On October 25 (November 7), 1917, an uprising took place in Petrograd, as a result of which the provisional government was overthrown, power passed into the hands of the Soviets. Then, on October 25 (November 7), 1917, the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies proclaimed Russia a Soviet republic.

The first time on seals, documents, etc. used the old coat of arms - a double-headed eagle. On January 24, 1918, the Secretary of the Council of People's Commissars N.P. Gorbunov already turned to the All-Russian Union of Masters and Technicians of Factory Enterprises with a request to provide a sample of the new seal of the Russian Republic for discussion by the government. By the beginning of March 1918, a drawing of the seal was ready; a sword was depicted in its center. The authorship of the seal is attributed to the artist Alexander Nikolaevich Leo (this fact is not known for certain). On April 17, 1918, at a meeting of the Council of People's Commissars, the issue of official seal was discussed, the Administration of the Council of People's Commissars was asked to develop a Regulation on the procedure for its use. On April 20, N.P. Gorbunov spoke at the commission of the Small Council of People's Commissars with a report on the progress of work on the manufacture of the seal. A print project (with a sword) was approved, but the drawing still had to be approved by the Great Council of People's Commissars. Before the issue was submitted for final approval, Lenin proposed that the word "socialist" be added to the seal and that the sword be removed from the seal, which was already done at the evening meeting on April 20. On May 15, at a meeting of the Small Council of People's Commissars, a drawing of a seal with the inscription: "The Workers' and Peasants' Government of the Russian Socialist Federative Republic" was approved, but the desire was again expressed to put a sword on the seal. After Lenin's speeches, the Small Council of People's Commissars decided to "throw the sword out of the drawing."
On June 18, 1918, at a meeting of the Council of People's Commissars, Ya.M. Sverdlov's message "On the Soviet press" was heard, the print project was approved as a whole, and the details (the question of the sword and the exact text of the inscription) were clarified the next day, June 19. Thus, the seal of the RSFSR began to look like this: in the center on a shield-cartouche framed with ears of corn, a crossed hammer and sickle; below in the vignette the text: "PROLETARIANS OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!" (instead of "Council of People's Commissars" in the first draft), and around the circumference: "RUSSIAN SOCIALIST FEDERAL SOVIET REPUBLIC" (instead of "Workers' and peasants .....").
On June 20, 1918, the artist D.V. Emelyanov began making copper prints.

The motto "Proletarians of all countries, unite!", which became the state Soviet Russia, was invented by K. Marx and F. Engels and was first heard in 1847 at the London Congress of the Communist Union.

In parallel with the Administration of the Council of People's Commissars, he was engaged in the development of printing People's Commissariat enlightenment. In May 1918, the Arts Department of the People's Commissariat of Education organized a competition to design the coat of arms of the Russian Republic. According to the terms of the competition, the coat of arms should have depicted a worker and a peasant, the text "RSFSR", tools of labor, the slogan "Proletarians of all countries, unite!". According to the results of the competition the best works the projects of Miturich, Altman, S.V. Chekhonin were recognized.

On July 10, 1918, at the final meeting of the 5th All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants', Soldiers' and Cossacks' Deputies, the Constitution of the RSFSR was adopted, which officially approved the coat of arms of the republic:

"Chapter XVII, Section 6, § 89.
The coat of arms of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic consists of images on a red background in the rays of the sun of a golden hammer and sickle, placed crosswise with handles down, surrounded by a crown of ears and with the inscription:
a) Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
b) Proletarians of all countries, unite!

The new coat of arms almost exactly repeated the seal adopted on June 19; the differences were in the presence of sunlight and in the exact indication of colors. The drawing of the coat of arms for the first edition of the Constitution was made by the artist-medalist of the Petrograd Mint A.F. Vasyutinsky.

On the cover of the first edition of the Constitution, an emblem, sometimes mistaken for the coat of arms of the RSFSR, was depicted, made by the artist E. Lansere. The figured shield depicted a sickle and a hammer in the rays of the sun, around them a wreath tied with a gold ribbon, on the intercepts of which the red letters "R.S.F.S.R." are written; above the hammer and sickle the motto; behind the shield are two lictor bundles (a symbol of power); at the bottom of an oak branch.

The hammer and sickle in the coat of arms symbolized the indestructible union of workers and peasants, the red color - revolution, creative creation, struggle; the sun is the noble goal of building communism; a wreath of wheat - peaceful creative work and well-being of the state; motto - fidelity to Marxist teachings. The creation of the hammer and sickle emblem so popular then is attributed to the artist E.I. Kamzolkin, for the first time he used it when decorating the holiday on May 1, 1918 in Moscow. According to another version, the author of the hammer and sickle A.V. Rudnev, the architect of the monument to the fighters of the revolution. P.K. Kornakov cited in his article data on the use of the hammer and sickle on banners that adorned the entrance of the Mariinsky Palace in Petrograd on April 18 (May 1), 1917.

The appearance of the coat of arms of the RSFSR did not take shape immediately. At first, various versions were depicted on banknotes. They differed in the outlines of the motto ribbon (or cartouche), and some even lacked the likeness of a heraldic shield: the hammer and sickle seemed to "float" in the sun's rays.

At the beginning of 1920, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to improve the artistic form of the seal (and coat of arms). On July 20, 1920, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee approved a new version of the coat of arms, designed by the artist N.A. Andreev. The motto was now placed on a red ribbon at the bottom of the coat of arms, the name of the republic was given in the abbreviated form "R.S.F.S.R." and was located in the upper part of the shield, on each side the shield-cartouche was surrounded by 7 ears of corn. The new emblem was legalized by the Constitution of the RSFSR, adopted by the 12th All-Russian Congress of Soviets on May 11, 1925.

On October 18, 1929, the 14th Congress of Soviets approved the new Constitution. The coat of arms remained unchanged.

On March 14, 1931, the 15th Congress of Soviets approved the new Constitution. The coat of arms again remained unchanged.

According to the Stalinist Constitution, adopted on January 21, 1937, the coat of arms remained unchanged, but the abbreviation of the RSFSR was now deciphered in a different way: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

According to the new spelling rules in 1954, dots in the abbreviation of the RSFSR were excluded.

After the adoption of the Constitution of 1978, the coat of arms of the RSFSR was supplemented on top with a red five-pointed star with a gold border. The description of the coat of arms in the text of the Constitution sounded like this:

"Article 180. The state emblem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic is an image of a sickle and a hammer on a red background in the rays of the sun and framed by ears of corn with the inscription: "RSFSR" and "Proletarians of all countries, unite!" At the top of the coat of arms is a five-pointed star. "

The emblem of the RSFSR is the first in time to appear among the emblems of the union republics. During the post-revolutionary five years, along with the Red Banner, it was perceived as the brightest and most expressive symbol of the Soviet country.

In the coat of arms of Russia, introduced by the Constitution on July 10, 1918 and made for the first time for printing by the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars V. I. Lenin on July 26, 1918 (this date can be considered the birthday of the coat of arms), new socialist symbols of labor, the union of workers and peasants, found an artistic embodiment, internationalism, the national heritage of the Motherland, its strength and power, its bright future.

The ideological authorship in the creation of these symbols belonged to the Bolshevik Party and its leaders. And this is quite natural. The birth of the attributes of a socialist state was impossible without a new, Marxist, philosophical understanding of them. Emblems, as you know, are "drawn ideas", and they could not be created by people who lived in the old ideas. The emblematic and artistic embodiment of the new symbols was the result of the work of the famous graphic artist S. V. Chekhonin. The main graphic elements of Soviet symbols - the hammer and sickle, the rising sun, golden ears of corn - simple, clear and seemingly natural, were created by Chekhonin in the process of selecting hundreds of options and sketches.

Hammer and sickle: the most concise and simple, the clearest emblem of the union of two working classes - workers and peasants. The idea of ​​the hammer as a symbol of the proletariat was universal by the time of the October Revolution and came directly from the revolutionary poetry of the period 1905-1907. For example, it is clearly expressed in F. Shkulev's poem "We are blacksmiths, and our spirit is young." As for the sickle, it seemed to be equal to the worker's hammer, but graphically it was expressive and convenient for depiction, it was on the same scale as the hammer. The combination of images of these tools as emblems of labor, symbols of the working class and the peasantry, their combination on the same heraldic field (shield) with the interpretation as a union of two classes was an innovation in world heraldry. The emblem of the hammer and sickle became our main emblem, entered the treasury of Soviet emblems.

The golden rising sun, flooding the earth with bright rays: a symbol of happiness and a bright future for our country.

Golden ears: a symbol of national wealth, the life-giving strength and fertility of our Motherland, the peaceful power and might of Soviet Russia. There are 14 such ears in the coat of arms - according to the number of large national-territorial units that originally made up the Russian Federation in 1917.

In 1978, 60 years after its creation, the coat of arms of the RSFSR, according to the new Constitution, was replenished with another emblem - a red five-pointed star surrounded by two borders - white and gold. Until that time, it was preserved in the form in which it was accepted and approved personally by V. I. Lenin. During the life of Vladimir Ilyich, the red star was not yet the state emblem, but was the military emblem of the Red Army.

Only from the end of the civil war did the red star (and it was created after the emblem of the RSFSR - in September 1918) began to be introduced into the emblems of the union republics. After the Great Patriotic War, only the RSFSR and Ukraine did not have this emblem in their coats of arms. In 1949, it was included in the coat of arms of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1978, at the request of the workers who participated in the discussion of the new Constitution, a red five-pointed star was added to the top of the coat of arms of the Russian Federation.

In the drawing of the state emblem of the RSFSR, two colors are mainly used: red - the color of revolution - for the fields of the shield and the motto shield, and gold - the color of power - for the four main elements of the coat of arms. In addition, two colors - black and white - are used as auxiliary and additional. All inscriptions and contours are made in black - the color of black metal (the "bread" of industry) and mother earth. Sparingly, but with great tact and taste applied in the design of the coat of arms White color. It is noticeable in the decoration of the lapels of the coat of arms, at the base of the stems of the ears, in the border of the star. This is the ancient national color of Russia, the color of its birch trees, Russian snowy expanses, linen and lace, a color that symbolizes the clarity of goals and the purity of thoughts.

V. POKHLEBKIN, Candidate of Historical Sciences

The coat of arms of the RSFSR of the sample of 1925 on the pedestal of the monument to Vera Mukhina "Worker and Collective Farm Girl". The sculptural group was created in 1937, the sculpture was reinstalled in 2009 on a new pavilion-pedestal specially erected for it. On the pedestal are the coats of arms of 10 union republics, but there should be 11. Armenia was not lucky.

The coat of arms was first described in Chapter XVII, Section 6, § 89, of the 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR.

“The coat of arms of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic consists of images on a red background in the rays of the sun of a golden sickle and hammer, placed crosswise with handles down, surrounded by a crown of ears and with the inscription: a) Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic b) Proletarians of all countries, unite !"

From May 11, 1925, the abbreviated name of the state began to be placed on the shield: "R.S.F.S.R." , the motto was placed on a red ribbon at the bottom of the coat of arms.

In 1954, according to the new spelling rules from the abbreviation "R. S. F. S. R.” dots have been removed. It's hard to say where this information comes from - there is not a word about this in the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation of 1956.

On April 12, 1978, in connection with the adoption of the new Constitution, a five-pointed red star with a gold border was added above the shield.

Pavilion No. 1 "Central" at VDNKh. Until 1963 - "Main". Built in 1954. The abbreviation "R. S. F. S. R.” with dots and a five-pointed star at the same time?

Pavilion No. 67 "Karelia" at VDNKh. Until 1957 - "Karelo-Finnish SSR", in 1957 - "Academy of Sciences of the USSR", in 1958 - "Science", in 1959-1963 - "Culture and Life of the Peoples of the RSFSR", in 1964-1966 - " Pulp-and-paper and wood-chemical industry”, hereinafter referred to as “Soviet press”. Built in 1954. The coat of arms of the RSFSR of the sample of 1925 is superimposed on top of the coat of arms of the Karelian-Finnish SSR.

Pavilion No. 59 "Grain" at VDNKh. The former pavilion of the Moscow, Ryazan and Tula regions, built in 1939. Coat of arms of the RSFSR sample 1925.

Pavilion No. 64 "Optics" at VDNKh. In 1939-1941 - "Leningrad and the north-east of the RSFSR", in 1954-1958 - "Leningrad and the north-west of the RSFSR", in 1959-1966 - "Education in the USSR", in 1967-1982 - "Economics Agriculture". In 1937, reconstructed in 1954. Coat of arms of the RSFSR sample 1954. No dots.

House of Culture at VDNKh. Built in 1954. Coat of arms of the RSFSR sample 1954. No dots.

Russian Institute of Cultural Studies on Bersenevskaya embankment. Plate from the times of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR. Coat of arms of the RSFSR sample 1978.

Delegatskaya street, house 3.

Coat of arms of the RSFSR sample 1925 on the building of the State Public Historical Library. Starosadsky lane, house 9 building 1.

Things definitely live some kind of life of their own - the same coat of arms of the RSFSR on Historic, only already painted with gold paint.

Entrance doors of the skyscraper of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR on Smolenskaya Square. On the central door there are 8 emblems of the USSR of the 1946 model, and on two more doors - 8 pieces on each door - the emblems of the Union Republics. At that time, there were exactly 16 union republics in the USSR.

The lobby of the metro station "Dobryninskaya".

Museum of Decorative and Applied Arts.

Moscow region. Serpukhov. Sovetskaya street, house 31/33. The former building of the Serpukhov Zemstvo Council.

Tver. Sovetskaya Street 4. Now here is the Tver State Medical Academy. Coat of arms of the RSFSR with dots.

The coat of arms was first described as follows:

“The coat of arms of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic consists of images on a red background in the rays of the sun of a golden hammer and sickle, placed crosswise with handles down, surrounded by a crown of ears and with the inscription: a) Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

b) Proletarians of all countries, unite!”

Authorship attributed to the artist Alexander Nikolaevich Leo(this fact is not known for certain).

At the beginning of 1920, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to improve the image of the coat of arms and approved on July 20, 1920 its new version, developed by the artist N. A. Andreev. The new emblem was finally legalized by the Constitution of the RSFSR, adopted by the 12th All-Russian Congress of Soviets on May 11, 1925.

• From May 11, 1925, the abbreviated name of the state began to be placed on the shield: “ R.S.F.S.R.", in accordance with the rules of the spelling then in force, and placed in the upper part of the shield, on each side of the shield- cartouche surrounded by 7 ears of corn, the motto was placed on a red ribbon at the bottom of the coat of arms.
• In 1954, according to the new spelling rules from the abbreviation "R. S. F. S. R.” dots have been removed.
• April 12, 1978 in connection with the adoption of a new Constitution above the shield was added a five-pointed red star with a gold border:

The State Emblem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic is

On November 16, 1993, the President, by his order (No. 740-rp), appointed a commission for the development of the coat of arms, the chairman of which was the chief state archivist of Russia R. G. Pikhoya, the members of the commission were G. V. Vilinbakhov (head of the Heraldic Department of the Russian Archive), V. V. Vinogradov (Director of the Department of Consular Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia), V.P. Egorov (Deputy Chief of Staff of the Border Troops of the Ministry of Defense of Russia) and others.

Two weeks later, on November 30, 1993, the President of Russia signed Decree No. 2050 “On the State Emblem Russian Federation”, which entered into force on December 1, 1993 and introduced the image of the coat of arms of the Russian Federation with a double-headed eagle.