What prevents people from flying in space at the speed of light. Virtual tour "Spacecraft Stuck at sub-light speeds

Dear members of the expedition! We begin with you the Third flight under the Star Trek Masters program. The crew is prepared. We have already learned a lot about the starry sky. And now - the most important thing. How will we explore outer space? Ask your friends: what do they fly in space? Many, for sure, will answer - on a rocket! And here is not true. Let's deal with this issue.

What is a rocket?

This is a firecracker, and a type of military weapon, and, of course, an apparatus that flies into space. Only in astronautics it is called booster . (Incorrectly sometimes called launch vehicle, because they are not carrying a rocket, but the rocket itself puts space devices into orbit).

launch vehicle- a device operating on the principle of jet propulsion and designed to launch spacecraft, satellites into outer space, orbital stations and other payload. To date, this is the only vehicle known to science capable of launching a spacecraft into orbit.

This is the most powerful Russian Proton-M launch vehicle.

In order to enter Earth orbit, it is necessary to overcome the force of gravity, that is, the Earth's gravity. It is very large, so the rocket must move at a very high speed. The rocket needs a lot of fuel. You can see several first stage fuel tanks below. When they run out of fuel, the first stage separates and falls (into the ocean), thus it is no longer ballast for the rocket. It also happens with the second, third stage. As a result, only the spacecraft itself, located in the nose of the rocket, is launched into orbit.

Space vehicles.

So, we already know that in order to overcome the earth's gravity and put a spacecraft into orbit, we need a launch vehicle. And what are spacecraft?

artificial earth satellite (satellite) is a spacecraft orbiting the Earth. Used for research, experiments, communications, telecommunications and other purposes.

Here it is, the world's first artificial Earth satellite, launched in the Soviet Union in 1957. Quite small, right?

Currently, more than 40 countries are launching their satellites.

It is the first French satellite launched in 1965. They named him Asterix.

Spaceships- are used to deliver goods and people to the Earth's orbit and their return. There are automatic and manned.

This is our latest generation Russian manned spacecraft Soyuz TMA-M. Now he is in space. It was launched into orbit by a Soyuz-FG launch vehicle.

American scientists have developed another system for launching people and cargo into space.

Space transportation system, better known as space shuttle(from English. Spaceshuttle - space shuttle listen)) is an American reusable transport spacecraft. The shuttle is launched into space using launch vehicles, maneuvers in orbit like a spacecraft, and returns to Earth like an airplane. The shuttle Discovery made the most flights.

And this is the launch of the shuttle Endeavor. The Endeavor made its first flight in 1992. The Endeavor Shuttle is scheduled to complete the Space Shuttle program. The launch of his last mission is scheduled for February 2011.

The third country that has managed to go into space is China.

Chinese spacecraft Shenzhou ("Magic Boat"). By design and appearance resembles the Soyuz and was developed with the help of Russia, but is not an exact copy of the Russian Soyuz.

Where are they heading spaceships? To the stars? Not yet. They can fly around the Earth, they can get to the Moon, or they can dock with a space station.

international space station (ISS) - manned orbital station, space research complex. ISS is a joint international project involving sixteen countries (in alphabetical order): Belgium, Brazil, Great Britain, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Italy, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, USA, France, Switzerland, Sweden, Japan.

The station is assembled from modules directly in orbit. Modules are separate parts, gradually delivered by transport ships. It receives power from solar panels.

But it is important not only to escape from gravity and be in space. The astronaut still needs to safely return to Earth. For this, descent vehicles are used.

Landing vehicles- are used to deliver people and materials from an orbit around a planet or an interplanetary trajectory to the planet's surface.

Descent of the descent vehicle on a parachute - The final stage space travel when returning to Earth. The parachute is used to soften the landing and braking artificial satellites and crewed spacecraft.

This is the descent vehicle of Yuri Gagarin, the first man to fly into space on April 12, 1961. In honor of the 50th anniversary of this event, 2011 was named the Year of Cosmonautics.

Can a person fly to another planet? Not yet. The only thing heavenly body, where people managed to land - the Moon satellite of the Earth.

In 1969, American astronauts landed on the moon. The manned spacecraft Apollo 11 helped them fly. In orbit of the moon, undocked from the ship lunar module and landed on the surface. After spending 21 hours on the surface, the astronauts went back on the takeoff module. And on the surface of the moon remained the landing part. Outside, a plate with a map of the hemispheres of the Earth was strengthened on it and the words “Here, people from planet Earth first set foot on the moon. July 1969 new era. We come in peace on behalf of all Humanity." What good words!

But what about the exploration of other planets? Is it possible? Yes. That's what planet rovers are for.

rovers- automatic laboratory complexes or vehicles, to move on the surface of the planet and other celestial body.

The world's first planetary rover "Luna-1" was launched on the surface of the Moon on November 17, 1970 by the Soviet interplanetary station "Luna-17" and worked on its surface until September 29, 1971 (on this day the last successful communication session with the device was carried out) .

Lunokhod "Luna-1". He worked on the Moon for almost a year, after which he remained on the surface of the Moon. BUT ... In 2007, scientists who conducted laser sounding of the Moon HAVE NOT DETECTED it there! What happened to him? Did a meteorite hit? Or?...

How many more mysteries does space hold? How much is connected with the planet closest to us - Mars! And so American scientists managed to send two rovers to this red planet.

There were many problems with the launch of the rovers. Until they thought of giving them their own names. In 2003, the United States held a real competition for names for new rovers. The winner was a 9-year-old girl, an orphan from Siberia, who was adopted by an American family. She suggested calling them Spirit (“Spirit”) and Opportunity (“Opportunity”). These names were chosen from 10,000 others.

January 3, 2011 marks seven years since the Spirit rover (pictured above) began operations on the surface of Mars. Spirit got stuck in the sands in April 2009 and hasn't been in contact with Earth since March 2010. It is not currently known if this rover is still alive.

Meanwhile, its twin named "Opportunity" is currently exploring the 90m diameter crater.

And this rover is just getting ready to launch.

It's a whole martian scientific laboratory, which is preparing to be sent to Mars in 2011. It will be several times larger and heavier than the existing twin rovers.

And finally, let's talk about starships. Do they exist in reality or is it just fantasy? Exist!

starship- a spacecraft (spaceship) capable of moving between star systems or even galaxies.

In order for the spacecraft to become a starship, it is enough for it to reach the third cosmic speed. At present, spacecraft of this type are the Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2 spacecraft that left the solar system.

This " Pioneer-10» (USA) - an unmanned spacecraft designed mainly to study Jupiter. It was the first spacecraft to fly past Jupiter and photograph it from space. The twin apparatus Pioneer 11 also explored Saturn.

It was launched on March 2, 1972. In 1983, he passed the orbit of Pluto and became the first device launched from Earth to leave the limits solar system.

However, outside the solar system with "Pioneer-10" began to happen mysterious phenomena. A force of unknown origin began to slow him down. The last signal from Pioneer 10 was received on January 23, 2003. It was reported that he was heading towards Aldebaran. If nothing happens to it along the way, it will reach the vicinity of the star in 2 million years. Such a long flight... A gold plate is fixed on board the apparatus, where the location of the Earth is indicated for aliens, as well as a number of images and sounds are recorded.

space tourism

Of course, many people want to go to space, see the Earth from above, starry sky much closer... Can only astronauts go there? Not only. Space tourism has been successfully developing for several years now.

Currently, the only used destination for space tourism is the International Space Station (ISS). Flights are carried out with the help of Russian Soyuz spacecraft. Already 7 space tourists have successfully completed their voyage, having spent several days in space. The last one was Guy Laliberte- founder and head of the company Cirque du Soleil (Circus of the Sun). True, a ticket to space is very expensive, from 20 to 40 million dollars.

There is another option. More precisely, it will be soon.

The manned ship SpaceShipTwo (he is in the middle) is lifted by a special White Knight catamaran aircraft to a height of 14 km, where they are undocked from the aircraft. After undocking, its own solid-fuel engine should turn on, and SpaceShipTwo will rise to a height of 50 km. Here, the engines will be turned off, and the device will rise to a height of 100 km by inertia. Then it turns around and begins to fall to Earth, at an altitude of 20 km, the wings of the device are in position for glide, and SpaceShipTwo lands.

In just 6 minutes he will be in outer space, and its passengers (6 people) will be able to experience all the delights of weightlessness and admire the view from the windows.

True, these 6 minutes will also cost a lot - 200 thousand dollars. But the test pilot says they are worth it. Tickets are already on sale!

In the fantasy world

So, we very briefly got acquainted with the main spacecraft that exist today. In conclusion, let's talk about those devices, the existence of which science has not yet confirmed. Newspapers, television, and the Internet often receive such photographs of flying objects visiting our Earth.

What's this? A flying saucer of alien origin, wonders of computer graphics and something else? We don't know yet. But you will know for sure!

Flights to the stars have always attracted the attention of science fiction writers, directors, screenwriters.

This is what space looks like aircraft Pepelats in the film by G. Daneliya "Kin-dza-dza".

In the slang of specialists in rocket and space technology, the word "pepelats" has come to mean with humor a single-stage vertical launch and landing launch vehicle, as well as ridiculous and exotic designs of spacecraft and launch vehicles.

However, what seems like science fiction today may soon become reality. We still laugh at our favorite movie, and an American private company decided to implement these ideas.

This "pepelats" appeared ten years after the film, and he really flew, though under the name "Roton".

One of the most famous foreign science fiction films is Star Trek, a multi-part epic film created by Jim Roddenberry. There, a team of space explorers is sent to fly between galaxies on the starship Enterprise.

Some real-life spaceships have been named after the legendary Enterprise.

Starship Voyager. More perfect, continuing the research mission of the Enterprise.

Material from Wikipedia, www.cosmoworld.ru, from news feeds.

As you can see, reality and fiction are not so far apart. In this flight you have to create your own spacecraft. You can choose any kind of existing devices: launch vehicle, satellite, spacecraft, space station, planetary rover, etc. Or you can depict a starship from the fantasy world.

1. How long was Gagarin in space?

The entire mission lasted 108 minutes, and the flight around the Earth at a speed of 28,260 km / h took less than an hour and a half. During this time, Vostok 1 completed a not-so-circular orbit at a maximum altitude of 327 km before decelerating to the point where the capsule detached into the atmosphere for a ballistic reentry.

2. What kind of device was Vostok-1?

Vostok 1 was a spherical capsule that was designed to eliminate changes in the center of gravity. Thus, the ship had to ensure the comfort of a one-man crew, regardless of direction. But what it was not intended for was landing with a person on board.

Unlike later Russian spacecraft such as modern Union, Vostok 1 was not equipped with an engine to slow it down as it headed towards the Earth, and therefore Gagarin had to eject before reaching the Earth at an altitude of about 7 km.

3. What prevented earlier missions from reaching orbit?

One word can be said - speed. To escape the Earth's gravitational pull, the ship needed to reach a speed of 28,260 km/h, or about 8 km/s. Prior to Vostok 1, no missile was powerful enough to move at that speed. The cannonball-shaped Vostok-1 capsule helped the rocket and spacecraft reach the required speed.

4. How was Vostok tested before Gagarin's mission?

A few weeks before the flight, the prototype of the ship on which Gagarin set off - Vostok 3KA-2, completed the flight, on board of which there was a dummy the size of a man, who was named Ivan Ivanovich, and the dog Zvezdochka. Ivan was sold at Sotheby's in 1993, and the capsule was sold last year at the same auction for $2.88 million.

5. What happened before the words "Let's go"?

Gagarin is best known for his phrase "Let's go!", which he uttered when the East broke away from the Earth. But last year there were recordings of Gagarin's last words before the first flight. This data is from the on-board tape recorder, where Gagarin recorded his thoughts during the flight. Before the well-known words "Let's go", a curious dialogue with Sergei Korolev was recorded on the transcript:

Korolev: There, in the tuba, there is lunch, dinner and breakfast.

Gagarin: Clearly.

Queen: Got it?

Gagarin: Got it.

Korolev: Sausage, dragees there and jam for tea.

Gagarin: Yeah.

Queen: Got it?

Gagarin: Got it.

Queen: Here.

Gagarin: Got it.

Korolev: 63 pieces, you will be fat.

Gagarin: Ho-ho.

Korolev: You will arrive today, eat everything right away.

Gagarin: No, the main thing is that there is sausage to have a snack on moonshine.

Everyone laughs.

Korolev: An infection, but he writes down everything, you bastard. Hehe.

Guys, we put our soul into the site. Thanks for that
for discovering this beauty. Thanks for the inspiration and goosebumps.
Join us at Facebook And In contact with

Surely every person, at least once looking into the starry sky, dreamed of flying into space and seeing all this beauty closer. Perhaps the most persistent of us will even be able to make this dream come true.

Well, we are in website interested in what changes can happen to the body if you dare to fly into space. There is a nice bonus waiting for you at the end.

9. Your body will have to adapt

Approximately half of the people who have flown into space have experienced space sickness. In outer space, Earth's gravity does not affect a person, which means there is no pressure on the body. Because of this astronauts experience nausea, headache, disorientation, discomfort, dizziness, and sometimes vomiting. This syndrome, as a rule, is observed only for a couple of days, then the body adapts.

8. You will smell strange smells in space.

There is no air in space, and it would seem that it should not smell at all. However, according to people who have flown, when they are aboard the spacecraft, its space smells like grilled steak. Others compare its scent to metal, gunpowder or ... burnt garbage.

Experts say that these smells originate inside the closed space of the ship. They can be caused by human sweat and skin, upholstery, appliances, waste products. Smells can also be brought from outer space. For example, if the astronaut had to work next to the ship's engine and the remnants of the exhaust got on the spacesuit.

7. You risk losing your nails.

Too bulky spacesuit gloves interfere with normal blood flow in the fingers. Most often this leads to peeling of the nails. But it is not uncommon for situations where Astronauts' nails fall off due to the pressure exerted on the nails.

Therefore, it is not surprising that there were more than once cases when astronauts specially removed their nails in advance, if the plan included an exit to outer space.

6. Stop snoring

In space, reduced gravity also affects our respiratory system - there is no significant pressure on the tongue and palate, so there is no involuntary vibration. Because of this many of the problems associated with sleep simply disappear in space. For example, if you snored before the flight, you will stop in space.

5. Vision problems will begin

Extended stay in space is also a risk that your vision is more likely to become blurry. Being in a state of weightlessness leads to the fact that body fluids begin to flow into upper part body. Because of this increases intracranial pressure and begins to act on the optic nerves. A short stay in this state is not dangerous, but a long stay causes significant damage to the eyes.

4. Bones will become more fragile and muscles will become very weak.

Hovering is the only way to travel aboard a spacecraft and in outer space. People do not need a foothold for movement, as a result, the bones of the lower extremities become brittle and there is a risk of muscle atrophy.

It is likely that changes will affect your heart as well - it may decrease, since the load on it when you are in microgravity will decrease significantly.

3. You will become a couple of centimeters taller

When you are in space, your height will increase by 3-5 cm. This is because due to microgravity, very low pressure acts on the spine. From this, he begins to stretch, and you get taller. After returning to Earth, everything will fall into place.

2. Without a space suit in outer space, you will surely die.

Permissible annual dose for an employee nuclear power plant 20 millisieverts are considered - 20 times more than the average person receives.

For comparison, an astronaut who spends a year on the ISS receives 200 millisieverts. For 5 years of being in space, a person receives a radiation dose comparable to that which is usually received throughout a lifetime. All this can provoke the development of radiation sickness. Increased risk of damage nervous system- possible violations of cognitive and motor functions, negative changes in behavior.

Bonus

But despite all the disadvantages associated with a space odyssey, there is something that pulls you into space like a magnet. Some astronauts say that during their space flights they experienced the so-called feeling of illumination, euphoria, insight.

Astronaut Russell Schweikart described our Earth this way: “This tiny amazing Earth. A planet that allows us to live, giving us everything we have: the food we eat, the water we drink, the air we breathe, the beauty of all this nature. Everything is so perfectly balanced and organized in it so that we can live here. How wonderful she is."

Astronaut is too honorable a profession to remain anonymous. The pilot-cosmonaut of the Cosmonaut Training Center named after V.I. Yu. A. Gagarin, Air Force Colonel Valery Tokarev.
About fear.
I wouldn't say it's scary. You are a professional and adapt to work, so you have no time to think about fear. I was not afraid either at the start or on the descent - in our country, both the pulse and pressure are constantly recorded. At the station, in general, after a while you feel at home. But there is a delicate moment when you need to go into outer space. I really don't want to go out there.

It's like the first parachute jump. Here is an open door in front of you and a height of 800 meters. As long as you're sitting on the plane and there's some sort of firmament under you, it's not scary. And then you have to step into the void. Defeat human nature, the instinct of self-preservation. It's the same feeling, only much stronger, when you go into outer space.

Before leaving, you put on a spacesuit, relieve pressure in the airlock, but you are still inside the station, which flies at a speed of 28 thousand kilometers per hour in orbit, but this is your home. And then you open the hatch - you open it manually - and there is darkness, an abyss.

When you're on the shadow side, you can't see anything underneath you. And you understand that there are hundreds of kilometers of abyss, gloom, darkness below, and you have to go from the illuminated inhabited station to where there is nothing.

At the same time, you are in a spacesuit, and this is not a business suit, it is uncomfortable in it. He is tough, and this toughness must be overcome physically. You move only on your hands, your legs hang like ballast. In addition, the review is deteriorating. And you need to move along the station. And you understand that if you unhooked, then death is inevitable. It is enough to miss two centimeters, one millimeter may not be enough for you - and you will forever drift near the station, but there is nothing to push off from, and no one will help you.

But even you get used to it. When you swim out to the sunny side, you can see the planets, the native blue Earth, it becomes calmer, even if it is thousands of kilometers away from you.

About what they take as astronauts
Any Russian citizen who meets certain requirements can become an astronaut. This is only the first, Gagarin, recruitment was from military pilots, then they began to take more and engineers, and representatives of other specialties. Now you can apply for astronauts with any higher education, at least philological. And then people are selected according to the standard: they check their health, carry out psychological tests... In the last set, for example, there is only one pilot.

But in the end, far from everyone flies into space, according to statistics, about 40-50% of those who have been trained. The candidate is constantly being prepared, but it is not a fact that the flight will take place in the end.

Minimum preparation time - five years: one and a half years total space training, then a year and a half of training in the group is not yet a crew, another year and a half of training in the crew with which to fly. But on average, much more time passes before the first flight - for someone ten years, and for someone even longer. Therefore, there are practically no young and unmarried astronauts. People usually come to the training center already at the age of about 30, as a rule, married.

The astronaut must study the International Space Station, the ship, flight dynamics, flight theory, ballistics... Our tasks in orbit also include filming, editing and sending stories to Earth from the station. Therefore, cosmonauts also master operator work. And, of course, the requirements for maintaining physical fitness are constant, like those of athletes.

About health
We joke: cosmonauts are selected according to their health, and then they ask them as if they were smart. The problem of health is not even in surviving overloads, it is not as difficult as it is commonly believed, now even unprepared people fly into space as tourists.

But tourists still fly for a week, and a professional astronaut spends many months in orbit. And we work there. He fastened the tourist to the seat on takeoff - and that's it, his task is to survive. And the astronaut must work, regardless of the overload: both maintain contact with the Earth, and be ready to take control in case of failures - in general, he must control everything.

Medical selection for astronauts is now, as before, very difficult. We passed it in the Seventh Scientific Testing Hospital of the Air Force in Sokolniki and called this place the "Gestapo". Because there they scan you through and through, they will force you to drink something, they will inject something, they will vomit something.

Then it was fashionable to remove tonsils, say. They didn’t hurt me at all, but they told me that I had to cut them out. And when you pass the selection, contradicting the doctors is more expensive for yourself.

Although some were much worse. Many pilots were simply afraid to become astronauts, because many of them were written off from flight work after a medical examination. That is, you do not fly into space, and you are forbidden to fly on an airplane.

About the first flight
You have been preparing for it for a long time, you are a professional, you can do everything, but you have never really experienced the feeling of weightlessness.

Everything happens very quickly: pre-flight excitement, then strong vibration, acceleration, overloads and then - once! You are in space. Engines turn off - and complete silence. And at the same time, the entire crew floats up, that is, you are fastened with seat belts, but the body is already weightless. That's when the feeling of euphoria sets in. Outside the window - the brightest colors. There are no halftones in space, everything is saturated, very contrasting.

You immediately want to feel everything, spin in the air, succumb to a feeling of joy, but when you are a member of the crew, first of all you have to work. A lot of things happen at the same time: you need to monitor how the antennas open, check the tightness, and so on. And only after you are convinced that everything is in order, you can take off the spacesuit and really enjoy weightlessness - somersault.

Again, tumbling is dangerous. I remember that experienced astronauts began to move very smoothly, and we, the beginners, were spinning and spinning. And then the vestibular apparatus goes crazy. And you understand that you need to be careful with him, because bouts of nausea may begin.

About smells
It was you on Earth who ran to the toilet, and even if you didn’t run, it’s okay. And there, if you miss, all this will fly inside in the atmosphere. And it will be necessary to collect with a special vacuum cleaner. But you can't pick up odors with a vacuum cleaner. And the atmosphere is one, and it deteriorates.

Smells at the station are constantly accumulating, so when you first arrive there, you don't feel very comfortable. We also do sports there, but you can’t open the window, you can’t ventilate it.

But people get used to smells very quickly. So it cannot be said that you feel discomfort all the time in orbit. Only the first time, when you open the hatch of the ship and swim into the station. Although a few months ago, the time from launch to docking was 34 hours, so the atmosphere on the ship itself had time to fill with different smells and there was not much difference. It's only a six-hour flight now, so there's more or less fresh air in the ship.

About weightlessness
The first days it is difficult to sleep: the head does not feel any support, it is very unusual. Some people tie their heads to a sleeping bag. No things can be left unsecured: they will fly away. But after a week, you completely get used to weightlessness and live in a regular mode, a daily routine is developed: how much to sleep, when to eat.

You don't use your legs in weightlessness at all, some muscles atrophy, despite the fact that every day you train on special simulators. Therefore, it is much more difficult to return to Earth than to fly away, the overload is more difficult to endure.

And then, for the first time on Earth, you still can’t get used to the fact that you have to carry the weight of your body. In the same place, he pushed off with his finger - flew. It is not necessary to transfer objects to a friend, he threw an object - he flew. What did some sin after they spent half a year in space? A feast, someone asks to pass something, a glass, for example. Well, the astronaut throws a glass across the table.

About the International Space Station
The station, like the spacecraft, consists of modules. These are compartments four meters in diameter and no more than 15 meters in length. Each cosmonaut has his own corner: you come at night, tie a sleeping bag, and swim there yourself. A laptop, a radio usually floats nearby, so that you can, if anything, be quickly picked up.

Hello everyone, I am uploading files on the topic “100 to 1 answers that flies in space”, who needs to take:

Your file has been found, please wait.

What flies in space? Reply to this topic Create newest theme. Game 100 to 1 Answers. Answer: vacuum galaxy stars aliens spaceships comets. Now animals fly into space and work there on a par with people. Gagarin did not fly into space. What flies in space? Answers to questions for the game 100 to 1 (one hundred to one). Asked on Dec 21, 2012. Gerhard Wisniewski, a well-known conspiracy theorist in Germany, has published a book called Lies in Space. As professionals say, not only a lot of satellites and a space station fly in orbit around the Earth, but also an impressive amount of space debris. To consolidate the information, I suggest that you play the currently fashionable game “I spy” with Katya and find answers to my questions hidden in the pictures below.

How to remove the instrument panel vaz 2107 Gleb Ignatiev Hello everyone! Guys, such a problem, the stove heater lever does not open the damper for the flow of hot air into the cabin. Perhaps when you forced it in, it bent somewhere at the base.
How to determine the cross section by diameter Instruction 1 To calculate the cross section of the wire, that is, its area, it is enough elementary knowledge from school course mathematics. Total, 0.5 × 0.5 × 3.14 = 0.785. 2 In practice, the correct measurement of the wire diameter is important.
How to highlight cells in excel. Conditional formatting in Excel can highlight cells by comparing them to specific data or by a specific condition. How to highlight Saturdays, Sundays or other days in a table, read the article "Select a number by day of the week in Excel".
How to Find Opportunity Costs Even if the analysis showed that this work will only bring loss to the enterprise, do not rush to abandon its implementation. Analyze the obtained values, which will show whether it is profitable for the company to agree to the execution of this order.
Scientists promise to test the theory that we live in a computer simulation According to their estimates, the current supercomputers are able to simulate only a tiny part of the universe, a little more than the nucleus of an atom. Physicists at the University of Washington say it can be tested.
The order can be sued.
Some manipulations are possible at the stage of preparing the tender documentation, when it is selected for a specific contractor.
Why are the roads bad in Russia? VRFtritragedies are fools, roads, and when one trouble drives around another.
The VRF has two tragedies, and if one of them can be dealt with with the help of rollers and pavers, then with the roads everything is much more difficult.
10 reasons why Russia has bad roads Spam Twitter
classmates
_
The blog is updated very often, so missing something interesting is not so difficult. Especially for such cases, I have an email newsletter. This is a beautifully designed compilation of the most sedate posts from the past week for those who rarely come here.
Dawn: Part 1
Original title: The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1
Year of departure: 2011
Genre: fantasy, grief, melodrama
Director: Bill Condon
Cast: Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, Taylor Lautner, Billy Burke, Peter Facinelli, Elizabeth Reaser, Kellan Lutz, Nikki Reed, Jackson Rathbone, Ashley Greene
Experts estimate that main reason such a rare use of materials that are relevant today is a terribly outdated regulatory framework. In fact, we continue to build roads on the technologies of the previous century. Who produces geosynthetic materials in Russia?
Why are the roads bad in Russia? natural background
The climatic conditions of the Russian Federation are quite difficult. Hot summer, cold winter and nakedness and barefoot. ant. the abundance of rains leads to severe wear of the roads.
Why are the roads bad in Russia? We answer on the example of Togliatti Last year, Togliatti allocated 258.3 million rubles for roads. from the city and 198.1 million rubles. from the regional budgets - enough to repair about half a million square meters. meters of the road. And this, by the way, is a record figure for Togliatti, usually they repair 2-3 times less per year. Half a million sq. meters, a large number of is it too little?
Videos / total 38976 From the stories of special correspondents you will learn about more interesting events in the field of culture: exhibitions and concerts, performances and vernissages, world film premieres, melodic news and tours of stars.
Why there are bad roads in the Russian Federation: natural and human factors Part of the answer to this question lies in the physical geography of the country:
There are so-called natural reasons why roads in the Russian Federation are bad.
The police, in turn, are very fond of protecting violators in these zones, bearing in mind that there are a lot of foreigners in the United States!
BY THE TECHNOLOGY OF ANCIENT ROMANS
It is interesting that valuable in the United States are built according to the technology of ancient Rome.
In the 4th part of Bella Swan, as it turned out, she faced a difficult choice - to save the life of herself or her child (half vampire, half human). She decides to leave the baby, but Edward and other members of the Cullen family are categorically against it.
What surprises foreigners in Russia? The list is eloquent, which most of all amaze foreigners who came to Russia. This question is seeded in the 100 to 1 game.
The most famous answer is 100 to 1
Roads: in some places they simply do not exist
They respond just as well
People: they are very welcoming and friendly
It is especially difficult to build roads because of this on the permanent permafrost. In the summer, the road turns into a mess, like, for example, the federal road of Yakutia, which we wrote about in the hormone about the harsh Magadan roads.
Search

Calendar
" August 2013 "
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
100 to 1. What is there in space?
-stars, their uncommon set in the sky;
- planets known and probably not yet explored, on which there may be life;
-weightlessness, and also scribble that vacuum;
Infotainment Internet project Stevsky.ru - serious analytical materials and frivolous mobile games For example, most people, guessing the country with the letter "A", call America. Naturally, this option will be in 1st place in popularity. He will bring you the largest number points. This is followed by the options "Austria", "Australia", and then "Argentina" and "Armenia".
What flies in space (from the TV show "100 to 1")? Something I did not comprehend the course of your thoughts. Showed an empty hall or an EMPTY HALL? And what do the stars and TV shows have to do with it? Are you currently talking about cinema or television? For a TV show, viewers in the studio are not required at all. Well, except if they are not directly involved in it, like, ENTER, in "Wait for me" or "Live great."
100 to 1 answers what is worn in space Salute to all, I sip files on the topic “100 to 1 answers that are worn in space”, who needs to take:
Your file has been found, please wait..
Sat
Sun
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
How long does it take for designers to be trained to design correctly? It is hard to say. This process will not be fast, but in 5-10 years positively prepared designers will emerge. And for another ten years, these young guys will explain what innovative methods must be used in road construction.
Details about the movie "Twilight. Saga. Dawn: Part 1 "(135 swords) The best thing about our profession is that video filming is like a summer camp for adults. You are rapidly tying a strong agreement with people who will be with you until the end of your days.
Why are the roads bad in Russia? 3 reasons. Asphalt are valuable in the Russian Federation, in comparison with Western European ones, they are of the opposite quality. There are explanations for this, and, first of all, a set of circumstances is significant here. And the Trans-Stroy company - t-stroi.ru produces high-quality road construction, asphalting of roads and the rest.
Dust. Saga. Dawn: Part 1 Incorrect login
The user with the established login is already registered
This login is prohibited according to forum rules, choose another
Incorrect data in the "E-mail" field or such an e-mail is already registered
Hellenistic length must be at least 6 characters
Why do we have bad roads? Universities need to explore their own potential labor market. In addition, in peripheral universities sometimes come across very fascinating nuggets-teachers. But someday the job market of a small town will be saturated, and it will be difficult for university graduates in this city to find work.
Samara Review. Experts compared the places with geological tank trucks and came to the conclusion that the areas of value, where pipes burst and cars fell through, almost coincided with the zone of change in the speed of lowering of the earth's chromosphere.
Why is it better to live not in the Russian Federation. Part 1 In summer you can walk as you like, but in winter you have to wrap yourself in great amount layers and anticipate being wrapped in a carpet, like the hooligan Fedya from Shurik's Adventures.
The national cuisine is insanely dependent on the climate.
Why are the roads bad in Russia? The phrase is considered fictional.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol wrote a lot about the road: How incredible and alluring, and bearing, and charming in the word "road", and how wonderful it is, this road!
In the United States, the picture is similar. In Germany, in fact, almost 100% of roads are built using geotextiles and at least 80% of roads with additional geogrid reinforcement.
Fools and roads, or Has anything changed in Russia in 200 years?.. In the first line of the rating was the only state highway connecting Russian capital and Yakutsk and bearing the proud name "Lena". Traffic on, to put it mildly, unpaved road in some sections is paralyzed every time after torrential downpours.
The road mafia is invincible, or why are there bad roads in Russia? The exponential winding on it clearly shows that a small (5–7%) addition of soil density gives an increase in strength by 2.5 times.
Kill the inventor
OUR 25-ton rollers cannot conceive the problem of soil compaction.
All kinds of roads are dear to us (why in the Russian Federation expensive roads) And we can change road bitumen with Russian-made thermoplastic elastomers, and the cost of building a road increases by only 1%. And even GOST R 52056-2003 was accepted in this regard.
Infotainment Internet project Stevsky.ru - serious analytical materials and frivolous mobile games Do not think that the ranking of methods occurs involuntarily, it is based on statistics. In other words, in order to beat 100 to 1, you would need to think carefully about the most popular answer.
The battle with a competitor takes place in three rounds.
What is racing in space (from the TV show "100 to 1")? Something I did not comprehend the course of your thoughts. Showed an empty hall or an EMPTY HALL? And what do the stars and TV shows have to do with it? Are you talking about cinema right now, or about television? For a TV show, viewers in the studio are not required at all. Well, except that if they do not directly participate in it, as, for example, in "Wait for me" or "Live great."
100 to 1 answers what flies in space Now creatures fly into the world and work there on a par with people. Gagarin did not fly into the world. What flies in space? Answers to questions for the game100k 1 (one hundred to one). Asked on Dec 21, 2012. Gerhard Wisniewski, a well-known conspiracy theorist in Germany, released the book Lies in Space.
100 to 1. What is there in space? The correct answers to this question in the game "100 to 1" were the following answers:
-stars, their colossal multitude in the sky;
- planets, known and most likely still unknown, on which there may be life;
-weightlessness, and also invent that vacuum;