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Open All-Russian Intellectual Olympiad "Our Heritage"
School tour 2017/18 (grades 5-7)
TEST
1. In
A. Login
B. Nickname
B. Synonym
A. Zhitkov B.S.
B. Marshak S.Ya.
V. Nosov N.N.
G. Uspensky E.N.
A. Tale
B. Story
V. Roman
G. Tom
4. The capital of Sweden. The famous writer Astrid Lindgren lived in this city:
A. Copenhagen
B. Oslo
V. Stockholm
City of Helsinki
A. Almanac
B. Atlas
B. Catalog
G. Coloring
A. "Gelsomino in the Land of Liars", "The Adventures of Pinocchio", "The Adventures of Chipolino"
B. "Live Hat", "Dunno on the Moon", "Deniskin's Stories"
V. "Holidays in Prostokvashino", "Crocodile Gena and his friends", "Mishkina porridge"
A. Aivazovsky I.K.
B. Vasnetsov Yu.A.
V. Malevich K.S.
G. Michelangelo B.
was printed...
A. Ivan Kulibin
B. Ivan Fedorov
V. Kuzma Minin
G. Nikolai Karamzin
A. 1
B. 2
IN 3
G. 4
A. Bambi
B. Leader of the Redskins
W. Mowgli
G. Rikki-tikki-tavi
LOGICS
1. Six vowels fell out of the proverb, restore it:
2. How many quadrilaterals are in the picture?
_________________________
LIBRARY
IBBLIOTEAC
IBBLIOTAEK
IBLBIOTEC
____________________________
4. Fill in the empty cells.
2 29 13 (BY L I N A) 10 15 1
19 12 1 (. . . . . .) 9 12 1
7. Arrange the letters in the cells so that you get the author and the bird, one of the heroines of his works.
A B C L N O O R S
________________________
___________________________
10. Solve the metagram by writing both words in the answer
I am a folk creation
Entertainment for kids.
Replace only a letter for me -
In the teacher's hand.
___________________
Full name _________________________________ Class___________________
READING
Libraries first appeared in the ancient East. Usually the collection of clay tablets, approximately 2500 BC, is called the first library. e., found in the temple of the Babylonian city of Nippur. In one of the tombs near Egyptian Thebes, a box with papyri from the time II was found transition period(XVIII−XVII centuries BC). In the era of the New Kingdom, Ramesses II collected about 20,000 papyri. The most famous ancient Eastern library is a collection of cuneiform tablets from the palace of the Assyrian king of the 7th century BC. e. Ashurbanipal in Nineveh. The main part of the plates contains legal information. In ancient Greece, the first public library was founded in Heraclea by the tyrant Clearchus (4th century BC).
The Library of Alexandria became the largest center of ancient literature. It was created in the III century BC. e. Ptolemy I and was the center of education of the entire Hellenistic world. The Library of Alexandria was part of the mouseĩon (museum) complex. The complex included living rooms, dining rooms, reading rooms, botanical and zoological gardens, an observatory and a library. Later, medical and astronomical instruments, stuffed animals, statues and busts were added to it, which were used for teaching. The mouseĩon included 200,000 papyri in the Temple (almost all libraries of antiquity were attached to temples) and 700,000 documents in the School. Museum and most Library of Alexandria were destroyed around 270 AD.
In the Middle Ages, the monastic libraries were the centers of literacy, in which scriptoria operated. Not only the Holy Scriptures and the writings of the Church Fathers were copied there, but also the works of ancient authors. During the Renaissance, Renaissance figures literally “hunted” for Greek and Latin texts preserved in monasteries. Due to the enormous cost of manuscripts and the laboriousness of their production, books were chained to library shelves.
The invention of the printing press and the development of printing brought about enormous changes in the appearance and activity of libraries, which were now more and more different from archives. Library collections are beginning to grow rapidly. With the spread of literacy in modern times, the number of library visitors also grows.
In total, there are approximately 130 million titles of books in libraries today.
Text taken from Wikipedia
1. Clay 2. Cuneiform 3. Papyrus 4. Effigies
ALEXANDRIA | ASSYRIA | BABYLON | EGYPT |
Workshop for copying manuscripts, mainly in monasteries.
WORD
"SUBSCRIPTION"
≥4 | ||||
Preview:
KEYS TO THE SCHOOL TOUR Grades 5-7
TEST
1. In fictitious name by which the author signs the work:
B. Nickname
V. Nosov N.N.
3. Great narrative work of fiction with complex plot
V. Roman
Capital of Sweden. The famous writer Astrid Lindgren lived in this city:
V. Stockholm
5. An album containing images of various objects (maps, drawings, drawings), serving for educational or practical purposes:
B. Atlas
6. Select the option where the works written by one author are indicated:
G. "Song of Prophetic Oleg”, “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel”
7. Last name of a famous children's book illustrator:
B. Vasnetsov Yu.A.
8. The first printed book in Russia "Apostle", dated 1564,was printed...
B. Ivan Fedorov
9. The works of how many foreign writers are listed in the list: “Wild Swans”, “Uncle Fyodor, a dog and a cat”, “Kashtanka”, “Humpbacked Horse”, “Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof”, “Chuk and Gek "?
B. 2
10. Based on the quote, determine the title of the work: “- Having thrown off the skin, you will not fit into it again. Such is the Law of the Jungle, said Kaa.
W. Mowgli
KEYS TO LOGIC
_____________________________
2. How many quadrangles are in the picture?
_________________________
3. What combination of letters is next?
LIBRARY
IBBLIOTEAC
IBBLIOTAEK
IBLBIOTEC
____________________________
4. Fill in the empty cells.
5. Insert the missing letter so that the name can be read literary genre. Write this word.
6. Define the word in brackets.
1 28 12 (BY L I N A) 9 14 0
18 11 0 (. . . . . .) 8 11 0
7. Arrange the letters in the cells so that you get the name of the famous Russian fabulist and one of the heroines of his works.
A B C L N O O R S
8. Guess which word is hidden in the picture (isograph):
________________________
9. Having solved the rebus, write down the title of the work and indicate its author:
___________________________
10. Remembering literary terms, solve the metagram by writing both words in the answer, which consist of 6 letters.
The first consists of combinations of the second
The first differs from the second penultimate letter
The first has a note at the end
Reading the letters in them in the order 5432, we will see in the first fortification,
and in the second sports ground.
___________________
Full name _________________________________ Class___________________
READING
The reign of the emperors Alexander II, Alexander III and Nicholas II - these are the "golden years" of charity and mercy. At this time, a whole system of guardianship begins to take shape. Among the representatives of the reigning House of Romanov were real ascetics of charity and mercy: Empresses Maria Alexandrovna, Alexandra Feodorovna, Maria Feodorovna (mother of Nicholas II), Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (now the holy martyr Elizabeth), Alexandra Petrovna (now the holy nun Anastasia of Kyiv), a close relative of the imperial family, Prince Peter of Oldenburg - trustee of the Kiev House of Charity for the Poor, patron of the Eye Hospital. Many members of the House of Romanov built charitable institutions, shelters and almshouses at their own expense, actively patronized charity institutions.
The tradition of Russian charity was broken by the 1917 revolution. All funds of public and private charitable organizations were nationalized in a short time, their property was transferred to the state, and the organizations themselves were abolished by special decrees.
Olympiad "Our Heritage" cooperates with the Orthodox help service "Mercy".
27 service projects are located in different parts of Moscow, and some programs extend to the whole country. The "Mercy" service is a single organism, a single service to help the most disadvantaged: lonely old people, the disabled, pregnant women who find themselves without a roof over their heads, orphans, the homeless, HIV-infected.
One of key features service "Mercy" - the presence of its own infrastructure, thanks to which comprehensive, professional and long-term assistance is provided to permanent wards. St. Sophia Social Home, Rehabilitation Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy, Elizaveta Orphanage, St. Spiridonievskaya Almshouse, "House for Mom" and many other projects are non-governmental non-profit institutions that are part of the "Mercy" service.
80% of the service "Mercy" exists on donations, so the fate of all those whom the service helps depends on how regularly funds are received from philanthropists. The service "Mercy" has about 400 permanent wards - those whom the employees of "Mercy" take care of year after year. These are orphans who are brought up in orphanages and state boarding schools, lonely old people in an almshouse, disabled adults in a psycho-neurological boarding school, and others. In just a year, the Mercy service helps more than 20,000 people in need.
It would be great if at least once a year each participant of our Olympiad consciously refuses, for example, from buying ice cream and transfers these funds to support one of the Mercy services.https://miloserdie.help/projects/ .
Together we can do a lot of good things.
1. Fill in the table. Under each word, write down the corresponding word or its number from the list (1 point per match):
1. Almshouse 2. Monasticism 3. Ophthalmology 4. Home
ALEXANDRA | PETER | SPIRIDON | SOFIA |
2. Identify the word from the description (2 points):
___________________________ - transfer of land, industrial enterprises, banks, transport or other property belonging to private individuals to the ownership of the state.
3. Fill in the table (2 points for correct filling. Words must be in the correct case and written without errors):
WORD
1. Make words from the letters of the word
"MERCY"
in accordance with the number of letters indicated in the previous cell. Words should be only nouns, common nouns, in the singular.
KEYS TO SCHOOL TOUR 8-11 grades Maximum 10 points for each task. Maximum 40 points for work. Time to write the paper 30 minutes TEST 1 . In 1868, the famous journal Otechestvennye Zapiski began to be edited by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, G.Z. Eliseev and Russian poet, writer and publicist, author of the poems "Frost, Red Nose", "Russian Women", the poem "Grandfather Mazai and Hares". Name it: B. Nekrasov N.A. 2. In 1868, Samarkand was occupied by Russian troops and annexed to Russian Empire, and became the center of the Zeravshan district, transformed in 1887 into the Samarkand region. On the territory of which modern state is the city of Samarkand located? G. Uzbekistan 3. Russian ethnographer, anthropologist, biologist and traveler who studied indigenous people Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania, including the Papuans of the northeast coast of New Guinea: V. Miklukho-Maklay N. N. 4. What nickname did Emperor Alexander III receive from his contemporaries? B. Peacekeeper 5. In 1880, a monument was erected in Moscow, created with public donations by the sculptor A.M. Opekushin. To whom is the monument dedicated, to which “the folk path will not overgrow”? G. Pushkin A.S. 6. What name did the wife of Nicholas II, nee Princess Victoria Alice Elena Louise Beatrice of Hesse-Darmstadt, take when joining Orthodoxy? A. Alexandra Fedorovna 7. How many children were in the family of Nicholas II? D. four girls and a boy 8. During the years of which war did the crossing of the Danube, the siege of Plevna, the defense of Shipka, the battle at Sheinovo take place? B. Russian-Turkish 9. From the list provided, select a discovery that was made at the end of the 19th century: AT. Periodic system chemical elements Mendeleev 10. Select a list that lists works that appeared in the second half of the 19th century: G. The epic novel "War and Peace", the painting "Bogatyrs", the monument "Millennium of Russia" KEYS TO LOGIC 1.
Book
-
key
to knowledge
2. 22 3. IBLIBAOTEK (the first and last letters are moved one letter towards each other) In the first cell - the product of the numbers in the two previous cells, in the second - the sum of the same numbers. 5. TRAGEDY 6. TALE 7. KRYLOV - CROW 8. WRITER 9. Ruslan and Lyudmila, Pushkin 10. STROPH-STRING KEYS FOR READING 1. Fill in the table. Under each word, write down the corresponding word or its number from the list (1 point per match): 1. Almshouse 2. Monasticism 3. Ophthalmology 4. Home
2. Identify the word from the description (2 points): NATIONALIZATION - transfer of land, industrial enterprises, banks, transport or other property belonging to private individuals to the ownership of the state. 3. Fill in the table (2 points for correct filling. Words must be in the correct case and written without errors): KEYS TO WORDS RICE ROL FOREST A PIECE OF CHALK ODR GENUS DOL COM MPA ROM SCRAP MOL SOP HOUSE WORLD LIS LADY VILLAGE MIRO SEA IDOL CIDER TRACK CASE LORD MORS RELAY IRIS SIDOR DEMOS RADISH DEALER LEADER SMERD SOLID IRMOS SADDLE MY LORD MY LADY CRAFT POWER METER DIVIDEND |
On the basis of this and other notes, on February 11, 1958, the Resolution of the Commission of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On measures to eliminate shortcomings in the publication and criticism of foreign fiction". The document reflects the specifics of the Soviet literary criticism and censorship in the era of the Thaw, as well as a look at culture as a whole, which, according to the functionaries of the Central Committee of the CPSU, was supposed to play the role of a servant of ideology. It is curious what charges were then brought against the works foreign authors: in addition to being bourgeois, it could be excessive entertainment, objectivism, and even a "flack of sexualism", etc. etc. Quoted from: Ideological commissions of the Central Committee of the CPSU. 1958-1964: Documents. - M .: "Russian Political Encyclopedia" (ROSSPEN), 1998. C. 33-38.
In recent years, the volume of publication of foreign fiction has increased significantly in the country. In 1956, for example, 920 books by foreign authors were published, the same number was published, according to preliminary data, in 1957 - 2.7 times more than in 1950. The average circulation of foreign books over the years has increased by 5 times. In 1956, foreign books accounted for 14.8 percent of the total output of fiction, in terms of the number of titles, 24.9 percent in total circulation, and 32.6 percent in terms of printed sheets. In recent years, the circle of published foreign authors has been expanded. Now the literature of China, India, and Arab countries is more widely represented in Russian. The gaps in the publication of the works of a number of famous writers (Heinrich Mann, O'Casey and others) have been restored. The literature of the 20th century is better published. More materials about foreign literatures are published in the periodical press.
However, in the selection of foreign literature for publication by Soviet publishing houses, as well as in its criticism and review, serious mistakes are made that are detrimental to the cause of ideological education and cultural growth. Soviet people. Among the books published by foreign authors, purely entertaining and adventure literature occupies an unreasonably large place. Central and especially republican and regional publishing houses often choose books of a light entertainment genre that do not represent a serious ideological and artistic value for mass circulation. Mine Reed's novel The Headless Horseman, for example, was published during 1955-1957 in ten editions: in Moscow (Detgiz, Moscow Worker), Kyiv, Alma-Ata, Baku, Frunze (two editions), Tashkent ( two editions), Novosibirsk, Chita. Its circulation exceeded 1,200 thousand copies. The primitive book of L. Bussenard “Captain Sorvi-Head” (1955 and 1956) was published in Moscow by Detgiz with a total circulation of 150 thousand copies, and in 1957 it was republished in mass editions in Tula and Alma-Ata in Russian and in Baku in Azerbaijani. The Count of Monte Cristo, Queen Margo, The Three Musketeers by Dumas, The Invisible Man by Wells and similar books are repeatedly reprinted, the total circulation of which exceeds a million copies. Unreasonably high circulations are produced of some works of the classical heritage that have a touch of sexualism. So, with a circulation of 375 thousand copies. published in 1955 by Goslitizdat Decameron Boccaccio.
The practice of mass reprinting of foreign books takes on especially ugly forms in a number of republican and regional publishing houses, where a significant part of the paper funds is spent on the production of foreign literature, and books are squeezed out of production plans, the release of which is provided for by the profile of these publishing houses. The reprinting of foreign fiction in Russian, for example, has taken a predominant place in the Belarusian State Publishing House. In 1956, Belgosizdat spent 43 per cent of the Belarusian State Publishing House on the reprinting of five works by foreign authors (among them, The Three Musketeers by Dumas and Consuelo by J. Zand). annual stock paper. In 1957, such reissues absorbed 58 percent. annual stock of paper of this publishing house. Some republican publishing houses are extremely undemanding in choosing foreign books for reprinting. Thus, the Goslitizdat of Lithuania included in the plan for 1958 the publication of Burroughs's tabloid novel Tarzan.
The publication of foreign fiction is not properly used to acquaint a wide range of Soviet readers with the historical changes taking place in the life of peoples, the growth and strengthening of the socialist camp, the collapse of colonialism, the inevitable decline of the entire system of capitalism, and the destructive influence of imperialism on the fate of people. Books about these processes account for less than one third of the total volume of translated fiction. The publication of modern foreign literature is not properly directed by the USSR Ministry of Culture to expand our ties with progressive literary forces in all countries and to unite these forces in the struggle for peace and democracy.
The central publishing houses (Goslitizdat, Inoizdat, Detgiz) have not developed a clear system for selecting books for publication in Russian; they allow an ill-conceived and often unprincipled approach to this important matter. In particular, this applies to the Publishing House of Foreign Literature, which is entrusted with the main task of translating and publishing books newly published abroad. In the publication of the literature of a number of capitalist countries in 1957, this publishing house gave preference to bourgeois authors. Thus, of the four French books published in last year, only one belongs to the pen of a progressive writer (Chabrol's "Dirty Sloboda"), three to the pen of bourgeois writers (Vercors, Mauriac, Druon). The publisher's plan for 1958 is not aimed at improving things; It was compiled without any real consideration of political events and literary developments abroad. Books by writers of people's democracies in this regard account for only about a third in terms of the number of titles. Most of all, it is planned to publish the works of Yugoslav writers (7 titles out of 36). At the same time, two books are planned to be published from Chinese literature, which reflects the huge historical changes in the life of the people (Chin Zhao-Yang's novel "Forward to the Fields" and a collection of stories by Chinese authors). The rich literature of the GDR is represented only by a book by Arnold Zweig about the events of the First World War, and a collection of short stories (which also includes stories by West German writers).
In 1958, the Foreign Literature Publishing House expanded the output of fiction (almost doubled in terms of the number of titles). The plan included books from a number of countries whose literature was not represented in our country or was little represented (Indonesia, Spain, Greece, Pakistan). At the same time, the publishing house is also overly fond of publishing entertainment literature, trying to give the Soviet reader fashionable "Western novelties". The plan included books such as The Token of Presence by the Belgian writer Gisey, which is described in the publisher's annotation as "a fascinatingly written novel that tells about the behavior of the Belgian bourgeoisie during the occupation of Belgium." The publication of detective novels by bourgeois authors and "psychological love dramas" is envisaged. doing little to acquaint the Soviet people with modern life and the struggle of peoples foreign countries, the publisher is addicted historical novels and chronicles. In the 1958 plan, historical books account for more than a quarter of all titles. Deciding, for example, to acquaint readers with French dramaturgy, the publishing house translated the plays by J. Anouil, written according to myths Ancient Greece("Antigone", "Medea"). A novel is also being translated about the events of the time of the struggle against slavery in Brazil (A. Schmidt "The Campaign").
The lack of clear ideological and artistic principles for selecting works of literature from foreign countries for reprinting in our country also leads to the fact that weak books are often published or several books by the same author are published in a row, and many writers worthy of attention remain unknown to the Soviet reader. Foreign publishing, for example, translated all the books of Jean Laffitte - strong and weak, publishes the weak works of Elsa Triolet, while the oldest French communist writer Francis Jourdain remains out of the publisher's field of vision.
For the practice of publishing houses and literary magazines often influenced by the pressure of translators and reviewers, who proceed from subjective views, aesthetic tastes, and sometimes personal interest. Thus, for example, the decadent novel of the Italian writer A. Moravia "Indifference" was included in the plan of Goslitizdat for 1957. Translators and people close to them persistently recommended to publishers Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, which describes the events of 1936-1938 in Spain from positions hostile to progressive forces. The following fact testifies to the unprincipled approach of the editors to the printing of translated works. The story of the Norwegian writer Heyerdahl "Aku-Aku" was recently translated by various translators for three magazines at once - "Youth", "Around the World" and "Young Guard". The editors included it in the January issues, thereby inflating its significance, although the story is not a work of any significance.
A serious impediment to improving the work of publishing foreign literature is the monopolization of translations by individual translators, who use their position for selfish purposes, hindering the growth of new cadres of translators. So, for example, M. Zhivov, with his family and people close to him, monopolized the business of translating the works of Adam Mickiewicz and other Polish authors, as well as compiling prefaces to them, while his translations and articles cause serious criticism in Poland itself. To start publishing the collected works of Dickens, Goslitizdat had to overcome the resistance of competing groups of translators (E. Lanna and I. Kashkina).
On the part of publishing houses, there is often a lack of proper demands on translators and control over their work, which encourages a careless attitude to business and abuse. For example, an employee of Goslitizdat Rogova, who does not speak well Czech language, supplied the publishing house with translations of works by Czech writers and received large fees. As it turned out, she served as a figurehead for the hacks.
The uncritical approach to printing foreign literature is expressed in the fact that publishing houses often do not help readers understand complex literary phenomena. Goslitizdat, for example, published in 1957 four novels by E. Sinclair, known for a number of speeches alien to us, without accompanying any of them with a critical preface or commentary. Without any introduction, Remarque's novel "A Time to Live and a Time to Die" was published in the journal "Foreign Literature", the content and ideological design of which require serious criticism. The State Literary Publishing House of Lithuania, following the magazine, published this novel as a separate book, also without a preface. Striking is the fact that in 1957 a foreign literature publishing house published a book about the French artist Picasso. The book contains texts by foreign authors who evaluate Picasso's work from the standpoint of bourgeois modernism and preach anti-realism and subjectivism in art. (Among the authors of the texts is the French renegade writer Claude Roy, expelled from the Communist Party for anti-party speeches.) Accompanying the book with a laudatory preface, the publishing house did not give an objective assessment of Picasso's work and a critical analysis of the texts collected in it.
The noted shortcomings and errors in the publication of foreign fiction by central and local publishing houses testify to serious omissions in the work of the Glavizdat of the USSR Ministry of Culture, which is called upon to direct and coordinate the activities of publishing houses. The Soviet press is called upon to give the reader a principled, profound assessment of the books published by foreign authors. However, the criticism and review of foreign literature in our journals and newspapers is extremely poorly organized. Many critics and literary scholars dealing with foreign literature pass over in silence the features of an ideology alien to us, which are manifested in various works by bourgeois authors. Progressive Canadian writer Dyson Carter wrote with a sense of protest to the editors of the magazine " Soviet literature", that in Soviet criticism "the cult of the leading bourgeois artists is inflated. This overlooks the fact that they have always served and continue to serve ruling classes in capitalist countries.
In a number of published articles on the work of Hemingway, Remarque, Feuchtwanger and some other major bourgeois writers, unbridled enthusiasm is expressed about their significance in contemporary literature, their skill, but no sober critical assessment of the weaknesses of their works is given. Hemingway's story "The Old Man and the Sea" is raised by various authors. In fact, this work is apolitical, imbued with the spirit of individualism. In Remarque's novel "A Time to Live and a Time to Die", which has an overall anti-fascist orientation, at the same time, the appearance of Soviet partisans is presented in a distorted light. But in critical articles about this novel published in the journals Neva (No. 1, 1957), Znamya (No. 2, 1957), and Oktyabr (No. us the sides of this work. The Young Guard magazine, No. 4, 1957, praises the vulgar novels of Francoise Sagan, which are savored in France and America by the bourgeois public. Some publishers, after such "criticism", are tempted to translate Sagan's books into Russian.
Articles appear in journals whose authors put forward a demand for a more serious study of the decadent tendencies of bourgeois art. At the same time, the desire of some authors to reconsider the attitude towards these trends that has developed in Soviet literary criticism, to abandon a critical approach to them, is manifested. The critic R. Kogan, for example, wrote in an article published in the Neva magazine (No. 11, 1957): “Perhaps the time has come to study these trends - in the 30s our criticism spoke of them only in abusive terms ..."
The journal “Foreign Literature” sometimes slips into the position of objectivism and unscrupulousness in published materials, designed to cover the processes of literary development abroad from a Marxist-Leninist position (H. Laxness’s conversation with Norwegian students published in No. 1 in 1957, article by I. Ehrenburg “Lessons Stendhal" in No. b for 1957, a review of R. Vaillant's novel "The Law" in No. 1 for 1958 and other materials). Many foreign books published in our country do not receive proper evaluation in the periodical press. For example, only the Moldavian journal Dnestr responded timidly to the release of Druon's novel The Iron King (Inoizdat, 1957), which deserves serious principled criticism.
The press gives little coverage of the processes of development of literature in the people's democracies and gives little information about the publication of its works in the Soviet Union. In 1956, 12 editions of books by Chinese writers were published in Russian (excluding books for children). Of these, only two editions received reviews14. The books published for the first time by prominent writers Ye Sheng-Tao, Lao-She, Chen Den-Ke, as well as epic tales of the peoples of China and a collection of Chinese classical poetry did not find reviews in reviews. The situation is the same with the review of many books translated from other languages. In this matter, too, the journal Foreign Literature takes the wrong positions. It publishes articles and reviews of books published abroad, but the journal avoids evaluating foreign books published for the Soviet reader.
All of the above indicates that in the practice of publishing foreign fiction there is no well-thought-out system and clear principles for selecting works, and that drift and chance often prevail. Employees of some publishing houses and the Ministry of Culture of the USSR show a frivolous attitude towards the printing of translated foreign fiction in our country, as a result of which ideological errors are made in this area of work. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, the Department of Culture asks the Central Committee of the CPSU to adopt this issue decision. The draft resolution of the Commission of the Central Committee of the CPSU on issues of ideology, culture and international party relations is attached.
Head Department of Culture of the Central Committee of the CPSU D. Polikarpov
Deputy head Department of B. Rurikov
Department Instructor E.Trushchenko
Now the current generation sees everything clearly, marvels at the delusions, laughs at the foolishness of its ancestors, it is not in vain that this chronicle is scribbled with heavenly fire, that every letter screams in it, that a piercing finger is directed from everywhere at him, at him, at the current generation; but the current generation laughs and arrogantly, proudly begins a series of new delusions, which will also be laughed at by descendants later. "Dead Souls"
To what? Like an inspiration
Love the given subject!
Like a true poet
Sell your imagination!
I am a slave, a day laborer, I am a merchant!
I owe you, sinner, for gold,
For your worthless piece of silver
Pay the divine price!
"Improvisation I"
Literature is a language that expresses everything that a country thinks, wants, knows, wants and needs to know.
In the hearts of the simple, the feeling of the beauty and grandeur of nature is stronger, more alive a hundred times than in us, enthusiastic storytellers in words and on paper.
"Hero of our time"
Everywhere there is sound, and everywhere there is light,
And all the worlds have one beginning,
And there is nothing in nature
No matter how love breathes.
In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections on the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you, how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!
Poems in prose "Russian language"
So, complete your dissolute escape,
Prickly snow flies from the bare fields,
Driven by an early, violent blizzard,
And, stopping in the forest wilderness,
Gathering in silver silence
Deep and cold bed.
Listen: shame on you!
It's time to get up! You know yourself
What time has come;
In whom the sense of duty has not cooled down,
Who has an incorruptible heart,
In whom is talent, strength, accuracy,
Tom shouldn't sleep now...
"Poet and Citizen"
Is it possible that even here they will not allow and will not allow the Russian organism to develop nationally, by its organic strength, but certainly impersonally, servilely imitating Europe? But what to do with the Russian organism then? Do these gentlemen understand what an organism is? Separation, "split" from their country leads to hatred, these people hate Russia, so to speak, naturally, physically: for the climate, for the fields, for the forests, for the order, for the liberation of the peasant, for Russian history, in a word, for everything, hate for everything.
Spring! the first frame is exposed -
And noise broke into the room,
And the blessing of the nearby temple,
And the talk of the people, and the sound of the wheel ...
Well, what are you afraid of, pray tell! Now every grass, every flower rejoices, but we hide, we are afraid, just what kind of misfortune! The storm will kill! This is not a storm, but grace! Yes, grace! You are all thunder! The northern lights will light up, it would be necessary to admire and marvel at the wisdom: “the dawn rises from the midnight countries”! And you are horrified and come up with: this is for war or for the plague. Whether a comet is coming, I would not take my eyes off! The beauty! The stars have already looked closely, they are all the same, and this is a new thing; Well, I would look and admire! And you are afraid to even look at the sky, you are trembling! From everything you have made yourself a scarecrow. Eh, people! "Thunderstorm"
There is no more enlightening, soul-purifying feeling than the one that a person feels when he gets acquainted with a great work of art.
We know that loaded guns must be handled with care. But we do not want to know that we must treat the word in the same way. The word can both kill and make evil worse than death.
There is a well-known trick of an American journalist who, in order to increase the subscription to his magazine, began to publish in other publications the most brazen attacks on himself from fictitious persons: some printed him out as a swindler and perjurer, others as a thief and murderer, and still others as a debauchee on a colossal scale. He did not skimp on paying for such friendly advertisements, until everyone thought - yes, it’s obvious that this is a curious and remarkable person when everyone shouts about him like that! - and began to buy up his own newspaper.
"Life in a Hundred Years"
I ... think that I know the Russian person in his very depths, and I do not put myself in any merit for this. I didn’t study the people from conversations with St. Petersburg cabbies, but I grew up among the people, on the Gostomel pasture, with a cauldron in my hand, I slept with him on the dewy grass of the night, under a warm sheepskin coat, and on Panin’s zamashnaya crowd behind circles of dusty manners ...
Between these two colliding titans - science and theology - there is a stunned public, quickly losing faith in the immortality of man and in any deity, quickly descending to the level of a purely animal existence. Such is the picture of the hour illuminated by the radiant midday sun of the Christian and scientific era!
"Isis Unveiled"
Sit down, I'm glad to see you. Cast away all fear
And you can keep yourself free
I give you permission. You know one of these days
I was elected king by the people,
But it's all the same. They confuse my thought
All these honors, greetings, bows...
"Crazy"
- What do you need abroad? - I asked him at a time when in his room, with the help of servants, his things were being packed and packed for shipment to the Varshavsky railway station.
- Yes, just ... to come to your senses! - He said confusedly and with a kind of dull expression on his face.
"Letters from the Road"
Is it really a matter of going through life in such a way as not to offend anyone? This is not happiness. Hurt, break, break, so that life boils. I am not afraid of any accusations, but a hundred times more than death I am afraid of colorlessness.
Verse is the same music, only combined with the word, and it also needs a natural ear, a sense of harmony and rhythm.
You experience a strange feeling when, with a light touch of your hand, you make such a mass rise and fall at will. When such a mass obeys you, you feel the power of a person ...
"Meeting"
The feeling of the Motherland should be strict, restrained in words, not eloquent, not chatty, not “waving your arms” and not running forward (to show yourself). The feeling of the Motherland should be a great ardent silence.
"Solitary"
And what is the secret of beauty, what is the secret and charm of art: in a conscious, inspired victory over torment or in the unconscious anguish of the human spirit, which sees no way out of the circle of vulgarity, squalor or thoughtlessness and is tragically condemned to seem self-satisfied or hopelessly false.
"Sentimental Remembrance"
Since my birth I have been living in Moscow, but by God I don’t know where Moscow came from, why it is, why, why, what it needs. In the Duma, at meetings, I, along with others, talk about urban economy, but I don’t know how many miles there are in Moscow, how many people there are, how many are born and die, how much we receive and spend, for how much and with whom we trade ... Which city is richer: Moscow or London? If London is richer, then why? And the jester knows him! And when some question is raised in the thought, I shudder and the first one starts shouting: “Submit to the commission! To the commission!
Everything new in the old way:
The modern poet
In a metaphorical outfit
Speech is poetic.
But others are not an example for me,
And my charter is simple and strict.
My verse is a pioneer boy
Lightly dressed, barefoot.
1926
Under the influence of Dostoevsky, as well as foreign literature, Baudelaire and Poe, my passion began not for decadence, but for symbolism (even then I already understood their difference). A collection of poems, published at the very beginning of the 90s, I entitled "Symbols". It seems that I was the first to use this word in Russian literature.
The run of changeable phenomena,
Past those flying, speed up:
Merge into one sunset of accomplishments
With the first gleam of gentle dawns.
From the lower life to the origins
In a moment, a single review:
In the face of a single smart eye
Take your twins.
Immutable and wonderful
Blessed Muse gift:
In the spirit of the form of slender songs,
There is life and heat in the heart of the songs.
"Thoughts on Poetry"
I have a lot of news. And all are good. I'm lucky". I am writing. I want to live, live, live forever. If you only knew how many new poems I have written! More than a hundred. It was crazy, a fairy tale, new. I publish new book, quite different from the previous ones. She will surprise many. I changed my understanding of the world. No matter how funny my phrase sounds, I will say: I understood the world. For many years, perhaps forever.
K. Balmont - L. Vilkina
Man is the truth! Everything is in man, everything is for man! Only man exists, everything else is the work of his hands and his brain! Man! It's great! It sounds... proud!
"At the bottom"
I'm sorry to create something useless and no one needs now. A collection, a book of poems at the present time is the most useless, unnecessary thing ... I do not mean by this that poetry is not needed. On the contrary, I affirm that poetry is necessary, even necessary, natural and eternal. There was a time when whole books of poetry seemed necessary to everyone, when they were read in full, understood and accepted by everyone. This time is past, not ours. The modern reader does not need a collection of poems!
Language is the history of a people. Language is the path of civilization and culture. Therefore, the study and preservation of the Russian language is not an idle occupation with nothing to do, but an urgent need.
What nationalists, patriots these internationalists become when they need it! And with what arrogance they sneer at the "frightened intellectuals" - as if there is absolutely no reason to be frightened - or at the "frightened townsfolk", as if they have some great advantages over the "philistines". And who, in fact, are these townsfolk, "prosperous philistines"? And who and what do the revolutionaries care about, if they so despise the average person and his well-being?
"Cursed Days"
In the struggle for their ideal, which is “freedom, equality and fraternity”, citizens must use such means that do not contradict this ideal.
"Governor"
“Let your soul be whole or split, let your understanding of the world be mystical, realistic, skeptical, or even idealistic (if you are unhappy before that), let the creative techniques be impressionistic, realistic, naturalistic, the content be lyrical or fabulous, let there be a mood, an impression - whatever you want, but, I beg you, be logical - may this cry of the heart be forgiven me! – are logical in design, in the construction of the work, in syntax.
Art is born in homelessness. I wrote letters and stories addressed to a distant unknown friend, but when a friend came, art gave way to life. Of course, I'm not talking about home comfort, but about life, which means more than art.
"We are with you. Diary of love"
An artist can do nothing more than open his soul to others. It is impossible to present him with predetermined rules. He is still an unknown world, where everything is new. We must forget what captivated others, here it is different. Otherwise, you will listen and not hear, you will look without understanding.
From Valery Bryusov's treatise "On Art"
Well, let her rest, she was exhausted - they exhausted her, alarmed her. And as soon as it's light, the shopkeeper will rise, she will begin to fold her goods, she will grab a blanket, she will go, pull out this soft bedding from under the old woman: she will wake the old woman, raise her to her feet: it's not light or dawn, if you please get up. Nothing to do about. In the meantime - grandmother, our Kostroma, our mother, Russia!
"Whirlwind Russia"
Art never speaks to the crowd, to the masses, it speaks to the individual, in the deep and hidden recesses of his soul.
Mikhail Andreevich Osorgin (Ilyin) (1878 - 1942)
How strange /.../ How many cheerful and cheerful books there are, how many brilliant and witty philosophical truths - but there is nothing more comforting than Ecclesiastes.
Babkin dared, - read Seneca
And, whistling carcasses,
Take it to the library
In the margins, noting: "Nonsense!"
Babkin, friend, is a harsh critic,
Have you ever thought
What a legless paraplegic
Light chamois is not a decree? ..
"Reader"
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A critic's word about a poet must be objectively concrete and creative; the critic, while remaining a scientist, is a poet.
"Poetry of the Word"
Only great things are worth thinking about, only great tasks should be set by the writer; set boldly, without being embarrassed by your personal small forces.
“It’s true, there are both goblin and water ones here,” I thought, looking in front of me, “or maybe some other spirit lives here ... A mighty, northern spirit that enjoys this wildness; maybe real northern fauns and healthy, blond women roam in these forests, eating cloudberries and lingonberries, laughing and chasing each other.
"North"
You need to be able to close a boring book...leave a bad movie...and part with people who don't value you!
Out of modesty, I will be careful not to point out the fact that on the day of my birth the bells were rung and there was a general rejoicing of the people. Evil tongues associated this jubilation with some great holiday that coincided with the day of my birth, but I still don’t understand what else is there to do with this holiday?
That was the time when love, good and healthy feelings were considered vulgar and a relic; no one loved, but all were thirsty and, like poisoned ones, fell to everything sharp, tearing apart the insides.
"The Road to Calvary"
- Well, what's wrong, - I say to myself, - at least in a short word for now? After all, exactly the same form of farewell to friends exists in other languages, and there it does not shock anyone. great poet Walt Whitman, shortly before his death, said goodbye to readers with a touching poem "So long!", Which means in English - "Bye!". The French a bientot has the same meaning. There is no rudeness here. On the contrary, this form is filled with the most gracious courtesy, because here the following (approximately) meaning is compressed: be prosperous and happy until we see each other again.
"Live Like Life"
Switzerland? This is a mountain pasture for tourists. I've traveled all over the world myself, but I hate those ruminant bipeds with a Badaker for a tail. They chewed through the eyes of all the beauties of nature.
"Island of Lost Ships"
Everything that I wrote and will write, I consider only mental rubbish and do not respect my literary merits. And I wonder and wonder why apparently smart people find some meaning and value in my poems. Thousands of poems, whether mine or those poets whom I know in Russia, are not worth one chanter of my bright mother.
I am afraid that Russian literature has only one future: its past.
Article "I'm afraid"
For a long time we have been looking for such a task, similar to lentils, so that the combined rays of the work of artists and the work of thinkers directed by it to a common point would meet in a common work and could ignite and turn even the cold substance of ice into a fire. Now such a task - a lentil that guides together your stormy courage and the cold mind of thinkers - has been found. This goal is to create a common written language...
"Artists of the World"
He adored poetry, tried to be impartial in his judgments. He was surprisingly young at heart, and perhaps even in mind. He always looked like a child to me. There was something childish in his clipped head, in his bearing, more like a gymnasium than a military one. He liked to portray an adult, like all children. He loved to play the “master”, the literary bosses of his “humil”, that is, the little poets and poetesses who surrounded him. Poetic children loved him very much.
Khodasevich, "Necropolis"
Me, me, me What a wild word!
Is that one over there really me?
Did mom love this?
Yellow-gray, semi-gray
And omniscient like a snake?
You have lost your Russia.
Did you resist the elements
Good elements of gloomy evil?
Not? So shut up: took away
Your fate is not without a reason
To the edge of an unkind foreign land.
What's the point of groaning and grieve -
Russia must be earned!
"What You Need to Know"
I never stopped writing poetry. For me, they are my connection with time, with new life my people. When I wrote them, I lived by those rhythms that sounded in the heroic history of my country. I am happy that I lived in these years and saw events that had no equal.
All the people sent to us are our reflection. And they were sent so that we, looking at these people, correct our mistakes, and when we correct them, these people either change too or leave our lives.
In the wide field of Russian literature in the USSR, I was the only literary wolf. I was advised to dye the skin. Ridiculous advice. Whether a painted wolf or a shorn wolf, he still does not look like a poodle. They treated me like a wolf. And for several years they drove me according to the rules of a literary cage in a fenced yard. I have no malice, but I am very tired ...
From a letter from M. A. Bulgakov to I. V. Stalin, May 30, 1931.
When I die, my descendants will ask my contemporaries: "Did you understand Mandelstam's poems?" - "No, we did not understand his poems." "Did you feed Mandelstam, did you give him shelter?" - "Yes, we fed Mandelstam, we gave him shelter." "Then you are forgiven."
Maybe go to the Press House - there is one sandwich each with salmon caviar and a debate - "about the proletarian choral reading", or to the Polytechnic Museum - there are no sandwiches, but twenty-six young poets read their poems about the "locomotive mass". No, I will sit on the stairs, shivering from the cold and dream that all this is not in vain, that, sitting here on the step, I am preparing the distant sunrise of the Renaissance. I dreamed both simply and in verse, and the result was boring iambs.
"The extraordinary adventures of Julio Jurenito and his students"
One of the first famous translators was Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky. More than half of what he wrote are translations from ancient Greek, German, English and other languages. It was he who opened Goethe and Schiller to the Russian reader. The translated works of Zhukovsky the poet are perceived as masterpieces not only of translated literature, but of literature in general. They rightfully deserve worthy of attention among readers, some of the works were stronger than the originals. According to Vasily Andreevich, the reason for the success of his translations lies in the fact that he himself liked those works for which he undertook.
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Vikenty Veresaev presented the reader with translations of ancient Greek works: the Iliad, the Odyssey, Sappho, etc. Veresaev's translated works are almost better known to the reader than his own.
Akhmatova, Balmont, Blok and other poets of the Silver Age translated a lot and varied, French, English. Flaubert's Madame Bovary and Maupassant's short stories performed by I. Turgenev are popular. This Russian writer knew French perfectly and English languages. Another writer of the 19th century who translated world classics is F. Dostoevsky. Popular among readers is his translation of Balzac's Eugene Grande.
From the point of view of translation activities, Vladimir Nabokov is interesting. He is a bilingual writer who has authored works in both languages. He translated a lot from Russian into English, for example, "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" and his own novel "Lolita".
The German anti-fascist writer Heinrich Belle translated many of the works of English writers into German. Together with his wife, they opened the works of Salinger and Malamud to Germany. Subsequently, the novels of Bell himself were conveyed to the Russian-speaking reader by the Soviet writer Rita Wright-Kovaleva. She also owns translations of Schiller, Kafka, Faulkner.
The modern writer Boris Akunin, who gained fame among the Russian reader as the author of works of the detective genre, is no less famous for his translations. His translations have been published in Japanese, English and French authors.
Baby transfers
Many fairy tales for Russian children were translated by Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky. With his help, the kids met Baron Munchausen, Robinson Crusoe and Tom Sawyer. Boris Zakhoder translated The Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. For many Russian children, the first book they read was the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm in a magnificent translation by S.Ya. Marshak. The fairy tale about Chipollino was translated by Z. Potapova. Elena Blaginina, a well-known children's poetess, translated humorous rhymes for children and adapted them to Russian realities.
