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Caring for the health and harmonious development of the population by means of physical culture and sports in order to improve the quality of life is inextricably linked with the organization of the effective technical operation of sports facilities and sports and recreation complexes. In the conditions of reforming the socio-economic system and the transition to market relations, as well as in connection with the commissioning of many modern sports facilities for the Universiade in Kazan-2013 and the Olympic Winter Games Sochi-2014, the urgent problem of determining the compliance of financial costs for their construction and operation the results obtained. The presented study proposes one of the effective options for solving this problem.
To the indicators that most fully reflect the results of the work sports facilities, the load factor is assigned, the calculation method of which is the basis of the article. The description of the methodology contains a block diagram in the form of an algorithm of sequential actions and calculation formulas that allow, using actual measurements and existing standards, to analyze and evaluate the operation of a sports facility. Examples of specific application of the technique are given. The possibilities of computerization of calculations are shown, which simplify the work of sports managers and contribute to the prompt receipt of useful information on the activities of sports facilities.
Keywords: calculation method, load factor, sports facilities, sports managers.
Abstract
Care of health and harmonious development of the population by means of physical culture and sport with the aim of improving the quality of life, inextricably linked with the organization of the efficient maintenance of sports facilities and sports and recreation facilities.
In conditions of reforming of the socio-economic system and transition to market relations, and also in connection with the introduction ahead of the world Universiade in Kazan-2013 and the Olympic games Sochi-2014 many modern sports facilities with special acuteness occurs actual problem of the determination of compliance with the financial cost of their construction and operation of the received results. In the present study proposes one of the most effective ways to solve this problem.
The indicators, most fully reflecting the results of sports facilities referred to loading factor, calculated by the method which underlies article. In the description of the methodology contains a block diagram of the algorithm of consecutive actions and formulas that allow using actual measurements and existing regulations to perform the analysis and evaluation of the activities operation of sports facilities. Useful examples of specific applications of the methodology are given. An opportunity for computerization of calculations, simplifying the job of sports managers and promoting operational useful information on the activities of the sports facilities are demonstrated.
key words: calculation method, loading factor, sports facilities, sports managers.
Introduction
The need to develop a methodology for calculating the workload of sports facilities is associated with a number of reasons:
- the growing independence of sports organizations in the context of the transition to the market has led to the need to train specialists of a new formation in universities - sports managers;
- radical changes in the training of future industry specialists were required in connection with the implementation of the Federal target program "Development of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation for 2006-2015." and "Strategy for the development of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020";
- solution of issues of feasibility study of the efficiency of operation of newly built sports facilities in order to determine the ratio of funds spent to the results obtained;
- the demand for the development of methods: the calculation of the coefficients of workload and comfort of sports facilities, the cost of a subscription and rental of equipment, rent and others will help the sports manager master the skills of skillful and efficient management in the field of sports and sports;
- the professional training of students, future competent organizers of the FKiS, managers of sports complexes must meet the requirements of the new Federal State educational standard higher vocational education about the transformation of knowledge into a tool of action, which is implemented when working on the proposed educational and methodological development.
The presented work is intended for students of the specialization "Management in sports" in the study academic disciplines"Technical operation of sports facilities", "Sports business management", "Regional features of the development of sports and sports." It is used in advanced training courses for managers of sports facilities, teachers of the Physical Culture and Sports Complex, coaches and sports managers who organize work, evaluate indicators that characterize the effectiveness of the technical and economic operation of sports and fitness complexes.
Methodology
The previously accumulated experience of teaching students the course "Formation of economic thinking in the field of sports and recreation, sports and tourism services" became the basis for developing a methodology. Its applied nature introduced students to the implementation of the acquired knowledge into practice by participating in UIRS and NIRS, staging and conducting experimental studies, analysis of the processed results using information computer technology. The methodology contains formulas and calculation procedure, analysis of the calculated load factors and conclusions necessary for making scientifically based management decisions. It provides examples of specific applications. The block diagram of the calculation is given. A feature of the development is its educational and research nature, which forms the skills of organizing and conducting an experiment.
The purpose of the methodology
Familiarization of representatives of the FKiS industry with the stages of performing calculations of the workload of sports facilities and calculation formulas. Showing the results of its practical use on the example of a specific sports facility.
Calculation formulas and initial information
The economic efficiency of the operation of a sports facility is determined by the ratio of the actually rendered services to the scientifically substantiated norm. In the methodology, the load calculation is based on the actual measurements of the operational characteristics of a sports facility of any kind. Another important element of the calculation is the normalized workload, which depends on the one-time throughput of the sports facility, the qualifications of those involved and other factors. The final indicator obtained as a result of the calculation is the load factor.
Basic prerequisites:
- normative planned and calculated indicators apply to all types of sports facilities, regardless of their departmental affiliation;
- calculation of the actual and normalized workload of sports facilities is carried out in man-hours;
- the basis of the calculation is the planned indicators of the number of people involved and the mode of operation of sports and recreational and sports facilities (order of the Civil Code for the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation No. 44 dated February 4, 1998) and the standards for the operation of sports facilities given in official publications Code of rules for physical culture and sports facilities.
Kzagr. - the load factor of a sports facility, defined as the ratio of the indicator actual workload(Pfact) to the normalized workload indicator (Pnorm):
Kzagr.=Pfact/Pnorm (1)
Kzagr. can be calculated for any period of time Kdz, Knz, Kmz, Kkz, Kgz - designations, respectively, of the coefficient of daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, annual workload.
Calculation of actual workload indicators
The initial information when calculating the actual workload indicators are: the schedule of the sports facility (schedule of sports and fitness classes) and the attendance register:
Pfact = Nfact * Tfact,
where Nfact - the number of students in the group (persons);
Tfact - the duration of the lesson (h, min);
n is the number of groups per day;
i- serial number groups;
f - the number of days of actual operation of the sports facility in a year.
Calculation of normalized workload indicators
The initial information when calculating the normalized workload of a sports facility is: planned and calculated indicators of the number of people involved and modes of operation of sports and recreation and sports facilities, taken from official documents approved by the Department of Physical Culture and Sports of the Russian Federation:
Pnorm = Tnorm Nnorm,
where N is the normalized number of people involved, depends on the size of the main sports facility, the type of sport, the qualifications of those involved and the one-time throughput;
Tnorm - the normalized number of hours of operation of a sports facility per day, depends on the type and design of the site (covered or open, illuminated or unlit, etc.);
m - normalized number of days of operation per year, depends on the climatic and geographical zone, sport and is used in calculating the average annual load factor.
Calculation procedure
1. Calculate the actual daily load indicator:
2. Calculate weekly, monthly, annual workload indicators:
the average value of the actual daily load indicator.
3. Calculate the daily normalized load indicator:
Pnorm dz \u003d Tnorm dz * Nnorm dz,
where Tnorm dz - the time of operation of the sports facility per day.
Nnorm dz const - in the case of calculation for one sport and the same qualification of those involved:
the average value of the normalized daily workload in the case of calculation for different types sports and different qualifications of athletes.
4. Calculate the load factors of the sports facility according to the formula (1) for the required time periods (day, week, year):
Analysis of calculation results
Let's analyze the possible values of K load.
Кzagr = 1 - the actual and normalized workload are equal to each other, the sports facility is fully used.
Кzagr > 1 - the actual workload exceeds the normalized one, the sports facility is operated with overload.
Kzagr< 1 - фактическая загруженность меньше нормированной, спортивное сооружение используются не полностью.
The case of Kzagr less than one can be associated with a number of reasons: the absence of a contingent of trainees, current repairs, the coach's illness, failure of technical means and equipment, etc. and requires a complete analysis of the reasons for underloading the sports facility.
Case Kzagr more than one requires a technical and economic analysis aimed at revising or adjusting the planned and standard indicators and finding additional places of employment.
Calculation example
The results of the calculation of Kzagr of the KSK KAI OLIMP basin
Studies of the workload of the KAI OLIMP pool were carried out from March 11 to March 17, 2013 by student V. Dmitriev and Art. teacher R. Gazimov.
The initial data and the results of calculating the Kzagr of the swimming pool are presented in Table. 1, 2 and in the figure.
Table 1
Class schedule and number of students
|
Days of the week |
Time zan-th |
cont. zan. /h |
Qty |
Kind of sport |
Norm. number of people |
|
Monday |
St./pl. + sports. school | ||||
|
St./pl. + v/polo | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
in / polo + sports. school | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
St./pl. + v/polo | |||||
|
St./pl. + sports. school | |||||
|
St./pl. + v/polo | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
in / polo + sports. school | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
St./pl. + v/polo | |||||
|
St./pl. + sports. school | |||||
|
St./pl. + v/polo | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
in / polo + sports. school | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
St./pl. + sports. school | |||||
|
St./pl. + v/polo | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
in / polo + sports. school | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
St./pl. + v/polo | |||||
|
St./pl. + sports. school | |||||
|
St./pl. + v/polo | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
in / polo + sports. school | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
St./pl. + v/polo | |||||
|
St./pl. + sports. school | |||||
|
St./pl. + v/polo | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
in / polo + sports. school | |||||
|
free swimming | |||||
|
Sunday |
free swimming | ||||
|
free swimming |
Calculation of the coefficient of daily and weekly workload according to the indicators of normalized and actual workload
Mon
Pnorm \u003d N norm * T norm \u003d 120 * 4 + 73 * 2 + 120 * 2 + 73 * 5 + + 120 * 3 \u003d 1591 1591/16 \u003d 99 * 12 \u003d 1188
Pfact \u003d N act x T fact \u003d 70 * 1 + 45 * 2 + 35 * 1 + 45 * 1 + + 30 * 2 + 20 * 2 + 60 * 1 + 30 * 2 + 50 * 1 + 40 * 2 \u003d 590 Kdz = 590/1188 = 0.49.
Tue
Pnorm = 1591/16 = 99 * 12 = 1188 h
Pfact \u003d 580 h Kdz \u003d 580/1188 \u003d 0,48
.
Wed
Pnorm = 1638/16 = 102 * 12 = 1224 h
Pfact = 549 h.
Thu
Pfact = 522 h
Kdz = 522/1188 = 0,43 .
Fri
Pfact = 562 h
Kdz = 562/1188 = 0,47
Kdz = 549/1224 = 0,44
.
Sat
Pfact = 560 h
Kdz = 560/1224 = 0,45
.
Sun
Pnorm = 1680/14 = 120 * 12 = 1440
Kdz = 650/1440 = 0,45
.
table 2
Load Factor Calculation Results
Knz = 4013/8669 = 0.46.
pool daily schedule
Calculation of the load factor of the pool KSK KAI OLIMP showed that the greatest workload is created by sports schools in swimming and water polo, which are engaged on Monday and Tuesday. In the following days, the load factor is less, as each sports group takes a day off in the middle of the week, on different days. On Sunday, only paying customers, employees and students of the university visit the pool.
According to the accepted workload standards, the KAI OLYMP pool is underloaded, and the sports manager has something to work on. Another recommendation concerns the need to revise the norm of loading of swimming lanes when practicing recreational swimming in the direction of their reduction, since a person who does not have special training on the water, more free space is required for a safe stay in the pool bath.
conclusions
- A method for calculating the load factor of sports facilities is proposed.
- The introduction of the methodology into practice has been tested at a number of sports facilities in the Republic of Tatarstan and does not present any difficulties.
- Calculations are performed using computer software.
- The methodology makes it possible to specifically analyze the activities of any sports facility in numbers and outline measures that optimize the operation mode.
Literature
- Landa B.H. Development of training programs for the training of sports managers // Bulletin of sports science. - 2013.- No. 1. - S. 44-49.
- Landa B.H. Methodology for calculating the load factor of sports facilities. - M.: Soviet sport, 2013. - S. 36.
References
- Landa B.H. Development of training programs of training of sports managers // Vestnik sportivnoj nauki. - 2013. - No. 1. - P. 44-49.
- Landa B.H. Method for calculation of load coefficient in sports constructions. - M.: Soviet sport, 2013. - P. 36.
A building properly equipped and intended for educational and sports work and competitions in one or more sports is called a sports hall.
There are specialized and universal gyms. Their size and shape, design features are determined by the purpose of the hall, the rules of the competition and the amount of installed or placed equipment. How to train your dragon 3 2019 cartoon watch online for free.
Specialized gyms are designed for a specific type of physical activity. Their shape and size, equipment, assistive devices and devices are selected in such a way as to ensure the daily training process.
Universal sports halls are designed for simultaneous or alternate practice of several sports.
It is planned to have 2 specialized halls in the QMS - a martial arts hall and a gym and 1 universal hall, which will house game sections, fitness, aerobics and host mass events.
In order to find out the maximum possible number of consumers, it is necessary to calculate the capacity of the QMS halls. Because depending on the sport, there is a certain amount of space per person. So let's make a table of "throughput of halls".
Hall capacity table.
The area norms per person are determined by the USSR State Construction Committee (SNiII-II-L, 11-70) and are valid to this day.
The number of shifts per day is calculated based on the fact that a shift for all types of services, except for gaming and mass events, lasts 1.5 hours, and the work schedule of the QMS is from 13 to 23 hours, i.е. 10 hours a day.
In order to find out the maximum number of people who are constantly engaged, it is necessary to divide the column "Throughput per month" from the halls' throughput table by 10, because. The average subscription is for 10 lessons.
Then we get a new table:
The maximum number of constantly exercising people
This is the maximum bar of opportunities, which is not possible to achieve in the first year of work, but which must be strived for.
In my calculations, I will use 30% -70% of these data, depending on the demand for each sport and the existing offers for these types of services.
The number of people constantly involved in sports was planned using a social survey (see Appendix No. 5), a survey of sports institutions (OBC "Health" and the club "Greece"). Coaches of sports institutions provided information on the number of people involved and the number of people who would like to exercise, but cannot because of lack of space. This is due to the fact that in existing sports organizations, adults can only work out from 20-00 to 22-00 hours, and schoolchildren are engaged until 20-00 hours.
The number of people constantly involved in the QMS
|
Name |
Quantity, pers. |
|
|
Gym | ||
|
adults | ||
|
Hall of martial arts | ||
|
adults | ||
|
Universal game room | ||
|
adults | ||
|
Aerobics | ||
|
Total |
MINISTRY OF SPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Methodology for calculating the actual workload and capacity of sports facilities
Moscow 2012
Actual annual workload of the sports facility
is determined by the formula:
FZ \u003d P x H x D x N, where
FZ - the actual annual workload of a sports facility,
P is the average number of visits to a sports facility per day,
The average number of visits to a sports facility per day reflects how many people visit the sports facility per day on average. The initial data are: a log of visits, the number of entrance tickets, the number of registered entries of visitors, or any other data that allows you to estimate the desired value. At the same time, the number of visitors on each specific day is averaged based on annual data. That is, if a visitor log for the year is available, then the annual number of visits is divided by 365. Visitors are understood to be citizens involved in physical culture and sports. The number of visits does not reflect the number of individuals using the services of a given sports facility, but rather the number of entries, i.e. the same citizen, attending different physical education classes, makes several entries, thereby increasing the number of visits. Thus, the number of visits is not equal, for example, to the number of members of a sports club (subscription holders).
H - the average duration of one lesson (visit),
the average duration of one lesson (visit) shows how much time one visitor is on average engaged in physical culture or sports at a given sports facility per visit. The value is measured in hours. 1 hour (60 minutes)=1. One and a half hours (90 minutes) = 1.5. 45 minutes=0.75. Etc.
The RxH product shows how many man-hours of physical culture and sports activities are provided on average by this sports facility. With a decrease in class time, the number of visits may increase. Conversely, with a decrease in visits, the duration of classes may increase.
D - the number of days per week during which the sports facility provides physical culture and sports services to the population,
H - the number of weeks in a year during which the sports facility provides physical culture and sports services to the population.
If D=7 and H=52 the product DxH=364, i.e. shows the continuous operation of the object during the year. However, it is necessary to take into account and reflect the periods of repair work, sanitary days, etc., reducing either D if the phenomena are systemic (for example, a sanitary day once a month means D = 6.75), or H (for example, repairs in within 3 weeks means H=52-3=49)
If the facility hosts diverse events (classes of different duration, periodic sports events outside the class schedule), then it is necessary to take into account the contribution to the RHF index of each type of event.
At the same time, spectators who are present at physical culture and sports events and who are not participants in them are not taken into account. Their number is not taken into account in the calculations.
Consider a sports and recreation complex (FC), including a sports hall.
FOK works 7 days a week for 10 hours and organizes group physical education classes with the population.
Classes in a group last 90 minutes (1.5 hours).
The schedule of classes in groups is designed in such a way that 3 classes are held on Monday, from Tuesday to Thursday (3 days a week) - 5 classes per day, on Friday, Saturday and Sunday - 4 classes each.
In addition, on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, the hall is available for 2 hours to play mini-football.
On the basis of the FOK in April, an interschool sports contest is held for 3 days. At the same time, the FOC does not conduct other classes.
10 teams of schoolchildren of 10 people each take part in the Spartakiad. Competitions are held on the principle of paired competitions. The average time of each competition is 30 minutes (0.5 hour). Each team meets with all opponents (each team has 4 meetings). Those. we can assume that 20 people (2 teams) spend on the site for 2 hours (4 meetings for 0.5 hours).
FLC on holidays did not work 10 days a year.
FLC was closed due to a water supply failure for 3 days.
FLC was used to meet with voters for 1 day (no classes were held)
Payment:
1. According to the register for group lessons 600 people come in a week.
Average number of visits to a sports facility per day (group sessions)
2. According to the log book for futsal 50 people come per week
3. Interschool Olympics. Since this event is not held every week, but once a year, in order to obtain the “average number of visits per day” for this event, it is necessary to take into account the time period equal to one year.
P3 = 100 people: 365 days = 0.27
4. Total: PxH= P1xCh1+P2 xCh2+P3 xCh2=128.55+14.2+0.54=143.29
Taking into account that the results are rounded at different stages of the calculation, the last event (Spartakiad) could not be taken into account at all, taking into account its minimal contribution to the total figure.
D=7 FOC works all days of the week.
But the total time when the FOC did not provide services is: 3 (spartakiad) + 10 (holidays) + 3 (accident) + 1 (meeting with voters) = 17 or 2.5 weeks
FZ \u003d R x H x D x N
FZ \u003d 143.29x7x49.5 \u003d 49649.985 or 49650 man-hours
Annual capacity of the sports facility
calculated according to following formula:
MS \u003d EPS x RF x RD, where
MC is the annual capacity of the sports facility,
NPS is the one-time (normative) throughput of a sports facility, calculated in accordance with the planned and calculated indicators for the number of people involved, approved by order of the SCFT of Russia dated 04.02.1998 No. 44,
RF - the number of working hours of a sports facility per day,
RD - the number of working days of a sports facility in a year.
In this EXAMPLE:
EPS=30 (standard)
RF = 10 (regular operating time of the FOC per day)
RD = 365-10 (holidays) = 355 (regular working hours of the FOC per year)
MS=30x10x355=106500
Having calculated the actual workload and the annual capacity of the sports facility, it is possible to calculate the coefficient of the actual workload of the sports facility using the following formula:
| KZ = | FZ | x 100%, where |
| MS |
KZ - the load factor of a sports facility,
FZ - the actual annual workload of a sports facility,
MC is the annual capacity of the sports facility.
In this EXAMPLE:
KZ \u003d 49650: 106500x100% \u003d 46.6%
Please note that the KZ indicator characterizes not the economic and functional efficiency of the sports facility, but the workload of the sports facility in terms of exclusively physical culture and sports activities with citizens. In this sense, the low value of the short circuit does not mean the inefficiency of the facility and is not the basis for conclusions about the advisability of its closure, re-profiling or personnel decisions.
When analyzing free access sports facilities that do not have initial data for determining visitors, the values of the corresponding quantities are determined by the organization responsible for the operation of these facilities on the basis of an expert assessment.
EXAMPLE 2
Consider an open planar structure - a playground for outdoor games. The building does not have artificial lighting.
During the summer season (20 weeks) the site is open 12 hours (daylight hours).
During the winter season (10 weeks), the site is open for 6 hours (daylight hours). The ice rink is pouring.
The rest of the time, for various reasons, the site is usually empty.
Most of the students gather on weekends.
Average number of visits to a sports facility per day on the basis of an expert opinion is taken equal to 6 people in summer period and 5 people - in the winter.
The average duration of classes is 1 hour
FZ \u003d R x H x D x N
FZ = (6x1 + 5x1) x 7 x 52 = 4004 man-hours
MS \u003d EPS x RF x RD,
RF = (12x20 + 6x10): 52. We calculate the average time of work per year.
KZ=4004:42340=0.1
FOR REFERENCE:
Calculation of the standard operating time of sports facilities
According to the order of Rosstat on approval new form 1-FK No. 562 dated 10/23/2012. as the main types of sports facilities, it is advisable to choose objects for which official statistics are available and the planned and calculated indicators for the number of people involved and the modes of operation of sports facilities approved by the Order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for physical education and tourism dated 04.02.1998 No. 44.
Analysis of planning and calculation indicators recorded in the Order, grouping and comparing objects of the same type, made it possible to determine the standard daily time for the operation of objects accepted for accounting in Form No. 1-FK. The obtained values are shown in the table.
| Sports facility type | Working hours (hours per day) |
| Stadiums with stands for 1500 seats or more (grass field) | |
| Stadiums with stands for 1500 seats or more (artificial pitch) | |
| Other planar sports facilities | |
| Sport halls | |
| Sports Palaces | |
| Indoor sports facilities with artificial ice | |
| Arenas | |
| Cycling tracks, indoor velodromes | |
| Swimming pools outdoor | |
| Swimming pools indoor and heated | |
| Ski and biathlon bases (tracks) | |
| Biathlon shooting complexes | |
| Outdoor shooting ranges and stands | |
| Closed ranges | |
| Rowing bases and channels | |
| Other sports facilities | 7,5 |
| Average running time | 9,1 |
Table. The list of types of sports facilities and the normative time of their work per day.
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