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Annotation to the presentation
The presentation serves as a promoter Russian language, briefly tells children about the emergence of different language groups and about the unifying role of the Russian language in modern conditions. The author supports his theses with illustrations, which simplifies the process of understanding and accepting information by the child.
- The role of the Russian language in modern world
- Classics about language
- Tasks for knowledge of the native language
For the teacher to teach
Format
pptx (powerpoint)
Number of slides
Degtyareva A. N.
Audience
Words
Abstract
Present
purpose
slide 1
GBS (K) OU boarding school of the VIII type with. Vorontsovka Krasnodar Territory
Russian language teacher - Degtyareva Alena Nikolaevna
slide 2
slide 3
slide 4
slide 5
slide 6
Slide 7
Ukrainians
Slide 8
Adyghe
Slide 9
Slide 10
slide 11
Russians
slide 12
K. G. Paustovsky
"Our language is our sword, our light, our love, our pride"
N. G. Chernyshevsky
“Learning your native language is necessary ... in order to be able to use it to express your thoughts”
slide 13
Complete the proverbs
Live a century -
Strong friendship with an ax ...
Easily …
The sun paints the earth, and the man - ...
There is no friend - look for ...
A man without a homeland is like a nightingale...
Hurry...
My language is...
Seven one...
Do you want to eat kalachi - ...
I make time...
Friends get to know...
age learn.
you won't break it.
you can't even pull a fish out of a pond.
without a song.
and found take care.
make people laugh.
my enemy.
don't sit on the stove.
fun hour.
Slide 14
slide 15
Idioms
(to be deceived)
(shut up)
(learn)
(slowly)
(nothing left)
(deceive)
(remember)
(chat)
(exaggerate)
(about an extra person)
(free, free, just like that)
In all spirit.
Sit in a puddle.
Bite your tongue.
Know by heart.
To be at the broken trough.
A teaspoon per hour.
Lead by the nose.
Nick down.
Scratch your tongue.
To make mountains out of molehills.
White crow.
For beautiful eyes.
slide 16
Slide 17
Rich vocabulary
Slide 18
Literates
Slide 19
Commandments of speech behavior
- Always know for what purpose and why you speak.
- Remember that politeness is the basis of speech behavior.
- Respect the interlocutor, do not interrupt him.
- If your interlocutor makes speech errors, try very tactfully to help him get rid of them.
- Speak simply, clearly, clearly.
- Don't think that by using harsh words, you seem older.
- Use only those words whose meaning is completely clear to you.
Slide 20
slide 21
- Sapozhnikov, V. Zolotov: Sacred History of the Old Testament; Bookinist edition, 1990
View all slides
Abstract
Event progress
(competition poem)
Native language
There are many big countries in the world,
And there are many small
And for any nation
Your own language is an honor.
You have the right to be proud, Frenchman,
French.
You always say, Hindu,
About your language.
Chinese, Turk, Serb or Czech,
Dane, Greek or Finn, -
Of course, you are dearer than all
One mother tongue.
And I thank fate
I have no higher happiness
What do I say in Russian
For thirteen years now.
Calm, cheerful and melodious,
Ridiculous and harsh
And merciless, and mighty,
And formidable to enemies.
Suvorov approved of the soldiers
In Russian!
The immortal Pushkin composed
In Russian!
The laws of Mendeleev gave
In Russian!
"Down with the king!" - the people said
In Russian!
Main part
You can't live without them!
They are great helpers.
And new friends in life.
Sometimes they guide us
The wise give advice
Sometimes they teach
And save us from trouble.
Live and learn).
My tongue is my enemy).
Seven of one ... (do not wait).
Business time ... (fun hour).
A friend in need is a friend indeed).
- What is our speech?
In all spirit. (fast)
Bite your tongue. (shut up)
Know by heart. (learn)
Lead by the nose. (deceive)
Nick down. (remember)
Scratch your tongue. (chat)
(competition poem)
About mother tongue
Without it, you will end up in a dead end.
You are not you without him.
Your tongue is like a mother
Love him for being powerful.
Your language is a shield, your communication
Flower - … ,
iron - … ,
cotton - … ,
eye - … ,
Lake - … ,
the beast - … ,
young people - … .
(competition poem)
Poems about a man and his words
Words are different
There are all sorts of words
Words are clear
Hard and soft
Words are bold
Stubborn, harsh,
But surely the thing
Behind every word.
Many words in the world
Lots of things in the world
If there is no case -
The word is the wind.
The word flies
Don't get caught again...
A man without work
Man without a word!
(competition poem)
Russian language
(excerpt)
I love my mother tongue!
As our power, mighty.
If you want, write songs, hymns,
Do you want to express the pain of the soul.
Like rye bread, it smells,
As if the flesh of the earth, tenacious.
He is the language of the moon and the planet,
Our satellites and rockets
At school, at home and in council
Speak it:
unambiguous and direct,
It is like the truth itself.
Insert the missing letters.
- plain
- physical Culture
- library
- Column
- distance
- Hello
- charter
- salesman
- ice cream
- state
- medicine
- insect
- electricity
- bike
- subscription
- bulletin
- operation
- territory
- sanatorium
- patient
- subscription
- piano
- festival
- education
- art
- nationality
- receipt
- aviation
- government
- the colony
- biography
- ventilation
- catastrophe
- neighborhood
- diameter
- company
- insurrection
- accountant
- garrison
- commission
- duty
Commandments of speech etiquette
(competition poem)
mother tongue day
His fate was not easy
Our great-grandfathers and our fathers
We were given unearthly beauty
We congratulate and boldly wish
Summary of the lesson
Bibliography
- Davydova T.: Druzhok: Proverbs, sayings, popular expressions; Dragonfly publishing house, 2009
- Klyukhina I.V. Proverbs, sayings and popular expressions; GEF publishing house, 2008
- Romashkina N.F. : Extra-curricular activities in a playful way; publishing house GLOBUS, 2005
State budget special (correctional) educational institution for students, pupils with handicapped health comprehensive school boarding school VIII type with. Vorontsovka Krasnodar Territory
Extracurricular event in the Russian language
"International Mother Language Day"
Russian language teacher Degtyareva Alena Nikolaevna
Theme: International Mother Language Day
Purpose: to introduce students to the holiday - International Mother Language Day.
- To help students see and feel the inexhaustible possibilities of their native language; introduce the children to the biblical legend of the "Babylonian pandemonium".
- Continue to develop and correct the oral coherent speech of pupils, mental activity, memory, imagination, attention; enrich students' vocabulary; expand their horizons.
- To instill love and interest in the native language, to cultivate a culture of speech.
Equipment: multimedia presentation; cards with tasks for competitions - “Complete the proverb”, “Literacy”; spelling dictionaries; tokens.
Form of carrying out: competition "Connoisseurs of the native language".
Preliminary work: exhibition of folk costumes; exhibition of dictionaries; during the event, there is also a competition for the best reader, students who wish to take part in this competition are given poems on the topic in advance.
Event progress
Introduction. Lesson topic message
1st presenter (slide 1) Every year on January 21, International Mother Language Day is celebrated. And this is no coincidence. The world would not exist without language. Just as a fish cannot live without water, so a person cannot exist without a language. In language we think, communicate, create. IN different countries people around the world today speak 6,000 languages. Has it always been like this?
2nd presenter (slide 2) There is a biblical legend that once all people spoke the same language. Descendants of the sons of Noah (Noah is a biblical character who was saved by the Lord during Flood due to the piety of him and his family), at first everyone lived in one place, and everyone spoke the same language. But when they multiplied so much that it was already necessary to disperse into different sides, then they, in order to leave a monument about themselves forever, set out to build a city and a tower that would reach the sky with its top. (slide 3) The Lord did not like this case. (slide 4) As punishment for such a vain and proud enterprise, Ying mixed their languages \u200b\u200bso that they ceased to understand each other and involuntarily had to disperse, leaving the unfinished city the name "Babylon", which means "mixing". (slide 5) These events are called "Babylonian pandemonium". So there were different peoples speaking different languages (from the "Holy History of the Old Testament")
Presenter 1 (slide 6) On International Mother Language Day, all languages are recognized as equal because each of them uniquely fulfills the purpose of the person and each represents a living heritage that we must take seriously and protect.
2nd hostRussia is a multinational state. Each nation is a unique culture, history, traditions and, of course, language. More than 130 languages are heard in our country. What languages can we hear in our region?
1st presenter (slides 7-11) We can hear Ukrainian language, the language of Armenians, Greeks, Circassians, etc. In our country, all citizens can use their native language, but the Russian language is the means of interethnic communication.
(The poem by N. Banko “Mother tongue” is read by the student ……………………)
(competition poem)
Native language
There are many big countries in the world,
And there are many small
And for any nation
Your own language is an honor.
You have the right to be proud, Frenchman,
French.
You always say, Hindu,
About your language.
Chinese, Turk, Serb or Czech,
Dane, Greek or Finn, -
Of course, you are dearer than all
One mother tongue.
And I thank fate
I have no higher happiness
What do I say in Russian
For thirteen years now.
Calm, cheerful and melodious,
Ridiculous and harsh
And merciless, and mighty,
And formidable to enemies.
Suvorov approved of the soldiers
In Russian!
The immortal Pushkin composed
In Russian!
The laws of Mendeleev gave
In Russian!
"Down with the king!" - the people said
In Russian!
2nd presenter (slide 12) My native language is Russian. Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky said "Our language is our sword, our light, our love, our pride."
1st presenter (slide 12) A N.G. Chernyshevsky said "It is necessary to study the native language ... in order to be able to use it to express one's thoughts." Everyone must know their own language. Now we will check what experts in your native language you are. The competition "Connoisseurs of the native language" is announced, in which representatives of each class take part ....... (introduction of contestants)
2nd presenter The participation in the competitions will be evaluated by a jury consisting of ... .. .
Main part
1st presenterOur native language is rich in proverbs. -What is a proverb? (A proverb is a short, wise saying that has an instructive meaning and contains worldly wisdom).
What are proverbs for? (Proverbs decorate our speech, make it bright and convincing).
2nd presenter Proverbs are not said in vain,
You can't live without them!
They are great helpers.
And new friends in life.
Sometimes they guide us
The wise give advice
Sometimes they teach
And save us from trouble.
1st presenter (slide 13) The 1st contest "Complete the proverb" is announced
Remember the proverbs at the beginning of the phrase and continue them:
Live and learn).
Strong friendship with an ax ... (you can’t cut it).
Without difficulty ... (you can’t even pull a fish out of the pond).
The sun paints the earth, and the person - ... (labor).
There is no friend - look for ... (and found take care).
A man without a homeland, ... (what a nightingale without a song).
Hurry up ... (make people laugh).
My tongue is my enemy).
Seven of one ... (do not wait).
Do you want to eat kalachi ... (do not sit on the stove).
Business time ... (fun hour).
A friend in need is a friend indeed).
2nd presenterWhile the participants are completing the task, a contest for the audience "Question and answer" is announced. For the correct answers you will receive tokens, and then we will identify the best Russian speaker from the audience.
- Words that designate objects and answer the questions: who? what?
- How many cases are there in Russian?
- What questions does the genitive case have?
- What questions does the accusative case have?
- Words that denote the action of an object and answer the questions: what to do? what to do etc.
- What is our speech?
- Words that designate a sign of an object and answer the questions: what? which? which? which?
- What tense can the verb be in?
- Which verbs belong to the 1st question, which to the 2nd question?
- What are the pronouns of 1 (2,3) persons?
1st presenter We will check the completed tasks of the participants.
2nd presenter (slide 14) I suggest listening to the song ... .. ... .. performed by ... ... ...
1st presenter (slide 15) Competition "Winged expressions"
What are winged expressions? (Winged expressions - got into our speech from literary sources, brief quotations, figurative expressions. They give our speech special accuracy and expressiveness).
2nd leader Expand the meaning of these expressions.
In all spirit. (fast)
Sit in a puddle. (to be deceived)
Bite your tongue. (shut up)
Know by heart. (learn)
To be at the broken trough. (nothing left)
A teaspoon per hour. (slowly)
Lead by the nose. (deceive)
Nick down. (remember)
Scratch your tongue. (chat)
To make mountains out of molehills. (exaggerate)
White crow. (about an extra person)
For beautiful eyes. (free, free, just like that)
(Galina Purga’s poem “About the native language” is read by a student ……….)
(competition poem)
About mother tongue
Mind and heart, your language is a guide,
Without it, you will end up in a dead end.
Your language is your life, your dreams,
You are not you without him.
Your tongue is like a mother
Which cannot be humiliated, not insulted.
You should thank him, friend.
Because you know how to speak correctly.
Mother tongue is your soul, your world, your beam,
Love him for being powerful.
Your language is a shield, your communication
Don't disrespect him.
Don't let someone else label your native language.
Your legacy is your land and your language
And do not let the ignorant distort it,
Don't forget about that, my friend.
2nd presenterAttention game. If I call a noun in singular. h. You clap your hands if in the plural. - raise your hands up and rub your fingers. (Notebook, pencils, bucket, children, coat, man, tigers, etc.)
And now I call the word in units. number, and you must name it in plural.
Flower - … ,
iron - … ,
cotton - … ,
eye - … ,
Lake - … ,
the beast - … ,
young people - … .
2nd presenter (slide 16) A dance group performs with the dance "Ivushki"
1st leading A modern cultured person has an average vocabulary of 3 to 6 thousand words.
2nd presenter (Sergei Baruzdin's poem "Poems about a man and his words" is read by a student ....)
(competition poem)
Poems about a man and his words
Words are different
There are all sorts of words
Words are clear
Hard and soft
Words are bold
Stubborn, harsh,
But surely the thing
Behind every word.
Many words in the world
Lots of things in the world
If there is no case -
The word is the wind.
The word flies
Don't get caught again...
A man without work
Man without a word!
1st presenter (slide 17) Let's check what vocabulary our participants have. Competition "Rich Vocabulary" is announced
Task: say as many adjectives as possible, describing the subject offered to you.
2nd presenter (Alexander Yashin’s poem “The Russian Language” is read by the student ....)
(competition poem)
Russian language
(excerpt)
I love my mother tongue!
It is clear to everyone, it is melodious,
He, like the Russian people, is many-sided,
As our power, mighty.
If you want, write songs, hymns,
Do you want to express the pain of the soul.
Like rye bread, it smells,
As if the flesh of the earth, tenacious.
He is the language of the moon and the planet,
Our satellites and rockets
At school, at home and in council
Speak it:
unambiguous and direct,
It is like the truth itself.
Leading 1 The word is an amazing gift that only man possesses. The Russian language has a great variety of words. But how many are there? Not one specialist can answer this question in the affirmative. A rich and varied vocabulary of the Russian language is collected in dictionaries. Dictionaries are collections of words arranged in alphabetical order.
The competition "Gramoteev" is announced. (slide 18)
Participants are offered the opportunity to show their literacy. You will work with spelling dictionaries.
Insert the missing letters.
- plain
- physical Culture
- library
- Column
- distance
- Hello
- charter
- salesman
- ice cream
- state
- medicine
- insect
- electricity
- bike
- subscription
- bulletin
- operation
- territory
- sanatorium
- patient
- subscription
- piano
- festival
- education
- art
- nationality
- receipt
- aviation
- government
- the colony
- biography
- ventilation
- catastrophe
- neighborhood
- diameter
- company
- insurrection
- accountant
- garrison
- commission
- duty
2nd host Competition for viewers "Funny questions"
- How many vowels are in the root of the words: family, forty? (2.3)
- How many peas can fit into a glass? (They can't walk)
- Can an ostrich call itself a bird? (No, he can't talk)
- What kind of comb will not comb your head? (Petushin)
- What is the first thing we do in the morning? (Wake up)
- When a horse is bought, what is it like? (wet)
- Which hand is best for stirring tea? (Tea is better to stir with a spoon)
- What happened on February 31st? (February 31 does not happen)
- Why is there a tongue in the mouth? (Behind the teeth)
- Why buy a hat? (Because they don't give for free)
- What is the name of the first female pilot? (Baba Yaga)
- What can't you bake bread without? (Without crust)
- Who has a hat without a head and a leg without boots? (At the mushroom)
- How does day and night end? (soft sign)
- What does Boris have in front, and what does Gleb have in the back? (Letter b)
1st presenter We will check the correctness of the task of the Gramoteev
2nd presenter Did you know that in the 17th century, according to the Council Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, for obscene words spoken in public, it was necessary the death penalty? We have no power over the speech of others, but we can change our own speech.
1st presenter What needs to be done so that our speech is competent, polite? (slide 19)
Commandments of speech etiquette
1. Always know for what purpose and why you are talking.
2. Remember that politeness is the basis of speech behavior.
3. Respect the interlocutor, do not interrupt him.
4. If your interlocutor makes speech errors, try very tactfully to help him get rid of them.
5. Speak simply, clearly, understandably.
6. Don't think that using harsh words makes you sound older.
7. Use only those words whose meaning is completely clear to you.
2nd presenter (The poem "On the day of the native language" is read by the student ....)
(competition poem)
mother tongue day
We will treasure every word
His fate was not easy
But we will keep the legacy alive!
Our great-grandfathers and our fathers
We were given unearthly beauty
Russian word from the Russian soul,
That touches us all to the core.
Happy holiday to you, all Russian people
We congratulate and boldly wish
Get rid of mortal worries.
And let the country flourish, prosper!
Summary of the lesson
1st presenter The word for summing up the results of the contest "Connoisseurs of the native language" (participant, viewer, reader) is provided by the jury. (slide 20)
2nd presenter Today, we had a very important meeting. We came to the conclusion that we must fight for the purity of our native language.
1st presenter To be a worthy citizen of your country, you need to preserve its culture and traditions, you must be fluent in your native word.
Let's cherish and love our Russian word, because the Motherland begins with it.
Bibliography
- Davydova T.: Druzhok: Proverbs, sayings, popular expressions; Dragonfly publishing house, 2009
- Klyukhina I.V. Proverbs, sayings and popular expressions; GEF publishing house, 2008
- Sapozhnikov, V. Zolotov: Sacred History of the Old Testament; Bookinist edition, 1990
- Romashkina N.F. : Extra-curricular activities in a playful way; publishing house GLOBUS, 2005
Synopsis of the Russian language lesson,
dedicated to the day Russian language
Grade 10
Teacher of Russian language and literature
MAOU secondary school №38, Kaliningrad
Voitenko Elena Petrovna
2018
Kaliningrad
Topic: "The guardian language of the spiritual culture of the nation."
Integrated speech development lesson in grade 10
(Russian language, literature).
Target:
education of the idea of the Russian language as a spiritual, moral and cultural value of the people.
Tasks:
1
. Educational
Raising love for the native word, the Russian language as a symbol of the state;
Raising a sense of pride in the strength, beauty of the Russian word as an expression of the mentality of the Russian nation;
Cultivating respect for the word.
2 . Educational
Improving the skill of multi-aspect text analysis;
Creating your own artistic text as an emotional response to the topic raised.
3. Educational
Development critical thinking students when working with text;
Development of emotional responsiveness and susceptibility to the richness and beauty of the Russian word;
Development of creative abilities of students.
Methods and technologies used in the lesson: - dialogue technology, polylogue;
Student-centered learning;
Elements of critical thinking technology;
Productive and creative method (essay writing).
"Preservation of the Russian language, literature and culture
- These are matters of national security,
preservation of one's identity in the global world",
Vladimir Putin at the Congress of the Society of Russian Literature.
Lesson structure I stage
Challenge (creating creative motivation for a speech development lesson).
1. Word of the teacher.
Russian language! What a storm of feelings, emotions, thoughts, experiences will wash over each of us with the thoughtful pronunciation of this phrase! For many of us, Russian is our native language.
But the native language for the personality of a person is about the same as the air for his body. In the language we think, communicate, create, make decisions, and if unfree breathing is a threat to life, then not fluent command of the language is a threat to the individual. Yes, the most important means of communication isword. Without correct speech cannot be dispensed with. Business is the ability to speak persuasively. Politics is the ability to convince and win sympathy. And ordinary human relationships - friendship, cooperation, love - are thoroughly permeated with words. A person's ideas about the world and his country in this world are reflected in word usage: after all, everything begins with a word and ends in a word.
Language is the foundation of spiritual culture. This is the beauty that we inherited from our ancestors. Language is a link between times and peoples. Everyone should love, respect and appreciate their language, no matter what language group it belongs to.
Respect for one's language is respect for oneself, for one's Motherland.
The topic of today's lesson is one of the stages of an important dialogue about the spiritual traditions of our Fatherland, which you can continue in the lessons of literature, history, social studies, and a foreign language.
2. Comprehension of the epigraph.
Let's turn to the epigraph of the lesson. Find keywords.
Compiling a cluster
Russian language
saving, saving
National security
Own identity
global world
Group work (students use explanatory dictionaries)
Give an explanation of the keywords.
Discussion of lexical meanings.
How do you understand main idea epigraph?
The preservation of the Russian language is not only the preservation of the culture of the people, its spiritual component, but the preservationnation.
II stage
Making sense
Receptions:
Reading text
Multidimensional analysis
Work in pairs
Text heading
Teacher:
This is the historical responsibility that lies on each generation for the transmission of the language in safety and purity, which means that the same responsibility lies on each person.The great Russian teacher Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky pointed out that the native language is the best expression of the spiritual properties of the people.
1. Reading and understanding the text.
“The language of the people is the best, never fading and ever-re-blooming flower of its entire spiritual life, which begins far beyond the boundaries of history. The language spiritualizes the whole nation and all its homeland; in it the creative power of the people's spirit is transformed into a thought, a picture and a sound of the sky of the motherland, its air, its physical phenomena, its climate, its fields, mountains and valleys, its forests and rivers, its storms and thunderstorms - all that deep voice of native nature, full of thought and feeling, which speaks so loudly about man's love for his sometimes harsh homeland, which speaks so clearly in native song and native tunes, in the mouth folk poets. But in the bright, transparent depths of the national language, not only the nature of the native country is reflected, but the whole history of the spiritual life of the people ... Language is the most living, most abundant and strong bond that connects the obsolete, living and future generations of the people into one great, historical living whole. He not only expresses the vitality of the people, but is precisely this very life. When the national language disappears, there are no more people!” (K.D. Ushinsky "Native word").
Questions and tasks:
Read the text to yourself, title it.
Read the text aloud expressively.
What is this text about? What is its theme?
How does he prove his point? What arguments does he give?
What conclusion does it draw?
What means artistic expressiveness help the author to present his position convincingly?
2. Thinking about what you read (creating your own text).
Do you share the author's point of view? Answer the question in writing.
3. Solving the linguoculturological problem.
Teacher. Cyril and Methodius - creators Slavic writing. Russia traditionally celebrates the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture on May 24th. In 863, they created an alphabet for the Slavic peoples converted to Christianity, from that time Slavic writing, bookishness began.It must be remembered that each word has its own historical root, its own deep spiritual meaning.
The task: write your associations with the wordgratitude.
(Checking records).
I propose to study what the word "gratitude" means. When and how did it appear in the language?
To understand the meaning of the word "gratitude", let's turn to the materials of etymological, explanatory, word-forming dictionaries, to the works of philosophers and publicists.In this work, we use materials from the following sources: “Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S.I. Ozhegov, “Etymological Dictionary” by M. Fasmer, “Etymological Dictionary” by N.M. Dictionary of the Russian language" by I.A. Krylova, "Explanatory Dictionary" by V.I. Daliaand etc.
Group work: with handouts.
Group No. 1. Lexicography of the word.
1. Explanatory Dictionary of V. I. Dahl:
To thank or thank someone, on what, for what, to give in word or deed, or to wish someone good, good; to express gratitude, gratitude; to declare oneself a debtor for a service, to recognize a favor; to thank someone, to say thank you. Not to the guests of the host, but to the host of the guests to thank. Thanksgiving is the action of a thanker, an expression of thanks, gratitude; gratitude - a feeling of gratitude, a desire to repay someone for a favor, service, beneficence; the very execution of this in practice. Benevolent or grateful - able. Grace is the gifts of the Holy Spirit; help, sending down from above, to the fulfillment of the will of God; mercy, good deed, charity, help, advantage, benefit, abundance, excess, contentment.
2. Explanatory dictionary S.I. Ozhegov :
GRATITUDE - A feeling of gratitude towards someone. for the kindness, attention, service. Accept with gratitude. Bring b. to someone Do something. as a token of gratitude or b. for something. 2. only pl. Words expressing these feelings (colloquial). Spread out gratitude. 4. Official action. Announce b. in the order. Get B. from the directorate.
3. Explanatory dictionary D.N. Ushakov:
Gratitude - 1) a feeling of gratitude for the good done. 2) the expression of this feeling. Spread out gratitude. 3) a bribe.
Output: common in the interpretation of the word "gratitude" in the explanatory dictionaries of D.N. Ushakova, V.I. Dahl and S.I. Ozhegov is that gratitude is interpreted as a feeling or its expression. But in the dictionary D.N. Ushakov also mentions the meaning of gratitude as a bribe, and in the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov as an official action.
Group number 2. Etymology of the word.
1. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language I.A. Krylov:
Borrowing from Old Slavonic, where the noun good (“good, happiness”) arose on the basis of the adjective of the middle gender good - “good”. The original Russian form of this word was preserved only in the name of the city of Bologoye between Moscow and St. Petersburg.
2. :
good
Old Russian - a swamp.
Old Slavonic - good.
Common Slavic - bolgo (good).
The word "good" in the meaning of "good, benefit" has been known since the ancient Russian era (XI-XII centuries).
In the full-voiced form of “bologo”, it is borrowed from Church Slavonic, where the close modern form “good” was used.
The word goes back to the common Slavic substantiated adjective of the middle gender bolgo from bolgъ (-а, -о) - “good, kind, good”.
Related are:
Ukrainian is good.
Czech - blaho.
Derivatives: beneficent, charitable, well-being, do good, benefactor, grace, noble, ennoble.
3. Etymological Dictionary of A. Sitnikova:.
GOOD.
From st.-sl. lang. St.-sl. good - "good, happiness" arose on the basis of adj. cf. R. good - "good" as a result of the morphological-syntactic way of word formation.
This word, like many words with the first part good (grace, prosperity, benefactor, complacency, etc.), came from the Old Slavonic language, in which it was a copy of the Greek word with the meaning of the parts “good, good” and “give, present”.
give thanks, gratitude, gratitude, appreciation.
4. Etymological Dictionary of M. Fasmer :
good good - tser. glory. loans. instead of native Russian. *bolog; see more.
It is very common to use good in word compositions as a correspondence to the Greek. εὑ-ex: pious εὑσεβής, pious εὑήθης, noble εὑγενής, etc..
5. Etymological Dictionary of N.M. Shansky:
Thanks to. Icon.It arose from the participle thanks - from giving thanks, borrowings. from st.-sl. lang., derivational tracing paper Greek. eucharisteīn (eu "good, good", charisteīn "give, present").
Output: Comparison of dictionary entries of various etymological dictionaries about the word “thank you” allows us to conclude that all authors of etymological dictionaries believe that the word “thank you” comes from the Old Slavonic “good”, which came from the ancient Greek language.
Group #3. Interpretation of the word in other dictionaries and encyclopedias.
1. Bezrukova V.S. Fundamentals of spiritual culture:
GRATITUDE The attitude of a person towards a person (group, organization) who has rendered him a beneficence, a service in the past, expressed in a special sense of readiness to respond with mutual beneficence and in appropriate practical actions.
2. Letyagova T.V. A thousand states of the soul: a brief psychological and philological dictionary:
Gratitude is an emotional state of gratitude, highly appreciated the significance of someone's deeds, relationships. It is expressed as love, respect for a person or team of an organization, as a willingness to do good in return.
3. Bim-Bad B. M. Pedagogical terminological dictionary:
Gratitude is a feeling of approval or love for another person for a good deed done to them. As a moral feeling and duty, B. goes back to the most ancient relations of the ceremonial exchange of gifts, as well as to the relationship of reciprocity of services. In the history of thought, many moralists saw b. fundamental manifestation of the goodness of human activity. Initially b. was understood as a response with a service for a service, as a reciprocity that characterizes selfish relationships (Aristotle, Seneca, I. Kant. explain B. as a special kind of gift, namely, disinterested, voluntary, valuable in itself, is comprehended gradually. In antiquity, B. was understood as a virtue.Christianity understands b. rather as a duty.
Output: the above dictionaries consider gratitude as a moral quality of a person, characterized by gratitude and readiness to respond with mutual action.
Group number 4. Interpretation of words in the Bible.
“Give thanks, gratitude, thanksgiving, appreciation… Both the verb and the noun in the Old Testament are represented by the word"yadhah" , and in the New Testament - the Greek word"euchariste" . And the word"eucharisteo" - commonly used in Greek direct meaning"to thank", while the word"yadhah" is one of the synonyms for such concepts as "glorify", "praise", "bless". Therefore, in the Old Testament, this word is often translated as praise, glorification, chanting, doxology, praise.
In the New Testament, Thanksgiving to God is praising and glorifying our Creator for who He is and for His great works.” This is Gratitude to God for his sacrifice for the salvation of man.And according to the words of Archimandrite Savva (Mazhuko): “The Easter holiday is a holidaythanks for it is gratitude that lies at the foundation of Christianity.”
Old TestamentNew Testament
Gratitude
"yadhah"
Thank
"Eucharistein"
Thank
Translation
Same as
"glorify", "praise", "bless"
"thank"
Meaning
praise, glorify, glorify God
gratitude to God for his sacrifice for the salvation of man
Output: the word "thank you" comes from the Old Slavonic "good", which came from the ancient Greek language. - a common Slavic word with the meaning "good", a verbpresent , like a noun , are also common Slavic. What is curious is this: the word is formedthank in the same way as the Greek word eucharistein with the same meaning in Greek “good”, charistein - “to give”, “offer”. In this case, the Russian language did not borrow the word itself, but the way it was formed. This method is called tracing paper.Eucharist , according to Christian doctrine, a sacrament in which, under the guise of bread and wineChristians partake of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ. This Sacrament forms the basis of the main Christian service, the Divine Liturgy.. In this regard, one can speak of great importance this moral category for the worldview of a Russian person - the bearer of Christian, namely Orthodox culture.
Teacher. As we can see, comprehension of the secret of the word reveals its depth and true meaning. Every Russian word has a soul.Vladimir Ivanovich Dal wrote:“You can’t joke with language: a person’s verbal speech is a visible connection, a link between soul and body, spirit and flesh.”
The Russian language is our national treasure. Our task is to pass this jewel to the next generations in beauty, wealth and purity. Ivan Bunin wrote about the high purpose of the word. Expressive reading of the poem "The Word":
Silent tombs, mummies and bones,
Only the word is given life:
From the ancient darkness, on the world churchyard,
There are only letters.
And we have no other property!
Know how to save
Though to the best of my ability, in the days of anger and suffering,
Our immortal gift is speech.
Reflection
Creation of creative works.
creative work : Remember the topic of the lesson, the meaning of the epigraph and complete the sentence“By the attitude of each person to his language, one can absolutely accurately judge not only his cultural level, but also about .....”. (K.G. Paustovsky).
Reading creative works. Comparison with the original.
“In the attitude of each person to his language, one can absolutely accurately judge not only his cultural level, but alsohis civic value ) ". (K.G. Paustovsky).
Conclusion
Teacher
What new did you learn about Russian at the lesson today?
What did you learn about yourself after today's lesson?
I propose to complete our lesson with the words of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov: “The native word, known and comprehended in childhood, nourishes the soul with poetry born of history, culture, traditions of the people, awakens the origins in a person national pride. The native language is a repository of spiritual values. A person who refuses his native language is cut off from the roots of his ancestors; he cannot be a patriot of his small homeland. Any language is one of the main conditions for the unity and successful development of the nation. In this case, the Russian language is the greatest treasury of the national spiritual culture of the Russian people, the repository of their spiritual and moral ideas and ideals. Language education provides a person's familiarization with the spiritual heritage of previous generations and is the basis for the formation of ethnic and civic self-awareness of the individual.
Homework: write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of M.A. Sholokhov.
Topic."There is nothing stronger than words» (entertaining and cognitive lesson Russian language in high school)
During the classes.
Good afternoon dear friends! Today, November 22, Russia celebrates the Day of Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. The initiative to celebrate this Day belongs to the philologist and philosopher Mikhail Naumovich Epstein. (slide 1-2)
This is the birthday of V. I. Dahl (1801 - 1872), the creator of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language. A dictionary is not just a book, it completes and at the same time anticipates many books, it sums up the development of the language and paves the way for its future. Dictionaries deserve their holiday, and in Russia there is no more suitable date for this than Dahl's birthday. (slide 3)
Is this holiday celebrated only in our country?
No. Not only with us. For example, in America Dictionary Day is celebrated annually on October 16, in memory of the founder of the Webster series of dictionaries, Noah Webster (1758-1843), who was born on this day. On this day, American schools talk about different types of dictionaries, teach them how to use them, and work with particular enthusiasm to replenish students' vocabulary. (slide 4)
Ved.2.
- And on our Vocabulary Day, November 22, in addition to all of the above, we could think about how lucky we were with Dahl. Large academic dictionaries were published even before him, he also created a unique dictionary, representing not only the present composition of the language, but also the ways of its lexical enrichment. Dahl's dictionary is a book of word production, and not just word description. It includes not only what is said, but also what is said in Russian. Hence the generosity, if not "redundancy", of his verbal nests. Dahl cites all possible words from a given root, taking into account not the facts of their use, but the very possibility of their formation. This dictionary is not so much for reference use, but to awaken the taste and creativity of the language. None of the academic dictionaries can be compared with Dalevsky in presenting the word-forming richness of the Russian language, in conveying its living, creative spirit. It is no coincidence that this book was used - and inspired by it - by such different writers and poets as A. Bely, S. Yesenin and A. Solzhenitsyn.
Lenya, do you like to read the Dictionary?
Ved.2.
- You can also say - read! I can look if I don’t know what this or that word means, how it is spelled or pronounced correctly. And to read, you exaggerated it. What is there that is particularly interesting to subtract?
Ved.1.
Well, that's how to say. Very much even a lot of interesting, valuable and useful. From the dictionary, you can even find out what the dictionary itself is. For example, Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary says that "a dictionary is a book containing a list of words arranged in a certain order (usually alphabetically), with interpretations in the same language or with translation into another language." Dictionaries are used not only by schoolchildren and students, but even by teachers, writers and scientists. Anyone who is not lazy to look often in the dictionary will speak and write correctly. And he will not clog his speech with unnecessary foreign words, as well as rude, abusive and vernacular.
Agree. Then let's repeat today and learn as much as possible about dictionaries. And Galina Leonidovna and the guys will help us with this.
There are a lot of dictionaries. All of them are divided into 2 large categories:
1) encyclopedic dictionaries
2) linguistic (or - philological) dictionaries slide 5
If you need to find out when an event happened, what this or that scientific term means, to find out when a scientist or writer lived, what is the city or country where you are going to travel, then you need to contact encyclopedic dictionaries. They can tell you almost everything!
And in linguistic we will not find all this data in dictionaries - there the object of description is a word or its form.
Guys, do all of you know how to use a dictionary? Let's remember the basic rules for using a dictionary. (slide 6)
Dictionary reminder.
1. Read the word.
2. Determine what letter it begins with.
3. Find in the table of contents on which page this letter is.
REMEMBER! Words in the dictionary are arranged alphabetically not only by the first, but also by the second, third, fourth letters.
Student 1. I present an explanatory dictionary. (In the hands of a book)
explanatory dictionaries are very important. (slide 7) They explain the meanings of words. The most famous explanatory dictionary, of course, is the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl. He made it throughout his life.
In addition to the interpretation of the meaning of words (the dictionary has more than 200 thousand vocabulary units), Dahl's dictionary includes 30 thousand proverbs.
No less famous are S.I. Ozhegov's Dictionary of the Russian Language, which went through more than 20 editions, and the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Ozhegov and Shvedova. These dictionaries include the basic vocabulary of modern Russian literary language.
The number of words in the Russian language is constantly updated, so it is impossible to name their exact number. 17 volume Dictionary of the Modern Russian Literary Language of the Academy of Sciences has 131 thousand 257 words.
Knowledge of the language is essential for communication. The richer the vocabulary of a person, the richer his inner world. The vocabulary of Ellochka, the heroine of Ilf and Petrov, consisted of 30 words. ( watching an excerpt from the film). A Negro from the wild Numbo-Yumbo tribe needs more than 300 words. Shakespeare used 12 thousand words, and modern educated person must know and be able to use 20 thousand words in speech.
And now I will check the richness of your vocabulary. You must define a word by its lexical meaning.
1. Grand opening of an art exhibition. (Vernissage).
2. A period of time equal to ten days. (Decade).
3. Absurdity, nonsense. (Absurd).
4. An integral part of any compound, mixture. (Ingredient).
5. A person who pretends to be someone else, hiding his real name. (Incognita).
6. Vegetable world. (Flora).
7. Animal world. (Fauna).
8. The degree of distinctness of pronunciation. (Diction).
9. Theatrical puppet set in motion with the help of threads. (Puppet).
10. Literary work in the form of memories. (Memoirs).
11. Longing for the Motherland. (Nostalgia)
A kind of explanatory dictionaries are dictionaries foreign words, from which you can learn not only what certain foreign words and terms mean, but also what language they came to us from. Modern dictionary foreign words has 20,000 words.
I offer you 14 words of foreign origin. Your task is to alternately pick up a dictionary of foreign words, find the right word and find out its origin. (The guys are sitting at the same table. This is a team. The teacher gives a card with words.) (slide 8)
Card
Brochure, apathy, jasper, imposing, bluff, cantata, fake, pseudonym, epigram, tender, nylon, ideology, excess.
Let's check what happened.
Very popular with kids and teachers Phrasebook.
This is a special type explanatory dictionary, which gives 4 thousand phraseological units of the Russian language.
- What are phraseological units? (This stable combinations words that have a figurative meaning). - Let's look through it. (slide 9)
Beat the buckets ( sit back)
one field berry ( look like something bad)
bring to clean water expose someone's dark deeds)
to make mountains out of molehills(exaggerate)
wash the bones(gossip, condemn)
find out where crayfish hibernate(to find out what real difficulties or real punishment are).
shoe a flea ( show ingenuity)
Explain the meaning of these phraseological units.
And now independently correlate the phraseological unit and its meaning. (slide 10-11)
Meaning "to mess around".
Difficult, hopeless situation.
scold, scold, scold
Inconspicuous, insignificant person.
even cry
Spit on the ceiling.
Though a wolf howl.
Lather your neck.
The bump is on level ground.
Take off the shavings.
Answers. 2, 1, 2, 3,4, 3, 4, 1.
Student. 3.
- If we want to know how this or that word is spelled or pronounced correctly, spelling and orthoepic dictionaries will come to our aid.
The last largest orthographic dictionary, published in 2004, contains about 180,000 words.
Let's test your knowledge of ophography and orthoepy. (children receive cards) (slide 12)
1. Highlight the stressed syllable in words.
Turn on, get through, litter, uncork, cakes, put, heretic.
2. Insert missing letters into words.
Steward..a, intelligence..gal..ray, co..ersant, wind..nar, gig..byte, m..b..lization.
Student. 4.
There are many words in the vocabulary of the Russian language that are similar in meaning. A Russian proverb says: "Tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are." Will tell us about the words-friends Synonym dictionary. (slide 13)
- What are synonyms? (Student answers) Synonyms are words that are close in meaning but different in spelling. For example: truth is truth.
But synonyms are synonyms only as long as they are in the dictionary. “In the context of live speech, one cannot find a single situation in which it would be all the same how to say: a horse or a horse, a child or a child.
Pick up synonyms for the words: noticeable, space, run away.
Examination. (Students read their written words. Student 4 reads all the synonyms from the dictionary for these words.)
There are a lot of dictionaries. Look, what other dictionaries have we not mentioned today?
(Guys list.) slide 14
Well, if you want to know the whole ins and outs of the truth about the word, then you cannot avoid the question of its origin: where and when the word appeared, from what parts and by what method it was formed, what meaning it had in the distant past, how its meaning changed. It will help you answer this question. Etymological dictionary. slide 15
- Etymology is the science of the origin of a word, its original meaning (ethmos - truth).
Look into this dictionary and read the history of any word.
And there are dictionaries of the origin of names and surnames. That's homework you will have something special today. Find and explain the origin of your first and last name. Write down in a notebook.
Ved.2. Yes, there is indeed a lot of information. And you won't digest it right away. It turns out that a dictionary is a book of books. This is the entire universe in alphabetical order.
Certainly. Therefore, you and I need to learn how to read this general ledger knowledge.
“Look more diligently every day in the dictionary.
Sparks of feeling flicker in its columns.
Art will descend into the cellars of words more than once,
Holding your secret lantern in your hand.
In all words - events seal.
They were given for good reason to man.
Reading: “Vek. From a century. Forever.
Live a century. God did not give his son a century.
\ A century to seize, a century to heal someone else ... "
The words sound reproach, and anger, and conscience.
No, not a dictionary lies before me,
And an ancient scattered story.
The teacher thanks the hosts, children, guests of the event.
1. organizational moments. Topic message.
Purpose: to acquaint with the events of the life of Saints Cyril and Methodius, the compilers of the Slavic alphabet.
Equipment: a portrait of Cyril and Methodius, an alphabet, the words are written on the board: “Glory to you brothers, Slavic enlighteners”, children are wearing sundresses, shirts, kosovorotkas, a suit of “History”, “Priest”.
During the classes
The topic of the lesson.
Teacher: Read the topic of the lesson on the board. What do you think our lesson is about?
(Student answers)
Teacher: Our lesson is dedicated to the Day of Slavic Writing. Many years ago, our Bulgarian brothers laid the foundation for this wonderful tradition. On the day of memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius, May 24, schooling ends in Bulgaria. Teachers, pupils and their parents take to the streets of Sofia in a magnificent colorful procession. Children and adults carry banners, banners and homemade flags with Slavic letters. Poems and prayers glorifying the Enlighteners of the Slavs sound:
Brothers! Holy Dyad
On this day, we will gladly honor!
enlighteners honest
Let's make the memory bright.
Song of praise, eloquent
Let us praise them:
Rejoice, Cyril,
Rejoice, Methodius,
Rejoice, apostles of the Slovenian countries!
The topic of the lesson.
The wonderful tradition of celebrating the Days of Slavic Literature has been revived in Russia. We weave into this Slavic wreath and our Russian flower - the Russian language holiday. We are preparing for this great and very important spiritual and educational holiday in advance, teaching and repeating poems, odes to the glory of the great Slavic teachers!
(Knock on the door, a girl enters on her head with a sign “History”)
History: Good afternoon. Who am I? I came to you in a time machine from the distant past, from the 9th century. With me is a history tape with dates, names, words, concepts. (Hangs out the alphabet on the board). I see these words on the board: “Glory to you, brothers, Slavs enlighteners”
Who are brothers? Who are the Slavs?
How do you understand the word enlighteners?
Teacher: The memory of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius is celebrated throughout the Christian world on May 24th.
Saints Cyril and Methodius before us
We honor their great and glorious holiday.
Their simple letters - aren't they sparks?
Isn't it a spray of heavenly rays?
Sheaves of Great Eternal Light
They shone over the lives of people.
To the north Slavic from the bright south
Those holy sparks they carried,
And they were not blown away by a severe blizzard,
They blazed across the bosom of the earth.
You are pure, young, sweet children!
Love the saints of these saints!
And let before you in a mysterious light
Their faces shine in golden crowns.
In heavy doubt, in everyday adversity.
In trouble - you repeat their names.
Our teachers, Cyril and Methodius
Keep us in prayer for all time.
History: There are many versions about the origin of the word SLAVYANIN, one of them is that it comes from the words SLAY, BELONG, that is, to become famous, famous or glorified. The scientist wrote that according to the names of their heroes, the people were first called so within their country, and then the “glorious” name was established throughout the world.
Teacher: So who are the enlighteners of the Slavs, what did they become famous for? Let's listen to a historical song written by the Dyakov family.
HISTORICAL SONG ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRIL AND METHODIUS
Many years have passed since then,
Many waters are glass in the sea-ocean,
And that feat is alive, passed through the centuries
And he was embodied in the sound of letters.
Oh, long time ago, 1000 years ago
To the emperor, yes great,
The man came from Moravia
With pain, with a request for the people for their own -
To preach, but understandable,
So that he could carry on conversations with Christ.
It is no coincidence that the choice fell then -
On Cyril-light and Methodius,
Brothers of Thessalonica from Macedonia.
Kirill has been engaged since childhood with Wisdom,
He learned important secrets of science,
The experience was rich and the soul is pure.
And Methodius the brother was very modest,
Taking care of the younger brother in everything,
Youngest brother and beloved.
And Cyril created in a short time
Letters of the Slavs, to learn from them,
Based on ancient letters,
The letters are ancient, Phoenician.
And he took the Gospel and the Psalter,
He translated everything from the Greek language,
Methodius the brother helped him.
Saying goodbye to your mother,
And praying earnestly,
The brothers of light went on their way,
They went on a difficult path, to a foreign land.
They carried to the city of Velegrad
Your knowledge and invaluable work.
The people met them with great joy,
Rostislav rendered them honor.
And everyone listened with amazement
Wonderful sounds of native and understandable words.
People are messengers and chosen ones,
gifted, enlightened,
They go on a difficult path, carry a heavy cross,
But their deeds live through the ages.
Teacher: From the "Tale of Bygone Years" - we learn that once the Slavic princes Rostislav, Svyatopolk, and Kotsel sent ambassadors to the Byzantine king Michael with the following words: "Our land is baptized, but we do not have a teacher who would instruct and instruct us, and explained the holy books. For we know neither Greek nor Latin; some teach us in this way, and others in another way, because of this we do not know either the outline of the letters or their meaning. And send us teachers who could tell us about book words and their meaning.
Then Tsar Michael called to himself two learned brothers - Constantine and Methodius and sent them to the Slavic land. Cyril and Methodius, the first teachers of the Slavs, were born and lived in Greece in the city of Thessalonica in the 9th century. They were famous for their scholarship and education, deep faith in God and good knowledge of the Slavic language. Therefore, the Greek Patriarch Photius and Tsar Michael sent them to preach the Word of God to the Slavic peoples in a language understandable to them, which is why we call them Equal-to-the-Apostles, because, like the disciples of Christ, they carried the word of God to other peoples.
It happened in 863. The holy brothers composed letters, invented the Slavic alphabet, specially adapted for the exact transmission of Slavic speech, and translated the Apostle and the Gospel. Together with their students, they translated all the Books of Holy Scripture from Greek into a language understandable to every Slav. The Church Slavonic language came to us in Russia in 988. after Prince Vladimir received holy baptism, and then all of Russia was baptized. "And the Slavs were glad that they heard about the greatness of God in their own language."
History: And how do you understand such an expression “Start with the basics”, “Az and beeches - that's all the sciences”, “Do not poke your head, beeches, the basics are ahead”. This is all about the letters said the Slavic people. And what proverbs and sayings about the word, letters do you know? (give out tokens)
(Children name proverbs, and history distributes tokens).
With the advent of national writing, each nation marks a special milestone in its history, but it is not always possible to set such a milestone with an accuracy of even several centuries. Slavic, and therefore our Russian writing has an amazing origin. We can not only determine the time of its appearance up to a year, but we also know the names of its creators - these are the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius.
Teacher: In ancient Russia, clergy-priests or deacons taught children to read and write. Children were not given grades, and for unlearned lessons, children were flogged with rods, put in a corner, left without lunch. In the old days, they wrote with goose quills, scribes at monasteries copied books by hand, and it took a year or more to make one book. The letters were not as clumsy as those of some of our students, but even, straight, clear. And also painted capital letters brush, and these letters were more like different objects and people. Capital letters were called DRAWINGS. And they used to write with ink, which was made from ink nuts, cherry glue, tannins. The first books were made from parchment - specially processed pig or calf skin. In Russia they were called CHARATE SCROLLS / the Church Slavonic alphabet - "Cyrillic" in its unchanged form, our Russian Orthodox Church still uses to this day.
History: I suggest everyone to go to the distant past. Close all your eyes... 1,2,3.
(A student in the clothes of a clergyman comes out)
Priest Disciple: Sit down, my children.
Kids! You should
Wake up early
wash white,
Gather in God's church
Take for the alphabet!
Pray to God!
And then you'll be all right. So let's repeat the letters.
Az, beeches - take a pointer in your hands,
Az, beeches, verdei - flies flew into kvass,
Er, er - grandfather fell from the mountain,
Az, beeches - that's all science.
May 24 - Memorial Day of Saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius, the creators of Slavic writing. Russia traditionally celebrates the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. This holiday, after many decades of oblivion, was revived in our country in 1986, and in 1991 it was given the status of a state holiday. Today we will talk about the current state of the Russian language and its place in the world.
2. Task . Write down the beginning of the phrase and compose its continuation: “For me, the Russian language is ...” Make it so that it turns out to be a complex sentence, part of which is complicated homogeneous members. Explain the placement of a dash in a sentence.
3. Exercise 13 . Read the poem aloud.
How can you call the feeling, the intonation that lives in the poem?
How do you think, how would the author of this poem continue the sentence about the Russian language?
Teacher's word about (the largest writer of the twentieth century, Nobel laureate, who emigrated to France in 1920 at the age of 50, wrote there only about Russia, which he took with him to his heart, and only in Russian, although he lived in a foreign land for more than 30 years and was fluent in French)
And flowers, and bumblebees, and grass, and ears of corn,
And azure, and midday heat ...
The time will come - the Lord of the prodigal son will ask:
"Were you happy in your earthly life?"
And I will forget everything - I will remember only these
Field paths between ears and grasses -
And from sweet tears I will not have time to answer,
Falling on merciful knees.
This poem, written by him in 1918 in the south of Russia, where he was forced to "retreat" with the White Army, is farewell to his homeland.
Let's see what opportunities the poet's native language provided for expressing a complex range of feelings?
Determine the speech style of this text.
Let's turn to the text of a different style.
Saints Cyril and Methodius
Brothers Cyril and Methodius grew up in a noble family that lived in Greek city Thessalonica. Methodius was the eldest of seven brothers, Constantine was the youngest. Methodius was in a military rank and was the ruler in one of the subordinates Byzantine Empire Slavic principalities, Bulgarian, which gave him the opportunity to learn the Slavic language.
The future Slavic enlighteners received an excellent upbringing and education. Constantine from infancy showed extraordinary mental gifts. While studying at the Thessalonica school and not yet reaching the age of fifteen, he already read the books of the most thoughtful of the fathers of the Church of the 4th century - Gregory the Theologian. The rumor about the talent of Constantine reached Constantinople, and then he was taken to the court, where he studied with the emperor's son from the best teachers of the capital of Byzantium. From the famous scientist Photius, the future Patriarch of Constantinople, Constantine studied ancient literature. Constantine studied with the best teachers of Constantinople and perfectly comprehended all the sciences of his time and many languages, having received the nickname Philosopher for his mind and outstanding knowledge. He also comprehended philosophy, rhetoric, mathematics, astronomy and music. Constantine was expected to have a brilliant career at the imperial court, wealth and marriage to a noble beautiful girl. But he preferred to retire to a monastery on Mount Olympus to Methodius, his brother, - tells his biography, in order to constantly pray and engage in pious reflections.
However, Konstantin could not spend long periods of time in solitude. As the best preacher of the faith, a defender of Orthodoxy, he was often sent to neighboring countries to participate in disputes. These trips were very successful for Konstantin. Once, traveling to the Khazars, he visited the Crimea. Constantine's whole life was filled with frequent difficult, difficult trials and hard work. This undermined his strength, and at the age of 42 he became very ill. Shortly before his death, he took monastic vows with the name Cyril and quietly died in 869. It happened in Rome, when the brothers once again came to seek support from the Pope in their main business - the spread of Slavic writing. Before his death, Cyril said to his brother: “You and I, like two oxen, led the same furrow. I am exhausted, but don’t you think to leave the work of teaching and retire to your mountain again.” Methodius outlived his brother by 16 years. Enduring hardships and reproach, he continued the great work - translation into Slavic Holy books, the preaching of the Orthodox faith, the baptism of the Slavic people. He left as his successor the best of his students, Archbishop Gorazd, and about two hundred Slavic priests trained by him.
We learn about the beginning of Slavic writing from the main Russian chronicle - "The Tale of Bygone Years". It tells how once the Slavic princes Rostislav, Svyatopolk and Kotsel sent ambassadors to the Byzantine king Michael with the words: “Our land is baptized, but we do not have a teacher who would instruct and instruct us, and explained the holy books. For we know neither Greek nor Latin; some teach us in this way, and others in another way, because of this we do not know either the outline of the letters or their meaning. And send us teachers who could tell us about book words and their meaning. Then Tsar Michael summoned two learned brothers - Constantine and Methodius, and "the king persuaded them and sent them to the Slavic land ... When these brothers arrived, they began to compose the Slavic alphabet and translated the Apostle and the Gospel."
This happened in 863. This is where Slavic writing originated. “And the Slavs were glad that they heard about the greatness of God in their own language.” Then the brothers translated the Psalter, the Octoechos, and other church books.
With the adoption of Christianity, the Slavic alphabet also came to Russia. And in Kyiv, and in Novgorod, and in other cities, schools began to be created for teaching Slavic literacy. Teachers from Bulgaria appeared in the Russian land - the successors of the work of Cyril and Methodius.
The new alphabet was called "Cyrillic" after the monastic name of Constantine. The Slavic alphabet was compiled on the basis of the Greek one, significantly changing it in order to convey the Slavic sound system. Two alphabets were created - Glagolitic and Cyrillic. Initially, there was a firm belief that only three languages were worthy for worship and writing church books (Hebrew, Greek and Latin). The Pope, after the introduction of the new alphabet by the brothers, approved worship in the Slavic language, and ordered the books translated by the brothers to be placed in Roman churches and to celebrate the liturgy in the Slavic language.
4. Exercise 9 . Read the text. What style of speech does it belong to?
Complete the tasks from the exercise.
5. Exercise 1 . From this exercise, choose 2 questions that you would be interested in answering. Write the answers in a notebook and read them in small groups.
6. Read the texts exercises 2,6,8 and formulate several reasons why it is now important and necessary to learn Russian for both Russian citizens and foreigners.
(Additional information is offered in the form of a computer presentation, the slides of which contain data published on the Internet in connection with the celebration of the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture)
7. Generalization.
What new did you learn about the place and role of the Russian language in the modern world? What made you anxious and what made you proud as native speakers of this language? What conclusions, important for yourself, have you made about your native language?
At the lesson, the children are told that since February 21, 2000, the day of the native language has been celebrated. The lesson is conducted in an interesting game form, while there is a consolidation and control of previously acquired knowledge by students.
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Municipal budgetary educational institution secondary school No. 4
city of Apsheronsk, Krasnodar Territory
Primary school teacher
Nevolina O.V.
Synopsis of the Russian language lesson in grade 3
Subject: International Mother Language Day.
Goals: the formation of a careful attitude to the native language, to cultivate love for the Russian language; development of students' speech; activation of verbal-logical thinking; improving knowledge about parts of speech.
During the classes:
- Organizing time.The topic of the lesson.
Today we have an unusual lesson. It will be dedicated to International Mother Language Day.
- Work on the topic of the lesson.
- Talk about language.
International Mother Language Day was proclaimed by UNESCO in 1999 and has been celebrated on February 21 since 2000. (slide)
In different countries of the world, people today speak 6,000 languages. "Great languages" are called Chinese, Indian, English - they are used by the largest number of people. They are followed by German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, Arabic and of course Russian. Learning a language is very interesting and exciting.
In the history of the Russian people there is a proverb: "They meet according to clothes - they see off according to the mind." She tells us that not only is important appearance but also what a person thinks and says. One wise man said: “Just as the strength of pottery is tested by the ringing, a person is tested by the words that speak his mouth.”
I will give you an interesting example. The famous fabulist Aesop was in Ancient Greece slave. One day his master told him to prepare the best food for the guests. Aesop bought the tongues and made three dishes out of them. Aesop said to the owner: “What can be better language in the world?" Another time, after the order to buy the worst, Aesop again bought languages, explaining that through language people can quarrel, become enemies, start a war.
1st reader
Do not count languages and dialects on earth,
They probably exist forever.
But our Russian language is dearer to all of us,
And each of us got used to it from childhood.
2nd reader
But that's bad luck, we are Russian, like,
However, what you will not hear among the people:
Words distort, distort speech.
We will try to warn you.
3rd reader
Not - there, but there, and not here, but here,
However, my friend, mistakes are countless.
And high o, deep o, what's the matter?
Dela, I'll tell you how white the soot is!
1st reader
Are you Russian or Chukchi? Then, if possible,
Set the accents, it's not difficult.
Leisure at g, and not leisure, ringing and t, and not ringing.
Mistakes are everywhere: at school and at home.
There about zhnya, move and taystvo and rolled about g -
Memorize and memorize them.
2nd reader
Dostoevsky and Gorky wrote in Russian,
Turgenev, Yesenin, Tolstoy and more.
Be careful with your tongue my friend
And listen to the speeches of friends and girlfriends.
3rd reader
What the hell are you, in kind, got it, cormorants,
I don't give a damn about your lessons.
I am a cool pepper, and my market is what you need.
Guys, this is just bravado!
1st reader
Don't waste your words
Be responsible for every word!
The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you won’t catch it!
You know this proverb from childhood!
2nd reader
"Know the price of every word!", -
We repeat over and over again!
Teach! Honor our great language!
After all, the Russian language is both powerful and great!
(slide)
And what did prominent Russians and foreign writers:
“Take care of the purity of the language, like a shrine! Never use foreign words. The Russian language is so rich and flexible that we have nothing to take from those who are poorer than us.”
Turgenev I.S.
“O great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language”, - I.S. Turgenev.
“The Russian language is real, strong, where it is necessary - strict, serious, where it is necessary - passionate, where it is necessary - lively, lively,” L.N. Tolstoy considered.
“This is the most beautiful of all European languages,” wrote the classic French literature Proster Merimee.
“There is no doubt that the Russian language is one of the richest languages in the world.”
Belinsky V.G.
“The Russian language in skillful hands and in experienced lips is beautiful, melodious, expressive, flexible, obedient, dexterous and roomy.”
Kuprin A.I.
- What is a word.
As you know, our speech consists of sentences, which in turn consist of words. A man needed a word in order to give a name to everything that is in the world and to himself. After all, in order to talk about something and even think about it, you need to call it somehow.
A name is given to everything - both to the beast and to the object,
There are a lot of things around, but there are no nameless ones.
And all that the eye can see - above us and below us,
And everything that is in our memory is signified by words.
1st student
There are words - like wounds, words - like a court, -
They do not surrender with them and do not take prisoners.
Words can kill, words can save
In a word, you can lead the shelves behind you,
In a word, you can sell and betray and buy,
In a word, you can pour it into smashing lead.
But we have words for all words in the language:
Glory, Motherland, Loyalty, Freedom and Honor.
2nd student
Every word has its own flavor.
Some words are bitter as wormwood.
Others are sweeter than Abkhazian melons.
There are words, like seasonings among the highlanders,
And there are other words
What sea water salty and bitter.
There are also tasteless, like grass.
People have all sorts of words.
I invite you to go on a journey through the country of linguistics.
So let's start our tournament.
Today old friends are waiting for you, everyone will recognize them - both you and me!
- Noun.
I have been living in this world for a long time, giving names to objects.
(Noun)
Competition "Catch the word"
I will name the words, and you will catch them, i.e. write down. girls are nouns female and boys are masculine.
Cloak, swift, night, silence, bream, help, rook, doctor, daughter, hut, oven, ball, speech, lie, already, thing.
Contest "Guess the word"(slide)
The root of the word TALE.
Suffix, as in the word CARRIER.
Prefix in the word EXPENSE.
Ending in the word HOUSE.
(the narrator)
The root is in the word SNOWFLAKE.
The prefix in the word DRIVED.
Suffix in the word FOREST.
Ending in the word TABLE.
(snowdrop)
Competition "Tender"
I will speak the word, and you will turn it into an affectionate, pleasant one.
Mom (mommy), sun (sun) , brother, cat, bird, daughter, castle, pencil.
- Adjective.
I give signs to objects - they are very noticeable with me.
I decorate your speech, you need to know me, take care of me!
(Adjective)
Competition "Describe a toy"(slide)
The teacher shows objects on the slide. Task: write as many adjectives as possible that describe the subject.
- Verbs.
That for me objects are just names,
And I will come - everything will come into action.
(Verb)
Contest "Say the other way around"
I will say the word high, and you will answer ...(low).
I will say a word far, and you will answer ...(close).
I will say the word coward, you will answer ...(brave).
Now the beginning I will say, you will answer ...(the end).
Open, lie down, cry, leave, talk, find, run out, fall asleep.
Competition "Replace with one verb"
Give a chirp -(run away), scratch tongues - (talk) , lead by the nose -(deceive) , bite your tongue -(shut up) , Nick down -(remember), fall down - (tired).
- Pronoun.
I have such an opinion about myself: my role is huge.
I give myself to the cause in full, I replace the names.
(Pronoun)
How many personal pronouns are in the word "family"?(family)
The first syllable is a personal pronoun, the second is the sound the frog makes. Together - a vegetable.(pumpkin)
The first syllable is a personal pronoun, the second is the same as misfortune. Together they denote petty slander or a slanderer.(I am trouble)
- Summary of the lesson.
Well done boys. You did a very good job today and I hope you learned something new and interesting for yourself. (slide)
If you want to argue fate, if you are looking for consolation, a flower garden,
If you need a solid support, learn Russian. https://accounts.google.com
Slides captions:
dos u g ringing and t move and the mystery is there about zhnya rolled about g
“The Russian language in skillful hands and in experienced lips is beautiful, melodious, expressive, flexible, obedient, dexterous and roomy.” Kuprin A.I. “There is no doubt that the Russian language is one of the richest languages in the world.” Belinsky V.G. “This is the most beautiful of all European languages,” wrote the classic of French literature, Proster Mérimée.
fairy tale cabby house expense narrator
snowflake drove up table forester under snow nick
If you want to argue with fate, if you are looking for the joy of a flower garden, If you need a solid support, learn Russian. He is your mentor, great, mighty, he is a translator, he is a guide, If you storm the steep knowledge, learn the Russian language!
Thanks! The lesson is over!
