing touches and improvements.
Elegant Pagani Zonda C12 F
The super-sports car industry showed off its creative edge at the Geneva Motor Show with the unveiling of the Zonda F. For most Russians, such a car is worth a fortune—$741,000. The heart of this two-seat convertible is a 7.3-liter twelve-cylinder engine producing 602 horsepower at 6,150 rpm. This model generates a maximum torque (at 4,000 rpm) of as much as 760 Nm.
The total engine power goes through to large 20-inch rims with 223/30 tire sizes. Front-wheel drive on such a car is equipped with 19-inch wheels with 255/35 tire sizes.
Fast Koenigsegg CCX
This is one of the fastest cars in the world from the Swedish concern Koenigsegg Automotive AB worth $600,910. The chassis and body of such a machine are made of ultralight, which is reinforced with aluminum cells.
Everything in such a car is subordinated to the idea to bring to life a huge speed and CCX did not hit the face in the dirt. After all, he accelerates to a hundred kilometers in only 3.2 seconds. The maximum machine can reach a speed of 395 km / h.
The Koenigsegg CCX has an 8-cylinder V-twin engine with a displacement of 4.7 horsepower, a double camshaft with an output of about 806 horsepower (6900 rpm). Such a car develops a torque of 920 Nm (at 5700 rpm).
It has a special six-speed gearbox and an increased security system. With a mixed driving cycle, such a “miracle of technology” consumes only 17 liters per hundred kilometers.
Stylish Porsche Carrera GT
As unfortunate as this statement sounds, Porsche will soon stop making the Carrera GT. The company's policy is that it was supposed to release 1500 units, and only 1270 cars will be manufactured.
At the moment, the production of the last batch of such a car is being completed. Half of these ultra-modern vehicles were destined for the United States at a cost of $440,000.
In Europe, the price was slightly raised, and it was in the range of 330 thousand euros. Such an exotic car could be bought at a price of 580,000 euros.
Behind the cockpit of the Carraera GT is a ten-cylinder engine with a volume of 5.7 liters and a capacity of 612 horsepower. To a hundred kilometers per hour, such a car “gets” in 3.9 seconds, and after 6 seconds on the speedometer you can see a mark of 200 km / h. The maximum that can be squeezed out of such a high-speed car is 330 km / h.
Solid SLR McLaren
You can buy a Mercedes SLR McLaren for $455,500 and it's worth it. After all, each car received a boosted engine that can reach 100 km / h in less than 3.6 seconds.
And this car reaches 200 km / h in just 10.2 seconds. The maximum “squeeze” out of such a vehicle can be 337 kilometers per hour.
Prestigious Maybach 62
Such a car is a revived Daimler Chrysler brand. After all, this is a magnificent limousine made in Stuttgart. It is distinguished, of course, by its size, excellent quality and exclusive.
Technologically, the Maybach 62 applied the developments of the well-known Mercedes-Benz company. Such a prestigious car costs only 385,250 dollars, which, according to the price criteria of the most, the most, is not very expensive.
Executive Rolls-Royce Phantom
On May 4, 2004, the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the meeting of Henry Royce and Charles Rolls took place, which was the reason for the emergence of the Rolls-Royce brand. Therefore, the company decided to release a special series of super luxury cars. They will only be made in limited quantities.
Technically, such a vehicle will not differ in any way from the main version, and will receive the same twelve-cylinder engine. The main innovations concern the interior of such a sedan. Here you will see plates with the names of the founders of Rolls-Royce, as well as a stamped number assigned only to this particular car.
Even these cars will be complemented by an improved front panel trim, which will already have mahogany and aluminum inserts. Also here you can see some additional devices that are not included in regular models. The Rolls-Royce Phantom is priced at $320,000.
Arrow-shaped Lamborghini Murcielago
It is worth, of course, by our Russian standards, such a car is a little expensive - 279,900 dollars. Some auto reviewers have always criticized the most expensive cars in the world. Photos that have only been seen. So it was with Lamborghini.
But when you personally look at such a work of art of mechanical engineering, the admiration is so great that you simply do not dare to criticize. Yes, the Murcielago design may not look like the first (shark-like) Lambo, but the appeal of such a car is so great that it is simply impossible to take your eyes off. It is impossible to confuse such a car with something else.
The chassis of this car is balanced between two extremes. The body is made of carbon fiber, and the transmission was placed in front of the cab to create optimal load: front - 42%, and rear - 58%.
An interesting fact is the implementation of the drive on the Murcielago, because it distributes power to all four wheels, which is unusual for these classes of cars. The movement of such a car is carried out with the help of 18-inch wheels, which are “dressed” in Pirelli P Zero Rosso rubber.
Each of the doors at Lamborghini traditionally do not open, but rise like wings. The seats are designed in the form of a bucket, which makes it easier to get out of the car than in previous models.
This is a fully sports car, both internally and externally. Steering wheel, variable gearbox, leather seats, pedals - everything is where it needs to be in order to form a single whole with the driver.
The engine is made on such a car according to the highest sports category (for 12,580 horsepower). It is capable of speeds of 205 mph. And 60 mph Lamborghini develops in 3.8 seconds.
However, even at lower speeds, there is no torque spike, so the driver does not need to push the higher torque (7500 rpm) to get the feeling of “engine power”.
Definitely, the Murcielago is not designed for city driving. Driving in a dense stream of city cars can cause a lot of inconvenience. After all, such a car loves a long and comfortable strip of an almost deserted highway.
Serious Aston Martin Vanquish
This is the last car in the top most expensive cars in the world. The price of such a car is $ 255,000 and it picks up speeds of up to hundreds of miles in 10 seconds. It would be worth clarifying the figure of 60 miles in 4.5 seconds, but such data does not sound so impressive.
So few of the production cars have such parameters. However, this is not surprising, but the ease with which such “monsters” are controlled even at high speeds.
Vanquish enters various turns without much effort. After all, you can feel the speed limit only on racing tracks. Since on other roads it simply does not skid.
It is also positive in such a car that for city trips it provides for the possibility of switching on an automatic transmission. Inside, Aston looks spacious. It has plenty of leg room and leather is visible everywhere. Although you can order any finishing material when buying a car. The car pleases with large and convenient controls. They are designed so that the driver is not distracted by them while driving, but fully enjoys the “flight” on this “swallow”.
Each of these outstanding cars impresses with its shape, design and performance. What model would you like to have in your garage? Write the name in the comments and who knows, maybe after a while it will appear for you. After all, taking the first step is always difficult, so let's do it today by writing it on this page!
Video about the most expensive cars in the world
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There is no single answer to the question of what is the most beautiful gemstone. There are a huge number of natural and extraterrestrial mineral formations in the world, which, due to their rarity and beauty, deserve to be considered the most beautiful and expensive.
How the cost is determined
Precious stones from ancient times are a symbol of wealth, luxury and power. Their high cost is formed due to a rare combination of mineral components, non-proliferation and special sizes. The less this stone can be found in the world, the higher its price will be. If a rare mineral was found in a particularly large size, then its value will be sky-high.
Large and rare minerals are hunted all over the world. Most collectors are willing to pay a fortune to own one of these stones. Owners of rare minerals who want to sell them make their sales in a narrow circle at special auctions where incognito collectors gather. Therefore, even semi-precious stones of large sizes at such auctions go for significant amounts.
The weight of stones is usually measured in carats. This is a generally accepted unit of measurement for all existing minerals on the planet. The more carats in a stone, the higher its value. Same with precious metals. The cost of the stone can be attributed to its purity and transparency. That is, the less inclusions of other rocks and various impurities, the more valuable such a stone becomes.
There are many different gemstones that have their own special history. Most often, the larger and more expensive the stone, the more bloody trail trails behind it.
Kings and rulers fought for the right to own great precious stones in ancient times. Each country where kings and monarchs once ruled has its own relics in the form of crowns and other attributes of power, inlaid with famous stones. Each found stone of especially large sizes becomes famous and acquires its own unique history.
Usually, a precious stone is valued for its size, so they are rarely crushed and even cut. Large minerals try to keep in their natural form. But some can be processed to give them a more noble look so that they can be inserted into one of the owner's precious things.
Varieties of minerals
In addition to the well-known and common diamonds and diamonds, there are many more unique and interesting gemstones. These include:
- Rubies.
- Sapphires.
The category of semi-precious stones should also be highlighted. They are inferior in their significance and value to the above, since they are found a little more often in nature. But if one of the crystals representing this group is found especially large and in pure form, its value is very high. Many of these semi-precious minerals compete in beauty and price with more well-known minerals.
The group of semi-precious stones, which have representatives with a well-known and rather famous history, includes:
- Opals.
- Grenades.
- Jades.
- Topazes.
- Tourmalines.
- Aquamarines.
The category of semi-precious minerals includes many representatives. The stones highlighted in the list have had very bright and extraordinary representatives throughout the history of mankind, who were honored to decorate royal relics and stand next to more expensive stones.
Unique representatives of minerals
The list of well-known and famous stones is quite large. They periodically appear and disappear. When another deposit of precious and semi-precious minerals is discovered, a new star will surely flare up.
One of the representatives of diamonds was considered very famous at one time. Its name is known all over the world - it's Cullinan. It reached large sizes, and its weight was more than 3000 carats. The stone was distinguished by its unique purity and transparency. It was subsequently divided into two parts and created the famous diamonds.
The largest diamond of these resulting pieces was inserted into the scepter of the Queen of England - " big star Africa", and another, a little less, deserved a place of honor in the crown of the British kingdom.
Another beautiful and quite rare diamond is the Diamond Red Shield. This is a unique red diamond, which is small in size and weight, but worth almost $10 million. The most expensive and largest among diamonds is considered to be "Century". It costs about 100 million.
Among the sapphires, one can single out Kashmir. The heaviest of them weighed about 42 kg. But the main parameter of price and beauty is its deep blue color without inclusions and impurities. Sapphires also have a valuable star color. They are very rare. The most famous is the Lone Star.
The largest sapphire weighed 61,000 carats before being cut. After processing, he was given the name "Millennium". The main value and beauty of the mineral is not in color and purity, but in processing, as images of many prominent personalities were engraved on its surface.
Representatives of precious minerals emeralds are quite rare in nature, so they are valued on a par with diamonds. Transparent green minerals are rare. The most valuable emeralds have a rich green gamut. The largest mineral weighed 11.5 kg. It was called "God's Gift".
Another precious mineral is ruby. Its significance depends not so much on size, but on the presence of flaws, purity and saturation of color. The name of the largest ruby \u200b\u200bis "Raja ratna", or "King of Gems". The ideal ruby is bright scarlet or purplish red.
The crown of King Wenceslas of Prague is adorned with the famous rubies. Moreover, due to their quality and color, they cost much more than diamonds with the same weight.
The famous aquamarine of Brazilian origin - "Don Pedro" - has a weight of up to 2 kg. It is kept in Washington. Pure, unique in its beauty, the famous tourmaline competes in value with diamonds. It has the longest name - "Divine Ethereal Caroline".
Among the rare garnets, blue can be distinguished. It was discovered only a few decades ago, but for one carat they offer almost $ 2,000. This type of garnet is valued for its unusual blue-green hues and the purity of the crystal itself.
A representative of rare opals is considered to be a black type of crystal. It is found in Australia and Brazil. But it is very rare in the world. The range of colors of such an opal can be from pale gray to deep black.
The beautiful alexandrite stone already attracts with its name. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it easily changes its color scheme. In daylight, it may have green-bluish tones, becoming darker with rich green hues. Under artificial lighting, it can be a delicate raspberry-pink hue, bright purple or violet. For the first time this kind of crystal was found in Russia 2 centuries ago.
A rather interesting semi-precious crystal is jadeite. It is considered the most mysterious mineral on the planet. Its main color is green. A mineral is valuable if it is free of inclusions and has a uniform structure. Jade good quality on the market of precious metals and stones can cost from 20 thousand dollars per carat. Which gem is the most beautiful, everyone chooses for himself.
There are a lot of interesting and unusually attractive crystals in the world, therefore, taking into account the tastes and values of each person, it can be argued that all minerals are beautiful and unusual.
There are a huge variety of symbols in the world. And perhaps the most famous of them is the cross. What does this symbol mean, what does it symbolize?
Since the existence of the cross as a symbol in Western culture is directly related to Christianity, let's start with a consideration of the Christian understanding of this symbol. According to Christians, Jesus Christ, the founder of Christianity, died on the cross. Moreover, as the Christians themselves say, "he truly died." Moreover, he died with great suffering.
Execution on the cross, a common procedure in the Roman Empire, was used as the ultimate punishment. It was considered a shameful execution, and was applied to especially dangerous and malicious criminals - Christian evangelists tell us about this. Let us especially note that according to the same Christian sources, Jesus only died on the cross. Resurrected, i.e. he came to life "in the flesh" in a completely different place, three days later.
It is not difficult to guess that the cross for Christians, as well as for the contemporary inhabitants of the Roman Empire, unambiguously symbolized death. A shameful, painful death.
In this, and in no other sense, the cross entered the symbolism of Christianity. This was very well suited to the spiritual and philosophical foundations of Christianity, for which main point has what will happen to a person after death, which gave Christians the "opportunity" to treat human life "in the flesh" with contempt and led to such monstrous practices as "mortification of the flesh."
It was this symbol, due to its deadly meaning, that was chosen by the warriors. crusades. The presence of a cross on their clothes symbolized the death they carried to all "infidels". This directly led to the fact that for non-Christian peoples, in particular for Muslims, the cross acquired the same meaning - it became a symbol of death.
For the new Russian history, the cross became even more deadly in its meaning during the years of the Great Patriotic War, when the symbol of the cross, we note - the same as that of the crusaders, was carried by the most ferocious invaders that Russia had only encountered.
Another function of the cross, based on its symbolic meaning - the meaning of death, is firmly entrenched in folk life. This is the erection of a cross on human graves. As you can see, this function comes directly from the meaning of the cross, which in the given circumstances symbolizes - here is death, here lies a dead person.
Let us now consider how many rituals and ways of using the cross as a symbol look in the light of this meaning of the cross.
In addition to cemeteries, crosses are now being installed on Christian temples and churches. characteristic property many Christian churches, as you probably know, is the presence in them of human remains - relics. In this sense, the Christian temple is a grave, a burial place, which is already enough to place a cross over it - a symbol of death. But there are also living people in the temple. What are they doing there? They are preparing for death. They are trying to atone for sins in order to receive some benefits after death. Even if they do not master the technique of mortifying the flesh, they attach particular importance to the moment of death, since it is a special moment for them - the beginning of existence after death. In a sense, we can say that they are already half dead, and the temple crowned with a cross is for them a kind of common grave grown out of the ground - a bridge from this world to the next.
Think now what happens when a person "crosses himself," or worse, puts this symbol of a painful and shameful death on himself. By this, a person shows other people that he is, as it were, dead or longing to die, since earthly life for him is, in general, an insignificant phenomenon in comparison with the eternity coming after death, "mortal eternity."
Consider what happens when a priest baptizes your child by placing a symbol of death on it.
Thus, it can be reliably concluded that buildings and people bearing the symbol of the cross, with the help of this symbol, show that they no longer belong to the world of the living, but belong to the world of the dead. In addition, it becomes clear that the religion that has chosen the cross as its main symbol is a cult of death, the religion of the dead is a "dead" religion. This conclusion is not unexpected. After all, it is well known that all Christian saints have already died, and it is possible to meet with the Christian god, the god of the dead, only after death.
(c)
Other articles in the literary diary:
- 30.06.2016. ***
- 29.06.2016. ***
- 27.06.2016. ***
- 26.06.2016. ***
- 25.06.2016. ***
- 06/22/2016. Arthur Rimbaud - First Evening
- 20.06.2016. ***
- 19.06.2016. ***
- 17.06.2016. ***
- 16.06.2016. ***
- 14.06.2016. ***
- 13.06.2016. ***
- 11.06.2016. ***
- 10.06.2016. ***
- 09.06.2016. ***
- 06/08/2016. Muses
- 07.06.2016. The cross as a symbol of death
- 06.06.2016.
AT modern world there are a huge number of "axioms" that no one disputes. So, most are sure that the chameleon changes color for disguise, in the Middle Ages people lived very little, and the dog sweats his tongue.
This review will destroy many "credible claims" that actually have nothing to do with reality.
1. The earth revolves around the sun
The earth does not actually orbit the sun. It revolves around the center of mass of the solar system, known as the barycenter. Although this point is often within the Sun, it can be moved outside the Sun due to the gravitational pull of the major planets. Therefore, at least for some time, everything in solar system orbits around empty space.
2. Taste zones of the tongue
There are no different regions on the tongue that define different tastes. Each type of taste can be experienced by any part of the tongue.
3. Orphaned chicks
If you pick up a chick that has fallen out of the nest and put it back, a popular myth says that the bird will abandon its young. This is actually complete nonsense.
4. Sugar makes a person hyperactive
Sugar does not actually make a person hyperactive or stimulate thought processes. According to the latest data from Yale University scientists, this is purely a placebo effect.
5. Chameleons change color for camouflage
Chameleons do not change their color to camouflage themselves with their surroundings. They change their color to communicate.
6. Redheads and blondes are "dying out"
Redheads and blondes are by no means "dying out". They are indeed becoming rarer as the world's population increases, but in order for redheads to disappear completely, all the people who carry the genes for this hair color in their blood must die.
7. All bats are blind
All bats are not blind. While many species do use echolocation, some have excellent night vision and do not rely on echolocation at all.
8. Life expectancy in the Middle Ages was low
The average life expectancy in the Middle Ages was not as low as everyone used to think. The median age was indeed lower, but this was mainly due to high infant mortality. Most adults lived into their 60s.
9. Skin absorbs water
If you put your fingers in water, the skin on them wrinkles. It is commonly believed that this is because the skin absorbs water. In fact, the skin is wrinkling because it is "instructed by the brain" to do so. Why such a command comes - no one knows.
10. Coriolis effect when flushing the toilet
The Coriolis effect does not change the direction in which the water in the toilet rotates when flushed. This effect occurs only in large bodies of water.
11. The Great Wall of China with the ISS visible
The pyramids can be seen from much greater distance in space than the Great Wall of China. Despite popular myth, the wall is not visible even from the International Space Station.
12. Nails and hair grow after death.
Nails and hair do not continue to grow after death. The skin surrounding them will begin to decompose and peel off, which makes it look like the hair is growing.
13. Dogs sweat their tongues.
In fact, dogs do not sweat through the tongue. Most dog sweat glands are located on the pads of their paws. While dogs do stick their tongue out, they don't do it for sweating at all, but for thermoregulation.
14. Tomatoes are recognized as vegetables.
To simplify taxation, tomatoes were legally recognized as vegetables. At the same time, it is by no means stated that they "are vegetables in any botanical sense." Tomatoes are still berries.
15. Euphorbia is deadly to pets.
The spurge plant is not fatal to pets. It can only cause indigestion.
