RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TURNS INTO A LANGUAGE WITHOUT RUSSIAN WORDS?
(Or could A.S. Pushkin understand what shampoo and conditioner is?)

Treasures of the native word, -
Important minds will notice -
For someone else's babble
We neglected madly.
We love the Muses of other people's toys,
Alien dialects rattles,
We don't read our own books...
(A.S. Pushkin)

These thoughts of A.S. Pushkin about the native language sound today as topical as possible and put before us very important and urgent questions regarding the future of our language, since that insane disregard for the native word, which the poet speaks of, has not disappeared anywhere in the years that have separated us, but has only multiplied into a hundred times “Alien babbling” has become something everyday, mundane, and from the desire to show off and somehow stand out has become an integral feature of our speech, and love for “alien dialects of rattles” today takes on inflated, ridiculous outlines and is perceived as the presence of education. It becomes more and more obvious that the deeper this “babble” penetrates into our speech, the further we move away from the “treasures of the native word”, and the more we break away from our native roots. But the roots of the language form its basis and are the essence and heart of the language. If a language breaks away from its roots, is it possible to speak of some kind of its development? And is this fascination with foreign dialects so harmless for our language, as they try to convince us? Many of our well-known writers and cultural figures said that no, not harmless, but very harmful and threatening the existence of the Russian language as such.

I would like to draw the attention to this issue of all those who are not indifferent to the fate of the Russian language. After all, what we hear today defies any common sense and looks like some kind of game “Come on, surprise me.” Watching the news is confusing. It is sometimes difficult to understand the language of our ministers, journalists, TV presenters and scientists. I would like to ask these gentlemen: "For whom are you saying all this, in what language?" If dictionaries of foreign words are required to understand this language, then can such a language be called Russian and how can ordinary people understand this language? We turn on the TV, and within 24 hours a day we are told: “We are diversifying the economy, restructuring, monitoring, creating a venture fund, etc.” Broadcasting is no better. We leave the house on the street, and nothing changes here: names and signs not in Russian are turned to us from all sides. Sometimes you think: “How could the owners of these establishments come up with such names? What are they, aliens? Here, any person may have a question: in what country does he live, if he is forced to only guess about the meaning of the words he heard and saw? How, for example, should we understand the message about the creation of "recreational zones", "recreational activities"? What is it about and what is hidden behind these foreign words? I looked into English-Russian dictionary. It turned out that "recreational areas" are just "places to relax." What happens to us if the word "rest" is already replaced by "recreation"? In general, our news is broadcast to all people or not? Someone should think about it?

But not only officials are able to surprise us with novelties in foreign languages, people of art are also not far behind. They supplement our speech with various "installations", "performances" and "castings". The word "creativity" among "creative" people has turned into "creative" (Eng. Creative) and, accordingly, the word "creative" - ​​into "creative". This can be understood if you look into the English-Russian dictionary. Creators, creative directors, creative producers, etc. have appeared. For example, it is not clear to me, what is the need for the word "interactive" (eng. Interaction)? There is “interactive voting”, “interactive poll”, and also “interactive dictionaries”, it turns out, there is. What do people who use such words want to show? The fact that they were listeners of English broadcasts and now, like little children, imitate foreign presenters in everything? Probably so? If we translate the word "interactive" from English, then it is "interacting". With "interactive voting" people just vote and that's it. Who interacts with whom? Unknown. One could say that this is an open, broad, direct, quick, universal or public vote, and everyone would understand. Maybe the word "voting" will soon be replaced by "voting" from the English "voting"? After all, there is “casting” or “shopping”, let there be also “voting”. Someone will say: “What nonsense? Everything is fine, why listen to this nonsense? But all this is not fiction, everyone can see it. I began to pay attention to what and how we say. And I came to the conclusion that the Russian language had been worked on so much that soon it could be called Russian with a big stretch. Just like that. It turns out that we were deceived when they said that the great and mighty Russian language is very rich, flexible, diverse and beautiful? Were the great Russian writers wrong when they sang the Russian language? If a language cannot produce anything new out of itself, but is forced to resort to foreign help, then what is its greatness? Or has the Russian language weakened, that it has become like a sick person or a cripple who needs support and crutches in the form of foreign words? But after all, relying on crutches, you will not gain dexterity and strength. Or maybe it's just the other way around? Is it not the language that has weakened, but these crutches are something artificially imposed, preventing free movement and development? After all, if we consider this question more carefully, it will become clear that the wealth of the Russian language has not disappeared anywhere, it has just been forgotten a little. And if we turn to this wealth (treasures of the language), it becomes clear that the Russian language can quite do without outside support. Moreover, this extraneous support is something foreign and really turns into crutches. Thus, the Russian language can be compared to a person who has healthy strength, but "caring" doctors want to put him in a foreign carriage and constantly inject some kind of injections with an incomprehensible name, from which only turbidity in the head, and the farther, the more . All these questions and comparisons are born from everyday observations. After all, the number of foreign words in our language is constantly increasing. Every now and then some new words appear, which begin to walk through the pages of newspapers and in news releases. And we are all forced to solve and translate the next word that came to the mind of some lover of foreign dialects. The native language gradually begins to lose its face, as it becomes not always clear. How can we be? Or should we sit down at a desk as a whole country and start learning several foreign languages, or will we still love, respect and develop our native language? After all, we have plenty of words, and if necessary, we can create new words (all peoples do this, except for today's us). But we are not talking about the creation of a new Russian word, we are replacing native Russian words with foreign ones. And such substitutions are considered a sign good education. It happens that you have to hear whole sentences in which there is not a single Russian word. It seems that this state of affairs cannot be called the natural, progressive development of the language, since little remains of the language itself. In fact, the Russian language is being destroyed and a new, artificial education is being created on its basis, which cannot be called Russian in any way. This new artificial language will break the connection with our historical heritage, as the language of this heritage will gradually become incomprehensible to us and, consequently, will become alien, dead. Someone will say that I "exaggerate", but I don't think so. I will try to explain the essence of this conclusion using examples from everyday life.

Recently, in his speech, one of the ministers said that some citizens have "alarmist" sentiments. I write as I heard. What is "alarmist"? Where does this unknown word come from? open English dictionary, I find "Alarm", which means "alarm" in translation. That is, the minister translated the Russian word "anxiety" into English and read it in Russian. It turns out that the minister wanted to say: "Anxious moods." But why did he change the Russian word "disturbing" to the incomprehensible "alarmist"? What is the meaning of such a replacement? Doesn't he care if his listeners understand or not? I don't find a reasonable explanation. Such replacements of Russian words can, of course, be perceived as some kind of learned or educated pampering, but today we clearly see that such pampering tends to accumulate in the language and can already influence the entire structure of the language. In general, pampering or games with foreign words are common among our officials today. This has already become some kind of class sign, and you can make a certain list of words that are constantly present in the speech of our managers. So, if you carefully examine our language, you will see that it already consists of 40 percent of such substitutes as “alarmist”, and we are gradually moving from Russian to an artificial language. Some Russian word is taken and pulled out like a brick, and a substitute is put in its place. So, brick by brick, you can disassemble the whole house. Gradually, of course. A huge number of foreign words in our language are the same meaningless substitutes as "alarmist". It seems that the ministers know English better than Russian, and when they speak Russian, they think in English. In stock they have a lot of "untranslatable" words into Russian. With our ministers, it turns out that the economy (Russian economy) cannot be diversified, diversified or reorganized in any way, it can only be “diversified” (Eng. Diversify). I also really liked the word “realization”, which actually translates perfectly into Russian, but our officials do not hold Russian in high esteem. I cannot explain why, while creating something new, our ministers do not want to call things in Russian words. It was no longer in their rules. But with the help of these foreign words it is very convenient to cover the fog and hide the true state of things. He said an incomprehensible word, and immediately it seems that you are busy solving the most important issues.

Once, from the lips of one employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, I heard the word "pedal". I was curious to know what it means. When searching for this word, the page opened at this place: “Intention for innovation (with a permanent change in the criteria for novelty), which found its expression in the pedaled accentuation of the metaphor “youth” in modernism; accentuated anti-traditionalism (up to postulating the significance of militant outrageousness, permanent rebellion and turning breaks with the previous tradition). This is just an ordinary excerpt from the encyclopedia of postmodernism. But this little passage is indicative of today's time. This is such a weak example of the language of the future. What comes to your mind when you read this passage? Are you happy about the enrichment of the Russian language with new foreign words? For whom are these encyclopedias written, if it is not given to everyone to understand what is written in them? Is this really the goal towards which the development of our language should go, and am I just not keeping up with this development? Any sane person may have a question: “Is this the Russian language or is it not already?”. But the defenders of foreign words are reliably on guard: “There is no need to interfere, everything will settle down and resolve itself. The language itself will cope with everything, there is no need to interfere with free development. This is an ordinary lie, nothing happens in our world itself. And the enterprise needs leadership, otherwise it will burn out, and the economy needs supervision, otherwise it will fall apart, and you won’t get the crop you need, and the child without attention can fall under bad influence. And we are offered, like ostriches, to hide our heads in the sand. These people talk about free development and at the same time disdain the Russian language. How else to explain that they do not want to use the Russian vocabulary and gladly grab everything else. It is honorable for them to use other people's reserves, but humiliating their own. As a rule, these people shout the loudest about freedom. They are sure in advance that nothing worthwhile can be created from their reserves and readily undertake to “sculpt” new words based on foreign roots. They immediately remember their favorite “wet shoes”. For example, I can offer a dozen words instead of “wet shoes” - choose to taste, but even the “wet shoes” themselves are no worse than the “sandals”, “pliers”, “flat feet”, “turtlenecks”, “machine gun” that are familiar to everyone today or "painting". Discussing "wet shoes", of course, is not the most important thing now, it is much more important to consider all those "innovations" that are breaking at our door and which have already accumulated with us for a long time. It's all about the amount of foreign language influence. But they say that “water wears away a stone”, and a cloud of cobwebs can kill a horse. It's like experimenting in chemistry. You take a vessel with a certain substance and start adding another substance to it drop by drop. When a certain ratio of substances is reached, a chemical transformation occurs, and the starting substances are no longer there. The solution changes color dramatically - there is another substance in the vessel. The same thing happens with the language, only the transformation is more extended in time. What at first seemed like a useful enrichment, over time began to pour out not into enrichment, but into an offensive. It would seem that the language will become from two three words? But foreign words began to consistently win back from the Russian language word by word. The offensive began to take place where the Russian language has its own very diverse choice of means for conveying the necessary meaning, and this choice is much richer and, most importantly, clearer than a foreign word. And in such cases, a foreign word does not enrich our language, but replaces a whole set of expressive Russian words. If you put a foreign word where you can speak Russian, then by doing this you contribute to the displacement of many native words from the language. This substitution occurs as if imperceptibly. According to M.V. Lomonosov, foreign words "sneak in to us insensibly, distort the own beauty of our language, subject it to constant change and incline to decline." Since any word has many uses in different life circumstances, lovers of foreign language seize on this. This is a lifesaver for them. They say that in some circumstances you can use a Russian word, and in others - a foreign one, so there is no such thing as a replacement for the Russian word. For example, they may tell you that you need to show tolerance for the pranks of your children, but tolerance is no longer suitable for the views of other people, here you need to say “tolerance”, and they say that this is a special tolerance, not like that (the rationale for this feature can be very different ). So some literate person will write out a word from someone else's dictionary, and after a while this word in the minds of our dreamers is already acquiring a special meaning.

But if a person has a fever and coughs, then our duty is to take care of him and help him, and not say: “Nothing will happen to you, you are strong, you will get out on your own.” We probably wouldn't tell our father like that. But the consequences of past illnesses are not in vain, a person’s health can remain undermined, although he still somehow walks and does something. This also applies to language. A person can ignore his child, what he does and with whom he communicates, and think that everything will work out by itself, and then find out that his child has become a criminal. Such is the price of imaginary freedom. There is something similar in the development of man and language. In both cases, we see that freedom without guardianship and care can lead not to development, but rather, on the contrary, to the destruction of this development. It is strange to think that a barbaric attitude to the vocabulary of any language can give that language anything useful. This can only lead to the disappearance of everything original and bright in the language. What is happening. The words “pedaling” and “permanent” mentioned above mean nothing to most of us, but once upon a time the words “implementation”, “information” or “situation” were wildness, and now we hear them every day. Maybe soon we will hear every day about the “pedaling” of issues or the “plurality” of development paths? After all, the seller on the market used to just sell goods, but now he can say that he “sold” it. Every day we hear about the "information" service in the news. Why not say "news service" because it reports the news? We used to say: "I got into an unpleasant situation, the situation in the city is calm, under the given circumstances." And for any Russian person, everything here is extremely clear and understandable. Now the words "position", "situation" and "circumstances" are replaced by a foreign "situation" (English Situation, French Situation from Latin Situatio - position). Where did this word come from? This is just a translation of the Russian "position" into English, it was pulled out of a foreign language and began to be used instead of Russian words. Initially, someone's whim became widespread. Those wishing to turn our language into a multilingual mess can be found already in the 18th century. You can read from Sumarokov: “I was told that once a German woman of the Moscow German settlement said: Mein husband, kam home, stieg through the fence und fiel ins dirt. This is funny; Yes, and this is funny: I'm in distraction and desespere; My Amantha made me infidelity; and I’m going to revanch in my own way.” This does not remind you of today's "castings", "shopping", "monitoring", "interactive", "creatives", "losers", etc. But if then such savagery and eccentricities did not go beyond the palace living rooms and parties of high society, then today the situation is completely different. There was television, radio, newspapers. And from the mouths of TV presenters, various and all kinds of puzzles, curiosities and quirks are pouring on us. One speaks foreign words in order to look educated and modern, the second in imitation of the first, the third in order to keep up with both the first and the second, the fourth thinks that this is how it should be. And so the whole cycle went on. And then you look, and we no longer remember how to say it in Russian, since foreign phrases become some kind of bundles and seals in our minds. You begin to carefully look at your native language and see that the once independent and beautiful language is turning into some kind of bizarre stucco molding glued together from multilingual pieces. A simple question arises: “What do we have, instead of mother tongue want to mold something like the creation of Dr. Frankenstein or Dr. Morro?

One woman asked me: “Tell me, please, what is an inauguration?” I explained how I understand this word. She asked another question that I could have asked too: “Why don’t they speak Russian, because half of them are incomprehensible?” But everything can be said in Russian. These substitutes accumulated at first gradually, then like a snowball. Scientists are now telling us that the Russian language borrowed a lot of words from other languages. This is such a general, vague conclusion. In fact, today it is clearly seen that the Russian language has been so “enriched” with foreign words that soon there will be no place left for native Russian words in our language. But how does this borrowing actually take place, in each individual case? The language itself does not borrow anything, everything is done by people. How, for example, did the word “administration” come to us? After all, it cannot be said that before that we did not have any state institutions. It is unlikely that this word was borrowed by the people in the course of communication with foreigners. In fact, everything is quite simple. Some individual official who had been abroad or simply an admirer of England or Germany decided to call government agencies "administrations" on a foreign model (perhaps there are more successful examples). It doesn't matter that we had our own Russian names, the main thing is that now it will be like they have in Europe. After some time, we already see the word "administration" in the Russian dictionary. But the word "administration" is perfectly translated into Russian as "government" or "management". What is the need for "administration"? Now we have to hear that we are engaged not in “management”, but in “administration”. Therefore, most foreign words appeared in our country not because of some need for these words, but because of the passion for European orders (some with servility) of individual representatives of power, science, the upper classes, the “writing fraternity”. There was indeed a lot to learn in Europe, but there is no need to call government or management "administration". In the same way, the word "mayor", "municipality", "department" and others appeared. Farming has become somewhat out of date. The word "economy" was replaced by a foreign "economy" (Eng. Economics). It is quite another thing, now you are not ashamed of the poor Russian language. "Public issues" was changed to "social (Eng. Social) issues." But why? What's wrong with native language? Many words have become familiar to us for a long time. Already now, when we speak, these substitute words come to our mind first of all, and only then, if we think carefully, we may remember the original Russian word. We have “natural” honey, “Intensive” movement, “Personal” responsibility, “Complex” lunch, etc. mind to say "absolute" (eng. Absolute) or "stable" (eng. Stability), than "perfect", "unconditional" or "steady". Now they will not say “sustainable development”, but they will say “stable development”. We don't say "especially" or "on purpose" now, we say "specially" (English Special). We do not "eliminate the consequences" of something, but carry out "liquidation (eng. Liquidation) of consequences." We say "proportional" instead of the Russian "proportional". The word "natural" in translation into English is "Natural". And everything that is natural has become "natural". Instead of “natural ingredients”, we have “natural ingredients” everywhere (eng. Ingredient), “natural components” (eng. Component), there is also a “natural concept of beauty”, etc. The word "guarantee" was replaced by a foreign "guarantee" (Eng. Guarantee). Everywhere we solve not problems or questions, but problems (eng. Problem). The word "problem" has become one of the most used, it is inserted for any occasion. But it didn't happen before. Also, any difficulty or trouble is also called a “problem”. It turns out that the Russian words "question", "task", "nuisance", "difficulty", "difficulty", "complexity" are replaced by one word - "problem". Is it language enrichment? The fewer words, the better? It is not only obvious to me that the use of unnecessary foreign words greatly narrows and impoverishes the vocabulary of Russian words in a person. It happens that one foreign word displaces a dozen Russian words from the language.

There are many examples of substitutes for Russian words. There are thousands of them. These words are now familiar to everyone, they are everywhere, but once upon a time they were a curiosity, as now, for example, the word "alarmist". Future generations will not remember Russian words at all (after all, they look at a computer, not at books). These words can be found in dictionaries marked (obsolete) or (obsolete). These substitutes are formed very simply. I'll give you an example. There is a Russian word "real" or "valid", in English "Real". We read “Real” letter by letter and add the Russian ending, we get a new word - “real”. The substitute is ready, it was “real”, it became “real”. Now, for example, no one will say "a real event", but they will say "a real event". There is no point in this replacement, it has not enriched the Russian language in any way. This is one small brick that has taken the place of Russian words. And what do we have now? Doctors have a real effect, the president has real candidates, bandits have real boys or real showdowns, etc. This word has long been introduced into our language, and they are well accustomed to it. “The Tale of a Real Man” by B. Polevoy should be called in a new way “The Tale of real person ". The same with the word "special" or with the word "situation". In the dictionary of V.I. Dahl has neither "stability" nor "situation". This does not mean that then there was not what we today call "stability" or "situation", it's just that then it was called in Russian. The Russian word "representation" is also falling out of use. He is nowhere to be heard. Instead, the English word "show" is everywhere. There are talk shows, reality shows, showmen, a news show has recently appeared. Shows are everywhere, even on Red Square there are grandiose shows. We are like monkeys, we want everything to be like “them”. Elderly people do not know that a "talk show" in translation into Russian is a "conversational performance", and one could say that this is a "phrasebook" or "interlocutor". In the same way as with the word "real", the word "natural" is replaced by the word "natural" (English Natural), the word "important" - by the word "actual" (English Actual), the word "mental", "thinking" - the word "intellectual" (English Intellectual), the word "legal", "legal" - the word "legal" (English Legal), the word "positive" - ​​the word "positive" (English Positive), the word "exceptional", " exquisite" - the word "exclusive" (English Exclusive), the word "universal", "worldwide" - the word "universal" (English Universal), the word "creative" - ​​the word "creative" (English Creative), the word "criminal "- the word "criminal" (English Criminal), the word "tolerant" - the word "tolerant" (English Tolerant), the word "reinforced", "tense" - the word "intensive" (English Intensive), the word "destructive" - the word "destructive" (English Destructive), the word "appropriate" - the word "adequate" (English Adequate), the word "legalized" - the word "legitimate" (English Legitimate), the word "effective" - ​​word vom "efficient" (eng. Effective), the word "absurd" - the word "absurd" (Eng. Absurd), the word "secret" - the word "confidential" (English Confidential), the word "public" - the word "social" (English Social), the word " transparent", "clear" - with the word "transparent" (English Transparent), the word "personal" - with the word "personal" (English Personal), the word "special", "special" - with the word "special" (English Special) , the word "fixed" - the word "stationary" (English Stationary), the word "accurate" - the word "punctual" (English Punctual), the word "oral" - the word "verbal" (English Verbal), the word "indifferent" - the word "indifferent" (eng. Indifferent), the word "expressive" - ​​the word "expressive" (eng. Expressive), the word "official" - the word "official" (eng. Official), the word "ordinary" - the word "trivial" (English Trivial), etc. Some of these words are derived from Latin, Greek or French. I used a simple English-Russian dictionary, but the essence of this does not change. All these foreign words can be found in the dictionary of foreign words, which is getting thicker with each edition (the latest edition is amazing with the number of new additions). What is the point of all these substitutions? What are they for? What is the need for them? Do you love foreign languages? Okay, study them. But why make abracadabra out of your native language? For example, I want to replace the word "passionate" because I don't like it. I find the word "passionate", in English it is "Passionate". I get a new word - "passionate". This is how foreign substitutes for Russian words are created. This game is like “Think of a new word”. This game is constantly played by our scientists, ministers, journalists, and so on. They also need to show their learning. Now in conversations I can say everywhere: “Yes, he is such a passionate person and very creative.” I am sure that sooner or later "passionate" will appear in the dictionary of foreign words, and maybe already there. Is it Russian? The number of such substitutes is huge. But why did we stop speaking Russian words and replace them with foreign ones? It’s even somehow incomprehensible how Russian people used to speak without these substitute words. How did they manage without “problems”, “situations”, “reality”, “information”, “stability”, “tolerance”, “adequacy”, “monitoring”, “managers”, “brokers”, “sponsors”, etc. d.? Russian writers knew foreign languages, but they called Russian the great language. And many foreign writers admired the beauty of the Russian language. For example, Prosper Merimee, giving an assessment of the Russian language, said that the Russian language “… is the richest of the languages ​​of Europe. It is designed to express the subtlest shades. Endowed with amazing power and conciseness, which is combined with clarity, he combines in one word several thoughts that in another language would require a whole phrase. But suddenly there was a shift in the minds of our people. Russian words fell out of favor, and they began to be diligently uprooted, replacing them with various “Latinisms”, “Gallicisms”, “Germanisms”, etc. .

In addition, all words ending in - "tion" or - "ism" are also artificially created substitutes. These words never came from the people, the people never knew such words. Words ending in -tion are substitutes for Russian nouns or new words created on the basis of foreign ones. They have nothing to do with the Russian language. Most often, the “dead” Latin language is used to create new words. But what do we care Latin or to the point that someone somewhere uses Latin words in their language? After all, we have Russian words that are equivalent in meaning. Why change them to Latin? To be like everyone else? Perhaps the Latin language is justified in scientific, philosophical or medical literature, but why drag it into ordinary, everyday language? The resulting newly formed words are artificially introduced and continue to be introduced into our language. In Parliament we have Fractions, Coalitions, Ratifications, Sessions, Oppositions, etc. Deputies hold plenary meetings. To sit in Russian, in full force, is somehow not serious. For example, now you constantly hear: “Liberalization, monetization, devaluation, modernization, innovation, diversification, consolidation, integration, trend, etc.” What language are these words from? Did the people come up with them, or are they created on the basis of Russian words? Or is the Russian language indispensable without these words? To understand the meaning of these words, you need to look into your favorite dictionary of foreign words, which has a translation into Russian. But it's rather strange. Why, living in Russia, on Russian soil, should we look for a translation into Russian, instead of just speaking Russian? Now they say: "It is necessary to modernize the equipment." Why not say in Russian that a hardware update is needed? Or here's another example. Everywhere we hear the expression: "The introduction of innovative technologies." It can be translated into Russian as the introduction of new or updated developments. It would be clear to everyone, even to any grandmother in a remote village. The Russian word "information" or "message" was replaced by the word "information" (English Information). I remember that they used to say “there is information”, and not “there is information”. Previously, Russian people were "notified", now they will be "informed". Previously, there was a "position", now everywhere - a "situation" (English Situation). But after all, "Situation" in translation into Russian is the "position". We say “inflation”, but in our minds we understand that we are talking about a rise in price, so why don’t we immediately say “price rise”? Examples can be given endlessly. For some reason, the transfer of summer cottages to private ownership was called "dacha amnesty." Why amnesty? Now, to buy a home, they issue a mortgage loan, but in Russian it is just a housing loan. Many foreign words, if you know their translation, are easily replaced by Russian ones. Well, why is the word “recovery” worse than “rehabilitation”, the word “reimbursement” worse than “compensation” or “supervision”, “check” worse than the word “inspection”? If we are carrying out a unification or strengthening of something, then they say that they are conducting a “consolidation” (eng. Consolidation). For some reason, such a simple action as showing an event on television was called “broadcast” (eng. Translation), which means “translation” in Russian. Each of us can make up our own understanding, idea or idea about some event or action, in a new way - this means to have a “concept” (Eng. Conception). Each product comes with an “instruction manual”, but in Russian it means “rules of use”. There is also a certificate (English Certificate) of quality, which in Russian means “certificate” or “certificate” of quality. But someone did not like Russian words. Well, that's just stupid! It would seem that it would be easier to say “transportation of goods”, but we say “transportation of goods”. The word "transport" (eng. Transport) dragged into our language without any need. The literal translation of the word "transport" means "carriage" or "carriage", so "transport services" is "transportation services" or "carriage services", and " vehicles" is "means of transport" or "means of transportation". The loud expression "the presumption of innocence" in translation turns out to be simply "the assumption of innocence", but this probably doesn't sound cool. We hear everywhere about wear and tear of communications. What is communications? Communication (English Communication) in translation into Russian is a message, a means of communication, communication. That is, if we are talking about economic communications, then in Russian it will be - economic communications, economic communications, as there are railway communications, or you can talk about building communications, building networks, etc. Many of us had to fill out income declaration. Declaration (English Declaration) translated into Russian is a statement, an announcement. Can't we fill out an income statement? Why is the Russian word "statement" worse than the foreign "declaration"? And so everywhere and in everything. Is there nothing in Russian to replace the word "liquidation" or the word "evacuation"? There is such a feeling that the desire to change Russian words into foreign ones has turned into some kind of obsession, mental illness, people are obsessed with the idea of ​​constantly replacing something in their native language. It seems to them that by using the words "concept", "innovation", "consolidation", etc., they become or at least look smarter, more significant.

In prison, the prisoners have their own "thieves" language, their own jargon, and if you listen to the conversation of the "prisoners", you will understand little. In the same way, if a person of the 19th century came to our time and listened to the news, he would be very surprised. What language do they speak? Or, having seen a sign on the street "Service Center", he would not have understood that it was "Service Center". He does not know that the word "service" is replaced by "service" (English Service). And the owners of these centers themselves do not know what the word “service” means, because they write: “Service”. It's the same as "butter oil". But besides prison jargon, we also have scientific vocabulary, medical vocabulary, economic vocabulary. All this vocabulary is completely unjustifiably overflowing with foreign words that have nothing to do with the subject scientific study, or are used where the Russian language could perfectly give the necessary description. If scientists pulled the Russian language into science, then this would be understandable. But we are more likely to see work in the opposite direction - Russian words are replaced by foreign ones. Therefore, the question arises: in what way is a prisoner who speaks in prison jargon “baby” instead of “letter” worse than a scientist who says “prolongation” instead of “extension”? Both of them replace Russian words with words that are understandable in their communication environment. Here we can mention our great ascetic in the development and protection of the Russian language M.V. Lomonosov. In contrast to today's scientists M.V. Lomonosov, who knew Latin and European languages ​​very well, was diligently engaged in the development of the Russian scientific vocabulary. Thanks to his work in scientific language many Russian concepts and expressions were introduced and received general use: experience, observation, phenomenon, particles, pendulum, drawing, plane, mine, pump, acid, refraction of rays, balance of bodies, etc. He himself made translations of scientific concepts into Russian and created new capacious words for a clear and accurate expression of scientific thought. In the Russian language, Lomonosov saw "natural abundance, beauty and strength ...", not inferior to any of the European languages. He constantly talked about the perniciousness and harmfulness of clogging the Russian language with foreign words, and he strove to make the scientific language accurate, clear, accessible and understandable to any person. He saw this as a guarantee of a faster and more successful development of sciences in Russia. Today, when reading modern encyclopedias, one gets the feeling that scientists, on the contrary, deliberately strive to encrypt their writings as much as possible so that no one understands what they are doing. Speaking in the language of these encyclopedias, one can say that their language is a kind of obsessive “pedaled” show of knowledge of Latin and other languages. Although already in the 18th - 19th century. substitutes for Russian words came into circulation, but there were still a few of them and this did not cause much concern for most people (after all, there was no television then, and new words were introduced much more slowly). But there has been lively debate about the introduction of foreign words into our language. V. G. Belinsky was not an opponent of foreign words, but I accidentally stumbled upon a remark from him: “And for the first time we will say that using a foreign word when there is a Russian word equivalent to it means insulting both common sense and common taste. So, for example, nothing can be more absurd and wilder than the use of the word "exaggerate" instead of "exaggerate." Now such savagery is pouring in a continuous stream from the mouth of the president, and from the lips of officials, and from the lips of journalists, and from the mouths of news anchors. Now some school teacher says that students should have “authentic speech”, then some academician says about “scientic worldview”. I have a feeling that some of our scientists have forgotten the Russian language altogether and communicate in only one language they understand. Our great writers also used such words “for the sake of a red word”. If only they knew what dimensions this passion for foreign words would later take. It would horrify them. It is curious that foreigners pronounce these words in a completely different way, because they do not spell them, like our smart people, they have a completely different pronunciation. Therefore, these artificial words are also obscure or incomprehensible to them.

When and how it all began is hard to say. Maybe from the fact that we replaced our original names of the months with foreign ones in order to be closer to Europe. Peter 1 pulled Russia to Europe, he also pulled foreign words into the Russian language. Wild, bearded Russia met with civilized Europe. There was a desire to bring our "wild" language closer to civilization or to bring civilization along with foreign words. The use of foreign words has become a sign of education and commitment to European development. Foreign names and words appeared everywhere: the names of military positions, the names of government officials, the names of state papers, etc. In my opinion, this is not a sign of education, but a sign of servility. We seem to want to say: “We bow before you so much that even your words are introduced into our language.” But if we do not respect our own language, then there is nothing to respect us for. Even Peter 1 named his city in a European way. There was a time when the entire high Russian society switched to French. This was not the case anywhere in the world. The native Russian language was considered servile, muzhik, the language of the lower class. Why save him? In general, all changes and innovations in our language did not come from the people, but from the so-called educated, scientific strata, who decided what should be removed and what should be introduced into the Russian language. Our scientists strive to name everything Russian not in Russian. Their phenomenon is “phenomenon” (English Phenomenon), dominance is “dominance” (English Dominant), accumulation is “accumulation” (English Accumulate), adaptation is “adaptation” (English Adaptation), etc. They pull all such words into everyday speech, turning our language into a linguistic mixture. Back in the USSR, our scientists, together with the ministers, adopted the “Rules of Russian Spelling (English Orthography) and Punctuation (English Punctuation)”. The rules are Russian, but they did not want to call them in Russian. And it would sound like this: "Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation." And so it is with everything. Take any book about the Russian language. The language of this book will be full of foreign words. It turns out that the Russian language is not able to describe itself in Russian? Are science and the Russian language incompatible things? To be honest, I do not see any concern in our scientists about the preservation of the Russian language. All kinds are written in hundreds of pounds scientific work, but we need at least someone to take it and give us Russian names on the "world wide web", instead of various "blogs", "banners", "hostings", "relevance", etc.. In fact, give Russian names in the "network" is not difficult, you just need to want to, but someone clearly wants our youth to forget the Russian language and communicate in some kind of jargon. Moreover, they will continue to prove to you that this is an irreversible course of history, and this is our development. Our language is broken, but somehow everything is quiet and calm here.

I understand that in every language there are borrowed words from other languages, you can’t get away from this. But it's one thing when they are borrowed, and another thing when native words are replaced by someone else's. In any borrowing, a reasonable approach must be observed (in this sentence, it is meaningless to replace "reasonable" with the foreign "rational"). We do not have to talk about a reasonable approach, according to many, everything should happen on its own. Our language in this case becomes a hostage to anyone's whim. But a reasonable approach is quite possible. If some foreign word carries a meaning for which the Russian language has not yet developed its own word, then, probably, such a borrowing can be considered and, if necessary, accepted. For example, for the word "machine" (from Latin Machina) there was no equivalent Russian word. But the Russified word “machine” is quite consonant with the Russian language (in the first cars there was something waving and waving, and these are Russian words). Many such examples can be found. The people, as a rule, borrowed words that they did not know how to translate into their native language, and they never refused native words to please foreign ones. Therefore, these folk borrowings did not cause much harm to the language. But if the Russian language has the ability to create a new Russian word to replace an incomprehensible foreign name, then why not use this? After all, if we create new Russian words, then by doing this we preserve the face of the language, its identity to itself and show its flexibility, richness and diversity. For example, if instead of “creating a transport infrastructure” we say “carry out road improvement”, wouldn’t that be understandable? After all, the refrigerator was not invented by us, but it is better than a refrigerator. Or should we surround ourselves with a bunch of words that tell us nothing, and consider our language incapable of creating something new? For centuries, our people have been engaged in word creation and the development of new concepts and expressions, drawing from their native roots, which were left to them by their ancestors.

In fact, all these foreign words, which are widely used today to create the appearance of education and give their words a tinge of science, have nothing special under them. They were invented ordinary people and not celestials. If you approach a foreign language without “rose-colored glasses” and without “holy awe”, then everything immediately falls into place. It turns out that the native language is no worse, but in some ways better and richer, and it is quite possible to translate a foreign word into Russian - there would be a desire. Well, you translate at least the word “inauguration” into Russian, and it will be clear to everyone and you won’t have to break the language. Why can't such words as administration, opposition, coalition, amnesty, prefecture, department, deputy, etc. be translated into Russian? What is so special about these words that they cannot be translated into Russian? Actually, nothing. In ancient times, words were borrowed when different peoples lived on border lands and traded among themselves. There was constant communication in different languages. Unfamiliar, new things appeared. The names were adopted by ear. Some things stuck, some didn't. But I do not remember that the Russians lived together with the British or the French on the same land, common borders we didn't have either. Then it is not clear why words on a foreign basis are present in our language in such huge number and keep coming back? When you see all these language replacements and their number, you start to think that war has been declared on the Russian language and Russian words are being hunted. Could it have occurred to an ordinary person who is of sound mind and reason to change the Russian word "tolerance" for "tolerance", "pardon" for "amnesty" or "interpretation" for "interpretation"? Anyone would say: "Why?". Someone will say that everything is fine, that this is a needless worry, each language develops, etc. Replacing native Russian, native words with artificially created ones, is this development? What is this, language development? I think it's murder. It's the same as if you were told that your own mother is now not a mother, but "muter", and the father is now not a father, but "vater". I understand development as the creation of new words based on native Russian words using Russian roots. After all, such words as industry, helicopter, plane, machine gun, horizon, vacuum cleaner, refrigerator, screwdriver, pliers, engine, clutch, handle, injection, driver, train, pilot, player, amplifier, loudspeaker, art critic, researcher, naturalist were created , painting, etc. Recently, on the “network”, I came across such a representation of the dictionary of the Russian language by V.I. Dahl: “Interpreting this or that word, V.I. Dahl selects many synonyms that testify to the exceptional richness of the Russian language, its flexibility and expressiveness, he shows the limitless word-building possibilities of the Russian language. But for some reason, we have taken the path of creating new words not on the basis of Russian roots (after all, writers said that our language is very rich and flexible), but on the basis of foreign words. For example, they came up with the word "adjust". We took the English Regular as the basis - the correct one. But after all, it was possible to come up with something Russian. We have words: set up, direct, adjust, install, streamline, straighten, etc. Why is Regular better? Also from the same word turned out the traffic controller. What kind of controller is he? In Russian, he is rather directing: after all, he directs the flow of traffic on the street. We all hear about public utilities all the time. I asked my mother: "Explain what a communal one is?". She chose her words for a long time, said something about services, but did not really answer. In fact, communal (English Communal) translated into Russian - communal, general. This is probably the legacy left by the Bolsheviks, who created communes - communities of communists. That is, public utilities - it's just common household or a common household. A communal is a "community" or "community". What is "infrastructure"? Are there really no Russian words to explain the meaning of this concept? The literal translation of the word "infrastructure" is as follows - (from the Latin Infra - below, under and structura - structure). Therefore, we can say that infrastructure is an economic arrangement or a service economy. After all, in the old days they built a house, and around the house they made arrangements. This may be a road facility, a commercial facility, a communications facility, an educational facility, a service facility, an associated facility, etc. We are like some kind of tribe of gullible fools or taiga savages who are ready to give a hundred skins of furs for a shiny trifle. They will tell us what words to say, and we, like "zombies", repeat: "Tow truck, escalator, elevator, liquidator, transformer, etc." Like we don't have our own words? I repeat, one gets the impression that the Russian language is considered poor, inferior, incapable of conveying the meaning of current events. The number of Russian words in our language is constantly decreasing, the number of artificial, introduced ones is increasing. There is an artificial language Esperanto, deliberately created for international communication, our language will become a second artificial language, only it will be for our use. Of the Russian language, only endings, pronouns, adverbs and 10-15 percent of the remains of Russian words will remain in it. This is not an exaggeration. We must cherish every Russian word as the apple of our eye, it is the same legacy of our ancestors as temples, palaces, paintings, music, etc. The issue of preserving our language is a matter of self-respect, a matter of our dignity. Who are we? Either we will be proud of our great language and develop it, or we will, like some wild tribes, run after empty rattles. I recently read that a department has been set up in the Kremlin to support and preserve the Russian language abroad. We in Russia will soon have nothing left of the Russian language, it must be saved here. Our language turns into some explosive mixture. Why is no one paying attention to this? I saw on television how Russian people living in Australia speak Russian better than any of our ministers. This is understandable, they speak English all day at work, and they cherish the Russian language for the soul, so every Russian word is more precious to them than any foreign one. Some believe that youth, street jargon poses a threat to the Russian language. This jargon, if it exists, does not arise from scratch, but on the same dominance of foreign words. Much more dangerous are the educated gentlemen on TV screens - ministers, officials, journalists, broadcasters - who say, instead of "important issue" - "actual problem", instead of "sustainable" - "stable", instead of "corresponding" - "adequate ”, instead of “update” - “modernization”, instead of “innovation” - “innovation”, instead of “creativity” - “creativity”, instead of “performance” - “show”, etc. Recently in the program “Cultural Revolution” one speaker, giving something an assessment, repeated several times: "It's all" trash "". This is probably the English "trash" (trash). That's where the jargon comes from. In general, if you carefully consider all foreign words in the Russian language, it will be seen that in 95% of cases these words have an equivalent replacement of Russian words in meaning. But Russian words are being squeezed out of our speech, and some kind of “thrash” comes to replace them. I heard that in France and other European countries legislative measures are being taken to preserve the native language. This shows that for many European peoples, protecting their language is not an idle undertaking and not empty talk. They understand the value of the native word and take measures to preserve it. If someone thinks that everything that is stated in my letter is the nonsense and stupidity of a narrow-minded, backward person, then let's turn to the experience of other countries. The experience of France, Finland, Iceland, the Czech Republic can give us a lot of useful things. There, concern for the preservation of the native language is not considered nonsense and stupidity. There are some other linguists there who do not think, like ours, that the replacement of native words with foreign words does not pose any danger to the language. Of course, I can be wrong in some particulars, but the essence is this: there is a gradual replacement of the Russian language with an artificial, fictional language. Either they played it, or it's done on purpose. Some time will pass, and we will be told: “What is the Russian language? Can you see what is Russian in it? Of course, there are those who will say that the Russian language is so huge and powerful that it will swallow, digest and assimilate any foreign words. He will swallow something, but it will no longer be the Russian language. For example, the president of the Institute of Russian Language and Literature named after A. A.S. Pushkin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Education Vitaly Kostomarov believes that everything is fine and nothing threatens the Russian language. Apparently, the respected academician does not agree with A.P. Sumarokov, M.V. Lomonosov A. S. Pushkin, I.S. Turgenev, L.N. Tolstoy. But today, our pundits can, for the sake of tongue-tied officials, adopt new rules for placing stresses in Russian words. Now, probably, in accordance with the level of knowledge of the Russian language by our officials, we can expect the appearance of new amendments or additions to the generally accepted rules of Russian speech.

With such an attitude towards the Russian language, one should not expect any concern for the purity of the Russian language. Such concern can only be found in the aforementioned Russian writers. A.P. Sumarokov begins his work “On the extermination of foreign words from the Russian language” with the words: “The perception of foreign words, and especially without necessity, is not enrichment, but damage to the language.” In this work, already in the 18th century, he showed all the stupidity and criminality of using unnecessary foreign words. A.P. Sumarokov already in the 18th century believed that one should not be silent. Where are Russian writers today? Why don't they ring the bells? Maybe there are those whose soul hurts, but their voices are drowned out among other noise. And what should we, ordinary people, do if the academicians who are supposed to protect and protect the Russian language (Turgenev called for this) are filled with indifference and would rather bury the Russian language than lift a finger in its defense? What we can do? I think that getting into arguments with lovers of “foreignness” and proving something to them is a completely pointless exercise. In these disputes, any undertaking will perish. It is necessary to create a movement “in defense of the Russian language” and involve all concerned people in its ranks. This movement could be led by Russian writers who cherish their native language. It is necessary to create new Russian dictionaries in which to make translations into real Russian. A.P. Sumarokov wrote: “By nature and the example of our ancestors, we can quite produce our own (our own words) from the original words.” We don't have anyone doing this. This is a job for our linguists, to which the entire Russian public can be involved. Here you can study and foreign experience. You can pick up old Russian chronicles and letters. A lot of beautiful Russian words have been forgotten, they must be returned or used to create new words. These are just my thoughts, and people more educated in the field of linguistics will be able to present this work much more clearly and thoughtfully. There is nothing eternal in our world. Languages ​​are also disappearing from the face of the earth. It is high time to save the Russian language. If now we do not start restoring the Russian language and do not start translating foreign words into Russian, then our language will gradually disappear. This is not an exaggeration. This is visible at every step.

Here is what A.P. wrote. Sumarokov in the article “On the Root Words of the Russian Language”: “Why should we introduce other people’s words when, by nature and following the example of our ancestors, we can produce enough of our own from the original words? Alien words will always be strange, and their signs are not so explanatory, and consequently they will introduce weakness and ugliness into our strong and beautiful language. And it’s also strange when we call it, or even write it in foreign words, for which we have our own exact names, and having an ancient and unmixed language, spoiling it, we introduce words from new and mixed ones. German mixed with others, and French was born in the Barbarian centuries from Latin, Halskago and German. It is even stranger to produce new words from the Russian language, giving them obscene prepositions, unusual endings, changing stresses, and producing words or an unusual sign of property or, contrary to nature, folded and in a new image, no sign of property, except for the shadow of its original beginning. Such words are hopeless for future use. They will be despised by posterity, or they will spoil the language, and such a spark, if it is not destroyed by skillful writers, can destroy our entire language, of which there are quite a few examples. The Hellenic and Latin languages ​​perished from alien and not, by the way, newly crafted words. The only good thing is that they have remained in the books, which we still do not have much. It is not so surprising that these most worthy languages ​​among the peoples perished; The barbarians struck them down. And we, our beautiful, by nature and antiquity, language, instead of leading it to perfection, we ourselves begin to spoil. The French language owes all its beauty to witty writers, but ours is beautiful in itself; and if Poeters and Rhetors multiply among us, and, moreover, the same time as the French will establish an assembly to correct and spread the language, the writers of our descendants will be happy.

Kolesnikov Vladimir.

See the next article entitled "Time of Troubles in the Russian language" on my page.

The number of foreign words in everyday speech is increasing exponentially from year to year. It is frustrating that equivalent words at the same time exist in Russian and are used less and less. The situation is aggravated thanks to the mass media, as well as the policy pursued by the ministries and departments of Russia in this direction. Increasingly, on TV screens, we hear newly introduced words from a predominantly Germanic group of languages ​​\u200b\u200b(mainly English), such as " manager", "campus", "shopping", "creativity", "digger" and other similar words. It is worth noting that presidents, prime ministers and other high-ranking officials set a bad example in the use of the above words.

Below is a list of foreign words with their equivalent meanings in Russian. The list is formed in alphabetical order. If you have any additions or want to discuss this article, you can leave your messages in a specially created topic on our forum.

About the list

The Russian language is deliberately polluted, and the common people forget that there are words of the same meaning in their native language. Therefore, the question "Where is this rich and powerful Russian language?" comes to mind. We began to forget about the formation of words in our language. Where did such richness come from in our language? Separate articles can be devoted to this and other similar issues.

In some countries, special institutions are being created at the government level that protect the originality of their native language. For example, the population in France is very attentive and attentive to the language of their everyday communication. At the same time, it is interesting that the inhabitants of the country are primarily concerned not with the effect obtained in response to the linguistic policy of official Paris, but with the problem of the possible gradual simplification of French, and as a result, the impoverishment and degradation of its potential. On December 1, 1975, French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing signed a law to protect the French language from the invasion of English and any other language, and therefore a foreign culture. Similar measures should be taken in Russia as well.

The purpose of this article is to write equivalent Russian words to English, German and others that have taken root in our everyday use, as well as to mark with links to misuse words of celebrities and high-ranking officials.

The following words are widely used by the media in Russia and in speeches famous people at a time when there are native Russian meanings. If there are no such words or expressions in the list, then everyone can add them to this list by first registering in Wikijournal.

BUT

• authoritative, significant
• Alphabet - (came from Greek - ἀλφάβητος). original word " abyss", also takes place to be the meaning of " Glagolitic".
• Accent - equivalent value emphasis.
• Emphasize - pay attention.
• Analogy, Analogue, Analogous - (in English and French "analogue"). Has an equivalent meaning in Russian " similarity"or as an adjective" like" or " same".
• Abstract - (in English language"annotation"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " content".
• Aristocracy (from Greek - αριστοκρατία). Equivalent word in Russian " know".

D

And

To

L

• Legitimate - (from the English language "legitimate") - the original Russian equivalent meaning - " law".

M

• Market - (from English "market"). Equivalent value " market".
• Manager - the most frequently used word, from English means " manager" / "manager" or " supervisor". Often used in phrases office manager - from English it means " secretary".
• Message - (from English "message") - given word often used in the Russian media. Equivalent value " message".
• Method - (from the ancient Greek "μέθοδος" - the path of knowledge, in English "method") - means in Russian only " way".
• Moment - (from Latin momentum - means a driving force, but has no independent meaning. In English, "moment" - means a short period of time) - an equivalent value in Russian " moment".
• Monitoring - (from the Latin word "monitor") - today this word is often used as the verb "monitor". Russian equivalent word " track", "track".

H

• Nick or Nickname - (from English "nick" or "nickname") - it's best to say " nickname", "nickname" or " alias".

O

• Okay - (from English "ok"). A frequently occurring word in everyday life, while in Russian there are many equivalent meanings such as " well", "OK", in other cases you can also say " Great", "agree", "goes", you can pick up a lot of words, but the use is probably due to the brevity of the English version.

P

• Person - (from Latin "persōna", in English "person") - an equivalent meaning in Russian - " personality".
• Positive - (from English "positive"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " positive". In different variations, it can carry other meanings.
• Prolong (from the English language "prolong"). Nothing but " prolong" in Russian. Used in relation to the extension of any contracts.

R

• Reception - (from English "reception" - reception, accept) an equivalent word in Russian " reception room(most often in hotels).
• Real - (in English "real") means nothing more than " valid".

With

• Synchronously - (from the English word "synchronously" - means "simultaneously", "simultaneously").
• Selfie - (from the English word "self" - means "himself" or "yourself"). This word has become widespread in the sense of "taking pictures of oneself (or a group of people with oneself)". They could not think of anything how to take this word from the English language, while how can one say " self". Quite understandable and in Russian.
• Sketch - (from English "scatch" - translates only as " sketch"). This term is widely used in the construction industry and architecture. It is interesting that in the Russian language there has long been an equivalent word" sketch", but in common people you can say" underpainting".
• Speechwriter - (from English "speech" - speech and "writer" -writer) - a person who writes a speech for someone. An equivalent meaning could be the word " author" or " text author". This word is increasingly included in the vocabulary of central television channels and magazines.
• Stagnation - (from lat. stagno - to make motionless) - an equivalent meaning in Russian " stop", "slow down"or as a noun" slowdown".
• Storage - (from English storage - storage, keep in stock) - equivalent meaning in Russian " storage".
• Soldier - (from Latin "Soldus", "Solidus", in English "soldier") - the original Russian equivalent meaning " warrior", "warrior" or " howl".

T

• Tolerance - (from the Latin language tolerantia) an equivalent word in Russian " tolerance".
• Traffic - (from English "traffic" - movement). In Russian, this word began to be used mainly in two meanings. 1) In cases of describing the traffic situation on the roads - "dense traffic" - when it can be said only " road congestion" or " loaded stream"(cars) or even simpler -" traffic jams". 2) In a technical sense, about the number of users who visited a particular site - "large / small traffic", when equivalent definitions can be said " big/small attendance"(website).
• Tradition - (from Latin "traditio" - tradition, in English "tradition"). Single meaning in Russian " custom".
• Trading - (from English "trade" - to trade). The word is being used more and more on the internet. Equivalent meaning in Russian " trade".
• Tour - (from English "tour"). Equivalent value - " travel".

At

• Weekend - (from English "weekend"). Literally means "end of the week", not otherwise than in Russian" weekend".
• Unique (from Latin "unicus", in English "unique"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " special", "exceptional", "unique".

F

• Fake - (from English "fake"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " fake".

X

• Hobby - (from English "hobby") - equivalent meaning " enthusiasm".

W

• Shopping - (from English "shop" - store) - also means " purchase"or verb" shop". On the sign of one of the large stores in Moscow, there was an inscription "pleasant shopping" - one might say "pleasant shopping."
• Show - (from English "show" - show) - equivalent meaning " show", is also used in the phrases "TV show" - with the equivalent meaning " telecast" or " TV program".

E

• Equivalent - (derived from the Latin word "aequivalens", in English "equivalent") - in Russian it means nothing more than " equivalence".
• Experiment - (derived from Latin "experimentum", in English "experiment") - equivalent meanings in Russian - experience, trial.
• Existential - (in English the verb "exsist") - equivalent meaning " existing"

Conclusion

The list, as we see, is quite impressive and other words will be gradually added to it. Dear readers, if you have additions to this article, other foreign ones with equivalent meanings, then leave your examples on

One of the well-known supporters of replacing borrowed words with Russian was Vladimir Ivanovich Dal.

Here are some of his words that, unfortunately or fortunately, have not taken root in our language:

atmosphere— mycoholic
horizon — sky
the address— allusion
pince-nez — nasopharynx
egoist— samotnik

And here are 22 more words that have a replacement in Russian

This list is not perfect and is provided as an example only.

polyclinic- multi-health
show- spectacle
chair- seat
boutique- shop
accountant- accountant
foreign- foreign
interesting- amusing
the guest- alien, outsider
troll- throw manure on the fan
resonance- echo

potential- possible
applause- applause
argument- argument
competition- competition
competitor- rival
sniper- accurate shooter
stayer- long distance runner
sprinter- sprinter
safe- fireproof cabinet
goalkeeper- goalkeeper
interpretation- interpretation, explanation
tolerance- tolerance

"Well, you're a bastard!"

What funny words can replace the word "gadgets"?

Technothings, bells and whistles, electric helpers, helpers, self-thinkers, mind things, mind things, lighters, zatebyashki.

How to learn to recognize whether a specific word is borrowed or not?

7 signs that will help determine that the word is “not ours”

There are signs by which you can determine whether a word is a foreign language.
1. The initial letter "a" almost always indicates the foreign origin of the word. For example: lampshade, scarlet, army, profile, diamond, pharmacy, August, aster, agent, aria, aviation. The initial letter "a" in Russian words is a rarity. These are the words: a, ah, aha, gasp, backfire.

2. If the letter "e" is present. For example: era, epoch, floor, evolution, canoe, effect, ethics, aloe, mayor, peer, echo, element. In Russian words, the letter "e" is rare: eh, eh, this, sort of, therefore.

3. If the word contains the letter "f" - another bright foreign language feature. With the exception of a few interjections and onomatopoeic words (fu, fi, uf, snort), words with “f” are borrowed: coffee, photographer, February, fact, lantern, graphics, form, spacesuit, film, decanter, fountain and others.

4. If there are combinations "ke / ge / heh", then the word is borrowed. For example: rocket, cedar, skeleton, coat of arms, sneakers, hairdresser, orchestra, package, trachea, hero, helium, agent. At the junction of the stem and the ending "ge / ke / he" there are also indirect cases in non-borrowed words: hand, sand, south, road, ravine.

5. If there is a neighborhood of two or more vowels in the roots of words, the so-called gaps. For example: poet, cocoa, out, diet, bag, guard, halo, theater, duel. But such combinations are also possible in Russian: science, ignoramus, teach, groan.

6 . If there are combinations "pyu / byu / vu / kyu / syu". Puree, banknote, carburetor, bust, bulletin, debut, engraving, cuvette, communique, engraving, bureau - these words are borrowed.

7. If the word starts with "j": jumper, jazz, jam, joule, gentleman, joker. These words are borrowed from English.

What word can replace the word in the picture below?

Leave your options in the comments to this article. The answer will appear at 13.00 on May 27, 2014.

Text essay:

The famous Russian linguist V.V. Kolesov reflects on the fate of foreign words in the Russian language. Why do some words “take root”, enter the vocabulary of the language, while others disappear soon after they appear?

The author develops his idea on the example of the word "intelligent" - a foreign language for the Russian language. He notes that this word became a replacement for the lost ancient Russian words and images in the new historical conditions and combined the concepts important for people: “kind”, “smart”, “moral”. V. Kolesov notes that the people themselves included in the concept of "intelligent" positive qualities - "not a swindler", "not a talker", "not a drunkard".

The main idea of ​​the text is that foreign words are strengthened in the Russian language if they meet some important needs of people.

Let us turn to literary examples confirming the expressed idea. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin", the author uses a lot of foreign words: "knickers, tailcoat, vest - all these words are not in Russian." Meanwhile, they are actively used by people. The fashion dictated by Europe is adopted by Russia, and the words denoting the corresponding concepts enter the language and live in it.

The protagonist of the novel I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov said that such foreign words as "constitution", "liberalism", "progress", "Russian people do not need for nothing." However, he was wrong. Society developed, and new social phenomena needed to be denoted by new words. Today we can no longer live without a "constitution", "liberalism" and "progress".

In conclusion, we emphasize that if a foreign word meets a social need, if people need it, it enters the Russian language and takes its place in its vocabulary.

Text by V. V. Kolesov:

(1) The 17-volume academic dictionary says about the word intelligent: mentally developed, educated, cultured. (2) Here are three signs that, as it were, absorb three former words at once and the concepts of all three levels related to them: culture is only a particular sign of intelligence. (3) These words are connected with each other by some mysterious threads: educated, cultured, intelligent. (4) Why, there was also some kind of need in social life, so that the concepts of all shades of personality, invading Russian reality, would be affirmed in it and finally form a term. (5) Life has changed radically in a hundred years, and a new term has become inevitable.

(6) But there were people, uncultured, unintelligent, who wanted to cancel from the threshold: other people's words, to ban - both them and the concepts hidden behind them, to stop the living flow

social thought, inquisitively making its way through the rubble of words, expressions and confused magazine articles.
(7) Why did the rooting of other people's words become possible? (8) And why are not all of them preserved?
(9) Yes, because in Russian words, indigenous and ancient, a special attitude of the Russian

man and to the clever, and to the good - to the intercessor of the people. (10) No borrowed word, be it the most beautiful and accurate, will fall on the soul, will not respond with its fundamental meaning until it passes through fire and water of decisive social trials.

(11) Judge for yourself how selective the Russian language is. (12) Civilized is an understandable word, but rarely used. (13) Cultural and intelligent - we use it very often.

(14) In its content, this term has absorbed the original Russian tradition - to designate a smart person, evaluating him from the moral side. (15) Not just smart - kind. (16) In the smart, our ancestors first of all valued the ability for spiritual impulse, the spiritual essence of knowledge, the requirements for which were constantly increasing, becoming more and more complicated with time. (17) Mind and knowledge are ambiguous. (18) He can be both evil and good, but a good mind is valuable for a person. (19) It turns out that the concept of the Russian intellectual imperceptibly included the popular idea of ​​good and smart.

(20) The word intelligent has become a kind of replacement for Old Russian words and images in new historical conditions. (21) The people's consciousness slowly, but irrevocably filled it with its own special content, which was not found in any other language. (22) Little mind - kindness is needed, spiritual delicacy. (23) This is the Russian idea of ​​​​an intelligent person. (24) “We are puzzled, what is he like, an intelligent person? (25) And his image was created long ago by the people themselves. (26) Only he calls him - a good person. (27) Smart person. (28) Respectful. (29) Not a wast, not a drunkard. (30) Clean. (31) Do not trepach. (32) Not a stunner. (33) Worker. (34) Master. (35) So says Vasily Shukshin, and he speaks correctly. (Z6) The artist's instinct told him the historical truth, because the historian can only confirm the validity of these words. (37) “Let's start with that,” Shukshin added, “this phenomenon - an intelligent person - is rare. (38) This is a restless conscience, mind, a complete lack of voice, when it is required - for consonance - to “sing along” to the mighty bass of this powerful world, bitter discord with oneself because of the damned question “what is truth?”, dignity ... (39) And - compassion for the fate of the people. (40) Inevitable, painful. (41) If all this is in one person, he is an intellectual.

(According to V.V. Kolesov)