Project goals: Find out what “pollutes” Russian speech.
Find out the cause of these factors.
Find ways to solve the problem.
Give examples of actions aimed at
cleansing Russian language.
Pollution of the Russian language
Despite the fact that the Russian language is verbalrich, it also contains jargon,
filler words and much more. Exists
there are still many factors deteriorating Russian
literature, but in order to make it clear and
just explain the whole essence of the problem, I
I’ll give an example using jargon. Jargon is a word or expression
belonging to any jargon.
So, in modern life can often be seen
girl walking with a cigarette and talking
swearing on the phone. I don’t know about you, but for me it’s
causes a feeling of disgust. That's it now
changed, and from tender, vulnerable creatures
girls turned into rude and tough
creatures It's a shame that many people stopped
pay attention to this, do not understand why
everything begins. But watch your
behavior and speech, very hard work,
which most of today's youth
seems ineffective. But in vain.
Statistics
Unfortunately,statistics are not
pleases: quantity
non-normative
almost vocabulary
equals
number of citations in
Russian speech.
Causes of vulgar speech:
Poor upbringing and education.Inability to behave respectfully
towards others.
Lack of respect for oneself, as a consequence
the above. Poor upbringing and education in
primarily provokes obscene
speech. From early childhood the child
imitates his parents, and if with him
non-normative language is used in education
vocabulary (even if not specific in its
address), then when a person becomes
adults, he does not refuse this
habits instilled in him by his parents.
Education develops in a person
responsibility, ability to set goals
goals, literacy, and therefore speech culture,
Therefore, the purity of speech also depends on
education. Inability to behave respectfully
attitude towards others also imposes
imprint on a person's speech. When young
a person does not see among other people
differences neither in age, nor in status, nor in
position, he will talk to everyone as
with your friends, buddies and
peers using the same
jargon and other things that clog speech,
words. This means that his speech will become very distant
from correct speech. Well-mannered young
a person will always be respectful
treat both your peers and people
older people, using literate
speech. And also, we all know that Russian teachers
language and literature are always competent and correct
express our thoughts, we try to them
imitate, learn from them, but there are teachers
other items that are used in their
youth speech is slack, dialectisms, words are parasites, which means in terms of pure speech they
cease to be a model for us. But
a good teacher is a teacher in everything. So I
I think that every person, no matter what he is
no age or profession, must respect
not only those around you, but also yourself, and therefore
try to speak intelligently. Language is not only a method of communication, it is also
is one of the signs of the life of the people, its
using; this is a book in which
displays the entire history of the development of the people, the entire
its historical path, starting from the most ancient
times to the present day. In every phrase
the historical past is traced,
relentlessly accompanying people;
the present is traced, and perhaps
the future of all those with mother's milk
absorbed Russian words filled with
the love of people close and dear to the heart. But, no matter how widespread obscene language
speech for today, fighting it
exists. Promotions are held and posted
posters with relevant slogans, in
schools hold special events. And having understood the problem of pollution,
it becomes clear that it is not obscenity that needs to be eradicated, but
its reasons.
So, let's summarize:
We found out the reasons for the pollution of Russian speech.We learned about the reasons for vulgar speech.
We looked at examples of events
dedicated to the purity of Russian speech.
Everyone made a conclusion for themselves after learning everything
seen here.
Jargon is a word or expression belonging to some jargon. So, in modern life you can often see a girl walking with a cigarette and talking obscenities on the phone. I don’t know about you, but it makes me feel disgusted. Now everything has changed, and from gentle, vulnerable creatures, girls have turned into rough and tough creatures. It’s a shame that many people have stopped paying attention to this and don’t understand why it all starts. But monitoring your behavior and your speech is very hard work, which seems fruitless to most of today’s youth. But in vain.
Poor upbringing and education primarily provokes obscene speech. From early childhood, a child imitates his parents, and if profanity is used during his upbringing (even if not specifically addressed to him), then when a person becomes an adult, he does not give up this habit instilled in him by his parents. Education instills in a person responsibility, the ability to set goals, literacy, and therefore a culture of speech, therefore purity of speech also depends on education.
The inability to behave respectfully towards others also leaves an imprint on a person’s speech. When a young man does not see any difference in age, status, or position among other people, he will talk to everyone as to his friends, acquaintances and peers, using the same jargon and other words that clog his speech. This means that his speech will be very far from correct speech. A well-mannered young man will always treat both his peers and older people with respect, using competent speech.
Language is not only a method of communication, it is also one of the signs of life of the people who use it; This is a book that reflects the entire history of the development of the people, their entire historical path, from ancient times to the present day. Each phrase traces the historical past that constantly accompanies people; traces the present, and, perhaps, the future of all those who, with their mother’s milk, absorbed Russian words, filled with the love of people close and dear to their hearts.
Voropaev Alexey
The modern Russian language is a historically established linguistic community and unites the entire set of linguistic means of the Russian people, including all Russian dialects and dialects, as well as various jargons. Highest form The national Russian language is the Russian literary language, which has a number of features that distinguish it from other forms of language existence: refinement, normalization, breadth of social functioning, universal binding for all members of the team, a variety of speech styles used in various spheres of communication.
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Voropaev Alexey
"Purity of Russian speech"
MBOU - secondary school s. Lyubimovo
9th grade
Zhakina Vera Viktorovna
Introduction. 3
I. Purity of speech as an indicator of a person’s speech culture. 4 - 5
II. Violations of speech purity.
2 Vernaculars. 6 – 7
3 Barbarisms. 8
4 Jargons. 9 – 11
5 Stationery. 12
6. Research results. 13
Conclusion. 14
Bibliography. 15
Application. 16 - 25
Introduction.
The modern Russian language is a historically established linguistic community and unites the entire set of linguistic means of the Russian people, including all Russian dialects and dialects, as well as various jargons. The highest form of the national Russian language is the Russian literary language, which has a number of features that distinguish it from other forms of language existence: refinement, normalization, breadth of social functioning, universal obligatory for all members of the team, a variety of speech styles used in various spheres of communication.
The most important feature of the modern Russian literary language is its purity, which means that the composition of the vocabulary of the literary language is strictly selected from the general treasury of the national language; the meaning and use of words, pronunciation, spelling, and the formation of grammatical forms follow a generally accepted pattern.
The relevance of this topic is obvious. How often in Everyday life, from TV screens, on the radio and from the lips of our politicians and public figures we hear violations of the norms of literary language.
To achieve these goals, I have identified the following stages of work: defining the concept of “purity of speech”, analyzing the most common speech disorders, observing the use in speech of vocabulary that is outside the Russian literary language, of people of different categories: schoolchildren, teachers, village residents.
Main part.
I. Purity of speech as an indicator of a person’s speech culture.
Purity is the quality of speech, which, if not observed, turns out to be the most noticeable to listeners. It is interesting that the “clogging” of speech in others is noticed even by those who themselves do not comply with this requirement.
Lack of purity of speech often causes irritation, since the use of certain “unclean”, “dirty” means causes ethical and aesthetic “disgust” and rejection, and this is reflected in communicative relationships - the mutual disposition of partners towards each other is disrupted (does not arise), therefore - Communication in general suffers.
II. Violations of speech purity.
All these groups of vocabulary are united by the fact that, as violators of “purity,” they are usually foreign, non-style inclusions in speech. In other words, in order for them to be regarded as a kind of “stains”, the “main fabric” of the text must be “clean”, i.e. so that the speech is based on the Russian literary language with stylistically neutral vocabulary. Otherwise - if the entire speech consists mainly of jargon - it will entirely be outside the boundaries of the Russian literary language. To assess the admissibility or inadmissibility of using jargon, barbarisms and other already mentioned groups of vocabulary, it is important to determine the purpose for which they are included in speech, and from this position analyze whether each of the named methods of violating the purity of speech is a mistake or not. The functions of using these groups of vocabulary are so different that linguists sometimes differ significantly in assessing their role in language and speech. Let's look at the main groups of vocabulary that can clog up speech.
2. Vernacular.
The main layer of the Russian literary language are words of common use, interstyle. Against the background of this stylistically neutral vocabulary, vocabulary with a reduced stylistic coloring - vernacular - stands out sharply.
Russian colloquial vocabulary includes sharply reduced words that are outside the literary norm. Among them there may be forms containing a positive assessment of the named concepts ("hard worker", "smarty", etc.), but there are many more forms characterized by simplicity, rudeness and usually serve to express the speaker's sharp negative assessments of the designated concepts, for example: "stunned "(to get tired), "to deceive" (to deceive), "dreary" (unpleasant), "dirty" (dirty), "in the middle of nowhere", "neither skin nor face", etc.
Gross violation literary norms are also colloquial grammatical forms words, for example: “to save”, “lecturer”, “cake”, colloquial pronunciation of common words: “funds”, “briefcase”, “secretary”, etc.
The use of vernacular can be reasonably assessed only on the basis of the criterion of functional justification and expediency, which is fundamental to the culture of speech.
From these positions, vernacular speech as evidence of insufficient knowledge of the norms of the Russian literary language should probably be assessed as evidence of low speech culture. In this regard, people use, sometimes without realizing about more “literate” options, such expressions: “I don’t care”, “I have no idea” instead of “I don’t know”, “I don’t care”, “discuss” instead of “discuss” , “back” meaning “again”, etc. Moreover, vernacular speech can penetrate beyond the conversational and everyday sphere, for example, into the official business sphere: progress, developments, residence (at address). Thus, vernacular is usually used in the speech of poorly educated segments of the population and gives it an incorrect and rude character.
Colloquial words are arranged on a rating scale with the following basic coordinates: bookish - colloquial - abusive. If swear words stand on the border and often beyond the border of the literary language, then colloquial words do not lose their literary status, but their access to the book layer of vocabulary is denied. This is especially evident in the fact that in common speech there is no such fundamental feature of the literary language as functional differentiation. And therefore, when a speaker of a vernacular must communicate not in everyday life, but, for example, in an official business setting, he low level proficiency in literary language is especially pronounced.
If a person uses vernaculars as stylistically marked, knowing full well about their decline, being able to replace them with literary synonyms, i.e. as a means of expressiveness - in this case, it is no longer lexical, but communicative norms that act, according to which the justification or unjustification of using this or that linguistic means assessed in terms of compliance with the situation, style, level and speech tastes of the participants in communication. And only on the basis of this (if this means of expression) is the success or failure of using this means assessed.
However, when using vernaculars, as well as reduced vocabulary in general, you need to be careful, since not every interlocutor will always appreciate such inclusion in speech as appropriate and successful. After all, it can also be regarded as evidence that this reflects the general cultural level of the speaker, who is accustomed to expressing his thoughts in this way and does not know how to find a literary equivalent to the vernacular; such expressions can be regarded as a signal that the speaker has a low assessment of the cultural level of the listener or is striving for familiarity in communication. In addition, this expression may be completely inconsistent with the general style of speech and the communication situation as a whole.
3 Barbarisms.
If vernaculars are on the border of the Russian literary language due to their perceived inferiority, then barbarisms, at first glance, perform the exact opposite function - they “scream” about the education of the author of the speech and are sometimes used equally often both in oral and writing. However, barbarisms clog up speech no less because they are foreign language inclusions that are used unjustifiably in Russian speech, often under the influence of a peculiar fashion.
Disputes about foreign words ah, they probably go back to the time when the Russian language was recognized as an independent, original language. Summarizing the results of these disputes, we can say that the process of borrowing words is a normal phenomenon, and in certain historical periods - even inevitable. But the foreign words themselves can be divided into two groups: some are useful, denoting new concepts and previously unknown objects, others are useless, duplicating existing native Russian names, and therefore not enriching, but clogging speech.
At the same time, replacing a foreign word with Russian synonyms is not always equivalent, and sometimes impossible.
Currently, the invasion of imported words leads to the fact that, as experts note, the bygone “French-Nizhny Novgorod slang” is being replaced by “American-Rostov slang” that belittles national dignity. At the same time, it is not the very use of foreign words that causes concern, but the replacement of, for example, traditional Russian words with Americanisms. speech etiquette. It is now considered normal to ask a fallen person: “Are you okay? Are you okay? You are sure?" instead of “Are you hurt? Is there anything you need to help with?” and so on.
From a communicative point of view, the use of a foreign word is a matter of luck. On the one hand, it is important to assess whether it is used correctly, on the other hand, whether it is understandable, accessible to the addressee, and whether it will not lead to a violation of communicative ethical standards, because the inclusion of an unfamiliar or incomprehensible foreign word in speech may be regarded by the addressee as a means of emphasizing superiority author of the speech.
4. Jargon.
Jargon is a social variety of speech used by a narrow circle of native speakers, united by common interests, occupations, and position in society.
The Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary gives the following description of jargon: “Jargon is a type of speech used primarily in oral communication of a separate, relatively stable social group, uniting people based on profession, position in society, interests, etc.” .
Historically known in Russia are the noble, merchant jargons, and jargons of various groups of artisans, which are reflected in Russian classical literature.
In the modern Russian language, youth jargon, or slang, is distinguished (English Slang - words and expressions used by people of certain professions or age groups), professional jargon, and camp jargon is also used in places of deprivation of liberty.
Youth slang.
The most widespread in our time is youth jargon, popular among students, young people, and teenagers. Jargonisms, as a rule, have equivalents in the national language: “dormitory” (dormitory), “spurs” (crib sheets), etc. The appearance of many jargonisms is associated with the desire of young people to express their attitude to a subject or phenomenon more clearly and emotionally. Hence such evaluative words: “amazing”, “awesome”, “neighing”, “stunning”, buzz”, etc. All of them are common only in oral speech and are often absent in dictionaries (which is responsible for the discrepancies in the spelling of some jargon).
The reasons for the persistence of youth slang are a weakly meaningful desire to feel and preserve one’s own special world, different from the general, “adult”, “official” world, one’s independence in it; the desire for language creativity, for language play, a critical, mocking, playful mood that helps to maintain optimism and resist “hostile” phenomena (parental authority, teacher edification, official etiquette, etc.); youthful bravado; imitation, etc.
At the same time, the language developed by the group is assessed by it as unconditionally original in relation to the Russian literary language. Youth jargon, for example, is a means of declaring one’s generation as new, innovative and, therefore, according to this logic, destroying traditions, creating something of its own in defiance of the generally accepted (a version of nihilism).
At the same time, initially “new” words really bear the imprint of imagery and are expressive. The desire for expressiveness is also manifested in the fact that youth jargon is usually used when it is necessary to briefly express emotions and the nature of the action, i.e. in order to express a subjective emotional assessment.
This shows that on at a certain stage In the development of a person, it turns out to be more important to “be like everyone else,” while the existence of emotions that are the same as a given group, the shades of which are not named not only due to poverty, becomes paramount vocabulary, and in order to, designated in general terms, they served as an additional means of uniting this group.
Scientists have an ambiguous attitude towards jargon. Academician D.S. Likhachev insisted that jargon is not only primitive speech, it also reflects primitive consciousness. Other researchers have a more tolerant attitude towards jargon. For example, L.P. Krysin notes, first of all, positive sides this variety of language: “The linguistic essence of all these varieties is the same: playing with and with words, metaphorizing verbal meanings in order to create expressive, emotionally charged means of linguistic expression.”
Jargon is a game with words in order to stand out, not to be standard. But a paradox emerges: moving away from the standard leads to the creation of a kind of ersatz language, even more limited in its capabilities. As a result, jargon that arose in the wake of a creative impulse, which, due to its success, was accepted by a given group, consolidated and spread among others, very quickly loses the imprint of imagery and becomes just another cliche, ready-made expressions suitable for any situation and thereby turns into the complete opposite of expressiveness. Often these jargons displace common literary words from the active vocabulary of those communicating.
If this does not happen and a kind of bilingualism remains, then most jargons become outdated, lose their imagery and novelty, which leads to the need to create new jargons. The emergence and spread of jargon and argotisms is rightly assessed as a negative phenomenon in the development of the national language. Therefore, the language policy is to refuse to use them. However, many writers and publicists also turn to these layers of vocabulary in search of realistic colors when describing the relevant aspects of our reality. But at the same time, jargon and argotisms are introduced into literary speech only by quotation. Thus, jargon is used to:
Say a kind of password - “I am mine,” and if this signal is limited to the youth environment, then the use of jargon is quite acceptable;
Replace other words regardless of the situation;
Show a deliberately dismissive, familiar attitude towards new and complex things;
Play with a word in a situation where these words will be perceived and appreciated as an appropriate joke.
5. Stationery.
The bureaucratization of all forms of life in our society has led to the fact that the influence of the official business style has increased excessively in the Russian language. Elements of this style, unjustifiably used outside of it, are called clericalism. These include characteristic words and expressions (presence, absence, today, etc.), many verbal nouns(taking, bloating, understaffing, etc.), denominate prepositions (in business, along the line, at the expense of, etc.).
Formulations replete with bureaucracy and speech cliches helped to avoid direct conversation on sensitive topics and to call a spade a spade. Officialism penetrates not only bookish, but also colloquial speech, in which one can sometimes note absurd combinations of stylistically incompatible words. The absurdity of saturating colloquial speech with bureaucratic expressions becomes obvious when they are used parodicly. For example, imagine that a husband asks his wife at dinner what she did today. In response, he hears: “In the first half of the day, I quickly ensured the restoration of proper order in the living area, as well as in the utility room for common use intended for cooking. In the subsequent period, I organized visits to commercial enterprises in order to purchase new goods...”
6. Research results.
The use of colloquial words is typical for middle-aged and elderly people (73%), mainly these are words containing a positive assessment of the named concepts (“hard worker”, “hard worker”, “brainy”, “strength”, etc.), but many more forms , characterized by simplicity, rudeness and usually serving to express sharp negative assessments of the speaker (“grabber”, “loafer”, “dumb”, “fool”), as well as colloquial grammatical forms of words, for example: “runaway”, “stockings”, “ cake", colloquial pronunciation of common words: "calling", "driver", "shop", "more beautiful", etc.
One of the positive aspects of my research is that in the speech of the respondents there is no unjustified use of foreign words; all foreign words used by the authors of the speech had no Russian analogues. Here are some of them: computer, Internet,immunodeficiency, suicide, testing, disk, logo, password, remote control, resume, ecology, memory bank, database, virtual reality, remote(distant) training, discount card, information blockade, computer graphics, IQ, credit of trust, electronic version and etc.
Full communication among young people is impossible without mastery of their language - youth slang. This is the most common violation of the purity of Russian speech. Among school students, 100% of the subjects use jargon in their speech, very often replacing common words with them. And I was very surprised that among the adult population of our village there is a very high percentage of the use of slang words (teachers 37%, village residents 43%).
I heard words related to the official business style only in the teachers’ speech; no unjustified use of these words was noted.
The result of my research was the compilation of a dictionary of words that are outside the literary norm and are most often used in speech.
Conclusion
Thus, purity of speech serves as an indicator not only of a person’s speech and general culture, but also of his taste, sense of language, and sense of proportion.
Violation of the purity of speech reflects its stereotyped nature, leads to impoverished speech, tongue-tiedness, and contamination with non-literary elements. This feature noted linguist B.N. Golovin. According to him, “the communicative quality of speech - its purity - is interpreted and can be described on the basis of the relationship of speech with literary language and the moral side of human consciousness. “Pure speech can be called a speech in which there are no elements alien to the literary language (primarily words and phrases) and no elements of language rejected by moral norms.”
Bibliography
Golovin B.N. Fundamentals of speech culture. - M., 1988.
Zemskaya E.A. Russian colloquial speech: linguistic analysis and learning problems. - M., 1987.
Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Yartseva. - M., 1990.
Petrov O.V. Rhetoric. - M., 2004.
Rosenthal D.E., Golub I.B., Telenkova M.A. Modern Russian language. - M., 1997.
Russian language and culture of speech / Ed. IN AND. Maksimova. - M., 2003.
Ushakova T.N., Pavlova N.D., Zachesova I.A. Human speech in communication. - M., 1989.
Cheshko A.A. Russian language. - M., 1981.
APPLICATION
Dictionary of colloquial and slang words
alconaut - drunkard
ambal - a tall man
bazaar - conversation, discussion of a topic
cormorant - young man
fun - pleasure
tower - head
demolishes the tower - go crazy
drink - drink
booze - booze
understand - understand
pass out - 1) stop understanding; 2) fall asleep from fatigue
cackle - have fun for some reason
rowdy - showdown;
scurry - 1) go; 2) run away
give (catch, grab, grab) an oak - 1) die; 2) get very cold
move - see drive
tree - stupid person
rubbish - drink
rowdy - see rowdy
make legs - run away
wild - terrible
disco - disco
catch up - guess, understand
get bored - get bored
dubak - cold
woodpecker - 1) a person who does everything wrong; 2) not a very smart person
no brainer - very obvious
green fir trees, fir trees - an expression of dissatisfaction
to gasp - see to jerk
We live - everything is fine, good;
live in raspberries - live richly;
quit - stop doing something,throw something
fall in - come
load – attend to
drive - sell
tired - tired
Pledge - hand over
hostage - a person who betrays all the time
swept away - agreed
to stir up - to start some business
get carried away - get carried away
to refuel - to manage
show up - reveal, reveal oneself
detect - catch someone at an inconvenient moment
to stock up - to purchase something prudently
check out - evaluate
green – young, inexperienced
taps - see pipe
press (spin) the pedals - move
cad - funny or strange person
get a buzz - enjoy
to hang around - to wait, to waste time in vain
roll a barrel - show aggression towards someone
kipesh - scandal, noise, vanity
pussy is a very beautiful girl
to sour - to be sad
cool - great, excellent
cool - good, excellent
cool - see cool
glue - flirt, make acquaintances
pick your brain - think
sausage, sausage - a state in which a person is having fun, enjoying it to the fullest
compost brains - boring, moral influence
throw away skates - die
dig - 1) gather slowly; 2) look for something
throw away the hooves - see throw away the skates
mow - pretend
jamb - something done incorrectly
screws - sad result
cool - great
roof - protection
crap - not true, nonsense
left - bad, superfluous
sucker - worthless person
to go astray - see to fly
blurt out - say something out of place
maza – thought
raspberry - happiness
makhach - fight
loom - flash before your eyes
cop - policeman
knead - to beat someone not alone
throw - throw
Mouzon - music
get - find
to drip on the brain - to irritate
run into - find yourself in a dangerous position
get - find
assault - filing a claim, threat, use of violence, infringement of someone’s rights
cover up - break down
drip - see lay
scribble - write
to pin - to deceive
lather up - get ready; mean; go
tension - difficult situation
strain - force something to be done
run into - bump into
knock - see lay
to play - to do something with interest
off topic - out of time
no luck - no luck
not weak - good, interesting
good - good
duck - hide
stunned - fool
bummer - I don’t want to, I’m lazy
break off - see fly by
stub - a young man of unattractive appearance, stupid and awkward
christen - 1) name; 2) hit
to die - to die
to swell - to get tired, to become mentally tired
promptly - quickly
fuck off - leave me alone
throw away your skates - die
lean back - 1) relax; 2) die
to switch off - see to pass out
pry off - see pluck
soak - do something
have fun - have fun
awesome, awesome - great
pass out - see pass out
have fun - have fun
sucks - something horrible, something bad
relax - have a good rest
unhook - fall behind
parallel - no matter
herd - follow
turn the arrows - make excuses
to cross - to go very far
by foot - on foot
saw - 1) go; 2) see drip on the brain (morally influence)
drove - nickname, nickname
show off - demonstrate one's superiority
to feel sick - about deteriorating health
pig house, pigsty - littered room
come down - come up
tease - make fun of someone
make a fuss - hurry up
tease - see tease
lucky (jarg) – lucky
joke - 1) object of curiosity; 2) something or someone worthy of attention
cool - great, great
outfit - clothes
cling to - cuddle up
attach - attach something to something
struck for something - pulled towards something (to laugh, etc.)
we passed - please forget this or that phrase
miss - miss the moment
fly by - experience a strong feeling of dissatisfaction from unfulfilled expectations
squander - spend money
enlighten - inform about something
prosech - 1) find out; 2) understand
cannon - see barrel
nickel - nose
swindle for money - demand money
rant - tell
smear on the wall - hit very hard
soak - break, break
spread - see soak
play cards - play cards
turnip - see tower
tears a turnip - see demolishes a tower
speech push - tell something
cackle - see cackle
to struggle - to twitch
growl - swear
relatives, relatives, ancestors - parents
to fall from an oak tree - to go crazy
get off - leave
hang down - 1) steal; 2) call
drive - run for something
jump - jump from something high
sidushnik - CD player
go crazy - go completely wild
delicious - see cool
snoop - hide
send off - send off
float - see drive
calm down - calmly
scary - bad
gun barrel
sure - exactly
play the box - die
squander money - spend money uselessly
chatter - gossip
chatter - talk
pipe - 1) kinescope; 2) cell phone; 3) unfavorable ending
talk - talk
wheelbarrow - car
topic - something interesting, funny
push - see drive
push - toilet
stomp - go
drown - 1) fail an exam; 2) slow down - see slow-witted
slow down - slow down
hang around - have fun
exactly - exactly
crack - eat
slow-witted - a person who thinks poorly and takes a long time
party - company
cackle - see cackle
awesome - awesome
to be confused - to be perplexed
bullshit - nonsense; fenya - something uninteresting
feature - see topic
eat - eat
freebie - something received for free
https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Research work “Purity of Russian speech” Municipal budgetary educational institution - main comprehensive school With. Lyubimovo
RELEVANCE OF THE TOPIC The most important feature of the modern Russian literary language is its purity, which means that the composition of the literary language dictionary is strictly selected from the general treasury of the national language; the meaning and use of words, pronunciation, spelling, and the formation of grammatical forms follow a generally accepted pattern. The relevance of this topic is obvious. How often in everyday life, from television screens, on the radio and from the lips of our politicians and public figures, we hear violations of the norms of the literary language.
STAGES OF WORK: definition of the concept of “purity of speech”; analysis of the most common speech disorders; observation of the use in speech of vocabulary that is outside the Russian literary language by people of different categories: schoolchildren, teachers, village residents.
COLLECTIVE WORDS Russian colloquial vocabulary includes sharply reduced words that are outside the literary norm: forms containing a positive assessment of the named concepts ("hard worker", "brainy", etc.); forms characterized by simplicity, rudeness and usually serving to express sharp negative assessments: “stunned” (tired), “fooled” (deceived), “dreary” (unpleasant), “dirty” (dirty), “in the middle of nowhere”, “neither skin nor face”, etc.; colloquial grammatical forms of words: “to save”, “lecturer”, “cake”, colloquial pronunciation of commonly used words: “means”, “briefcase”, “secretary”, etc.
FOREIGN WORDS Foreign words can be divided into two groups: some are useful, denoting new concepts and previously unknown objects, others are useless, duplicating existing native Russian names, and therefore not enriching, but clogging speech. At the same time, replacing a foreign word with Russian synonyms is not always equivalent, and sometimes impossible.
JARGONISM Jargon is a social type of speech used by a narrow circle of native speakers, united by common interests, occupations, and position in society. In the modern Russian language, youth jargon, or slang, is distinguished (English Slang - words and expressions used by people of certain professions or age groups), professional jargon, and camp jargon is also used in places of deprivation of liberty.
DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW ON JARGONISM Academician D.S. Likhachev insisted that jargon is not only primitive speech, it also reflects primitive consciousness. L.P. Krysin notes, first of all, the positive aspects of this variety of language: “The linguistic essence of all these varieties is the same: playing with and with words, metaphorizing verbal meanings in order to create expressive, emotionally charged means of linguistic expression.”
OFFICIALIZATIONS Elements of official business style, unjustifiably used outside of it, are called officialisms. These include characteristic words and expressions (presence, absence, to date, etc.), many verbal nouns (taking, bloating, understaffing, etc.), denominal prepositions (in business, along the line, due to etc.). Formulations replete with bureaucracy and speech cliches help to avoid direct conversation on sensitive topics and call a spade a spade. Officialism penetrates not only bookish, but also colloquial speech, in which one can sometimes note absurd combinations of stylistically incompatible words.
RESEARCH RESULTS
CITY COMPETITION OF SOCIAL PROJECTS
“FROM CREATION OF A PROJECT – TO PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT”
Nomination:“To be able to help, to know in order to protect...”
Direction: prevention of the use of profanity, jargon and excessive teenage slang in speech
Topic: “We are for the purity of the Russian language”
3rd class,
MBOU SOSH ZATO Vidyaevo
Supervisor:
Pantas Nina Vasilievna, teacher primary classes,
ZATO Vidyaevo
2016
INTRODUCTION
ChapterI . PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
1. 1 Reasons for using profanity, jargon, and teenage slang in speech.................................................... ........................................................ ........................................................ .....21. 2 Brief summary of the project.................................................... ........................................................ .2
MAIN PART
ChapterII . PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
2.1. Objective of the project…............................................... ........................................................ ...............2 - 3
2.2. Objectives of the project…………………………………………………………………………………......... .2 - 3
ChapterIII . PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1. Relevance................................................. ........................................................ ....................3
3.2. Legal legality of actions during
project………………………………………………………………………………………….............. .4
3.3. Stages of project implementation………………………………………………………………......4
3.4. Forms of work on the project……………………………………….……......4 - 5
3.5. Scientific and methodological work........................................................................................... 5
3.6. Logistics………………………………………………………......5 - 6
3.7. Control, inspection and analytical work …………………........................6
3.8. Interaction with parents, with each other, with Murmansk organizations
area……………………………………………………………………...... ........................6
3.9. Project Implementation Plan........................................................ .....................................6 - 8
CONCLUSION
Chapter 1V . RESULTS
4.1. Expected result…………………………………………………………………………………8
4.2. Prospects for the development of the project………………………………………………………................................8
4.3. Assessing the success of the project……………………………………………………………...8 - 9
Useful Resources: ………….....................................................................................................9
APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
ChapterI . PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
1.1. Reasons for using profanity, jargon, and teenage slang in speech:
a) to achieve a certain social status in a group based on the acceptance of its social and moral values; b) for fun and pleasure; c) to demonstrate the sharpness of your mind; d) in order to avoid the everyday banality of using words in a literary language, the desire for greater expressiveness of speech;e) to attract attention to one’s own person;f) to perform a secret function; social community;g) to create your own speech mask.
1.2. Project abstract
Our project “We are for the purity of the Russian language!” is aimed at updating the problem of the existence of profanity, jargon and excessive teenage slang in the speech of students primary school and relationships modern society to this “rejuvenated” reality.
In our project, we want to provide an opportunity for our peers to think about and discuss the problem of the existence in the Russian language of words that are not included in traditional dictionaries, which are not recommended to be used in public speech, including when communicating at school and in public places.
We are confident that our verbal promiscuity plays an important role in our formation, in our intellectual development, for our health. Today schoolchildren, youth, adult men and women do not swear, but speak. Mat is spread by the media and cinema. Jargon and slang impoverish our speech.
With our project we want to attract the attention of everyone, and above all schoolchildren, to the problem of that part of the vocabulary that until some time was considered indecent, and a publicly spoken phrase cost a person the loss of authority and was punishable by a fine or punishment in the form of detention for 15 days.
Project directed studying the possibilities of the rich literary Russian language, for the prevention and prevention of “pollution” of our speech, for intolerance towards such words. He covers important aspects of working on our speech, historical roots and includes forms of work that are interesting and accessible to students. His originality the fact that children themselves can directly see the mistakes of others, analyze them, and look for solutions to prevent these mistakes. The teacher has developed technologies to prevent “pollution” of the Russian language. Activities during the project occur in a non-edifying manner. Each project participant feels his importance in this work and understands that the success of others depends on his success. For this reason, each project participant performs everything conscientiously and consciously. The project is viable and has prospects for development.
The project is designed for 1 year
MAIN PART
ChapterII . PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
2.1. Objective of the project:2.2.Project objectives:
formation of a positive speech culture among students.
a) draw attention to the problem of profanity and purity of the Russian language;
b) develop a respectful attitude towards others;
c) determine the role of words borrowed from other languages;
d) introduce students to archaisms and neologisms;
e) instill in students the desire for beauty and correctness of Russian speech;
f) increase the level of communication culture among the younger generation.
ChapterIII . PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1. Relevance
The ability to express one’s thoughts clearly and clearly, to speak competently, logically, figuratively, the ability to capture the attention of listeners is a unique characteristic of a cultured person who evokes the sympathy of others and is able to adapt in society. We all know how important a culture of speech behavior is for a good future for a growing person. Of course, the formation of competent speech depends on many factors: family, culture of upbringing, environment and, of course, education, the desire of the individual to improve himself.IN Lately observed sharp drop general speech culture. Problems of language have long gone beyond the scope of philology and are aligned with other general spiritual problems of society; speech becomes not only a means of communication, but also a powerful energy charge that has a hidden impact on the human psyche and the entire world around us.
Tongue-tiedness, negligence, and inaccuracy in the selection of words to express thoughts are amazing; we use words without even thinking about the appropriateness of their use. On the pages of periodicals, mass literature, jargon, colloquial elements and other non-literary means poured into the speech of educated people: piece, stolnik, lemon, green, bucks, wash etc. The words have become commonly used even in official speech: party, hanging out, showdown, mayhem and many others. An equally striking feature of today’s linguistic development can be considered the clogging of speech with borrowings. Borrowings have become not just buzzwords in the speech of schoolchildren: show (spectacle), display (screen), hit (hit), but necessary... What can we say about the “contact” beloved by many students, which gives the opportunity for free communication online? Yes, this is interesting, however, if abbreviated words, convenient for quick communication, are used in oral or even written speech, at least it causes bewilderment among listeners. And how can we understand the words “me”, “cha”, “lyu”, often used by children? Are there not enough clear, pure words in our language that are understandable to every person and do not require replacement? It hurts that an invisible, at first glance, hobby, abbreviation of words, careless use of them leads to lack of culture, impoverishment of vocabulary, belittlement of personal dignity...
And the use of profanity in the speech of schoolchildren, even primary school children!
That is why the problem of preserving the purity, lexical richness of the Russian language, the possibility of using it artistic means for the development of society culture. Possession of speech etiquette contributes to the acquisition of authority, generates trust and respect. Knowing the rules of speech etiquette and observing them allows a person to feel confident and at ease, not feel embarrassed due to incorrect actions, and avoid ridicule from others.
And the most important role in this is given to the school...
3.2. Legal validity of proposals and actions during the project
Before work on the project begins, a presentation is made to the parents of the students. brief information about the project and obtaining their consent for the cooperation of children, for children to work with parents on the Internet, for the publication of texts and other developments made collectively or by the child individually, as well as photographs of children in the collective handwritten book “We are for the purity of the Russian language.”.
3.3. Project implementation stages
PreparatoryBasic
Final
WithSeptember - October
November - April
May
preparing the base for execution
project
all the main work to bring the project to life: collecting and preparing material, class hours, class events, open lesson“We are for the purity of the Russian language”, familiarization with dictionaries, participation in “Dictionary Day”, studying the historical roots of profanity, borrowed words, neologisms, archaisms, jargon, youth slang, studying the culture of other peoples (Sami culture), excursions, participation in competitions (even international ones), acquaintance with the works of Russian writers and poets, which help to feel the beauty of the Russian language, close contact with the IBO ZATO Viyadevo in order to instill a love of books, enrich the speech of schoolchildren, etc...
publication and presentation of a book, generalization of experience, printing of developments on the Internet, "Vestnik Vidyaevo", trip to a holiday Slavic culture and writing in Murmansk.
3.4. Forms of work on the project
Our project has become a part of children's lives, because it is interesting and viable. The project involves the following complementary forms of work:
passive forms workactive forms of work
work on the purity of the Russian language, its enrichment in lessons, in the course academic disciplines: Russian language, literary reading and others;
essay competition “We are for the purity of the Russian language”;
class hours, conversations;
participation in various poetry competitions (classroom, school-wide)
use of Internet space;
cool watch;
meetings with interesting people;
independent collection of material;
release and presentation of the book “We are for the purity of the Russian language”;
reading fiction.
We study the culture of other peoples (Sami culture) - a trip to the village of Sam-Syit; With
comparing two cultures;
printing developments on the Internet;
conversations;
holiday trip Slavic writing and culture in Murmansk;
publication of an article in Vestnik Vidyaevo;
cooperation with municipal and cultural institution of ZATO Vidyaevo;
participation in Dictionary Day;
participation in the XX International Children's Handwritten Book Competition;
cool events aimed at expanding the reader's horizons, enriching the Russian language and intolerance to the “clogging” of the language;
activities within the circle “I am a reader” and “I am a researcher”.
3.5. Scientific and methodological work
This:
conversations between teachers and parents about the need to enrich and purify the Russian language for schoolchildren;providing methodological assistance to parents in instilling a love of reading in children and expanding their reading horizons;
creating and updating a page in methodical corner.
3.6. Logistics support
Logistics support involves updating the page in the methodological corner, allocating funds for the creation of a handwritten book, funds for a trip to the festival of Slavic writing and culture, prizes for the winners of various games and competitions. All funds are allocated by parents.
Estimate:
Name
Price (average)
Quantity
Price
Tools for handwritten books
500, 0
500, 0
Tools for the page in the methodological corner
200, 0
200, 0
Funds for a trip to Murmansk
300, 0
6 300, 0
Funds for a trip to the village of Sam-Syit
1000, 0
21 000
Prizes
1050, 0
Total
29 050, 0
3.7. Control, inspection and analytical work
This work is to analyze the causes and conditions, the contamination of the Russian language, the poverty of students’ speech, tracking changes in students’ speech during the work on the project, this is the work of selecting the found material and designing the pages of the book. All project participants are involved in this work, with a clear delineation of the tasks of each participant.
3.8. Interaction with parents, with each other, organizations of the Murmansk region
Interaction with each other and parents implies joint participation in ongoing activities.
Interaction with other organizations (MEC DOD “Lapland”, MBO ZATO Vidyaevo, etc.) are joint events: participation in competitions of these organizations, visiting exhibitions on this topic, etc. (Involvement in cooperation with these organizations as these organizations announce events on the specified topic).
3.10. Project Implementation Plan
PreparatoryBasic
Final
September October
November - April
May
Preparing the base for the project:
The main work to bring the project to life:
1. Printing developments on the Internet (as they are completed).
2. Participation in reading competitions (as they are held).
3. Visiting exhibitions related to the culture of the Russian language"
4. Every week we listen to audio recordings of Russian writers performed by masters of words, and read the proposed works.
5. We work (regularly) on creating handwritten books:
"We are for the purity of the Russian language"
"My strong little people"
6. Cooperation with IBO ZATO Vidyaevo, MOC DOD "Lapland"
1. Generalization of experience.
2. Release and presentation of the book “We are for the purity of the Russian language”
During the preparatory periodWe observe the speech of our peers, test our classmates on the topic “Your attitude towards profanity, slang words. What do you think about your speech and the speech of your classmates and friends!
1. Trip to the village of Sam - Syyt
14 September 2016
1. Choosing a theme,
coordination with parents, distribution of responsibilities.
1. Essay competition "We are for the purity of the Russian language"
2. Participation in the school-wide reading competition “This is my homeland”
3. History of profanity, jargon, youth slang.
1. Trip to Murmansk for the holiday of Slavic culture and writing
2. Publication of an article in "Vestnik Vidyaevo" "Russian language is our wealth"
1. Solving legal issues. 2. Solving financing issues.
1. Open event during the primary school week "Visiting the Sami"
1. Solving cooperation issues.
Conversations:
Cool watch(one class hour per class, starting from November 2016):
1. "The power of words"
2. "You and your speech"
3. “They are greeted by their clothes, they are seen off by their minds”
4. "To learn to speak beautifully..."
5. "A book is your best friend."
6. "Poets and writers of our time"
7. "Great Russian writers and poets"
Creating a page in a cool teaching corner.
We study archaisms.
intellectual and educational game “We are for the purity of the Russian language”;
Meeting with interesting people (LITO "Flashes")
We study neologisms.
We study borrowed words.
Cool event "Madam, please allow me"
Holiday "Like the Old Time"
Educational game “Own game. Russian language and literature."
1. Game "Verbal battles"
1. Summing up “What our speech has become”
1. Participation in XX international children's handwritten book competition
CONCLUSION
ChapterV . RESULTS
5.1. Expected Result
1. The implementation of the program will make the speech of schoolchildren more beautiful and rich, and will begin to develop intolerance to the “pollution” of Russian speech
2. Children’s reading activity will begin to increase and their interest in books will increase.
3. Children will have the opportunity to communicate more easily in any society, without using “newfangled words” in their speech.
4. Students will have the opportunity to learn the culture of the indigenous people of the Kola North and will begin to respect any world culture.
5.2. Project development prospects
Children will be able to present the handwritten book “We are for the purity of the Russian language” to other school students, participate in competitions with it, attract like-minded people into their ranks, begin to appreciate their language, and enrich their speech.
5.3. Project success assessment
The project is aimed at achieving practical results. This is evidenced by the effectiveness of actions to implement the project. The main positive value is put at the head of the project - identifying the problem to adults and willingly including adults in the implementation of the project, creating motivation for children and adults that meets the needs of children. During the implementation of the project, other positive values were used, described in the chapters of the project and wisely selected taking into account age characteristics elementary school students.
The project or its individual technologies (some technologies were developed by the project leader) can be successfully used by other groups of students.
The project is original for its practical solutions: family participation, collective creativity, use of Internet materials, etc.
The project is viable because it is relevant. It was built taking into account the real capabilities and resources of the municipal budgetary educational institution secondary school ZATO Vidyaevo.
Useful resources:
1. https://deti-online.com/skazki/rasskazy-prishvina/ - Stories by M. Prishvin for children
2. https://www.tikitoki.ru/stihi-dlya-detey/poezija-sergeja-esenina-detjam - Poetry of S. Yesenin for children
3. http://www.4egena100.info/olimpiada/citaty.html - quotes from great writers about the Russian language
4. http://festival.1september.ru/articles/511075/ - Workshop for parents of young children preschool age"Teach children to speak correctly"
5. http://www.krupenichka.ru/ustarevshie-slova/slovar-ustarevshih-slov.htmlDictionary of obsolete words
6. http://likbez24.ru/index.php/leksika/item/246-leksicheskij-slovarik - Lexical (explanatory) dictionary of neologisms
7. http://www.studfiles.ru/preview/6311366/page:34/ - Dictionary of teenage slang
8. http://slavculture.ru/mir/1178-mat-v-russkom-yazyke.html - Where did swear words come from in the Russian language?
APPLICATIONS
Abstract "For the purity of the Russian language"
I. Introduction.. We cannot predict how our word will respond.. Profanity.. Conclusion.
Introduction
The current state of the Russian language in Russia causes concern among professional linguists, linguists, writers, and the country's President V.V. Putin. I felt this concern while on All-Russian Olympiad in Moscow, in a speech to the participants of the Olympiad by V.P. Sinyachkin, candidate of philological sciences, associate professor, head of the Russian language department of the Institute of Foreign Languages, RUDN University, in addresses to the Minister of Education Fursenko, students of Russian schools.
The linguistic culture of Russians, especially young people, is far from those literary norms adhered to by A.S. Pushkin, the creator of the Russian literary language, I.S. Turgenev, a subtle connoisseur of the “great and beautiful,” L.N. Tolstoy, who has excellent skills convey complex shades of the characters’ feelings.
The rich, sparkling, original language of our people, the polished, beautiful, rich, deep language of our Russian writers and poets is in danger because the so-called profanity, which makes up two to three percent of our literature, has become dominant in the modern Russian language.
Deep thoughts about the state of our Russian language prompted me to take up this essay. My work is based on materials encyclopedic dictionary young literary critic, philologist, auditioned at school elective courses in the Russian language, works by Babaytsev and Ladyzhenskaya, Bragina and Sinyachkin.
With my work I want to attract the attention of my classmates, my peers to this problem, to awaken in them national self-awareness, to help them understand that the emerald scattering of native literature will only defeat the linguistic husk when it illuminates everyone’s soul with its rare radiance.
It is not possible for us to predict how our word will respond
Russian slang term
Good and evil, brave and timid, wise and stupid, sincere and deceitful, solemn and ordinary - all this is about the word, with the help of which you can confess love and reproach hatred, praise beauty and denounce ugliness, talk about heroism and betrayal, depict light and darkness, holidays and everyday life, joy and sadness, youth and old age. With the help of words you can give hope and instill disappointment, convince of greatness and humiliate to hatred. Words can hurt, or they can uplift. It is impossible to fully realize what an amazing tool we have for expressing our thoughts and moods.
It is difficult to say at what age a person realizes that to solve all problems, large and small, there is an excellent tool - language. It seems to me that I realized this with the first glimpse of my childhood consciousness, when I submitted to the magic of sonorous words: mom, give me, I want. I realized that the semantic essence of these words satisfies my primary needs.
I grew up, and my language grew with me, the beautiful Russian language. I was “fed” with it from birth, from the cradle I heard the purest Russian speech from the fairy tales of A.S. Pushkin, I absorbed these wonderful native words into myself, they just came to me and tenderly fell into my soul.
My native language, the language of my favorite poets and writers, helped me see the gray threads of rain on a cloudy autumn day, the delicate stalk and blue bell of a snowdrop, a school of cranes in the azure sky. I saw it and was amazed! Without him, without the Russian language, I would have remained mute and deaf to these beauties.
Profanity
Unfortunately, now for this rich and beautiful language it's time hard time; There is a moral degradation of society, a depressingly low level of spirituality is observed.
This is directly reflected in the language. From TV screens, on the radio, on city streets we hear reduced, vulgar, rude speech, bordering on criminal jargon, simplified to the extreme of vulgar taste! Our “great and mighty” Russian language is threatened by four problems:
Contamination with terms and phrases of foreign origin.
Increasing use of slang words and phrases in Russian speech.
Refusal of neighboring countries to study the Russian language.
Restriction of its use as one of the world languages of international communication.
Original words and expressions disappear, new, but at the same time alien concepts appear. You can not do it this way! We are Russians (and even earlier, Russians), and have always been distinguished by the beauty and melodiousness of our speech. It is not clear why we so bow down to everything foreign and unjustifiably use words that can be replaced by Russian equivalents.
It’s probably worth learning from the French, who impose hefty fines for any public violations of the norms of the national language, for encroaching on it with the threat of foreignness. Poland conducts nationwide knowledge tests native language. Very conservative in the sense of protection from all sediment remains German. AND similar examples There are a lot of them in civilized countries.
Our native language is dying and decomposing. And since it is not only a means of communication, but also a custodian of culture, the culture itself is destroyed.
Recently, all channels broadcast a story about how the governor of the Ulyanovsk region gave apparatchiks of all levels exams in the Russian language. Right! Sometimes it is embarrassing to hear speeches by government officials who violate the norms of literary language. But it’s not exams that are needed, but systematic work elevated to the rank public policy saving language.
Due to my age and inexperience, I cannot imagine this system of work, but I understand that it should cover kindergartens and schools, libraries and leisure centers, television and the press, higher educational establishments and authorities, parents, students, writers, cultural figures, politicians.
Increase the number of Russian language lessons in high schools.
Draw the attention of the Ministry of Education to the textbooks used by schoolchildren. They should be beautiful in form and smart, deep in content.
Expand the range of popular science programs on linguistics.
Make classic works of world literature accessible to every family.
Limit access to slang, vulgar words, and dummy words on television, on the pages of magazines and newspapers.
There should be more youth shows on television, from which it would be clear that speaking correct Russian is fashionable, because we, young people, are susceptible to fashion.
Conduct more lessons and interesting events on speech culture in schools.
We need to instill a love of language among citizens and, first of all, among modern youth, in order to show the role of the Russian language on the world stage and in interstate relations.
The general struggle, namely the struggle, for the purity of the native language will yield results if not the year of the Russian language, but the century of the Russian language is declared in the country.
Conclusion
It is difficult to overestimate the role of the Russian language, both in the life of an individual and in the life of our entire large country. It is truly enormous: the Russian language unites people, preserves and passes on cultural values to future generations, and sets directions scientific research, it supports, grows and enlivens our self-awareness.
Understanding this makes us all more careful and caring about general culture native word and remember the need to improve your own speech. Everyone needs to cultivate a taste for good music and painting.
In the process of working on the essay, I realized this even more deeply, I realized for myself that correct, error-free speech is best characteristic educated person. And therefore, as far as my age, my knowledge, my strength allows, I will promote the great Russian word.
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