Municipal educational institution

"General education high school No. 13, Azov Rostov region

Lesson development in grade 11 on the topic:
"Civil War in Russia"

teacher: Gotsulyak Natalya Vasilievna

Epigraph: From the blood shed in battles,

From dust to dust

From the torments of the executed generations,

From souls baptized in blood

Of hateful love

Of crimes, frenzy

Righteous Russia will arise.

M. Voloshin. 1920

Lesson topic:"Civil War in Russia".

Lesson type: combined

The purpose of the lesson: as a result of the study of sources, to form the idea that the civil war became national tragedy people; based on historical sources to form an idea of ​​the reasons for the victory of the red movement.

Tasks:

Educational:

Identify and describe political, socio-economic and national contradictions that led to the Russian Civil War.

Systematize and generalize students' knowledge about events civil war in Russia.

Analyze the policy of "war communism".

Bring students to conclusions about the results and consequences of the Civil War.

Educational:

Continue work on the development of philanthropy and tolerance among students.

Developing:

Continue work on the development of students' skills to analyze, generalize, systematize historical facts justify your attitude towards them.

Receptions and teaching aids: repeated conversation, work with historical terms, work with documents, presentations, problem solving.

Equipment: documents from the civil war , Civil War posters , presentations by teachers and students, songs from the Civil War era multimedia equipment (board, computer)

Lesson plan.

Causes and features of the civil war in Russia.

Time frame of the Civil War.

War "inside democracy".

Reds against whites.

"War Communism" and its consequences.

Results and consequences of the Civil War.

During the classes.

Organizing time. (3 min.)

Teacher.(An introductory word, the background of the lesson can be songs of the civil war, which can be turned on at recess, this, as a rule, draws the attention of students to the topic of the lesson, creates a working mood. The lesson is designed for 2 hours).

In 1917, the most terrible, most merciless war unfolded in Russia. The Russians waged this war against each other, brother against brother, father against son. Civil war... These are unforgettable pages of our past, when the country split into red and white, "us" and "them"

Some go to free
Moscow and re-forge Russia.
Others, having unbridled the elements,
They want to remake the whole world.

And here and there between the rows
The same voice sounds:
“Whoever is not for us is against us.
No one is indifferent, the truth is with us.”

Maximilian Voloshin.

Guys, pay attention to how accurately the author defined the mood of that era ... Universal human values, such as mercy, humanism, tolerance, are relegated to the background in these years, yielding to the principle: "Whoever is not with us is against us."

Today our goal in the lesson- to study the problem of victories and defeats in this war, to look at the war as if from the inside, through the eyes of participants in those distant events. Try to understand how they themselves explained the reasons for their victories and defeats.

During the lesson, you will have to give your own answer to the following questions:

Why did the Reds win?

Is it possible to determine the winner in the Civil War from the standpoint of universal values?

What do the results of the Civil War teach?

To do this, we must analyze historical sources and try to understand what were the reasons for their victory and defeat. And also to determine the consequences of the war for the fate of the country.

So, the topic of today's lesson is "Civil War in Russia" (entry in a notebook, slide number 1).

1. Causes and features of the Civil War.

Question: what is a civil war? (student answers)

Entry in the notebook of the definition of "civil war"(slide number 2)

Civil war is an uncompromising armed struggle of large, belonging to different classes and social groups masses of people for state power and property.

Task for students: Formulate the causes and features of the Civil War in Russia (§10-11, p.1; p.65-67, p.3; p.68-71, textbook by O.V. Volobuev "Russia and the world. History of the XX century." ).

The teacher completes the students' answers.

Recording in a notebook of the causes and features of the Civil War.(slides #3, #4)

The causes of the Civil War were the Bolshevik transformations:

Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly and the establishment of a one-party political system; the demand of the Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries for the convocation of the Constituent Assembly and the beginning of a military confrontation between the Bolsheviks and the Socialist-Revolutionaries.

The conclusion of the Brest peace; loss of a vast territory of Russia.

Extraordinary decrees on the organization of grain procurements.

Total nationalization of enterprises; the decline of industry, unemployment, famine in the capital cities; the Bolsheviks banned the free sale of bread.

Civil War Features:

Exceptionally long and bloody hostilities took place almost throughout the entire territory of the former Russian Empire.

The internal Russian conflict was exacerbated by its internationalization.

The society lacked political traditions of peaceful resolution of social contradictions.

AT public consciousness the value of human life has fallen to the lowest point - "a man with a gun."

2. The time frame of the Civil War.

Teacher's message with elements of repetition and generalization. The teacher explains the complexity of a clear designation of the chronological framework of the events of the Civil War, the debatable nature of its periodization in modern domestic historical science. High school students get acquainted with the text of the textbook, identify the criterion that underlies the periodization of the Civil War in Russia and the chronological framework of this period, given in the methodological manual for the textbook by O.V. Volobuev “Russia and the world. History of the XX century. (slide number 5)

Traditional chronological framework Civil War:

Summer-autumn 1918 - the period of the gradual deployment of the Civil War, open military clashes: the rebellion of the Czechoslovak Corps; landings of the Entente in the North and Japan, England and the USA in the Far East; the formation of anti-Soviet centers in the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, the North Caucasus, and the Don; the execution of the family of the last Russian tsar; ads Soviet Republic single military camp.

Autumn 1918-spring 1919 - a period of increased foreign intervention: the annulment of the Brest Treaty, the intensification of the red and white terror.

Spring 1919 - spring 1920 - the period of military confrontation between the regular armies of the Reds and Whites: campaigns of the White Guard troops A.V. Kolchak, A.I. Denikin, N.N. Yudenich and their reflection, decisive military successes of the Red Army.

Summer - autumn 1920 - the period of the final military defeat of the Whites: the war of the Soviet Republic with Poland, the defeat of the troops of P.N. Wrangel in the Crimea.

In the process of comparing periodizations (and approaches to their definition), conclusions are drawn about a new approach in the periodization of the Civil War in Russia in modern times. historical science.

Task for students: give answers to questions.

What are the reasons for the disagreement of historians about the date of the start of the Civil War in Russia.

Why do historians offer several periodizations of the Civil War?

What criteria underlie each periodization option?

At the end of the conversation, notes are made in the students' notebooks. (slide number 6)

Modern periodization of the Civil War in Russia (according to the textbook):

1917 - spring 1918 - the initial stage of the Civil War and intervention.

May 1918 - autumn 1918 - the "democratic" period of the Civil War.

Autumn 1918-1920 - military confrontation between the red and white armies.

1921-1922 - the defeat of the white movement and the suppression of peasant revolts by the Bolsheviks.

Questions for students:

Who, in your opinion, is guilty of unleashing the Civil War in Russia? Is it possible to give an unambiguous answer to this question?

Task for students: having analyzed slogans and appeals that were most often found on the banners of the Soviet and White Guard military units(slide 7), on campaign posters , infer what was expensive for the reds and whites. Who fought in the fratricidal Civil War and for what? Student responses

Teacher: The civil war in Russia is an unusually complex process. Speaking about the perpetrators of the Civil War in Russia, we cannot give an unambiguous answer. Dialectically, it does not happen that one group of people, one class, one side is guilty in a multilateral struggle not for life, but for death. So they are guilty of the all-Russian massacre of 1917-1922. and reds, and whites, and "greens", and a number of countries that intervened in Russia.

Question : Based on the causes of the Civil War, it is possible to determine which social forces participated in the war. Name them, determine who supported the "Reds", who supported the "Whites"? (student answers)

Writing in a notebook (slide 7)

Question: why did the "whites" support part of the peasantry and the proletariat? (student answers)

3-4. War "inside democracy". Reds against whites.

Task for students: get acquainted with the text of the textbook, historical map No. 4 "Civil War in Russia".

Question : in what directions did the main battles take place during the Civil War?

Assignment for students: complete the chronological table.

Civil War and military intervention 1917-1922

(based on textbook material and teacher's story)

During the discussion of the results of the table, it will be useful to watch the presentations of schoolchildren about the most famous military leaders of the Civil War. Personalization of the history of the Civil War in Russia contributes to the development of students' interest in the study of this topic. (Appendix No. 1)

5. "War Communism" and its consequences.

Assignment for students: complete the worksheet using the textbook material. (Appendix No. 2)

6. Results and consequences of the Civil War.

Writing in a notebook (slides 8,9)

Results of the Civil War

The victory of the Reds (Bolsheviks)

Destruction of opposition, anti-Soviet forces

Preserving the integrity of Russia

Consequences of the Civil War.

Demographic losses from the autumn of 1917 to 1922 amounted to almost 13 million people; emigration - about 2 million people.

Colossal damage has been done to the Russian economy

The amount of damage in 1922 was from 40 to 50 billion gold rubles, which exceeded a quarter of the country's pre-war wealth

Industrial production fell by 7 times, the reduction of sown areas (67% of the pre-war level)

A break with the legacy of the past:

the struggle of the Bolsheviks with the culture, customs and traditions of the old state;

struggle with the church;

planting a new "proletarian" culture and a new ideology.

The continued split of society into “us” and “them”

the curtailment of democracy and the establishment of a rigid one-party dictatorship in the country.

Teacher: Let's summarize our lesson.

We have no reason to idealize either the Bolsheviks or their opponents. Both sides showed zeal, throwing logs into the blazing fire of fratricidal war. At the same time, each side considered itself absolutely right.

Whites claimed to be representatives of the national cause, fought and died for great Russia and her interests as they understood them. In turn, the Bolsheviks were convinced that they were the spokesmen for the interests of all working people, fighters against oppression and exploitation, for the speedy and final liberation not only of their own people, but of the whole world.

Please answer the question: (slide 10)

What is the tragedy of the Civil War?

Is it possible to determine the winner in the Civil War from the standpoint of universal values? (student answers)

Teacher: It can be concluded that if history is able to teach posterity anything, then the main lesson of the civil war is to refrain from instilling intolerance, from clashes between different strata of society, from violence and arbitrariness as a method state building.

The teacher ends the lesson with linesI. Severyanina:

I feel the time of judgment is approaching:

We will conquer soullessness with our spirit,

And in the heart of Russia before all countries

The people will be severely judged by the people.

And the chosen ones will ask- Russian people-

All the accused Russian people,

Why did they kill in lynching

The bright color of the culture of their homeland.

Why did the Orthodox forget God

Why did they go to their brother, chopping and smashing ...

And they will say: “We were deceived,

We believed in what you can't believe."

And the judges will be silent with sadness of love,

Checking yourself in the inevitable turn.

And they will ask: “But who is the guilty instigator?” -

And the answer will be: "All the people are to blame."

He thought about the happiness of his native land,

He went to cruelty in the name of love ... "

And the judges will exclaim: “The defendant people!

You are beyond our control; we- your brothers!"

We- your part, your flesh, your blood, sinner,

Naive, striving forever forward,

Seeking God in outer Europe,

Happy in adversity, great people!

Grading.

Homework: §10-11, write an essay on the role of the individual in the events of the Civil War.

Appendix No. 1.

Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny(1883-1973) - Soviet military leader, participant in the Civil War, commander of the 1st Cavalry Army, one of the first Marshals Soviet Union, Three times Hero of the Soviet Union. Born April 25, 1883 in a poor peasant family. Participated in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 and the 1st World War, was awarded four degrees of St. George's Crosses and four medals for bravery.

In February 1918, S. M. Budyonny created a revolutionary cavalry detachment that acted against the White Guards on the Don, which then grew into a cavalry division that successfully operated near Tsaritsyn in 1918 - early 1919.

In the second half of June 1919, the first large cavalry formation was created in the Red Army - the Cavalry Corps under the command of S. M. Budyonny, who played a decisive role in August 1919 in defeating the main forces of the Caucasian army of General Wrangel in the upper Don. In November 1935 he received military rank Marshal of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War Semyon Budyonny was a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, participated in the defense of Moscow,

awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny died at the age of 91, on October 26, 1973. He was buried on Red Square in Moscow near the Kremlin wall.

Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev was born on January 28 (February 9), 1887 in the village of Budaiki, now within the city of Cheboksary. Hero of the Civil War 1918-1920. Since 1914 - in the army, participated in World War I. He was awarded for courage with three St. George crosses, a medal, received the rank of ensign.

At the beginning of 1918, he formed a Red Guard detachment and suppressed the kulak-SR rebellions in the Nikolaevsky district. From April 1919 he commanded the 25th Infantry Division, which distinguished itself during the counteroffensive. Eastern Front against Kolchak's troops. July 11, 1919 The 25th division under the command of Chapaev liberated Uralsk.

On the night of September 5, 1919, the White Guards suddenly attacked the headquarters of the 25th division. Chapaev and his associates fought against the superior forces of the enemy. Having shot all the cartridges, the wounded Chapaev tried to swim across the Ural River, but was hit by a bullet and died.

Awarded with the Order Red Banner. Legendary Skin Chapaev is reflected in the story "Chapaev" by D. A. Furmanov, in the film "Chapaev" and other works of literature and art.

Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolaevich(1893. - 1937) - military figure. Born into the family of an impoverished nobleman. He studied at the gymnasium, in 1914 he was sent to the front. For 6 months of the First World War, Tukhachevsky was awarded 6 orders, showing outstanding commanding skills. In 1918 he joined the RCP(b). He said about himself: "My real life began with the October Revolution and joining the Red Army."

During the Civil War, he commanded the 1st and 5th armies in the East. front; was awarded the Golden Weapon "for personal courage, broad initiative, energy, diligence and knowledge of the matter." Successfully carried out a number of operations in the Urals and Siberia against the troops.

In 1924 - 1925 he took an active part in the implementation of the technical reconstruction of the Armed Forces; worked out the development of operational art, military development, the compilation of military encyclopedias, etc. In 1936 he became first deputy. People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR.

In 1935, he was the first in the history of the Red Army to conduct a tactical exercise using an airborne assault, initiating airborne troops.

Tukhachevsky supported the proposal of S.P. Korolev on the creation of the Reactive Institute for research in the field of rocket science. Tukhachevsky's creative thought enriched all branches of Soviet military science. G.K. Zhukov assessed him as follows: "A giant of military thought, a star of the first magnitude in the galaxy of the military of our Motherland." In 1933 he was awarded the Order of Lenin, and in 1935 Tukhachevsky was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

In 1937 Tukhachevsky was accused of creating a Trotskyist military organization, convicted as an "enemy of the people" and shot .

Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak(1873-1920) - Russian military leader, polar explorer, hydrologist, admiral (1918). Born on November 4 (16), 1874 in the village of Aleksandrovskoye, Petersburg district, Petersburg province. Graduated from the Marine cadet corps, promoted to midshipman. In 1894-1900 he served on warships in the Baltic, then on pacific ocean; engaged in independent study of hydrology and oceanography, began to publish in the scientific press. In 1900 was seconded to the Academy of Sciences. Member of the Russian polar expedition.

Since the beginning Russo-Japanese War despite chronic pneumonia and articular rheumatism resulting from polar expeditions, Alexander Kolchak achieved a return to the Naval Department and a direction to Port Arthur, where he commanded a destroyer; under his leadership, minefields were placed at the entrance to Port Arthur Bay, then he commanded a coastal artillery battery; was injured. After the surrender of the fortress, he was captured, in April 1905 he returned through America to St. Petersburg. He was awarded the St. George's weapon, the Order of St. Anna of the 4th degree and St. Stanislav of the 2nd degree with swords.

From 1912 - in the active fleet; the commander of the destroyer in the Baltic, in December 1913 he was promoted to captain of the 1st rank, was appointed flag captain of the operational unit of the headquarters of the fleet commander. During the First World War, Alexander Kolchak led the mining of the entrance to the Gulf of Finland, the landing of amphibious assault forces on the Riga coast in the German rear, etc.

Since September 1915 he commanded the Mine Division, led the defense of the Gulf of Riga. Awarded the Order of St. George 4th degree. In April 1916 he was promoted to rear admiral, in June he was appointed commander of the Black Sea Fleet (at the same time he was promoted to vice admiral "for distinction in service").

In 1916-17 he commanded the Black Sea Fleet.

One of the organizers of the white movement in the Civil War.

In 1918-20 "supreme ruler Russian state»; established a regime of military dictatorship in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East, liquidated by the Red Army and partisans. Kolchak himself, by order of the Irkutsk Military Revolutionary Committee, was shot. Shot on February 7, 1920, in Irkutsk.

Anton Ivanovich Denikin(1872-1947) - Russian military figure, lieutenant general, one of the leaders of the white movement, publicist and memoirist.

A.I. Denikin was born on December 4, 1872. He graduated from a real school, a military school course of the Kiev infantry cadet school (1892) and the Imperial Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff. During the Russo-Japanese War in March 1904, he filed a report on transfer to the active army and was appointed staff officer for special assignments at the headquarters of the 8th Army Corps. To the first world war commanded a rifle brigade and division, an army corps.

In the autumn of 1917 A. Denikin arrived in Novocherkassk, where he took part in the organization and formation of the Volunteer Army. He sought to smooth out differences between Generals M. V. Alekseev and Kornilov, from October 1918 - Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army, from January 1919 - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia.

On August 29, Denikin was arrested and placed in a guardhouse in Berdichev, then transferred to Bykhov, where Kornilov and his associates were imprisoned. On November 19, 1917, by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, General N. N. Dukhonin, he was released from arrest, like some others arrested in the Kornilov case; with documents in a false name made his way to the Don. From April 1920 - in exile.

Works on the history of the Russo-Japanese War; memoirs: "Essays on Russian Troubles", "The Way of a Russian Officer". Died August 7, 1947, Ann Arbor, USA.

Application number 2.

Worksheet.

Describe the policy of "War Communism"

Reasons for introducing the policy of "War Communism"

2. Essence ________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Main activities _________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Policy Outcome ________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Literature:

Volobuev O.V. Russia and the world. History of the 20th century: a textbook for 11 grades educational institutions. - M.: Bustard, 2005.

A.V. Ignatov. Toolkit to the textbook O.V. Volobueva, V.A. Klokova, M.V. Ponomarev "Russia and the world. History of the twentieth century. - M .: Publishing house "New textbook", 2005.

Man in history. Russia XX century. M., 2001.

Urokiistorii invite schoolchildren and students to a game of historical orientation. It will be held on June 13 in the Muzeon Sculpture Park as part of the children's program of the Moscow International Open Book Festival and will be dedicated to the history of the USSR reflected in architecture and art.

() 

Posted at 02:43 pm | | |

Sep. 18th, 2009

Jun. 22nd, 2009

It is supposed to watch excerpts from the films, which the speaker will mention.

July 3 at 18:00 in the conference hall of the International "Memorial" - the second event of the cycle:

"MONOLOGUE TWICE EXCLUDED".

President of the Guild of Film Critics of Russia Victor Matizen about the situation in the Union of Cinematographers of the Russian Federation and relevant historical allusions.

In the program: answers to questions, discussion, a good movie for 30 minutes.

Address: Maly Karetny per., 12. Directions: metro Tsvetnoy Bulvar, Chekhovskaya

We invite everyone!

Posted at 08:16 pm | | |

Jun. 16th, 2009

http://www.urokiistorii.ru/

The Lessons of History website is one of the youngest projects of Memorial, a website that could be useful for high school students, history teachers, organizers of research work with schoolchildren and all other readers who, for the sake of their own curiosity, read through complex and often tragic pages Soviet and Russian history XX century.

The site is intended to bean important consulting and methodological source for the organization of project and research work of teachers, tutors and high school students; playground, enabling and stimulating self study stories by young people, reflections difficult moments history, source study.

The website will publish the most successful and useful examples of project work ( in particular materials of school competitions "Russia XX century. Man in history") , for Russian teachers, tutors, pupils and students will be providedthe opportunity to get acquainted with foreign experience (under headings

You can often hear the phrase that without knowledge of history it is impossible to build the future. The past can provide answers to thousands of different questions. The experience gained by previous generations can be of considerable benefit to the next. Connection with the past is important for humanity, so the study of history begins with a person as early as school age. With primary school schoolchildren begin to get acquainted with the distant past (for example, with the history of Ancient Rome and the Ancient East). For huge amount people this area is of genuine interest, as it can find a lot of interesting and necessary information.

If you are interested in this science, the history lessons presented in the video format on our website will help you become more familiar with history. We are sure that you will get a lot of interesting information, because our portal is convenient not only because it contains lessons in video format, but also because they are equipped with many notes on history.

History lessons from experienced teachers

Your attention is presented to video materials affecting many different eras. Each of them is known for a number of events and persons. School program learning implies familiarity with these pages of history, which means that it will be quite useful to understand it in advance. Moreover, the process of familiarization with the lessons of history through professional educational video materials will be faster and more efficient than using conventional paper textbooks. Judge for yourself how a student can learn the necessary information faster - watching educational videos from professional teachers or leafing through textbooks? Of course, history lessons provided with comments and notes can have a greater effect. It is difficult for textbooks to compete in usefulness with the images and sounds of such materials.

History lessons in video format

These history lessons are more than ordinary teaching material. Each of them is a fascinating mini-movie that can draw the attention of your schoolchild to this science. And such interest can contribute to the choice future profession. Since history is divided into many different directions (aspects of Russian history, The World History, features of the history of modern times, national history as a whole), that is, there is a high probability that the student will want to make this science his main activity. Maybe he will like the early history of mankind and he will want to participate in research in this direction. In this case, he will surely like the materials on this topic - the results archaeological sites and chronicles based on them. Perhaps he will be interested in later eras - the Middle Ages, the Renaissance. Or he wants to study the history of some particular state or person. Many of these topics are reflected in the history lessons posted on our school educational portal. Here you will definitely find the material you need.

Perhaps the student will like an in-depth study of history and he will want to explore the emergence and development of some area human activity- trade, wars, art; maybe it grows true patriot and will be interested in deep study national history. In this case, he will need materials that focus on this. No matter how your schoolchild relates to this science, he may have problems studying it at school. To help him solve them, use our videos. They are the perfect alternative to paper textbooks. Free access to them is a significant plus. There is no need to go to a consultation with teachers or stay for an additional lesson - a lot of materials in the format of video lessons and notes on history relating to different eras and people will help the student to study the subject from all sides.

Purpose of the competition - to encourage young people to engage in independent research on Russian history of the past century, to arouse in them an interest in the destinies ordinary people, to their Everyday life- to what it consists of " big story" countries.

Contest topics :

• The price of victory
• family history
• Man and power
• Man and small homeland
• Man and society

The price of victory

Within the framework of this topic, the participants of the competition can devote their research to the fate of ordinary people in the war and in the home front. The research can be based on interviews, documents from family and state archives, museum collections, etc.

family history

In the study, it is important to reflect the attitude of different generations to the past, to give examples of how family memory is transmitted; recreate the history of everyday life of past years, the details of life and everyday life. It is important to reveal the characteristic fates of ordinary people, including their relatives and friends. It is through individual biographies, through the testimonies of close people that it is easier for today's schoolchildren to understand and imagine the past of their country.

Man and power

How do the individual, society and the state interact? What do freedom, right, human dignity mean in our life today? Researchers should not limit themselves to a simple description of the mechanisms by which the state exercised its power over the individual and over the country as a whole. It is no less valuable to find evidence of how people defended their civil and spiritual freedom.

Man and small homeland

The authors of works on this topic are invited to trace the history of the area, street, building, local church, monument or, for example, an exhibit of a local history museum. The subject of research can be a significant event from the past of your city, town or village, presented in eyewitness accounts, supplemented by archival documents and publications. The main condition is that the object of research chosen by you must be associated with specific human destinies.

Man and society

Take a closer look at those who live or lived nearby, but belong to a different nationality, to a different religion, hold different views. What is the degree of understanding and tolerance towards these people? What is it connected with? Try to find out the historical roots of the problem. Who and under what circumstances turned out to be a “stranger” in your city or village in one or another era? The 20th century is the era of migrations, and many schoolchildren will see the relativity of the concept of "stranger", realizing that they themselves (or their friends and neighbors) are descendants of "strangers".

Contest participants I can be students of general educational institutions, institutions of secondary vocational and higher education Russia aged 14 to 18 years.

Work can be done both individually and collectively. as mentors Leaders can be teachers, parents, and even professional historians. Collective work must be equipped brief description history of their creation, so that the jury could evaluate the contribution of each participant. Groups of authors no more than 3 people are invited to Moscow.

Competition nominations

- research

– mini-study

- photo contest

– video contest

Research – over 20 thousand characters (with spaces). Evaluating the work, the jury takes into account such criteria as the value and novelty of the collected material, the author's ability to set an interesting research problem, a critical attitude to sources, knowledge and understanding of the historical context, clarity and logic of presentation, validity of conclusions.

Mini study – less 20 thousand characters (with spaces). A small work on one of the topics of the competition. It may be devoted to a narrower topic than a research paper (for example, the author may limit himself to the analysis of material or other evidence from family archive, local press publications). Evaluation criteria are the same as for research work.

Photo contest – the participant of this nomination must choose in his environment – in a city, town, village, etc. - an interesting object that is related to the theme of the competition, find its historical images (postcards, archival photos, illustrations in books or magazines) and take 5-7 today's photos of this object or place, where it was located. The resulting pictorial series should be supplemented with a small author's commentary essay, so that the text and photo are put together. short story, reflecting the history of the selected object, the changes that have occurred to it over time, the attitude of urban residents towards it - local historians, journalists, officials or members of the author's family. The text of the accompanying comment-essay should not exceed 10 thousand characters (with spaces).

Video contest – in this nomination, only those created independently or by a group of authors are accepted for participation: a video film, which is a complete historical research; video material that served as a source for written work(interviews, filming of the scene of events); a video about an event, person, object, historical place, etc., illustrating a written work; collected and edited video on the topic of written work, based on materials from various sources, archives, films, the Internet; video presentation of written work. The credits of each video must indicate: the author of the work or the author of the script; operator (who filmed); heroes and characters (who is on the screen); consultants (who helped: teachers, coordinators, relatives, employees of local TV channels, etc.); sources (archives, films, used music, etc.); school, city, year of filming and video production.

As a result of the competition, the authors of the 40 best research papers will be invited to Moscow, as well as the winners in the mini-research, photo contest and best video nominations.

Requirements for the design of works

Works are accepted in electronic form (all text, including title page, content, body, appendix and list of sources in one file).

On the title page must be specified:

– surname, name and patronymic of the author/authors,

– postal address (with zip code), phone number, address Email the author/authors of the work,

– school/educational institution number, class,

– postal address (with zip code), phone number, email address of the school/educational institution,

- last name, first name, patronymic and position of the head, his postal address (with zip code), phone number, e-mail address.

In the Bibliography and sources section, all printed, archival and Internet sources that the authors used in preparing the work must be listed.

Summarizing

The results of the competition will be summed up in April 2020.

Travel and stay in Moscow of the laureates and 3 best teachers is paid by the Organizing Committee of the competition.

3 winners will get the opportunity to travel to international schools laureates of historical competitions organized by the European network "Eustory".

The winners of the competition who entered the higher educational establishments to humanitarian faculties, will be able to take part in the scholarship competition of the Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation.

The leaders who actively participated in the competition will be invited to Moscow to work in a scientific and practical seminar.

Certificates and certificates

‒ all supervisors will receive a certificate;

- scientific supervisors the best works- Diploma for historical and educational work with youth.

Participants of the competition upload their works on their own Personal account Online

With everyone questions please contact: [email protected]

Website "History Lessons"

The site contains the works of the participants of the competition, published teaching materials for the preparation and execution of research papers.

The site regularly posts information about Russian and international competitions in history, annotations of textbooks and scientific publications, reviews of books, films and exhibitions on historical topics.

In 2019, the competition of historical research for high school students “A Man in History. Russia -XXcentury" celebrated its twentieth anniversary. This is the oldest and largest school competition in Russia. Since 1999, more than 50 thousand schoolchildren from all over the country have participated in it.

The main feature of the competition is attention to destinies ordinary people. This focus determines its main nominations: The price of victory, Family history, Man and power, Man and small homeland, Man in society. The works coming to the competition show not the ceremonial history of the country, but the everyday life that tens of millions of our compatriots lived in the twentieth century.

The main organizer of the competition is the Memorial Society. It was created in 1989 in order to preserve the memory of political repressions and civic activism in the USSR. To this end, Memorial's employees collect documents, letters and memoirs, record interviews, and publish the results of their work. The participants of the "Man in History" contest do the same. Often young researchers manage to discover unknown facts, find valuable documents, fill in the "blank spots" in the history of your city or village. So they participate in conservation historical memory- not constructed, but real, full of not only victories and achievements, but also tragic trials that people in Russia experienced in the 20th century. We hope that an independent and unbiased study of the events of the past will be able to influence the attitude of schoolchildren to what is happening today, make them think, analyze and be wary of loud words and empty symbols.

The 40,000 works that came to Memorial over two decades formed a large archive of research, historical evidence, archival documents, photos and interviews. This is a valuable material that professional historians and journalists often turn to when writing about Russian history in the 20th century. The best research has been published in 25 collections. Five of them were prepared together with our foreign partners and published in German, Italian and Norwegian. The latest collection, Simple Stories: A History of Russia in the 20th Century through the Eyes of Schoolchildren, was released in 2018.

For twenty years, the competition has gained many friends and assistants. Scientists-historians, librarians and museum workers, writers and journalists are actively cooperating with us. But the main support of the organizers of the competition is dozens of teachers across the country who support our work. For them, Memorial regularly holds scientific and methodological seminars in Moscow dedicated to the teaching of Russian history and out-of-school research work with high school students. The regional coordinators are of great help to the competition. Thanks to their efforts, the competition has become truly all-Russian: works come from all regions of the country, and almost half of the participants are residents of villages and towns.

"A man in history. Russia – XX century” is a member of “Eustory”, a European network of historical competitions. Within its framework, joint seminars and summer schools for the winners are held. Every year several of our finalists take part in the "Eustory" summer schools.

Since 2009, with the support of the Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation for the laureates of the historical competition “Man in History. Russia – XX century”, who enrolled in humanitarian faculties in higher educational institutions, a special competition for scholarships is held. Every year up to five winners of the Competition become the Foundation's scholarship holders.

There is a huge path behind. The competition is changing before our eyes. Gone are the thousands of envelopes we received at the post office. Now participants register and submit work without leaving their homes. But there is something that stays the same from year to year. This is a feeling of admiration and faith in a better future, arising from reading many works and from personal acquaintance with the winners of the competition. For their sake, the competition lives and will live.