Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Gymnasium No. 86" of the urban district of the city of Ufa

Republic of Bashkortostan

Section "World around"

I AM LEFT!

3rd grade student

Head: Gavrilova S.V.,

teacher primary school

gymnasium No. 86

2016

Content

Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical part.

1.1. Who are lefties?

1.2. Left-handedness is forever.

1.3. famous lefties.

1.4. I AM LEFT!

Chapter 2. Practical part.

2.1 Organization and analysis of the survey of students of the 3rd grade of gymnasium No. 86

2.2. Organization and analysis of experimental work among students of the 3rd grade of gymnasium No. 86

Conclusion.

You're left-handed, and that's great! You're left-handed, and that's great!

They say that mindset

Lefties are so unusual

Right around the head.

You are a feature of nature

Accept with honor and pride.

And the talent that is given from God,

You carry it with dignity.

Introduction

I am left handed! I realized that something was wrong with me in kindergarten, when in class or during meals, the teacher corrected me all the time, offering to take a pencil or a spoon in the other hand. And when I did this, I became uncomfortable and nothing worked. Then my mother went to the teacher and talked to her about something. And I didn't get any more comments like that. Then it was time to go to school. And my mother from the first day warned the teacher that I was left-handed. At school, the teacher always tries to seat me on the left side. I began to pay attention to the fact that almost all children do everything with their right hand. That's when I decided to find out from my mother what was wrong with me, why am I not like everyone else?! Mom explained to me that a left-handed person is the same person as everyone else, it’s just that there are much fewer people who use their left hand than people who work with their right hand. And that when my mother was little, left-handers were retrained, and therefore there were even fewer of them. I then asked my mother - why didn’t she retrain me? To which she answered me that she did not want to inconvenience me and that she did not see the need for it. She said that it is more important for her that I be healthy and happy, and no matter which hand I will hold the spoon with. But this is the opinion of my mother, and for my mother it really doesn’t matter if the child is right-handed or left-handed. But my mother is right-handed. And I wondered if she was right in not retraining me from the point of view of scientists.

Relevance of the topic. And I am by no means alone in this peculiarity. Only in my class there were 3 people - left-handers. I can eat normally, I have learned to write well, but, for example, I am not very dexterous with scissors. After all, everything in our country is done under right hand, which creates certain inconveniences for us left-handers. So maybe you need to retrain left-handers? Or not?

Purpose of the study: find out how many of us are left-handers, and whether we need to be retrained.

In my work I plan to solve the following tasks :

Study literature on a given topic;

Find out who the left-handers really are;

Find out what is the reason for "left-handedness";

Learn the features of the development of left-handers;

Learn how to determine whether you are left-handed or right-handed;

Conduct a survey of 3rd grade students;

Conduct experiments in the classroom;

Draw conclusions.

Object of study: left-handedness.

Subject of study: the influence of left-handedness on the learning process.

Job hypothesis: the left-hander does not need to be retrained, tk. it does not affect the level of knowledge.

Research methods:

Analysis of literature on a given topic.

Questioning.

Experiment.

Analysis of the obtained results.

Chapter 1. Theoretical part

1. Who are lefties?

Left-handers are usually called people who, to perform certain actions, prefer not to use their right hand, like most people, but their left. There is an opinion that people whose left hand is more developed than the right hand have a significant advantage over right-handers. According to this theory, left-handed people process information more easily, are able to analyze a situation faster, and in general, they more often achieve success in life, becoming big leaders and earning larger sums than right-handed people. Is it really?

Some scientists believe that the ratio of left-handers and right-handers at all times has remained approximately the same. Interestingly, the cave paintings depict people doing something with their right hand. There are plenty of such images on the walls of caves and Egyptian pyramids. Moreover, tools and products of ancient gunsmiths that have been preserved since the Paleolithic era were clearly intended for the right hand.

But there are works proving that in the Stone Age there were the same number of right-handed and left-handed people, and in the Bronze Age there were already two-thirds of right-handers. It is curious that equality reigns in the animal world in this sense. Although a number of studies convincingly prove that monkeys prefer to reach for food with their left hand, and perform various manipulations with their right. That is, the old functions are controlled by the right hemisphere, and the new ones by the left.

Have you ever wondered why it is customary for us to shake the right hand when greeting, why the crown on wristwatches is on the right, the handsets in telephone booths hang on the right, the slot for the travel card in the subway turnstiles is on the right, the working tools are for the right hand, the release button is cameras on the right, door handles, and they are placed in such a way that it is convenient for right-handers, but not for left-handers? Scientists believe that in ancient times humanity was left-handed. The reasons for the prevailing right-handedness exist at the level of hypotheses. One of them says that in times of restlessness, which was a series of endless hand-to-hand wars, where the main ones were a shield and a sword, left-handers were simply exterminated, because they held the sword in their left hand, and the shield in their right, not being able to protect the left half of their chest with it. where the heart is. However, the most likely reason for the decrease in the number of left-handers is the gradual activation of the role of the left hemisphere.

Man is designed in such a way that the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body, and the right - the left. At the same time, although the hemispheres are outwardly similar and work together, they think and live differently. This is called interhemispheric asymmetry.

An ancient left-handed person had a more active right hemisphere, which is characterized by unconscious instinctive actions, flair and intuition, figurative memory, a deep sense of rhythm, colors, sounds, smells, touches, good orientation in space. With the advent of signs of civilization, many of the above properties of a person remained unclaimed and they began to be replaced by more necessary functions of the left hemisphere, which controls the right hand, such as conscious concrete thinking, mathematical and analytical abilities, speech, reading and writing, the ability to purposeful and differentiated actions. Imperceptibly losing the sixth sense, the child of nature gradually turned into a child of progress with an active left hemisphere and an active right hand. Right-handedness, reinforced by religious and cultural traditions, began to dominate, and left-handers, awkward and unadapted, were driven into a corner.

Does everyone know that people who use their left hand as a leader have their own holiday? And he is! International left-handed day is celebrated on August 13th. For the first time this holiday was celebrated in 1992 at the initiative of the British Left-handers Club, created in 1990. All over the world on this day, left-handers are trying to draw the attention of manufacturers of goods (both household and specialty) to the need to take into account the convenience of their use by left-handed people. To do this, lefties arrange various events and competitions. But the main concern of left-handers is the fact that in many schools around the world, left-handed children are still trying to retrain left-handed children to use their right hand while writing, and it has long been known that such retraining provokes psychological stress and lowers student achievement.

1. Left-handedness is forever.

According to scientists, left-handed children should not be retrained. Left-handedness is forever! Even retrained left-handers prefer to use their left hand at critical moments. No one has yet discovered the reason why some people are left-handed, but about 13% of the world's population is left-handed. One of the causes of left-handedness is heredity, as there is a family predisposition to left-handedness. Researchers recently discovered a gene that they believe is responsible for a child's left-handedness, so if this gene is present, one or more children in the family may be left-handed, and in the absence of this gene, everyone in the family will be only right-handed.

It has already been proven that there is still a special variant of left-handedness - compensatory, in which this phenomenon is a compensation for brain development disorders due to the pathology of pregnancy and childbirth, traumatic brain injuries or serious diseases of early age.

The way the brain works is incredibly complex, but a somewhat simplified explanation will give some idea of ​​where left hand dominance is formed. The brain works in a cross-functional way - the left hemisphere controls the right hand and the right side of the body, and, conversely, the left side of the body and the left hand are controlled by the right hemisphere.

The left hemisphere controls speech, language, writing, logic, mathematics, science - this is a mode of linear thinking. The right hemisphere governs musical ability, art, creativity, perception, emotions, genius - this is the mode of holistic thinking.

However, this trend is manifested only in relation to men, left-handed and right-handed women show the same results here. It also turned out that left-handers are more likely than right-handers to become highly qualified specialists (53% vs. 38%). There are also disproportionate numbers of left-handers among artists, musicians, and certain categories of athletes (such as baseball players, golfers, and boxers).

A lot of people are constantly wondering why there are right-handers and left-handers. This is indeed an extremely interesting fact! I tried to analyze what are the differences between right-handed and left-handed people and why you should not retrain if you are left-handed.

There is no generally accepted and clear explanation why some people are right-handed and others are left-handed. However, there are several theories about this. One of them, by far the leading theory, is that our body is asymmetrical (the right half is not identical to the left). Therefore, the right and left hemispheres of the human brain also function differently. Also, nerves connect each hemisphere to the opposite side of the body: the right hemisphere to the left and vice versa.

It follows that if the left side of the brain has an advantage, then the right side of the body is more advanced and more adaptable. Everything we do during life (read, cook, write) - all this happens thanks to the left hemisphere of the brain. For left-handers, the opposite is true: a rearrangement occurs, the right side of the brain dominates the left, so such people have better control over the left side of the body. This trait is often inherited, in connection with this, left-handed parents are more likely to have a left-handed child, and right-handed parents are more likely to have a right-handed child.

Approximately one in ten people is left-handed. According to observations, there are half as many left-handers among girls as among boys. This difference is explained by the fact that both hemispheres of the brain are responsible for different sides life. The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the perception of information and emotionality, therefore, left-handed people perceive everything in a generalized and intuitive way. The left hemisphere, in turn, is responsible for details and analysis, so right-handers are more prone to logic and rationality.

As a rule, at the age of 5 it becomes completely clear whether you are left-handed or right-handed. And since they are born, then they should not be retrained. The reason here is hidden in the work of the brain, which in any case will not work differently from this. Therefore, it is even more difficult for retrained left-handers to write and study in general.

According to sociological theory, due to their exclusivity, left-handers show better results in certain activities. The left hand often prevails among composers, artists, athletes, leaders; right - for linguists, engineers, mathematicians.

Let's better understand what kind of people they are and what is their role in the life of mankind (perhaps not yet played). And discarding the wary-negative attitude, we will understand that they are not wrong, but simply not right.

1. Notable lefties .

Leonardo Da Vinci, an outstanding Italian scientist, explorer, inventor and artist, architect, anatomist and engineer, an outstanding personality of the Italian Renaissance. He was an ambidexter. This is a special type of people who are equally good at both right and left hands. There are one in five of us.

Charlie Chaplin, English and American film actor and film director. Recognized as one of the best comedians in the history of world cinema, he was awarded the Oscar three times. He also played the violin with his left hand.

Julius Caesar, in addition to being able to do three things at the same time, he was also an ancient Roman statesman and politician, commander, and writer.

Lefties were also: Aristotle, Tiberius, Caesar, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Alexander the Great, Joan of Arc, Charlemagne, Napoleon, Newton, I.P. Pavlov, N.S. Leskov, D.K. Maxwell, Ch Chaplin, L. Carroll, P. Picasso. Of today's notable left-handers, let's name Ronald Reagan, Paul McCartney, Bruce Willis, Whoopi Goldberg, Oprah Winfrey, David Duchovny. Comments are superfluous here. Left-handers have more than proved their usefulness.

Among them are many architects, artists and musicians. Left-handed boxers are known for their advantages, as are fencers and tennis players. AT emotional sphere left-handers have their own characteristics: they are unrestrained, often timid, impressionable, conscientious, sensual and much more pessimistic than right-handers and ambidexters.

1. I AM LEFT!

Nature endowed left-handers with unusual (according to right-handers) properties.

Lefties:

are able to perceive sounds and intonations differently, subtly isolating what right-handed people cannot hear. They listen to music better, or rather, hear it better.

have a figurative memory, the ability to retain impressions for a long time and reproduce vivid memories. They can see the invisible by seeing the many-sided subtext in a simple image. They have a craving for paradoxes, their own look and special color perception.

easily navigate in space, remembering all the moves and exits, remember the details and sequence of actions. In addition, they freely deal with time, fixing in memory the sequence of experienced events and easily returning to them, as if by invisible marks.

associated with the unconscious, let it not sound like something from the field of kitchen psychology. Left-handers see the world differently, discovering and experiencing its other facets and qualities. This explains the phenomenal properties of some lefties: the ability to live one step ahead and predict the future. Enlightenment for them is a natural ability.

Against the background of these amazing left-handers, right-handers, who can operate with numbers, think logically and speak fluently, look very mundane. Left-handedness is not bright, but hidden, manifested in a more active use of the left ear, left eye or left foot.

If you have a left-handed child, then do not put pressure on him, but consult a psychologist who is able to adapt and teach him to fully live in our "right", too rational world. If the left-hander is left alone, without trying to retrain, he will respond with high rates of mental development, creative thinking, outstanding abilities and achievements in architecture, music, and artistic creativity. Lefties should be protected, perhaps they have not yet fully revealed their potential. They also watch colored dreams and are able to see the future.

Having learned all these facts, I can now proudly say: “I am left-handed!”

1.5. Leading Hemisphere Tests

First, we know that the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the right side.

Therefore, people with a leading left hand (left-handers) belong to the right hemispheres, and right-handers - to the left hemispheres, but this division is conditional.

You can do a few exercises and find out which hemisphere is leading, what types of reactions prevail in each of you. Get a piece of paper and a pencil ready. After each task, you will record on a piece of paper which type of reaction - RIGHT or LEFT - manifested in you. They can be marked, for example, with the letters "P" and "L".

Let's get to the first task. Place your hands in front of you and interlace your fingers. See which of the two thumbs is on top - right or left. If the right finger is on top, then this is the right type of reaction (the leading hemisphere is the left), and mark it on your sheet. If the left finger is on top, then the type of reaction you have is left, and the leading hemisphere is right (and in the following tasks, respectively, too).

Let's move on to the second task. Your eyes are open. Fold your index fingers in front of your eyes as if you were aiming a gun, and at the same time catch and fix with your eyes the point you are shooting at (do not close your eyes!).

Now close first one and then the other eye. See in which of these two cases the point of sight will shift. If the point has shifted when the right eye is closed, then the type of your reaction is right, if the point has shifted when the left eye is closed, then the type of reaction is left.

Let's move on to the third task. This is the so-called Napoleonic pose. Cross your arms over your chest and see which hand is on top, right or left. Record the result.

Finally, the fourth task. Give a little applause first. Now pay attention to which hand you have on top - right or left. Now record this result on your sheet.

All tasks are done. By the number of right and left types of reaction, you can, as a first approximation, determine your type of interhemispheric asymmetry.

First task allows you to judge the general nature of your psychological warehouse, whether it is logical (left brain) or emotional (right brain)

Second task can talk about such character traits as hardness and aggressiveness.

Third - indicate a tendency to innocence or coquetry.

Fourth - on the decisiveness or indecision of character.

And here is a more detailed description of the types according to the test results:

PPPP - orientation to generally accepted opinion (stereotypes), a conservative type of character, the most stable (correct) behavior.

PPPl - insecure conservatism, weak temperament. Indecision.

PPlP - the ability to coquetry, determination, sense of humor, activity, vigor, temperament, artistry. When communicating with him, humor and determination are necessary, since this a strong character does not accept weak types.

PPll - a rare and independent type of character. Coquetry, sense of humor, softness, artistry. Some contradiction between indecision and firmness of character. High contact, but slow addiction.

Plpp - a business type of character, combining an analytical warehouse and softness. More common in women. The generally accepted type of "business woman".

Slow addiction, caution. Such people never go to the conflict "on the forehead", they are dominated by calculation, tolerance, "viscosity", slowness in the development of relations, some coldness.

PlPl - the weakest type of character, very rare. Defenselessness and weakness. Exposure various influences. It occurs only in women.

Plp - a tendency to new experiences and the ability not to create conflicts. Some inconsistency, the ability to flirt in an analytical manner, a special softness. Emotional slowness, languor. Simplicity and rare courage in communication, the ability to switch to a new type of behavior. More common in women.

Plll - inconstant and independent character, the main feature is analyticity. Occurs rarely.

LPPP - a common type of character with very good adaptation to different conditions.Emotionality combined with a lack of perseverance, which is primarily manifested in major strategic issues (marriage, education, etc.). High susceptibility to foreign influence. Easily contacts with all other types of character. In men, emotionality is lowered, there is a tendency to phlegm.

lPpl - weak perseverance, gentleness, compliance with cautious influence, naivety.Requires a particularly careful attitude to yourself - more often in women, the type of "little queen".

lplp - the strongest type of character, difficult to convince. Able to show perseverance, but sometimes it turns into a "loop" on secondary goals.Strong personality, energy, ability to overcome difficulties. Some conservatism due to insufficient attention to someone else's point of view.

Such people do not like infantilism.

lPll - Strong and unobtrusive character. Virtually unbelievable.

The main feature is internal aggressiveness, covered with external softness and emotionality. Fast communication, but slow rapport.

llpp - friendliness and simplicity, some dispersion of interests.

llpl - main features: innocence, gentleness, gullibility. This is a very rare type (1% of women, almost never occurs in men).

lllp - emotionality combined with decisiveness (the main feature), energy, some dispersion lead to the fact that emotional, quickly made, ill-considered decisions are possible for such characters. Therefore, in dealing with them, additional "brake mechanisms" are important.

lll - the ability to take a fresh look at things (anti-conservatism), the greatest emotionality, individuality, selfishness, stubbornness, security, sometimes turning into isolation.

The ability to smile dazzlingly.

Determined? Fits your character?

Chapter 2. Practical part

Having studied all the materials about left-handers, I came to the conclusion that in no case should we be retrained! This is an intervention in the work of brain structures.

For many years in a row, kindergarten teachers, teachers, pediatricians fought stubbornly with left-handedness. All learning programs were designed for right-handed people, life was set up only for them. Left-handers were not always supported even by parents, because they did not want their children to stand out from others, being careful that this would affect their relationship with the environment. And although society ignored left-handedness in every possible way, progressive doctors have always stated: left-handers are special. After all, important neurophysiological reactions do not proceed in the same way as in right-handed people. And it was scientists who first raised their voices in defense of left-handers, because they knew that every violent psychological action on the human body, the prohibition to use what is convenient, negatively affects the personality.

Now I would like to prove all this in practice!

2.1. Organization and analysis of the survey of students of the 3rd grade of gymnasium No. 86

I decided to conduct my research, which took place in two stages:

1. Questioning of 3rd grade students.

2. Experiment in the lesson.

The purpose of the survey: find out how many left-handers study at our school in the parallel third grade. And is it really that there are half as many left-handed girls as boys? How many of them are left-handed “by heredity”, and how many are not? And does it affect their hobbies and school performance.

To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was compiled, which was filled out by schoolchildren of the 3rd grade of gymnasium No. 86 in Ufa, a total of 83 people, among them 45 girls (54%) and 38 boys (46%).

Asked questions:

Who are you - a girl or a boy?

Which hand do you write with, right or left?

Do you have a lefty in your family?

Who do you want to become in the future?

It turned out that among our third-graders 7 people are left-handed, and this is only 8%. It's really not enough. But are there really fewer left-handed girls than boys? In our case, this was not confirmed: there were 4 girls (57%) and 3 boys (43%). And what is remarkable among right-handers, the number of girls and boys was also divided almost equally: 54% and 46%, respectively.

When answering the second question, I wanted to know if all left-handers are left-handed by heredity. It turned out that "hereditary" left-handers - 3 people (43%). And 20% of right-handers had a very high chance of being born left-handed.

When answering the fourth question, 6 left-handed people or 86% chose professions of a creative or sports orientation, and among right-handed people, the majority - 52% chose professions where more logical thinking is required. At the same time, 10% of right-handed people do not know who they want to be, and 38% have chosen professions of a creative or sports orientation.

In addition, I conducted a survey of class teachers in order to find out whether left-handedness affects the academic performance and underlining of children. All 7 left-handed people study for 4 and 5. Handwriting is also almost all even and neat. Several people graduated from the second class with honors.

2.2. Organization and analysis of experimental work among students of the 2nd grade of gymnasium No. 86

Purpose of the experiment: find out whether the thinking and perception of the surrounding reality is different for left-handed and right-handed people.

The experiment was:

The children were asked to divide nine words into groups according to any sign:

fish, feathers, run, dog, scales, fly, wool, swim, bird.

As a result of the first experiment, 86% of left-handers and 20% of right-handers have imaginative thinking, i.e. they divided the words in this way: fish + scales + swim, etc. And 14% of left-handers (1 person out of 7) and 80% of right-handers divided the words according to logical chains: animal - action - covers or noun - verb.

As a result of the second experiment, 100% of left-handers chose the circle and zigzag patterns. These figures, according to the psychological assessment, mean: a symbol of harmony (circle) and a symbol of creativity (zigzag), inherent in people with a right hemisphere type of thinking, figurative. The same figures were chosen by 60% of right-handers. The square and triangle figures were chosen only by right-handers - 40%, these figures are inherent in people with a left-brain type of thinking, logical.

And as a result of the third experiment, I concluded that the drawings of left-handers are radically different from each other. There is also an exact execution of what he saw and some kind of his own perception of reality, and his own figurative "geometry", taking into account additional details.

Drawings of right-handers are made in accordance with the task: a house and a tree. They are definitely similar to each other, which indicates that the authors performed the task, following the logic.

From the survey and experiment I conducted, we can conclude that right-handed people really have a left-hemispheric logical type of thinking, while left-handed people have a right-hemispheric figurative type of thinking. But this does not affect the learning process and handwriting in left-handers. As well as the fact that a right-handed person can be a creative and imaginative person. Those. there is absolutely no need to retrain the left-hander, causing him physical inconvenience and, possibly, psychological suffering.

It may just be necessary to accept the fact that the world is not completely "correct, right-handed." Make it more comfortable for left-handed people by creating more things for them. For example, here are some items for left-handed people that are already available and that were not there before:

And much more.

Thus, the set goals and objectives have been achieved:

The literature on a given topic was studied;

The cause of "left-handedness" and the features of the development of left-handers were studied;

Conducted a survey of 3rd grade students and experiments in the classroom;

Conclusions are drawn.

The materials of this work are for informational purposes only, and can be used as an additional aid in the classroom or classroom hours as a work containing quite Interesting Facts.

Conclusion

In the world, 20-25% of babies are born left-handed, and there are twice as many left-handed men as women. It has been proven that left-handers are extraordinary, talented, creative, smart, skillful. And from most people, at first glance, they are distinguished only by the fact that during the greeting they give their left hand ...

But science still cannot give an exact answer to the question why left-handed and right-handed children are born to the same parents, why nature divided us, like one image in a mirror.

It is well known that left-handedness is inherited. It has been proven that 50% of children become left-handed if their father and mother are left-handed. And at the same time, more than 6% of left-handers are children of right-handed parents. Perhaps this mystery will not be solved until one of the biggest secrets of the human brain is revealed - its asymmetry. And our “main computer” is arranged in such a way that the right and left hemispheres, although outwardly similar, differ both in structure and in functions.

We still cannot unravel the phenomenon of left-handedness, but we must evaluate it as a variant of the norm and as clear evidence of the versatility of human nature. So if your baby is left-handed, welcome! Who knows, maybe little Leonardo is growing up with you ...

Bibliography:

Pokrovsky V.I. Left-handedness//Encyclopedia of Health. - M.: IPO Author, 1992.-S.248-249.

Bekkelman L. Feeling brain//Man.- M.:OOO Astrel, 2002.-p.17.

Akimov G.E. How to help your child. - Yekaterinburg, 2003. - 110 p.

Airapetyants V.A. Left-handed child // Education and training of children with developmental disorders. - 2003 - No. 3.

Vartanyan G.A., Klementiev B.I. Chemical symmetry and asymmetry of the brain. M: Medicine, 1991

"Wikipedia". Free Encyclopedia. Wikipendia. ha.

Efremov K. Left - right brain // Knowledge is power. - 2002 - No. 8.

Markina N. The brain of right-handers and left-handers - What's the difference? "Science and Life" - 2001 - No. 6.

Don't overdo the lefty. No. 8, 2002 / Science and Life magazine.

Website about left-handed problems, w.w.w. left hand. ru.

Research"I'm left handed"

Completed by a 1st grade student

Klyuchevskoy Ivan

Supervisor:

Chumak Tatyana Mikhailovna

Hypothesis : Left-handedness is not a pathology and not a lack of development, it is the norm

Purpose of the study : to study the problem of left-handedness and prove that left-handedness is an individual variant of the norm.

Tasks : 1. Study the literature on the problem of left-handedness.

2. Find out how many lefties are in our class.

3. Conduct a survey among students and teachers

4 Conduct experiments to establish hidden left-handedness among students in my class.

Subject of study : "left-handedness"

Object of study : primary school students

Work plan

• Study the literature on the topic
• Conduct a survey of teachers
• Conduct student surveys
• Submit the results of your work

• Lefty - A person who prefers to use the left hand instead of the right. People who are left-handed generally use their left hand much more than their right.
• Lefties make up 10-17 percent of the world's population. There are about 15–18 million of them in Russia. Increased amount left-handedness is noted among twins.
• World Left-handers Day was established in 1992 and was first celebrated on August 13 at the initiative of the British Left-handers Club.

• The terms "left-handed" and "right-handed" apply not only to people, but also to animals.
• Yes, most cats are right-handed.
• But all polar bears - left-handers

Student survey

Questions to the subject

1. What hand do you write with?

right

any

2. With which hand do you throw a stone, a ball?

left

3. Which hand do you hold a racket for playing tennis, badminton?

4. Which hand do you cut paper with scissors?

5. With what hand do you insert the thread into the needle?

6. Which hand do you cut bread with?

7.Which hand do you brush?

8. Which hand do you hold the hammer with?

9. Which hand do you hold your toothbrush with?

10. Which hand do you unscrew the cap of the toothpaste tube?

Leading ear definition

Determining the dominant eye

• Leading eye left - in 4 people

• Leading ear left - in 4 people

• Leading eye right - in 23 students

• Leading ear right - 23 people

Based on the work I have done (a survey of a psychologist, testing among my classmates and a survey of school teachers) and having studied the scientific and fiction on this issue, I came to the conclusion that left-handedness cannot be considered a deviation in one direction or another. Left-handers are the same people as everyone else, only with a more developed right hemisphere. There are 4 left-handers in my class, which is 5%.

MAOU "Spasskaya secondary school"

Tomsk region

Subject: I'm left handed.

Completed by: Kazin Pavel

Student 3 "B" class

Leader: Kazina

Olga

Primary school teacher

Vershinino 2014

Content

1.Introduction………………………………………..3

2. Research methodology……………………….4

3.Research part………………………5

4. Results of the study……………………..10

5.List of used literature…………...12

6.Appendices……………………………………………13

Introduction.

Everyone tells me I'm left-handed! I actually do everything with my left hand. I wondered why am I not like most people? Why do some people feel more comfortable using their left hand? How many of us are lefties? Can left-handedness affect my academic success and my life in general? Do left-handers need to be retrained? And I decided to find answers to these questions.

Target: Find out why I'm left-handed and if it affects my performance in school.

Hypotheses:

1. Right-handedness is the result of training and tradition.

2. The leading hand of a person is determined by his brain.

3. Leftism affects school performance.

Tasks:

1. Conduct an experiment to determine the reliability of the first hypothesis.

2. Study scientific sources.

3.Assemble necessary information on this issue.

4. Conduct a study to identify left-handers among peers.

5. Conduct an analysis of progress in the primary grades.

Relevance of the topic. In general, the topic seemed to me very interesting and relevant not only for myself, since I am left-handed, but also for many other people. After all, almost everyone has at least one relative or acquaintance - left-handed! I wouldn't be surprised if some of you are left-handed yourself, although you may not even know it. In my work, I will explain why this is possible.

According to experts, more than 20% of people in the world are left-handed. At the same time, the causes of left-handedness are interesting.

In addition, there is a popular belief that it is mainly left-handed children who create problems in school. At present, the importance of reviewing this problem is based on the ever-increasing number of left-handed schoolchildren.

Venue and dates. " Spasskaya secondary school, 2013 - 2014

Research methodology.

There are special tests to detect lefties. See (Appendix 1). I conducted such a study among my relatives (mother, father, grandmother) and peers. The data were recorded in a table.

Table 1.

Test data.

Student's last name

Leading hand

Leading ear

Leading eye

leading leg

Result

Table 2.

Russian language.

Mathematics.

Reading.

The world.

Average score.

Absolute righties.

Absolute lefties.

Partial lefties

Research part.

Have you ever wondered why some people prefer the left hand? Why is it convenient for them? In trying to answer these questions, I put forward several hypotheses.

Hypothesis 1: Right-handedness is the result of training and tradition.

Maybe, little child it does not matter which hand to take objects with, and therefore he is taught to use his right hand by tradition. So maybe I was simply not taught how to work with the right hand?

But my mother says that from early childhood I strove to take a spoon in my left hand. Growing up, I took a pencil in my left hand. Mom tried to retrain me, but seeing my torment at the same time, and noticing that everything works out much better with my left hand, she gave up. And now I write with my left hand!

Of course, if my mother had continued to persist, I would have learned to write with my right hand. So why did I originally want to do everything with my left hand?

But my older brother, for example, he is 18 years old, he does everything with his right hand from birth. But no one taught him that.

Conclusion: A person is born already left-handed or right-handed.

Hence, this hypothesis was not confirmed.

Obviously, the reason lies in the human anatomy, or rather in the structure of his brain.

Hypothesis 2: the leading hand of a person is determined by his brain.

To confirm this hypothesis, I turned to scientific sources.

One of the mysteries of the human brain is its asymmetry: the right and left hemispheres of the brain, while externally similar, differ in structure and function.

Scientists have accumulated great amount facts and observations, but for only a few decades in science, different views have been replacing each other on which of the hemispheres of the brain is “main” - the left or the right.

Today it is believed that most people are right-handed, because the brain of most people functions in a certain direction. One half of the brain dominates the other half. The left hemisphere of the brain controls the functions of the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere of the brain controls the functions of the left side of the body. And in most people, the left hemisphere dominates, so the right half of their body is more skillful and better developed. In lefties, the brain works in the opposite direction. The right hemisphere of the brain is dominant, so the left half of the body works better.

Now, I understand that I am left-handed, since my right hemisphere of the brain is dominant.

What are the reasons for this? Why are my hemispheres “reversed roles”?

Perhaps this is the result of generic injury.

I turned to a specialist and found out that indeed, it often happens that left-handedness is a way for the child's brain to overcome some kind of birth trauma. For example, if the left hemisphere was affected at birth, then the right hemisphere takes over part of its functions, and the child becomes a “forced left-hander”.

I studied my honey. map.See (Appendix 4).It turned out that I did not have any birth injuries.

So this assumption does not apply to me.

So maybe left-handedness is inherited ?

It has been established that not the last role in the choice of the leading hand is played byheredity. The statistics speak for it.

C statistics.

If both parents are right-handed, the probability of having a child isleft-handers is 2%.

If one of the parents is left-handed, the probability rises to 17%.

If both parents are left-handed, a left-handed child will be born with a probability of 46%.

We will conduct a study on the presence of left-handers in my relatives.Mom says that she and dad are right-handed.

I'm watching my mom. She really does everything with her right hand. Dad, too, like,writes with the right. For reliability, I conducted several simple tests to determine the leading hand (I will talk about these tests a little later). Mum,indeed, right-handed. But, surprisingly, dad, who always considered himselfright-handed according to the test results, turned out to be - partial left-handed.

Moreover, great-grandmother was also left-handed

Knowing now my heredity, I come toconclusion :

I am left-handed, because my right hemisphere of the brain is dominant. This is the result of heredity.

Hypothesis 3: left-handedness affects school performance. In order to find out the reliability of this hypothesis, a study was conducted to identify left-handers among students and studied the performance of students in the main subjects.

From the scientific literature, I found out that any person has not only one "leading" hand, but also one "leading" eye, and the other - "subordinate", onethe ear perceives more and more actively, and the other, figuratively speaking, "on the sidelines."The same is true in the motor sphere: one leg is stronger, more active, takes a longer step andeven slightly longer than its "colleague". This explains, for example, the fact that a personlost in the forest, circles and returns to the same place where he started to go.

In general, the concept of left-handedness is not entirely correct, it would be more correct to say “left-handed”. And that's why. A left-handed hand can have a leading right leg, a right ear or an eye, for example. That is, left-handedness and right-handedness can beabsolute and partial. There are also ambidexters - people who have both hemispheres working equally well, they are equally good at using both hands, ears, eyes, i.e. paired organs. There are very few such people.

Absolute right-handers in the European population are approximately 42%.

Scientists who conducted research to identify "absolute" and "partial"left-handers, found that such people - about 62%. That is, more than half of healthyof people! And although different researchers have the percentage of left-handers and right-handersslightly different, it still turns out that left-handed people make up about halfthe general population.

There are special tests to detect lefties. And I conducted such a study among my classmates. You too can get tested. Perhaps the results will surprise you! See Appendix 1.

The test data were recorded in Table 1. See Appendix 2.

Test results .

AT primary school– 36 students.

Present at the time of the study - 25 students.

"Absolute right-handers" - 18 students.

"Partial left-handers" - 5 students.

"Absolute left-handers" - 2 students.

I am an absolute left-hander. I have a leading left hand, although I can do a lotdo with the right hand. For example, I comb my left and right hands alternately, soI brush my teeth with both hands. That is, I have well developed both hands, thanks to training. Indeed, in early childhood, my mother taught me to hold a spoon in my right hand. Also, I found out that my left eye, left ear and left leg are leading.

Now I know the left-handers and right-handers of our school.

I wonder if my academic success, and the success of my classmates, depends on whether a person is left-handed or right-handed. To answer this question, the class teacher and I conducted comparative analysis student achievement in core subjects. The quarterly grades of students were considered. At the same time, it was noted whether the student was right-handed or left-handed.

Let's take a look at what psychologists have to say about this.

Some psychologists point out:

Left-handers and right-handers differ from each other not only in what hand they write with. Atleft-handers are much more pronounced specifically - figurative qualities. They are moreimpressionable, excitable, prone to emotional outbursts. ExactlyThat's whythere are many left-handers among people of art. And here exact sciences, to which right-handers are prone, left-handers, as a rule,are given with difficulty.

They also note that left-handers have a hard time at school, they often confuseletters, they read poorly, they write slowly, they have poor underlining, and in general, it is believed that left-handed children often study poorly.

And here is what we got:

Having studied the performance of “absolute” right-handers, we found that all studentsappearvarious abilities, some have problems with mathematics, with the Russian language. a littlemore than half of them study for "4" and "5", some have "3".

Among the "partial" left-handers, a similar situation is children with a variety ofabilities, with varying performance in school.

But what about "absolute" left-handers? There are only 3 of us. One of us has academic success -good, the other - a little lower, and the third - excellent.

From this study, it turns out that the mental abilities of the student do not depend on whether he is left-handed or right-handed.I think performance is affectedmany other factors (help from parents, mentality of the child, etc.)

Of course, it is very difficult for left-handed children to get used to the right-handed world, because all things- from doorknobs, locks, cars, musical instruments to the buttons on our clothes - designed for right-handed people. But that doesn't mean at allthat lefties are doomed to fail. Moreover, seeing his mistakes, the left-hander stubbornly triesadapt to the "right-handed" world. This requires a lot of effort from him.what is formed in an ordinary child in a natural way, the left-hander must be mastered withbypass help. Wise nature prudently rewarded the little onesleft-handers with a huge fantasy and colossal self-control.

For example, I did have some trouble learning to read and write.I sometimes rearranged the letters in places (it is written: "he", I read: "but"). But now I have coped with this and, moreover, I want to argue with the established opinion that left-handersbad handwriting and they don't study well.

This is how I learn (grades for grade 3).

Mathematics - 5

Russian language - 4

Literary reading - 5

The world around - 5

German - 5

Physical culture - 5

Labor training - 5

Music - 5

ISO - 5

It is also believed that left-handers start talking late. I'm at 1.6years already recited little rhymes.My right-handed brother is now 18 years old, but my mother said that he spoke late. It seems to me that all this is very individual for each person. It does not depend on whether the person is right-handed or left-handed.

It should, of course, be noted that sometimes left-handed children really study poorly. But the reason for this is not left-handedness, but many other factors.

So, left-handedness is not a vice or a defect, but inin some sense even someadvantage. After all, most left-handed people use both hands equally well.

More than half of the population is left-handed and "partial" left-handed, and theyhave the same mental abilities and social achievements as right-handers.

Conclusion: Left-handedness cannot be the cause of any developmental or mental impairment. abilities.

" The most capable" among left-handed children,can detect high rates of mental development, mathematicalabilities, special achievements in architectural activity and to show extraordinary abilities in original artistic and musical creativity.

So is it worth retraining lefties?

Long time main reason pressure on lefties was anxiety for their socialadaptation in the world of right-handers. Many parents retrained their children because they were afraid that"leftism" will bring many problems to children. Left-handers got it from educators and fromschool teachers who strictly followed the instructions - to write to everyone only with the right hand, and to retrain left-handers. Until now, many adhere to this opinion. myThe teacher in kindergarten strongly recommended to my mother to retrain me.There were times that left-handed children were even tied their left hand to the body so that theylearned to use the right, since doing everything with the left hand was considered bad manners and almost ugly!

Fortunately, in recent years, publications in the periodical press about the harmfulnessretraining left-handers gave their results. Attitude towards left-handed people is essentialhas changed.

" The hand "cannot be changed at your own discretion! After all, any interference in the functioning of the brain, especially in early age, leads to unpredictable consequences that may not appear immediately, but after a few years. Often, left-handed children who have been stubbornly retrained develop neurotic reactions and neuroses.

Often, adult left-handers who have been brutally retrained do not know how to navigate the terrain, dance, etc.

Do not retrain, please, a left-handed child! After all, a person deprived of freedom cannot develop successfully!

Perhaps left-handedness is not a punishment, but a gift!

I present to your attention a list of brilliant left-handers. (Appendix 5.)Many of them wrote with their left hand, and mirrored, and achieved a lot ... Who knows, maybethis is the merit of those who were next to them and did not interfere with them!

Pay attention also to interesting facts and curious faets in (Appendix 6).

For example, using the skills of complex mirror writing, Leonardo da Vinciencrypted for several centuries technical inventions. Simultaneously workingleft and right hand, he drew with one, and wrote over the drawing with the other.

Findings.

1. I am left-handed because the right hemisphere of my brain predominates over the left, and it is responsible for the left side of my body. This is the result of heredity.

2. Left-handedness cannot be the cause of the decline mental capacity, unless, only, the left-hander is not retrained.

Unfortunately,some questions about left-handedness do not yet have a clear and unambiguousresponse. Therefore, I will continue to conduct my work, I will follow newdiscoveries in this area.

In conclusion, I want to add: The world would not be interesting if everyone werethe same. For example, all fair-haired and blue-eyed, all very beautiful and verysmart.If it were so, then there would be neither the smartest, nor the most beautiful, nor the mostfavorite, and all - just the same. Therefore, every person has the right toexistence - and red-haired, and black-eyed, and left-handed.Made us that waynature. We are different and that's great! And we had a lot to talk about today!

Every left-handed person is special. However, like any right-handed.

Bibliography:

1. Airapetyants V.A. Left-handed child //Education and education of children withdevelopmental disorders. - 2003 - No. 3.

2. Vartanyan G.A., Klementiev B.I. Chemical symmetry and asymmetry of the brainbrain. M: Medicine, 1991

"Wikipedia". Free Encyclopedia.Wikipendia. ha.

Efremov K. Left - right brain // Knowledge is power. - 2002 - No. 8.

5. Markina N. The brain of right-handers and left-handers - What is the difference? "Science and Life" - 2001 -№6.

Don't overdo the lefty. No. 8, 2002 / Science and Life magazine.

Website about the problems of left-handers,w. w. w. lefthand. en.

8. Shokhor - Troitskaya M. Do not retrain the left-hander! // Science and life. - 2002 - No. 8.

9. Shokhor - Troitskaya M. Tips of a speech therapist. - M .: Institute of General Humanitarianresearch, 2001

Yu.Yudin N. On the phenomenon of left-handedness. / U Education of schoolchildren. - 2002 - No. 10

List of applications.

1. Tests for determining left-handedness.

2. Table 1. "Test data"

3. Table 2. "Student achievement"

4.Medical card.

5. List of brilliant left-handers.

6. Interesting Facts, curious facts.

Appendix 1.

Tests to determine the leading hand.

"Pose of Napoleon" - crossing arms. For right-handers, the right hand is on top of the leftforearm, and the left hand - under the right forearm, for lefties - on top of the left handhands, and under the left forearm - right.

Applause test. When applauding, she is more active and more mobilethe dominant hand making shock movements against the palm of the non-dominant hand.

Need to watch Which hand does the subject use most when writing?combing, washing dishes, which hand holds the brush, etc.

Tests to determine the leading eye.

Hole card test »: a hole is cut in the center of a sheet of thick paper;holding this card at a distance of 30-40 cm, the subject fixes an object through the hole,located 2-3 m from it; when the leading eye is closed, the object moves.

The spyglass test usually carried out by the leadereye.

Tests to determine the leading ear.

Whisper test. The experimenter says something to the subject in a whisper. Atequal hearing acuity, the subject substitutes the leading ear to the speaker, i.e., the ear that is heard by which is easier, is more quickly realized.

Clock tick test. The subject is asked to rate the volume of the tickinghours. At the same time, it is noted to which ear he brings the watch for the first time toear.

Putting the handset to your ear. Usually applied to the leaderear.

Tests to determine the leading foot.

Look, with which foot the subject kicks the ball, with which foot he starts walking andetc. This leg will be leading.

Crossing the legs - leading foot on top.

Appendix 2

Table 1.

Test data.

Student's last name

Leading hand

Leading ear

Leading eye

leading leg

Result

Kuznetsov

Lefty

Anikina

right-handed

Tikhonravova

Partial

Shushkov

right-handed

Goncharik

L - P

Partial

Vershinin

Partial

Vershinin

Lefty

Khrapov

P

P

P

right-handed

Noskov

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Egotintsev

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Demchenko

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Kichigin

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Boltovskaya

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Kretov

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Golovarchuk

P

P

P

P

Right-handed.

Cheshuina

P

P

L

P

Partial

oldbug

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Novozhilov

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Tkachenko A

P

L

P

P

Partial

Tkachenko

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Murzintsev

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Noskov P

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Chernysheva

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Trunov

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Kazin

L

L

L

L

Lefty

Nikulin

P

P

P

P

right-handed

Appendix 3

Table 2.

Student achievement in core subjects.

Absolute righties.

Russian language.

Mathematics.

Reading.

The world.

Average score.

Anikina

Khrapov

Noskov

Shushkov

Egotintsev

Demchenko

Kichigin

Boltovskaya

Kretov

Golovarchuk

oldbug

Novozhilov

Tkachenko

Murzintsev

Noskov

Chernysheva

Trunov

Nikulin

4

5

3

3

4

5

4

4

4

5

4

3

3

4

4

4

4

3

3

5

3

4

4

5

4

3

4

5

4

3

3

5

5

4

5

4

5

5

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

3

3

5

5

4

3

3

4

5

4

4

4

5

5

4

5

5

5

3

3

5

4

4

4

4

4

5

3,5

4,5

4

5

4,5

4

4,5

5

4,5

3

3

4,5

4,5

4

4,5

3,5

Absolute lefties.

Kazin

Kuznetsov

Vershinin

4

-

3

5

-

3

5

-

4

5

-

4

5

-

3,5

Partial lefties .

Cheshuina

Tkachenko

Tikhonravova

Goncharik

Vershinin

3

3

4

3

4

3

3

4

3

4

3

3

5

4

4

3

3

4

4

4

3

3

4,25

3,5

4

Appendix 5

List of brilliant left-handers.

Painters: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Pablo Picasso, Wassily Kandinsky.

Musicians Cast: Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Paul Macartney, Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain, Noel Gallagher, Phil Collins, George Michael, Robert Plant, Ringo Star, Ricky Martin, David Bowie.

Scientists People: Ivan Pavlov, Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Jules - Henri Poincaré, Zhores Alferov, Svyatoslav Medvedev.

Writers Cast: Mark Twain, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Nikolai Leskov, Vladimir Dal, Leo Tolstoy, Lewis Carroll.

generals People: Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Napoleon, Joan of Arc, Charlemagne.

presidents Cast: Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton.

actors Cast: Charlie Chaplin, Marilyn Monroe, Julia Roberts, Viktor Sukhorukov, Milla Jovovich, David Duchovny, Woody Allen.

chess player — Gary Kasparov.

Appendix 6

Interesting Facts.

All polar bears are left-handed.

Astronaut Neil Armstrong took his famous "small step of one man - and a huge step of all mankind" to the moon with his left foot.

All candidates in the 1992 US presidential election were left-handed: Bill Clinton, Ross Parot, and George W. Bush.

Lefties are more often born in the second half of the year.

4 out of 5 developersMacintoshand were left-handed.

Stuttering is more common in lefties.

Lefties see better underwater than righties.

There are 3.5% left-handers in Moscow, 7% in Central Russia, and 34% in Taimyr.

The first left-handed US president, James Garfield, was also ambidexterous: he could write Latin with one hand and Greek with the other.

Left-handed Leonardo da Vinci kept all his notes from right to left, so that they could only be read by holding them up to a mirror.

Thanks to ancient tools, scientists have proved that left-handers existed 1.4 million years ago.

Curious facts.

Almost 90% of people on the planet are right-handed, and only 3-5% have a "leading hand" - the left. The rest are ambidexters.

The number of left-handers is decreasing all the time. In the Stone Age they were 50%, in the Bronze Age - 25%, and now - only 5%. About 2,500 left-handers die each year in accidents involving the use of right-handed items.

At different times, left-handedness was seen as bad habit or even as a sign of the devil, then as a sign of a neurosis or a rebellious character. Later, it came to be seen as a sign of creative and musical ability.

In Japan, until the 20th century, a wife's left-handedness was considered sufficient grounds for divorce.

Right-handers live an average of 9 years longer than left-handers.

Left-handers use their right hand much more often than right-handers use their left.

The probability of having a left-handed child, if both parents are right-handed, is only 2%. If one of the parents is left-handed, the probability rises to 17%, both left-handed parents have left-handed children in 46% of cases.

Lefties are most common among identical twins.

Left-handed children are usually much more stubborn than their right-handed peers, and their period of stubbornness is of a protracted nature.

Many left-handers have good musical ability and perfect pitch.

Often, left-handed children begin to speak later than their peers and have difficulty pronouncing certain sounds.

Lefties often choose the professions of artists, artists, writers, they are especially valued in boxing, fencing and swimming.

40% of the gold medals in boxing are left-handed. A left-handed boxer has an advantage when hitting the liver, but loses the advantage of a right-handed boxer when hitting the heart.

Left-handers are more often men than women.

Subject : I'm left-handed!

Our planet is huge. a lot on her amazing and beautiful. But most of all I am surprised by the person living on it. He lives for millions of years on earth, and still conceals a lot of the unknown and mysterious. One of the mysteries is left-handedness. The topic of left-handedness is very important and interesting for me, because i am left handed. Already at 8 months, my parents noticed that I I take objects with my left hand. I want to know why I'm not like everyone else? Therefore, the topic of research is extremely important for me.

The purpose of my work:

Prove that left-handedness is not a human flaw

Practical significance research

is that the relevant literature on the problem will be studied, conclusions drawn and recommendations given to attentive teachers and parents.

Research hypothesis:

Perhaps my parents made a mistake by not teaching me to write with my right hand?

Research objectives:

Why do people use the left and not the right hand?

What are the functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain?

What is the difference between the functioning of the brain in left-handed people and right-handed people?

How to teach such children?

Find out if there are objects, things for left-handed people?

Research methods:

Analysis of sources of information on the problem under study.

observation. Object of observation: students of the municipal educational institution Abatskaya secondary school No. 1

Testing students in grades 4, 1, children from kindergarten - a way to determine the leading hand.

Processing and analysis of the obtained data.

Throughout the development of mankind, people who differ from the majority in some individual characteristics, for example, left-handers, have aroused interest and surprise. However, the attitude towards left-handers was not the same in different countries ah and at different times, but, as a rule, had a touch of alertness and negativism.
In many languages, there is a negative attitude towards everything left, not excluding left-handers.
The Russian language also provides many examples of this kind. "Left product" - a product sold illegally, or a counterfeit, counterfeit product. Similarly, one can consider the meaning of the phrases "left income", "left money", "left way", etc. A similar coloring of the word "left" is also found in expressions that are not related to finance: "as the left "," stand on the left foot ", etc.
In English, the word "left-handed" has the additional meanings "clumsy", "hypocritical", "sinister", "illegal". Similar connections can be traced in French, Italian, Spanish, German.
Given the connection between language and consciousness, one should hardly be surprised at the negative stereotypical perception of left-handers by the "right-handed" majority.
Fortunately, in our time, on the whole planet, the attitude towards various manifestations of individuality is changing. Now the phenomenon of left-handedness is being studied a lot, the results of this work make it possible to change the stereotypical perception of left-handers and even gradually develop methods for teaching them.

Why do lefties appear?

Scientists put forward the following hypothesis: in ancient times, people used their left and right hands equally. Everything changed when the man began to speak. The work of the brain is the reason why a person becomes left-handed or right-handed. It is known that the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body, and the right - the left. Human speech is connected with the work of the left hemisphere, therefore, the more the ability to speak developed in a person, the more significant the role played by speech in his life, the more the left hemisphere of his brain developed and became influential, and, accordingly, the right part of the body controlled by him. The right hemisphere gradually lagged behind the left in its development. This is why left-handers are often slower at speaking and reading, although they also have a number of advantages.
Slide 7

It would seem that the organization of brain activity in left-handers should be the same as in right-handers, but in mirror reflection. But that's not the case at all! The left-hander is arranged and develops according to completely different laws.

In right-handers, the right and left hemispheres of the brain have their own functions and are in constant interaction. Information from the outside comes first to the right hemisphere, where it is recognized, “receives an image”, and then to the left, where it is concretized and named. The right hemisphere (in right-handers) is predominantly responsible for evaluating spatial relationships, imagination, holistic perception, evaluating rhythms, and simultaneously perceiving multiple stimuli.

The left hemisphere specializes in evaluating temporal relationships, concretizing verbal expressions, numbers, analytical sequential perception, abstract and generalized thinking. The right cerebral hemisphere is associated mainly with the sensitive sphere, and the left one is associated with the motor and speech sphere. The right hemisphere is responsible for the work of the left half of the body, and the left hemisphere is responsible for the work of the right half of the body. In most people, the "logical", left hemisphere dominates, and the energy, subcortical structures play an organizing role. Within the hemispheres, the components of mental functions are also quite clearly localized, for example, that the parietal zone of the left and right hemispheres is responsible for the spatial representations and spatial organization of mental functions, and the temporal region of the left hemisphere is responsible for the understanding of inverted speech.

In a left-handed person, both hemispheres, as a rule, are more autonomous in their work, interhemispheric interactions are formed much later than in a right-handed person. In everyday life, this manifests itself as follows: the child often does not hear the question addressed to him, often cannot explain the meaning of the word addressed to him. Often the "left-handed" draws the wrong conclusions from the read story or interprets it outside the box life situation.

If a left-handed child does not receive proper upbringing and development, he remains an “eternal child” in terms of his brain organization. Perhaps this is the reason for non-standard actions, naive judgments, and the life incapacity of some left-handed people? Plus, the left-handed person is dominated by the right, figurative, hemisphere. From here - rich imagination, fantasies and fears.

Causes of left-handedness

One of the most important issues that determine the approach to left-handers is the question of the causes of left-handedness. They may be different.
The most common so-called genetic leftism. Genetic left-handers may not have any developmental disorders, then it is considered simply an individual originality, a variant of normal development.
The second kind is compensatory"Leftness associated with any damage to the brain, more often its left hemisphere. In the event of any injury, illness at an early stage of a child's development, the right hemisphere can take over the corresponding functions. Thus, the left hand becomes the leading one, that is more active when performing household activities, and subsequently, most often when writing.

The third kind is forced Left-handedness. The choice of the leading hand in such left-handers is usually associated with an injury to the right hand, but may also be the result of imitation of relatives or friends.
Separately, it should be considered pseudo-left-handedness. By a certain age (finally, by about 5 years), in a child, one of the hemispheres is formed as dominant in relation to this hand (for example, in right-handed people, the left hemisphere). But such a feature of the brain as prenatal leads to atypia of mental development, which, in turn, does not allow the formation of either hemispheric interaction or specialization of the hemispheres. Thus, the dominance of the right or left hemispheres in relation to the hand is not formed in children. Then pseudo-left-handedness is observed, or, which is more common, approximately equal use of both hands. Often, after several sessions under the guidance of psychologists, the child begins to write and draw with his right hand without any coercion.
In addition to all of the above, it is possible for children to develop the so-called " hidden leftism", i.e., a change in the dominant hemisphere. The moment of change is that critical period when the main functions of the central nervous system evenly distributed between the two hemispheres, after which the right hemisphere already begins to dominate. Such people can be conditionally called "mental" left-handers or "hidden" left-handers, in the sense that their signs of left-handedness are not associated with the dominance of the left hand.
Scientists believe that the category of "left-handed children" is not at all homogeneous, such children have individual characteristics, and the phenomenon of left-handedness needs to be studied.

Currently, there are several views on the natural abilities of left-handers compared to right-handers.
The first is based on the fact that indicators of behavior and neuropsychic activity in left-handers are worse than in right-handers.

The second approach affirms the equality of abilities of right-handers and left-handers.
According to the third approach, left-handers have higher rates of neuropsychic activity and greater adaptive capabilities than right-handers. This is justified by the fact that the left-hander constantly has to adapt to the "right-handed" world.

One of the next tasks of my research, which arose already in the course of work, is to determine the possible reasons for the decrease in the number of left-handed children by the school period through observation of children.

There are children who persistently use only the left or only the right hand when performing activities such as eating, playing, gesticulating. Other children are easily influenced, and, after a little confusion, can, imitating others, change the dominant hand. In this case, non-violent relearning takes place. Adults, without focusing on the personality of the child, tell the children: “Guys, take the spoon (pen, pencil) correctly” (while showing how to do it). A child, as a rule, imitates adults or peers. In such children, latent left-handedness is formed, which manifests itself only in exceptional cases (with excitement). In a normal situation, such children do not differ in behavior from right-handers. Apparently, this explains the phenomenon of a right-hander who does not know that he is left-handed from birth. I studied the family photo archive and found a lot of evidence that in early childhood I preferred the left hand (active actions and gesticulation with the left hand, the primacy of the left hand). And children with persistent left-handedness do not react to the example of others, they are capricious if they try to change the leading hand. These are persistent left-handers, who, as statistics show, are about 10%.

Leading hand definition

In addition, after testing among 5 children (the age of formation of a persistent preference for one or another hand) to determine the dominant hand according to the method of M.N. Knyazeva - V.Yu. Vildavsky, I got the following result: according to the test results in senior group kindergarten, from 40 to 50% of children completed the tasks of the test with their left hand. That is, among children there is a hidden left-handedness.

When testing in grade 1, the results showed that the number of children completing tasks has decreased. This is visible in the diagram.

Among my classmates, I also conducted a test to determine the leading hand in the activity. After processing the questionnaire data, I got the following results: 40% (8 people) of my classmates are ambidexters, that is, in everyday life they often use both hands as the leading one, 30% (6 people) use the left hand as the leading hand more often than the right . Whereas in the class there are only 2 students who are left-handed. This speaks of hidden left-handedness. One student of our class performed all the tasks of the test only with his left hand. He said that before school he did everything with his left hand. In the first grade, he began to write with his left hand, and then began to write with his right. He came to us in 3rd grade.

Comparing my letter and his, I came to the conclusion: I write well.

Perhaps, thanks to my relatives, who noticed my left-handedness in time and did not retrain me.

Although, as my teacher admitted, it was very difficult to teach me to write. And she told me that the problem of retraining in 1985 was solved. Now absolutely every teacher is firmly convinced of the dangers of retraining left-handed people, since there is a lot of evidence that forced retraining and a negative attitude towards left-handedness leads to neuropsychiatric disorders, adversely affects the health, development and school success of children. Doctors have calculated that every third child who stutters is an overtrained left-hander.

Therefore, on the basis of the above facts, we can conclude that children with implicitly identified left-handedness in some cases adapt to right-handedness. environment, which reduces the percentage of left-handers to school age, since a strong preference for the hand is formed by the age of 5 (pre-school period).

How does a left-handed person live in a right-handed world?

In our village, not a single store sells items for left-handed children.

If possible, I advise everyone who has such children to purchase special stationery for left-handers. In this case, your baby will not have to go to various tricks to adapt right-handed things to his left hand.

H for example, a ballpoint pen with special grooves for proper finger placement and quick-drying ink will make writing with your left hand very comfortable and convenient.

Left-handed scissors, thanks to inverted blades, easily cut paper when working with the left hand, unlike conventional right-handed scissors, which, when used by left-handers, only bend and crumple it.

L a right-to-left ruler with a scale marking solves the problems that arise due to the uncomfortable movement of the hand from left to right, in which the scale of the ruler is closed by hand and the drawn line is smeared.

AT sharpener for left-handers, the blade is turned the other way.

If a child from the start schooling will use special school supplies, then, most likely, he will not feel discomfort.

Even, it turns out, there are special recipes for left-handed children, which differ from the usual ones in that all samples are written on the right side in relation to the student to expand the visual zone. The writing of letters in them is accompanied by auxiliary signs - dots (where to start the letter) and arrows (the direction of the letter). Too bad I found out about this too late!

I learned from the INTERNET that a whole specific industry has been formed in the West, making the life of the “left minority” more comfortable and safer. For him, scissors and corkscrews are produced, acting “on the contrary”, rulers with a scale located in the other direction, special computer “mice”, surgical supplies, sports goods and even musical instruments.

In England, where, unlike Russia, the attitude towards left-handers has always been more attentive, there are only four specialized stationary stores for this category of buyers, so in Russia there are even fewer of them, moreover, in our country, most left-handers are passive as buyers.

Here are some online stores where you can buy left-handed products:

http://www.lefthandwriting.ru/stationery for left-handers, pens, pencils, rulers, erasers, etc.

http://www.levo.labms.ru/goods for left-handers, knives, corkscrews, copybooks, sets for schoolchildren

http://www.lefthandshop.ru/shop for left-handers

Most of humanity is right-handed. There are much fewer left-handers, according to researchers from different countries from 5 to 30%. It is noted that there are pronounced left-handers or right-handers, there are those who are most active with one or another hand, and there are ambidexters - people who are equally good at both limbs.

According to my research in our school, out of 406 students, there are only 21 children who write with their left hand. Of these, 16 people are engaged in "4" and "5". Therefore, we can conclude that left-handedness does not affect the quality of education.

Studying the literature on this issue, I was convinced that left-handers show higher creative abilities. Among left-handed people there is a clear confirmation of this:

commanders Alexander the Great, Napoleon, scientist I. P. Pavlov, artists Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, writer Lewis Carroll, actor Charlie Chaplin, finally, US President W. Clinton and many others.

As a result of my work on the project, I came to the following conclusions:

Left-handedness is an individual version of the norm. A tendency to act with one hand or another cannot be considered a deviation in development.

The most common causes of left-handedness are heredity and developmental pathology.

The preference for the dominant hand is finally determined by 5 years.

The factor of retraining the left-hander leads to the emergence of school neuroses.

The number of left-handed people decreases with age, as the aggressiveness of the right-handed environment forces the left-handers to adapt (non-violent relearning).

The implementation of an individual approach to the peculiarities of perception of the world of a left-handed child will reduce the problems of adaptation of a left-hander in a predominantly right-handed world.

My parents were right not to teach me how to write with my right hand!

I study at “5”, I read more than 180 words per minute, attend a dance club, a music school, participate in school competitions and win prizes.

The Earth has existed for millions of years. Much is changing on it: civilizations disappear and are reborn, humanity is on the path of progress - everything in it has become completely different. But still there is something imperishable, eternal, which was and will always be. People will always be born, live and die; and they will always go along the thorny path to their perfection, each time resolving the eternal problems of life, overcoming obstacles, suffering disasters and yet conquering big and small peaks.

The topic of my left-handedness also opened up for me, a lot of things became clear to me, I began to relate to myself in a completely different way.

List of used literature:

Semenovich A.V. "Those incredible left-handers." – M.; Genesis, 2007.

Deutsch G. "Left brain, right brain" - M .: Mir, 1987.

Airapetyants V.A. Left-handedness in children and adolescents. – M.: Nauka, 1987.

Bezrukikh M.M. "The left-handed child at school and at home". - St. Petersburg: U-Factoria, 2004.

Dobrokhotova T.A., Bragina N.N. Lefty. - M .: Book, 1994.

Makariev I. If your child is left-handed. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1995

Friday T.V. "Left-handedness as a norm of development" - M .: Aversef, 2007.

Appendix 1

Test for the definition of "handiness"

Pay attention to which hand the child holds a pen or pencil.

Sitting put one foot on the other. Which leg will be on top?

Interlace your fingers into a lock. If the finger of the right hand is on top - a sign of a right-hander, a left-hand sign of a left-hander.

Invite the child to clap their hands so that one hand is on top.

Cross your arms over your chest. Which arm's forearm will be on top?

Look into the paper tube with one eye. What eye will it be?

Brush hair. Which hand will the comb be in?

Appendix 2

Tips for parents

If the child is left-handed

"Shell curls with rare exceptions

folded from right to left. And if it comes across

a left-handed sink, connoisseurs value it worth its weight in gold."

Jules Bern

In the list of the most famous, although not always reliable, facts about left-handers, there are the following:

Lefties make up 20% of all talented people

They are more common among men than among women.

It is difficult to fence with lefties (boxing, playing tennis), while 40% of the gold medals in boxing were won by lefties

They often have speech disorders

The use of the left or right hand as a leader (the so-called "hand") is a reflection brain organization of human mental activity. It cannot be changed at one's discretion, since any intervention, especially at an early age, leads to unpredictable consequences, which, whatespecially dangerous, they may not appear immediately, but after a few years.

Advice 2. It is better to teach a left-hander to compare himself with himself.

Advice 3. Parents of a little left-hander need to make sure every time that a left-handed student has really learned new material(or found his own way of assimilation).

Tip 4. To teach a left-handed child to use a spoon, a needle, scissors, a brush, tie shoelaces, fasten buttons, etc., take his hands in yours and repeat the desired movement with him several times. Your task is to literally force the child's body to remember this or that operation, the relative position in each case of the fingers of his hands, feet, torso, head.

Advice 5. Give the lefty time to get to work, do not rush him if he cannot do several things at once.

Tip 6 During morning exercises, offer exercises that would involve both arms or legs (for example, imitation crawl swimming). Each exercise must be pre-worked on the individual components of the movements. Remember that fresh air and (physical exercise) are necessary for the full mental activity of the child.

Advice 7 Swimming is generally very useful, and for left-handed people with their coordination problems - especially. But if there is no pool nearby and sports hall, - not scary. Even such low-cost types of exercises as oculomotor exercises help (following a moving object with your eyes or independently - left, right, up, down, etc.). As they are mastered, they can be performed in combination with the movements of the muscles of the tongue: first, the tongue and eyes move in the same direction, then in the opposite direction.

Advice 8 To overcome speech difficulties with a child, you need to talk more, teaching him to independently select the right words, without "well, it's like him, it's understandable!". Textbook games such as "Cities", etc. are very useful.

Tip 9 Be aware of all his school assignments, carefully monitor their execution. When checking homework, avoid negative marks. Praise for everything, reward with useful things for following the schedule: a book, a ticket to the theater, an educational game.

Tip 10 Give your child a room or part of it that will become his own territory. It is important that the desktop is placed so that the child sees a smooth wall in front of him, so that nothing distracts him. Simplicity, calm color and order will help him concentrate on his studies.

Tip 11 Organize in the non-working part of his habitat everything that is necessary for (fantasy and creativity, let the child express himself: if he draws well, put up a children's easel or hang a piece of drawing paper, if he writes poetry, get a special notebook for them. Seriously discuss his work with the child .Regularly inquire
his success in school. G

Tip 12 Start with self-discipline. Communication and living with unassembled people for a left-hander is unacceptable. Try to be consistent - if the older generation allows slack, the younger one stops working!

Appendix 3

I would like to draw the attention of teachers to the recommendations of A. Soboleva, since I cannot yet give advice to teachers.

Alexandra SOBOLEVA www.children-psy.ru Lefties are special kids... Give him some personal time: Love lefties. Bring as much trust and warmth as possible into your relationship with him, but do not be familiar. Keep your distance. Be not a friend to him, but a teacher - a person who is entrusted with the organization of training and control over it. Don't rush the lefty. If he does not have time to do tasks with everyone else, try giving him individual tasks on a card. Try to make sure that he does not demonstrate his insolvency in front of children - for example, he does not read aloud if he is bad at it. Beware of harsh statements addressed to him. Praise the lefty for everything he does. With praise, these children literally blossom. A left-hander will easily master the material if you ask him to “think it out” himself: for example, come up with an ending to the story, and then tell how the plot developed with the author. By the way, other kids will love it too. The left-hander assimilates everything that he touched with his hands, sniffed, sketched. Tell your parents about this, allow him to draw something related to the topic of your explanation on a separate piece of paper when you tell orally. Refrain from emotional notes in school notebooks or diaries with a pen with a thick pressure. Once again I want to emphasize that a left-handed child needs an individual approach. Therefore, although the tasks below can be used in the classroom, they are mainly designed for additional work of parents or a psychologist. Jobs that lefties will love Reading Sometimes it can be difficult for children to master reading, because in their minds there is no clearly established image of a letter. It is easy to eliminate this problem if you draw letters, little men that look like letters on the sand, snow, sculpt letters and words from clay or salt dough, lay out twigs, and so on. “Draw” the letters, and then the words in the air, on the back of the child, on his arm - let him guess them, and also set the same tasks for you - because he also wants to be a teacher! When reading aloud to him, ask: “Do you imagine all this?” - because those guys who have not yet formed imaginative thinking do not want to learn to read. Due to poor reading, the child often does not have time to learn the content of the works required by the program. Offer your "martyr" another way to study the subject. Today, a huge number of audio cassettes with recordings of classical works are sold. Turning on the cassette to the child before going to bed, you will help him learn the content of the work more efficiently. It is much easier to read the text, knowing the intonations and characters of the characters. In addition, perceiving the text by ear, the child develops auditory perception. Thus, he will not only passively study the given book, but also love reading. You can show your child a film based on a literary work. True, the plot of the film can be very far from the original source, so it is advisable for an adult to know the content in order to correct the development of events and the behavior of the characters in time. Many literary works show life as it really is. Draw analogies between life and an episode from a book - and the young reader will understand that literature is not an abstract fiction, but a very useful thing in life. A child who, standing on the seashore, hears Lermontov's poem "Sail", will not be able to remain indifferent to poetry. Speech development One of the disadvantages of the left-hander is the ignorance of low-frequency words, that is, those words that are not so often used. A mushroom cap, a teapot spout, a tree crown, a chair back - some of these words are completely unknown. In professional language, this is called poverty of speech. Ignorance of many words or their meanings leads to the fact that the child is not able not only to beautifully, but also clearly, understandably express his own thoughts. Sometimes his speech becomes a mystery even for parents, especially when children try to retell their favorite movie or tell about what happened on the street during the game. Because of this - unsatisfactory marks for retellings, presentations and essays. The poverty of speech can cause a negative attitude towards the lesson of literature and reading as a process. Indeed, while reading, the student does not understand the meaning of most of the words, which means that the meaning of the entire text remains incomprehensible to him. You can learn low-frequency words on a walk. Enjoying the fresh air, with the help of your explanations, the child will quickly understand the difference between a crown and branches, better recognize forest animals and birds, their body structure, and learn vocabulary related to natural phenomena. Known to us since childhood word game(taking turns calling new words starting with the last letter of the previous word) will help the child remember the spelling of many words and expand his vocabulary. The game "Gallows", or "Balda", is extremely useful for students who skip letters in a word. The rules of the game are as follows: one guesses a word, indicating what area it is from (fruit, transport, furniture), and denoting its first and last letters, and their total number is replaced by dashes. For example, the word orange will look like this: A - - - - - - N. The other calls any letters, trying to guess the missing ones. A correctly named letter falls into place, and an incorrectly named one turns either into part of the gallows or into the letters of the word bulldozer. The game ends if the word is guessed, and also if the gallows is built or the word is composed bulldozer. Dictionary words can also be memorized with the help of funny drawings, drawing problematic letters in them. For example, cow you can draw with huge eyes in the form of letters about , a coat may have a style in the form of the same a , in the spelling of which most often they are mistaken. To work out the spelling of prefixes or unstressed vowels, come up with funny stories together - fairy tales that reflect hard rule. For example, writing some words with prefixes pre- and pre- will help to remember such a “composing”: once upon a time At thought. She loved very much at think of all kinds of outfits. Once at she thought she dressed herself. At yardstick is ugly. At villages At thought, at thought. Decided at sew lace to the dress. At sewed and went to show her friend Pre. « Pre flattering, pre sunrise! - admired Pre. At thought at jumped in place at stamped, at clapped, at clung to her friend and said that next time she at thinking something special pre red Pre. « Pre Thank you very much,” she replied. Whole animal game. It is advisable to play in a company of 3-4 people. The host gives the task: we describe elephant. Each child should name one sentence at a time. Masha. It's gray. Kolya. He has a trunk. Petya. It is very big. Masha. He has thick wrinkled skin. Kolya. He has small eyes. Petya. His legs are like poles. Masha. He lives in Africa, etc. The one who cannot name the next sentence loses. Next, the facilitator supplements and corrects the information of the children and invites one of them to retell the description in full. Homework - write down a story and draw an animal.

Municipal state educational institution

Novosibirsk region Novosibirsk region

"Gusinobrodskaya Basic School No. 18"

Research

on the topic: “Reasons for the development of left-handedness. Is it worth retraining a left-hander?

Completed by: 8th grade student

Vartanyan Valentina

Supervisor:

Makidonskaya T.A.

Biology teacher v.k.k.

Introduction 3

1 Left-handedness among people 5

Definition of left-handedness 5

Data on the causes of the development of left-handedness in science 7

positive and negative sides in the life of a lefty 9

1.4 Retraining left-handers as it was, consequences 11

2 Case Studies 14

2.1 Identification of left-handers among students of school No. 18 14

2.2 Comparative analysis of the performance of the same type of work between left-handed and right-handed 15

2.3 Family tree of the left-handed family 16

3 Left-handedness is not a pathology 17

3.1 Results of the study 17

Conclusion 19

References 20

Apps 21

INTRODUCTION

Different people live in the world. Left-handed people have always aroused special interest and a certain wary attitude of others, aroused surprise and curiosity. In the Middle Ages, people who did everything with their left hand were burned at the stake. AT modern world they tried to forcefully treat them. And yet, every year there are more and more left-handers. If statistics are to be believed, there are twice as many births today as there were 24 years ago. And according to scientists, by 2020 their number on Earth will exceed one billion.

The relevance of the topic - in society there is an ambiguous attitude towards left-handedness, some consider it a serious shortcoming, others - a manifestation of genius. The existence of such extreme points of view testifies to the little knowledge of this phenomenon. The number of left-handed newborns began to increase, and what the parents of a left-handed child should do, retrain or not, we will study in the course of work.

Left-handedness is a feature that is clearly visible to others.

August 13 is International Left-Handed Day. Where does "left-handedness" come from? What to do: be upset or rejoice if you or your child is left-handed? What is the peculiarity of people in whom the left hand dominates? Is left-handedness a "gift of fate" or a "punishment"? What needs to be done to adapt to the right-handed world as much as possible?

The purpose of the work is to identify the reasons for the development of left-handedness, the positive and negative aspects for left-handed people, to find the answer to the question: is it worth retraining a left-handed person? Give advice to parents of left-handed children.

1. Define left-handedness, study the data on the causes of the development of left-handedness in science, analyze the positive and negative aspects in the life of a left-handed person, study the consequences of retraining left-handed people.

2. Identify left-handers among the students of school No. 18, perform a comparative analysis, compile family tree lefty families.

3. Show the results of the study of the work performed, answer the question: “Is it worth retraining a left-hander?”, Give recommendations to parents of left-handed children.

The object of study is the human population

The subject of the study is left-handedness among people.

Research methods:

The study of the theoretical part;

Comparative analysis;

Questioning;

Drawing up a family tree

Practical significance: this work will introduce you to the characteristics of left-handed people, will allow you to find out the reasons for the development of left-handedness, as well as answer the question “Is it worth retraining left-handed people?”, Give recommendations to parents of left-handed children.

1 Left-handedness among people

1.1 Definition of left-handedness

“In nature, movement goes from right to left.

All luminaries and their satellites describe circular paths from east to west.

In humans, the right hand is better developed than the left ...

The volutes of the shell, with rare exceptions, are turned from right to left.

And if a left-handed shell comes across, connoisseurs value it worth its weight in gold.”

Jules Verne

The hand is "the most multifunctional organ of motor activity". There are many designations for the asymmetry of the hands, the most common designations are: right-handed, left-handed, ambidexter.

Left-handedness is not a pathology and not a lack of development. Left-handedness is a very important individual feature of a person. Scientists have put forward a hypothesis that in ancient times humanity was overwhelmingly left-handed. The predominance of the right hand appeared later, as a result of evolution. The left hand has great potential. It is more resistant to static loads, more accurately determines the shape of objects by touch, and reaches the specified force faster.

Lefty - A person who prefers to use the left hand instead of the right. Left-handedness - congenital or forced use of the left hand. Such individual characteristics depend on the dominance of one or another hemisphere of the brain.

And here it is appropriate to recall the name of the French doctor Paul Broca, who drew attention to the fact that paralysis of the right hand is very often accompanied by impaired speech, and with paralysis of the left limb, speech usually does not suffer.

What is the division of functions between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Responsibility for different types activities are divided among them. Moreover, one of the hemispheres is dominant, and the other is subdominant, i.e. subordinates. In this case, a cross process occurs: the right half of the human body is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain and vice versa. Thus, in right-handers, the left side of the brain dominates in the body, and in left-handers, the right side.

The right hemisphere processes information at once, it perceives the world vividly, colorfully, figuratively, holistically, and does not calculate it; it is responsible for emotions, intuitive abilities, the ability to synthesize, understand humor, is responsible for spatial and visual functions;

it is sensitive to intonation (while the left hemisphere is not able to distinguish shades of emotions in the voice), to facial expressions, it is musical. Given this characteristic, it is appropriate to recall the genius of left-handers, that is, those in which the right hemisphere dominates.

The percentage of giftedness among left-handed people is unusually high: Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Napoleon, Charlie Chaplin, Albert Einstein.

In music: Mozart, Beethoven.

In painting: Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Rubens.

Actors: Robert De Niro, Julia Robert, Bruce Willis, Tom Cruise, Sylvester Stallone.

Computer genius - Bill Gates.

It is advisable to determine the leading hand at 4-5 years old, because, starting from 16-20 weeks and up to 2 years, the child experiences a wave-like change in “handiness”. From 2 to 4 years old, the hands are practically equivalent and equally active, and most of the actions are performed with both hands. And only at the age of 4-5 years the child prefers one of the hands.

Lefties make up 10-17 percent of the world's population. There are about 15–18 million of them in Russia. And domestic army left-handers is increasing year by year - since public education left, finally, dissimilar students alone. The following is known for certain: among the children of right-handed parents, left-handed people make up about 2 percent, if one parent is right-handed - 17 percent, and for two left-handed parents - 46 percent. There are approximately 9-11 percent of left-handed children in the world, but in our country - almost 25 percent. This fact is explained by one unfortunate circumstance: a rare Russian mother gives birth without problems. Pathology in childbirth reaches 70 percent.

An increased number of left-handers is noted among twins. Statistically, the identical twin of a left-handed person has a 76% chance of being left-handed, the reasons for this being identified as partly genetic and partly environmental.

Among the population of South Asia, Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia, there are much more left-handers than in other ethnic groups around the world, while among the population of Western and Northern Europe, Africa - left-handers are much less common.

1.2 Data on the causes of the development of left-handedness in science

Theories of the origin of left-handedness:

The asymmetry of the hands is explained by the asymmetry of other organs (Aristotle).

Mirror symmetry of the brain of a left-hander (V. Ogl, 1871)

social theory left-handedness. Left-handedness is the result of habit (S. Jackson, 1905).

Left-handedness is the result of emotional negativism (S. Freud).

Separation of functions between the left and right hemispheres of the brain (A.V. Semenovich, 1950)

1. A person can be "compensatory" left-handed due to some kind of brain damage, more often - his left hemisphere. The activity of the right hand is mainly regulated by the left hemisphere, and therefore, in the event of an injury (may be birth) or illness, the right hemisphere can take over the corresponding functions. Thus, the left hand becomes the leading one, that is, more active when performing everyday activities, and later, most often when writing.

2. Testosterone: According to neurologist Norman Geschwind, exposing a fetus to high doses of testosterone before birth can result in a left-handed baby. According to Norman Geschwind, testosterone affects the rate of prenatal growth of the hemispheres of the developing brain and is responsible for possible differences in the structure of the brain in men and women. The high content of testosterone during prenatal development, according to Geschwind, slows down the growth of the left hemisphere in the male fetus compared to the female one and contributes to the relatively greater development of the right hemisphere in males. 3.Theory of ultrasound: popular theory concerning the fact that ultrasound examinations may affect the brains of unborn children. It is believed that this can cause the development of left-handedness. The theory has a very limited application (only in humans and only in developed countries in the last few decades) and cannot explain or predict anything.

4. The evolutionary theory of asymmetry by V. A. Geodakyan: right-handedness and left-handedness are not a pathology, but normal, adaptive phenotypes for a stable and changeable environment that regulate the behavioral plasticity of society. The embryo is dominated by the more ancient biological right hemisphere, which controls the left hand. Under the best conditions, the intensive development of the left hemisphere leads to the fact that sooner or later it overtakes the right hemisphere and there is a complete translocation of the dominance of the hemispheres and hands, that is, left-handedness turns into trans-right-handedness (predominance of the left hemisphere of the right hand). Extreme conditions (ecological and psychological stress of the mother) create hypoxia that depresses the more sensitive left hemisphere of the embryo.

Archaeological evidence suggests that, after initially using both hands equally (symmetry), there was an asymmetry towards a preference for using the right hand.

5. In 2008, British scientists found the "left-handed gene." The LRRTM1 gene plays a key role in the formation of speech and emotions.

6. In 2012, Canadian researcher S. Koren found that those who prefer writing with the left hand are more often born in late marriages than young parents. From her point of view, the physiologically normal age for childbearing is 18-24 years. She made certain calculations, according to which 30-35-year-old left-handed parents are born 25% more, 35-39-year-olds - already 69%, and 40-year-old fathers and mothers have a very close chance of having a left-handed child. to 100%.

Conclusion: to date, several theories of the causes of the development of left-handedness in science are known, but none has been proven with accuracy.

1.3 Positive and negative sides in the life of a left-hander

Positive sides

There is in the "left" and its pluses.

1. Forced to adapt to the "right-handed" world, left-handers of necessity develop both hands, while right-handers usually operate with one. That is why many left-handers have an advantage and achieve serious success in some sports. Left-handed tennis players, fencers, boxers, wrestlers do not like very much - it is inconvenient to compete with them.

2. Lefties are more likely to be geniuses - or have high IQs.

3. British scientist Chris McManus, in the book "The Right Hand, Left hand proves that throughout human history, left-handed people have achieved higher levels of achievement than right-handed people.

4. Left-handed men make more money than right-handed men.

5. Lefties see better underwater.

6. As a general rule, left-handers are better at video games than right-handers.

7. Left-handers are easier to tolerate and recover from a stroke than right-handers. 8. Left-handed drivers are more successful at learning to drive than right-handers. 9. Succeed in sports.

Recently, more and more left-handed specialty stores or departments in regular stores have begun to appear in the world, where you can buy everything for left-handed people - from knives and forks to golf sets, musical instruments and computer accessories.

Negative sides

Of course, certain difficulties will always go hand in hand with a lefty. The right-handed world will try to trip every time the left-hander reaches for something with a developed, left hand. You have to get used to, learn, adapt. Or look for an alternative - buy special items for left-handers.

1. Many things - from scissors, cameras and computers to sewing machines, automatic machines and turnstiles in the subway - are "sharpened" for right-handed people.

2. Left-handers are more likely to get injured on the job than right-handers.

3. Left-handers are much more likely to develop musculoskeletal disorders because tools and equipment are designed for those who are better at using their right hand.

4. Handwriting can be a big problem, because as a left-handed child learns to write, he often touches a line already written, thereby smearing the ink on the page.

Conclusion: positive aspects much more negative.

1.4 Retraining left-handers as it was, consequences

I was undeservedly offended and insulted precisely because my hand was not the main one,

And the first one who offended and insulted me was my mother. She herself, being left-handed, she beat me for it...

Actor Viktor Sukhorukov shares his memories.

It used to be considered: left-handedness is an anomaly, you need to get rid of it. Many endowed with this gift, parents and teachers tried to retrain in childhood. Until 1986, a special program for the retraining of left-handers worked in the USSR, starting from kindergarten. No one thought that the retraining of such children led to tragic consequences: their natural connections between the hemispheres of the brain were torn, neuroses and stress began. “I grieved, I suffered, I cried, I didn’t know what to do with it,” Sukhorukov admits in the film.

In the USSR, it was believed that left-handed children must be retrained so that they use only their right hand when writing. Only years later they became noticeable and were recognized Negative consequences violent transformation, as a result of which in 1986 at the legislative level the need to retrain left-handers was abolished.

Left-handed retraining is an unsuccessful attempt to remake the child's biological nature. He can be forced to write and eat with his right hand, but it is impossible to change the leading hemisphere of the brain.

As Soviet experience has shown, retraining leads to a significant deterioration in the mental and physical health of left-handed people. This state is called « dextrastress » according to A.P. Chuprikov. Dextrastress is a painful psychophysiological stress experienced by a left-handed person under pressure from a right-handed environment.

In its most striking form, "dextrastress" manifests itself in the forced retraining of left-handed children and the prohibition to write with the left hand. Its consequence is the deterioration of the child's health: the appearance of various neurotic and neurosis-like conditions (depression, fears, nocturnal enuresis, stuttering, etc.), exacerbation of the hidden consequences of perinatal hypoxic encephalopathy - up to epilepsy.

In the process of forced relearning, the child becomes quick-tempered, capricious, irritable, sleeps restlessly, his appetite decreases. Later, more serious disorders appear: frequent headaches, constant lethargy. According to medical statistics, every third child with stuttering is a retrained left-hander.

Violations can appear both singly and in combination. In addition, retraining is fraught with the fact that the child will study poorly at school, and later at the institute.

A retrained left-handed person, who has forcibly adapted himself to the right type of motor behavior that is inconvenient for him, retains all the features in the sensory sphere and neuropsychic activity.

Today, there is no reasonable reason for teachers and parents to force children to change hands. Suggested explanations range from "It's not nice to see a person write with their left hand" to "The world is made for right-handed people and my left-handed child will be in a losing position." All this is unconvincing, and these excuses often mask a common prejudice against lefties - a prejudice that is now rapidly disappearing!

Conclusion: retraining causes irreparable damage to the health of the child.

2 Practical research

2.1 Identification of left-handers among students of school No. 18

A survey was conducted among students of school No. 18. The questionnaire is presented in Appendix A. The data of the survey results are presented in Figure 2.1

Figure 2.1 - The results of the survey among students of school No. 18

Conclusion: by conducting a survey among students of school No. 18, 2 left-handed children out of 74 were identified.

Data on the attitude of students and teachers to left-handedness are presented in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 - Attitude of students and teachers to left-handedness

Conclusion: 4 people consider left-handedness a deviation in development, 73 people - a common feature, 7 people - a genius.

In Appendix B, there are photographs in which a left-hander is recognized with the help of certain tasks: “Brush Castle”, “Napoleon's Pose”.

2.2 Comparative analysis of the performance of the same type of work between left-handed and right-handed people empirically

A) Knitting - it is easier for the right-hander to cope with the task, and for the left-hander the teacher could not pass on knitting skills.

B) Opening the door - the door is designed for the right-hander, it is convenient for the right-hander to open it, but not for the left-hander.

C) Using a spoon for cream - the spout of the spoon is arranged on the right, it is convenient for the right-hander, it is difficult for the left-hander to use.

D) Left-handed and right-handed sit at the same desk - they interfere with each other to write.

E) The left-hander, trying to write with his right hand, experiences discomfort and inconvenience, the handwriting is distorted.

Photos are presented in Appendix B.

2.3 Family tree of the left-handed family

In the section "Data on the causes of the development of left-handedness in science", there is a theory that, in 2008, British scientists found the "left-handed gene". The LRRTM1 gene plays a key role in the formation of speech and emotions.

Based on the proposed theory, a genealogical tree of the left-handed family was compiled, where the transmission of the LRRTM1 gene is traced. Annex D

3 Left-handedness is not a pathology

3.1 Findings of the study

After analyzing the positive and negative aspects in the life of left-handers with the help of theory and practice, it was found that left-handedness has much more pluses than minuses. In the modern world, shops are open to purchase devices specifically for left-handers, left-handers are smoothly rebuilt to the right hand as needed, today left-handers are not exterminated, according to Figure 2.2. treated as a normal feature.

Having studied how left-handed people were retrained in the USSR and what psychological and physical consequences this leads to, we can conclude: the difficulties that a left-hander has in the process of ongoing experiments do not justify the forced retraining of left-handed children.

Left-handedness is not a pathology and not a lack of development. Left-handedness is a very important individual feature of a person.

But why this happens, no one knows. And if you were born left-handed, then you automatically got into the list of mysteries of nature. And let a lot of trials fall on your lot, you are left-handed, which means you can handle it. The original facets of thinking are available to you, you look at everything from a special point of view. Your approach to any topic can be so unusual that right-handers will shake their heads in disbelief.

How to behave as parents of a left-handed child

Of course, it is important to always remember that the child's leading hand is the left. However, what you definitely should not do is:

Excessively remind him of left-handedness, highlighting his dissimilarity with most people - neither the child nor those around him should see anything abnormal in this. This attitude towards left-handedness is a direct path to low self-esteem and shyness.

Praise for left-handedness - the child may form the opinion that he stands out only because he is left-handed.

Each time to clarify whether it is convenient for him to hold objects - it is better to just be more observant, sometimes offer a solution or help, and always try to put yourself in the place of a left-handed child.

And of course, you should not retrain the child - this is a real "violence" on the baby's brain.

What activities are suitable for a left-handed child

Due to the fact that in a little left-handed person the leading hemisphere of the brain is the right hemisphere, more creative, creative and imaginative, such children often show interest in various types of art: drawing, sculpting, dancing and music can really appeal to your child.

Some note that all left-handers are united by inquisitiveness, the desire to know the structure of this world. This character trait helps in mastering natural sciences and those disciplines where their great sense of space can be applied: geography, geometry, and so on.

Well, do not forget about the harmonious physical development of a left-handed child. Sports such as running, boxing, tennis, gymnastics and playing sports are great for left-handed children.

Conclusion

In the first chapter, a definition of left-handedness is given, data on the causes of the development of left-handedness in science are studied. To date, several theories of the causes of the development of left-handedness in science are known, but none has been proven with accuracy. The positive and negative aspects in the life of left-handers are analyzed, the positive aspects are much more negative. The consequences of retraining left-handed people have been studied, retraining causes irreparable damage to the health of the child

In the second chapter, left-handers were identified among the students of school No. 18, by conducting a survey among the students of the school, 2 left-handed children out of 74 were identified.

A comparative analysis has been carried out, a genealogical tree of the left-handed family has been compiled.

In the third chapter, the results of the study of the work performed are shown, the answer to the question “Is it worth retraining a left-hander?” is given, recommendations are given to parents of left-handers.

Achieved goals and objectives of the work.

List of used literature

1 Bezrukikh M.M., Dubrovinskaya N.V., Farber D.A., Psychophysiology of the child. Psychophysiological foundations of children's valueology: M .: VLADOS, 2000, p. 144.

2 Burenkova E.V., Features of interpersonal relations of left-handed people. 2014 C 170.

3 Bragina N.N., Dobrokhotova T.A., Human functional asymmetries. 1998 C 240.

4 Roze N. D., Functional asymmetries. motor asymmetry. 1970, p. 361.

5 Chuprikov A.P., Identification of left-handedness and psychohygiene of left-handed children. // Guidelines, 2011, C 191.

6 Internet resource: http://www.gazeta.zn Left hand right

7 Internet resource: http://www.labirint.ru Recipe books and some goods for left-handers and about left-handers

8 Internet resource: http://www/leftorno.ru Left-Handed Shop

9 Internet resource: http://www.lefthandwriting.ru Stationery for left-handers, pens, pencils, rulers, erasers

Annex A

		Answer options
	Which hand do you have?
	Attitude towards left-handedness	Deviation in development common feature Genius

Annex B

left-hander detection

Annex B

Performing the same type of work right-handed and left-handed

door opening

Using a cream spoon

Left-handers write with their left hand, right-handers with their right

Lefty tries to write with right hand