Types of labia are completely different. This is due to the different anatomical development of the female reproductive organs. Moreover, throughout the life cycle, the genitourinary system undergoes many changes, both internal and external.

In the anatomical structure of the female genitourinary system, 2 types of labia are distinguished: these are small and large lips. Small ones perform the function of a dense girth of the penis during intercourse. But the large lips of the female reproductive system perform a protective function, the result of which is the protection of the vagina from the penetration of foreign objects and various infections into it.

The labia majora is a normal longitudinal skin fold, the color of which depends on individual features female body. Physicians classify them according to outward signs in the following way:

• lips normal length and thickness;
• asymmetrical folds;
• underdeveloped organs.

The structure of the labia minora has much more differences. In the normal state, their thickness should not exceed 5-6 mm. In this case, the longitudinal folds of the female genital organs should immediately pass into the mucous membrane. In the area of ​​the clitoris, the skin folds of the female genital organs are divided into lateral and medial legs. These legs stretch into the upper and lower parts of the genitourinary system. They end at the very beginning of the vagina and on the lower commissure.

The labia minora can have completely different shape and are divided according to the type of change that occurs with them. Among such changes, physicians distinguish elongation, protrusion, scalloping and hypertrophy of the genital folds.

Elongation is characterized by a large stretching of the skin folds, which can exceed 60-70 mm. In the normal state, their size should be 20-30 mm. With protrusion, a rather strong protrusion of the internal folds is observed. In this state, the labia majora are not able to fully protect the female genitourinary system.

Scalloping is observed only at the edges of the lips and is characterized by a change in their color and shape. If such changes are observed for a rather long period of time, then the patient may experience hypertrophy of the skin folds. As a result, large wrinkles will appear on the internal organs, and pigmentation of the skin will occur.

Reasons for changing forms

As noted above, the genitals of each woman have a completely individual shape. At the same time, doctors have not established fairly clear criteria that determine their color and shape. Although an experienced gynecologist, during a visual examination, can detect abnormal changes occurring in the organs of the vagina.

Most often, such changes are the result of a violation of the hormonal background of the body, resulting in an increase in the level of androgen (male sex hormone). A similar phenomenon causes polycystic ovaries, increased hairiness of the limbs (arms, legs) and infertility.

Also among the reasons affecting the change in the shape of the vagina, one can note mechanical damage (tight underwear) and heavy physical exertion that affect the inguinal region. In addition, frequent and prolonged masturbation not only causes a change in the shape of the internal organs, but also leads to other dangerous diseases.

It is impossible not to note the various diets that the female gender quite often adheres to. The wrong dietary intake can lead to drastic change not only the patient's weight, but also cause damage to his internal organs.

At the same time, young girls, whose age does not exceed 25 years, are most at risk. This is due to the fact that the anatomical formation of their body has not yet been finally completed.

As a rule, any changes in the organs of the vagina lead to problems in intimate life.

If such problems have come, you should not despair. Modern medicine allows you to solve problems with changes in the shape of skin folds with the help of drug treatment or plastic surgery.

And if you are interested in network business and need automation, then look for it.

Medical treatment allows you to cope with diseases only in the initial stages of their manifestations. For this, antihistamines and antiseptics are used (Fluconazole, Metronidazole, Doxycycline, Acyclovir, Diflucan), which can eliminate itching and various pain sensations. In addition, it is necessary to restore the hormonal background of the body.

This can be done with a special diet, which should be saturated with mint, vegetable oil and white yeast bread. In the event that medications failed to eliminate the problem, they resort to surgical elimination of the disease.

There are many different approaches to the problem of classifying groups in the literature, and different bases for these classifications are named. Let's take a look at the most accepted ones.
First of all, among the groups there are conditional And real groups. Conditional (or nominal) groups are called groups that unite people who do not have direct relationships and contacts with each other. People united in these groups may not only never meet, but also know nothing about each other. So, in statistics, conditional groups of people are distinguished according to some criterion. For example, a group of people with a certain level of education, or a certain disease, or in need of separate housing is statistically distinguished from the inhabitants of a particular subject of the Russian Federation. (Based on the definition of the group, explain why the group selected in this way will be conditional.) People are also grouped into conditional groups according to such characteristics as the nature of the activity, gender, age, nationality, etc. (Think about what other signs can be taken as the basis allocation of conditional groups.)
In contrast to conditional, real groups are really existing associations of people connected by certain relationships and aware of their belonging to it. Real groups arise either in connection with the needs of society (created by various organizations), or at the request of the people included in this group (arise as voluntary associations). Really existing groups, for example, include a family, a team of workers, a student group, a school class, a yard company.
To understand the characteristics of socio-psychological research, it is important to distinguish between real groups laboratory And natural groups. Laboratory groups are specially created by social psychologists to perform experimental tasks in connection with the goals of their research. For example, during one of the experiments, during which the influence of television programs on children's aggression was studied, several students were combined into a laboratory group elementary school. The researchers set up TV viewing in the lab so that they could monitor the "amount" of abuse children witnessed and track its impact on children's behavior.
Natural groups arise in the course of the development of society. In connection with the number of their participants, natural groups are distinguished large and small groups. Examples of large natural groups are ethnic groups, professional groups, gender and age groups (in particular, youth, pensioners, etc.). Examples of small natural groups are school classes, sports teams, yard groups of friends.
emergence social psychology how sciences are usually associated with the first attempts to study psychological phenomena in large groups(second half of the 19th century). Studied, for example, "the psychology of peoples", "the psychology of the masses." Starting from the 20s. 20th century social psychologists have focused on studying small groups. You will learn more about large groups in 11th grade. We mention them here to give a holistic view of what groups are like.
Among the natural groups are primary And secondary. The selection criterion is the presence or absence of direct contacts between members of the group. In primary groups (family, group of friends, team, etc.) there are direct contacts between people. Secondary groups are groups where there are no direct contacts between its members, and various "intermediaries" are used for communication. If the student group can be considered as a primary group, then all students of the course and faculty constitute a secondary association. Primary group is identified with a small group, saying that it is part of a higher-level system - a secondary association. From this point of view, a small group is often characterized as subsystem.
Now let's see what are small groups.
Researchers distinguish between groups formal(organized, official) and informal(informal, spontaneous). Formal groups are created by a specific organization with specific tasks to achieve any specific goals. According to the American sociologist Elton Mayo (1880-1949), who first proposed the division of small groups into formal and informal groups, the formal group differs in that it initially defines the status of its members, strictly distributes roles, a system of leadership and subordination (“power structure” ). Formal groups can, for example, include a football team in which the roles of each of the participants are initially clearly defined: attacker, defender, goalkeeper, etc. (Give your examples of formal groups.)
Informal groups are voluntary communities of people that are formed on the basis of common interests, friendships, and mutual sympathy. They arise without any help, and sometimes against the will of the organization or other formal structures. Neither statuses nor roles in such groups are prescribed, they do not have a given system of relationships, but there are unwritten rules and norms regarding acceptable behavior and duties. An informal group may arise within a formal one. For example, in a classroom as a formal group, smaller groups of buddies or friends united by a common interest may emerge. An informal group may also arise not within a particular formal group, but outside it, as an independent one. This is how, for example, yard companies arise. Sometimes, within the framework of such groups, despite their informal nature, joint activities arise, and then they acquire some features of formal groups: positions and roles can be distinguished in them. (Remember, for example, Timur and his team, described in the book by A.P. Gaidar.) Social psychologists often consider the structure of formal and informal relations, distinguishing not groups, but the type and nature of relations within them.
Another classification often found in the literature is “membership groups” and “reference groups” (from Latin refero - I correlate, English to refer - to relate, correlate).

It often happens that we have a desire for self-realization and development of our own source of income. But when choosing a direction, questions multiply in my head. And, instead of find answers to resolve, the resulting chaos only creates panic. There are thoughts about their own insolvency and the lack of an "entrepreneurial streak". Misunderstanding in which area to implement yourself, stops more than the lack of start-up capital. In fact, everything is much easier if there is a clear search plan.

There are many options for classifying small business industries, but most fall into the following categories:

• IT business
• Household services, repair (service)
• Pets
• Innovation
• Internet
• Consulting
• Beauty, health
• Education
• Public catering
• Production
• Entertainment, recreation, sports
• Seasonal business
• Agriculture
• Construction
• Trade
• Transport services
• Tourism

How to understand in which industry to apply your strengths and skills?

first step will be compiling a list of their skills and knowledge. No need to box yourself in - just write everything that you can remember. It would not be superfluous to ask your relatives, friends, acquaintances - in solving what problems they would turn to you for advice or help, in what situations you have already helped them. The collective mind will not be superfluous here, own memory is often very selective.

Second step- selection from the resulting list of those items that really like study. This will be the main list. Options that are not included in it should not be thrown out of life, they will form a reserve.

Now we scatter the main list by classification and look at those small business industries where you need to apply your skills.

Third step perhaps the most creative of all. In a particular industry, you need sort out all conceivable options activities, regardless of personal skill. At this stage, the first insights, insights may appear. Most likely, you will find that your knowledge in a particular area overlaps with other areas. Don't forget to write them down!

Fourth step - elaboration of related options. What does it look like in reality? Let's take not the most common example - cast iron. You are a metal artist and can easily handle both the creation of gates for a private area and designer candlesticks. Possible destinations- pay attention to household services and trade.

It will not be superfluous to use the services of wordstat.yandex to search for possible ideas in the right area.

Testing for competitiveness fifth and very important step. Balance is very important: the most sought-after small business industries tend to have a lot to offer. And if competitors are not noticed in a niche, it is likely that there is no demand in your region.

Of course, there are exceptions. Therefore, it is necessary to test not only the number of competitors, but also the potential need of the population.

Subsequent calculations will be more prosaic. In any industry, there is such an unpleasant, but necessary moment as registration and. Over the past couple of years, the patent system has been gaining popularity, where the conditions are slightly more flexible than under the standard USN.

Having gone through all the steps in sequence, you can discover a sufficient number of areas in which you can find self-realization with growing incomes, and see your path for further development.

Let's do a little poll, shall we? Tell us in the comments what industry you work in, what you do. We are interested in learning more about you!

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At one time, leaving after the first decree for free swimming, I was looking for a scope for my skills and abilities. And, as the article says, the resulting chaos of doubt gave rise to a terrible panic, and I again went to work in the office. By the time of the second decree, I had already acted approximately according to the scheme described by the author. And now I am at the same time a private yoga teacher for mothers and children, as well as a copywriter (thanks to Maria and her agency for training and orders). When my daughter grows up, I plan to launch a small handmade production while I develop technologies and acquire ideas. So, as they say, everything is possible, the impossible just takes a little more time;)

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1. Hope, thanks for your comment. And I wish you good luck in all your endeavors!

   To answer

Each person, regardless of his age and occupation, is in several small groups - this is a family, a school class, a sports team. The relationship of the individual with other members of the team plays a key role in shaping his personality. The variety of types of associations demonstrates the classification of small ones, which attaches particular importance to the study of the characteristics of small groups and their role in society.

What is a small social group

Based on small teams it is possible detailed study the connection of the individual with his environment, the influence of society on its members. Therefore, in sociological research, the concepts of "group", "small group", "classification of groups" occupy an important place. The fact is that a person spends most of his life in small groups that have a strong influence on the formation of his values.

A social group is an association of people connected by joint activities and a system interpersonal relationships. Such groups are classified by size, that is, by the number of participants.

Small group - a small association of people connected by joint activities and in direct communication with each other. A feature of such a team is that the number of its members does not exceed twenty, and therefore they can freely contact each other and establish an emotional connection.

signs

There are a number of provisions, the presence of which may indicate that the association is a small social group:

• co-presence of people in one territory at a certain time;
• emotional contact between team members, the presence of stable relationships;
• joint activities aimed at achieving a common goal;
• division between members of group roles;
• the presence of an organizational and managerial structure;
• the formation of their norms and values.

The concept and classification of small groups are based on these features and the nature of their manifestation. The establishment of emotional relationships between individual members can lead to the emergence of subblocks and internal structure.

Association types

There are several aspects in relation to which the classification of small groups is formed. The table below shows the types of small social associations.

The nature of internal communications

The determining factor is the classification of small social groups with respect to the way it arises. Formal associations are created by management and have legal status. Their activities are regulated by certain documentation. The management of such a group is top-down, and its members are determined by the organization.

Informal groups arise spontaneously based on the emotional ties of the participants. Such societies do not have an official status, and its activities are directed "from the bottom up". Nevertheless, they also form some norms and values ​​shared by all members of the group and predetermining their behavior. If in formal organizations the leader has official powers, then in contact organizations he acts through the recognition of other participants.

Reference team

On the factor of significance of the association for an individual, another small group is based, the norms of which play an important role for a person, called the reference (reference). A member of the team sorts through its value system, forms the appropriate standards. This group is divided into two subspecies:

• Ideal. The individual does not belong to the association, but in his behavior he is guided by its norms.
• presence group. A person is a member of this team and shares values.

Small communities play a crucial role in shaping The child sees the norms accepted in the family and among friends. At the same time, small social groups can also have a negative impact on the individual - suppress his personal qualities (inhibition), impose incorrect ideals.

social significance

Small organizations can play different roles in society, depending on the values ​​and goals pursued by the small group. The classification of small groups, based on the criterion of social significance, suggests the existence of three types of associations: socially oriented, asocial and antisocial. Accordingly, they play a positive, neutral and negative role. Socially oriented small groups include educational, public, productive organizations. Various criminal associations are not accepted by people, which nevertheless retain authority for their members.

Group management

Management includes a number of actions necessary to organize the activities of the association. This concept includes decision-making, goal setting, development of plans, control, coordination, and so on. There is a conditional classification of small groups regarding the method of management. There are the following types of relationships:

• subordination (top);
• coordination (horizontal system);
• reordination (bottom).

Successful organization of activities is based on the combination of these principles, the search for the best option for building internal relations.

Head of the team

A feature of the organization of small groups is the selection of a leader. This is a member of the association, which has a strong influence on its activities. He is respected among the other members due to his personal qualities and plays an important role in the management of the group. The activity of the leader extends to both internal and external communication. He ensures the involvement of team members in joint activities, exercises control over decision-making. There is a classification of small groups based on the level of the leader's intervention in the activities of the association and the degree of involvement of each member in the community management process. In the most successful organizations (both contact and formal), a balance is struck between the two extremes.

Management styles

The conditional classification of small groups, which takes as a basis the involvement of members of the association in the process of its management, includes three positions presented in the table below.

There is also a theory of X and Y. In the first case, a person initially avoids work and prefers to be led. Theory Y suggests that the individual has a high level of self-control and strives for responsibility. Accordingly, two different control methods are applicable here.

Collective pressure

The norms adopted in the association have an impact on the way of life of its individual member. Everyone knows an experiment conducted with a group of children, where prearranged participants incorrectly answered the question posed, and the last subject repeated the words of his peers. This phenomenon is called conformism. The opinion of the majority of the members of a small group has an effect on the individual. The opposite of this phenomenon can be independence, that is, the independence of a person’s attitudes from the opinions of the environment.

At the same time, the classification of small groups regarding the role it plays for an individual is important. The higher the association's referentiality, the more conformism manifests itself.

Formation of a small social group

Each team goes through several stages of development. Psychologists G. Stanford and A. Roark developed a theory that includes 7 stages of the formation of a social group. The study is based on a two-factor model of team development, where there are contradictions between business and emotional activity.

1. Acquaintance, the first attempts of interpersonal interaction.
2. Creation
3. stage of conflict.
4. The state of balance, the emergence of a sense of unity.
5. Formation of unity - business activity increases, common goals are set.
6. The dominance is not workers, but interpersonal relations of individual members of the association.
7. Actualization, balance of business and emotional activity.

Social roles in a small group

Members of an association may be assigned certain behaviors related to solving problems or communicating with other members. Roles are manifested both in the business and in the emotional activity of the group. For example, in the process of solving problems, the "initiator" offers new ideas, and the "critic" evaluates the work of the entire group and finds its weaknesses. Roles are also manifested in the sphere of interpersonal relations of the team. So, the inspirer actively supports the ideas of other members, and the conciliator renounces his opinion and settles conflict situations.

The main indicator that allows you to recognize the enterprise as small is the number of employees for a specific period of time. Criteria such as the size of its assets, the size of the authorized capital and the annual turnover also matter.

In Russia, a small business is a commercial organization, in the authorized capital of which the participation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, charitable and other foundations, as well as religious and public organizations no more than 25 percent. In addition, a share that belongs to several legal entities or one legal entity. face, should also not be more than 25 percent.

The number of employees for a certain period should not be higher than the standard established in a particular area. If it is construction, industry or transport, the number of employees of a small enterprise cannot exceed 100 people. If it is a wholesale trade - no more than 50 people, if it is a consumer service or retail trade - no more than 30 people, if any other activity - no more than 50 people.

Medium enterprises

The definitions of medium and small business around the world are quite close. What generalizes them is economic entities that do not exceed a specific indicator in terms of the number of employees, the amount of gross assets and turnover. Medium enterprises are also eligible for simplified reporting. In order to understand the scope of the number of employees - after all, this criterion is most often the main one - it is worth considering a few examples.

If we take a consulting or research agency, it can be classified as a medium-sized enterprise when the number of its employees ranges from 15 to 50. If we talk about a travel company, then it can be classified as a medium-sized enterprise when the number of its employees is in the range from 25 to 75. The medium print media will be an editorial office with no more than 100 employees. As with small enterprises, medium enterprises are considered in terms of turnover and market share they occupy.

Large enterprises

A large enterprise is a company that produces a significant share of the total commodity volume of any industry. It is also characterized by the number of people employed in the work, the size of assets and sales. To classify an enterprise as a large business, it is necessary to take into account the territorial, industry and state specifics. For example, for the field of mechanical engineering, the main factors are the volume of products, the number of workers and the cost of fixed assets. If we take the agro-industrial complex, we can focus only on the number of livestock or the area of ​​land.