Tarutinsky fight- the battle that took place on October 6 (18), 1812, in the area of the village of Tarutino, Kaluga region, between Russian troops under the command of Field Marshal Kutuzov and the French troops of Marshal Murat. The fight is also called battle under the river Chernishnia, Tarutino maneuver or battle in Vinkovo.
The victory at Tarutino was the first victory of the Russian troops in the Patriotic War of 1812. Success strengthened the spirit of the Russian army, which went over to the counteroffensive.
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✪ Kutuzov maneuvers and the battle under the Chernishnia River
✪ Patriotic War of 1812. Tarutino maneuver.
✪ Tarutinsky maneuver
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"Gg. generals and officers gathered at the front posts with an expression of courtesy, which was a reason for many to conclude that there was a truce.
Both sides remained in this position for two weeks.
The remaining corps under the command of Miloradovich were to forge the right flank of the French in battle. A separate detachment of Lieutenant General Dorokhov, according to the plan, should cut Murat's escape route on the Old Kaluga Road near the village of Voronovo. Commander-in-Chief Kutuzov remained with the reserves in the camp and carried out general leadership.
The battle could have ended with an incomparably greater advantage for us, but in general there was little communication in the action of the troops. The field marshal, confident of success, remained with the guard, did not see it with his own eyes; private chiefs disposed of arbitrarily. Great amount our cavalry close to the center and on the left wing seemed more collected for the parade, showing off harmony more than speed of movement. It was possible to prevent the enemy from joining the infantry scattered in parts, bypassing and standing in the way of his retreat, for there was a considerable space between his camp and the forest. The enemy has been given time to gather troops, to bring different parties artillery, reach the forest without hindrance and retreat through the village of Voronovo by the road that runs through it. The enemy lost 22 guns, up to 2000 prisoners, the entire convoy and crews of Murat, King of Neapolitan. Rich carts were a tasty bait for our Cossacks: they took up robbery, got drunk and did not think to prevent the enemy from retreating.
The goal of the Tarutinsky battle was not fully achieved, but its result was successful, and success was even more important for raising the spirit of the Russian troops. Before in the course of the war, in no battle, either side (even at Borodino) had such a number of captured guns as in this one - 36 or 38 guns. In a letter to Tsar Alexander I, Kutuzov reports 2,500 Frenchmen killed, 1,000 prisoners, and another 500 prisoners the next day were taken by the Cossacks during the pursuit. Kutuzov estimated his losses at 300 killed and wounded. Clausewitz confirms French losses of 3-4 thousand soldiers. Two generals of Murat were killed (Deri and Fisher). The next day after the battle, a letter from Murat was sent to the Russian posts with a request to hand over the body of General Deri, the head of Murat's personal guard. The request could not be granted, as the body was not found.
In memory of the victory over the French, the owner of Tarutin, Count S.P. Rumyantsev, freed 745 peasants from serfdom in 1829, obliging them to erect a monument on the battlefield.
The troops of the main army of Field Marshal General His Serene Highness Prince Golenishchev-Kutuzov on the night of October 18 (6) advanced from the Tarutino camp to the lines of attack provided for by the disposition. True, by the scheduled time of the start of the attack, by 6 in the morning, the Russian troops did not have time to advance.
At 7 am, the 2nd infantry corps of the Russian army was preparing to attack the enemy. Count Orlov-Denisov with his cavalry, having passed through the village of Dmitrievskoye before dawn, hid his Cossacks in the forest. In anticipation of reaching the plain and building up to attack the rest of the Russian corps.
When dawn broke, Count Orlov-Denisov, fearing to be discovered by the enemy, without waiting for the formation of other columns, decided to launch an attack. The Cossacks rushed to the bivouacs of the cuirassier division of General Sebastiani. The enemy was taken by surprise three regiments of the enemy (1st and 2nd carabinieri and 1st cuirassier) were overturned over the Ryazan ravine. The Cossacks captured 38 guns.
The initial success could not be developed; instead of pursuing the enemy, the Cossacks began to rob the French carts, which made it possible for the discarded French cavalry to recover. Lined up, the French cuirassiers and mounted carabinieri launched a counterattack. The enemy was met by the fire of the Cossack horse batteries.
At the moment when the enemy went on a counterattack, Prince Eugene of Württemberg moved out of the forest with the Tobolsk regiment and three guns. Panic and confusion reigned in the enemy camp. To the right of the advancing Tobolsk regiment, the Cossacks scoured. To the left of the Tobolts, the corps of Lieutenant General Baggovut was advancing.
General Baggovut emerged from the forest with the 4th and 48th Chasseurs. As soon as they appeared in the clearing, they were immediately met by enemy artillery fire, standing near the village of Teterenki, and suffered heavy losses. Baggovut himself was mortally wounded by one of the first volleys. The death of the commander of the 2nd Infantry Corps influenced the actions of the Russian troops.
Baggovut's corps was intended to deliver a decisive blow to Murat's troops, from the intense enemy fire and the death of the corps commander, the huntsmen were forced to scatter the formation and advance in a thick chain. The attack of the Jaegers was not supported by sufficient reserves. French mounted carabinieri rushed to the chains of the rangers and cut down many.
General Bennigsen arrived at the scene of the attack, and was very puzzled by the unsuccessful start of the offensive. He ordered the 17th division of Olsufiev to move to help the rangers, as well as the infantry regiments of the 4th division of the Prince of Württemberg.
A Russian artillery battery under the command of General Frisch was posted at the height. As soon as the 4th Infantry Corps of Count Osterman-Tolstoy approached the edge of the forest, Bennigsen rode out to meet him. He also ordered the 3rd Corps of General Count Stroganov to head to the left of the 4th Corps.
Bennigsen's orders led to the fact that only Cossacks from the Don battery and two battalions of the Tobolsk regiment with three guns were on the main offensive of the Russian troops.
After the troops of the 4th and 3rd corps approached, 46 battalions were assembled against the village of Teterinki. But by this time, Murat's troops were already retreating at all points. The detachment of Prince Eugene of Württemberg outflanked the Poles, who still continued to hold their positions at Teterenka. This forced the Poles to retreat beyond the Chernishna River. The enemy cuirassiers, who lined up in front of the Moscow road, also retreated there.
The 20th Jaeger Regiment approached Eugene of Württemberg, in total the Württemberg detachment consisted of six incomplete battalions supported by the Cossacks. These forces simply could not do anything when Murat's troops were drawn in a column past this weak detachment, which was unable to cut off the enemy's retreat.
Colonel Tol managed to lead the Gereng cavalry battery across the river near the village of Kruchi and open fire on the cavalry covering the retreat of the enemy column. Count Orlov-Denisov with the Cossacks and Meller-Zakomelsky with regular cavalry rushed to the attack to the right of the village of Grineva and started a battle with the cavalry of La Tour-Maubourg and Valence. The enemy was pushed back. The 20th Jaeger Regiment crossed Chernishna and captured the enemy battery, the French counterattacked and beat the guns back.
On the left wing of the Russian army, where Kutuzov was, the troops approached the Chernina River, and were ordered to stop. Miloradovich and Yermolov persuaded Kutuzov to attack the enemy, but the commander-in-chief resolutely refused.
The French retreated in organized formations, the Cossacks of Orlov-Denisov pursued the enemy to Spas-Kupli. The 2nd and 4th infantry corps, as well as the cavalry of Korf and Vasilchikov, under the command of General Miloradovich, stopped near the village of Bogorodsk. Kutuzov ordered other troops to be taken to the Tarutinsky camp
.
The army partisan detachment of General Dorokhov was supposed to cut off Murat's retreat, but did not have time to reach the Moscow road. Only a party of Cossacks from his detachment under the command of the constable Filatov participated in the pursuit of the enemy and killed the French general Deri.
Murat's troops withdrew to Voronov and took advantageous positions there.
The losses of the French in the battle of Tarutino amounted to killed from 500 to 1000 people. 1500 enemy soldiers were captured. One standard and 38 guns, 40 ammunition boxes and many wagons were captured. Among those killed were Murat's head of the guard, General Deri and General Fisher.
The losses of the Russian army amounted to 1200 people.
The actions of the partisan detachments.
A detachment of Colonel Davydov made a search in Losmino. As a result, 150 Frenchmen and 405 prisoners were destroyed. Davydov's detachment lost 4 people killed and 17 wounded.
Sources:
1. Major General M. Bogdanovich "History of the Patriotic War of 1812 according to reliable sources", St. Petersburg, 1859. Volume 2, 3
2. M.I. Kutuzov. Collection of documents. T. 4. Ch. 1. M., 1954
3. Chronological index of military operations of the Russian army and navy. Volume 2. 1801-1825
4. Colonel D. Baturlin. The history of the invasion of Emperor Napoleon on Russia in 1812. St. Petersburg 1837
5. Lieutenant General A.I. Mikhailov-Danilevsky. Description of the Patriotic War of 1812. Part 3. 1843
The material was prepared by columnist Alexander Lear.
8 kilometers north of the Tarutinsky camp and at a considerable distance from the main forces great army there was a 27,000th avant-garde French army under the general command of Marshal Murat. Along the Old Kaluga road that passed here, the main forces of Murat were located (in the valley of the Chernishni River) and Russian army(in the valley of the Nara River), between them was an unguarded forest.
Battle of Tarutino
Peter von HESS
After the cavalry general Bennigsen, with the support of Miloradovich, suggested in writing to Kutuzov to attack Murat, the field marshal was forced to agree and appointed a battle that took place on October 18, 1812 and went down in history as the Battle of the Chernishna River or the Battle of Vinkovo ( in French historiography), and now most often referred to as the battle of Tarutino.
The enemy's most vulnerable was the left flank of the cavalry corps of General Sebastiani, as it was located in an open area, in contrast to the right, protected by the steep banks of the Nara and Chernishni rivers. Quartermaster General Karl Fedorovich Tol drew up a disposition for battle. The Russian troops were divided into two groups: the left wing under the command of Miloradovich and the right wing under the command of Bennigsen, which delivered the main blow. They attacked in three columns: the column of Colonel Orlov-Denisov attacked just the left flank of the enemy, the columns of the infantry corps of Generals Baggovut and Osterman-Tolstoy, who followed, - the village of Teterinki, the center of the battle formation of Murat's vanguard.
Tarutinsky fight
Alexander DMITRIEV-MAMONOV
The plan provided for a surprise attack, encirclement and destruction of the enemy, but the attack, scheduled for October 17, was postponed to another day due to the fault of the staff officers. The advance of the columns to their starting positions was to take place at night: in complete silence, the troops were ordered to cross the Nara, advance through the forest, and take their starting positions for the attack by dawn. However, the maneuvers of the troops in the night forest were extremely difficult, which led to the fact that only the Orlov-Denisov column completed the task. The columns of Osterman-Tolstoy and Baggovut were late, and some of the regiments generally got lost.
Colonel V.V. Orlov-Denisov and the Cossacks of the Life Guards in the battle of Tarutino. Cossack lava.
Vladimir DORONIN
At dawn, around 7 o'clock in the morning, Orlov-Denisov, not wanting to be seen and not waiting for a general signal, launched an attack on Sebastiani's left flank. The attack was so swift and sudden that the French, having abandoned their carts and artillery, began to hastily retreat behind the nearest ravine. The entire camp of the Sebastiani corps and over 30 guns, the standard were in the hands of the Cossacks.
Vasily Vasilyevich Orlov-Denisov
Yuri IVANOV
Battle of Tarutino. 1812
Alexey FYODOROV
There was a threat of a complete defeat of the left flank of Murat and the encirclement of his main forces. But the impunity of the Cossack freemen saved the enemy: the Cossacks, seeing the carts overflowing with good, began to capture them ... And Orlov-Denisov did not manage to cope with them right away. And then Murat himself arrived in time, and with his decisive actions he was able to quickly restore order, quickly organize a rebuff and stop the retreat and flight of his troops that had begun.
Portrait of Karl Fedorovich Baggovut
George Doe
The late General Baggovut, who came out to the noise of the battle, also did not wait for the approach of the main forces of his corps, seeing the French waiting for them. He and the huntsmen rushed to attack the village of Teterinka and were killed by the very first shot from the batteries that Murat had already managed to transfer here. The death of the commander brought confusion to our ranks, the offensive stopped. The third column under the command of Lieutenant General A.I. Osterman-Tolstoy was forced to wait for the second column and therefore did not intensify her actions. Bennigsen, not knowing what was happening at Osterman-Tolstoy, gave the order to withdraw before the rest of the detachments approached. A favorable moment for a general attack was missed.
Battle of Tarutino
Battle of Tarutino, fragment: on the left on a black horse, General Bennigsen, with a standard in his hands - Colonel Orlov-Denisov,
in the foreground on a white horse - Colonel Karl Tol
Engraving from a painting by Peter von HESS
To fight
Ekaterina KAMYNINA
But the commander of the 20th Jaeger Regiment, Major Gorikhvostov, together with his soldiers, nevertheless rushed into a bayonet attack, put the enemy infantry to flight, repelled the cavalry attack and captured several guns. The rangers advanced bravely, but the main forces of the Russian infantry were unable to support them in time. There was no surprise.
The ubiquitous Marshal Murat managed everywhere that day. According to Officer Tyrion: King Murat immediately rushed to the attacked point and, with his presence of mind and courage, stopped the retreat that had begun. He rushed to the bivouacs, gathered all the riders that came across to him, and as soon as he managed to recruit those from the squadron, he immediately rushed to the attack with them. This tactic proved effective against the sizeable but dispersed and unmanageable Cossack forces.
1812
Oleg AVAKEMYAN
And the Cossacks who broke through to the Spas-Kupl were stopped by the reserve cavalry of Latour-Maubourg. Murat, who retreated with the main forces to Spas-Kupla, fortified the position with batteries and opened frontal fire, which stopped our advance.
On the right flank of the French, Miloradovich's troops and Vasilchikov's cavalry moved along the Old Kaluga road from Tarutino to Vinkovo in a parade march. The blow that Miloradovich was supposed to deliver could lead to the destruction of Murat's vanguard, was stopped by orders from Kutuzov, and Miloradovich himself was recalled to headquarters in the morning and detained there until the evening. As a result, General Vasilchikov stomped on the spot and no one attacked the Polish infantry column of Claparede, who was on the right flank, she calmly reached the forest and dispersed in it. Outraged by the passivity of Miloradovich, Leonty Leontievich Bennigson, having arrived on the flank, did not find his like-minded person.
Thus, the inconsistency in the actions of the Russian troops and the courage of Murat's cavalry, although at the cost of significant losses, allowed the French marshal to retain the main forces of the avant-garde and withdraw them from Vinkovo through forests, ravines and the Old Kaluga road not captured by the Russians to the village of Voronovo, which is 18 versts from Tarutino.
Victory at Tarutino 6 (18) October 1812
Copper engraving by Sergei FYODOROV based on a drawing by Dominico SCOTTIE
The Russian regiments returned to their camp in the evening with songs and drumming. Wounded in the leg, General Bennigsen, who believed that the incomplete success of his plan was ensured by the hostility and intervention of Kutuzov, did not get off his horse, which he was later reminded of more than once. Bennigsen, Miloradovich, Toll and others insistently asked Kutuzov to send additional troops into battle for the final defeat of Murat, but the Field Marshal General resolutely refused them: Since we did not know how to catch him alive yesterday and today arrive on time at the places where it was appointed, this persecution will not bring any benefit and therefore is not necessary - it will alienate us from the position and from our line of operations.
General Ermolov assessed this battle as follows: The battle could have ended with an incomparably greater advantage for us, but in general there was little communication in the action of the troops. The field marshal, confident of success, remained with the guard, did not see it with his own eyes; private chiefs disposed of arbitrarily. A huge number of our cavalry close to the center and on the left wing seemed more collected for the parade, showing off harmony more than speed of movement. It was possible to prevent the enemy from joining the infantry scattered in parts, bypassing and standing in the way of his retreat, for there was a considerable space between his camp and the forest. The enemy was given time to gather troops, bring artillery from different sides, reach the forest without hindrance and retreat through the village of Voronovo along the road that runs through it. The enemy lost 22 guns, up to 2000 prisoners, the entire convoy and crews of Murat, King of Neapolitan. Rich carts were a tasty bait for our Cossacks: they took up robbery, got drunk and did not think to prevent the enemy from retreating.
1812. Trophies of Russian weapons
Eugene LANCERE
And yet, the battle ended with the victory of Russian weapons over the vanguard of Murat. Enthusiastic dispatches flew to St. Petersburg, in which the field marshal, as usual, exaggerated the strength and losses of Murat, downplayed Russian losses and did not say a word about the poor interaction of troops in battle. In his letter dated October 7 to his wife Ekaterina Ilyintchna Kutuzova regarding the victory at Chernishna, Field Marshal wrote: It was not surprising to smash them, but it was necessary to smash them cheaply for us, and we lost only up to three hundred people with the wounded ... The first time the French lost so many guns and the first time they fled like hares ...
Alexander I and Michaud
Illustration for Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace
Andrey NIKOLAEV
And to heighten the effect, Mikhail Illarionovich sent a military engineer, Colonel Alexander Frantsevich Micho de Boretour, to St. Petersburg to the emperor, so that he personally testified to the victory at Tarutino.
Generous rewards from Alexander I rained down: Kutuzov received a golden sword with diamonds and a laurel wreath, Bennigsen (with all the desire not to mention the merits of the main initiator of the attack, the commander-in-chief could not) - diamond signs of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called and 100,000 rubles. Many officers and generals were awarded awards and promotions. The lower ranks of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th infantry corps and cavalry, who were in battle, received 5 rubles per person.
However, the brilliance of the awards could not obscure the fact that due to the uncoordinated actions of the columns, the intervention of the commander in chief, and the low controllability of the troops, the main goal of this battle - the defeat of Murat's corps - was not achieved. Murat's losses amounted to more than 2.5 thousand people killed and wounded (including two generals - Per-Cesar Deri and Stanislav Fisher), more than a thousand prisoners, a third of the artillery, most of the convoy and the standard of the first cuirassier regiment. Russian troops did not count in their ranks after the battle of about 1.5 thousand people, General Baggovut was killed, General Bennigsen was wounded.
Be that as it may, the battle on the Chernishna River was the first purely offensive battle won by the Russian troops, which could not but have a positive effect on the morale of the army.
Portrait of Leonty Leontyevich Bennigsen
George Doe
To complete about the general from the cavalry L.L. Bennigsen, I will say that in November 1812 he was removed by Field Marshal Kutuzov from the army, allegedly for health reasons. Later, again, like Barclay de Tolly, he was called to the service of the fatherland and took part in the foreign campaign of the Russian army.
Tarutino maneuver of the Russian army in 1812
Big soviet encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what the "Taruta maneuver of 1812" is in other dictionaries:
- ... Wikipedia
TARUTINSKY MANEUVER, Russian army in September 1812 (commander-in-chief General Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzov) during the Patriotic War of 1812. Having retreated from Moscow along the Ryazan road, the Russian army turned to the West and took up positions in a fortified ... ... Russian history
Tarutino maneuver - (1812) … orthographic dictionary Russian language
The Russian army in September 1812 (commander-in-chief General Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzov) from Moscow to the village of Tarutino during the Patriotic War of 1812. Having retreated from Moscow along the Ryazan road, the Russian army turned west and took up positions in ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Patriotic War of 1812 ... Wikipedia
fair nationally liberation war Russia against Napoleonic France that attacked it. It was the result of deep political and economic contradictions between bourgeois France and feudal feudal Russia, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
persuasion
For several weeks, not far from the Tarutinsky camp, the 20,000-strong avant-garde of Murat stood guard over the Russian army. All this time, several generals, led by a student of His Serene Highness, Quartermaster General Tol, besieged M.I. Kutuzov with proposals to organize an attack on the enemy vanguard. By mid-October, the extremely active Tol managed to carry out a series of deep reconnaissances, to find out that the defense in Murat's camp was organized extremely carelessly, that there were almost no guards posted, no reconnaissance was carried out, and there was almost no fodder and the cavalry horses were exhausted. Surrendering to the pressure of his entourage, the field marshal finally agreed to give the order for the offensive, which was scheduled for October 17, but did not take place, because in the Tarutino camp they managed to lose General Yermolov, did not hand him the disposition on time, and on the morning of the 17th Kutuzov did not find anyone on the indicated Tol places. The old commander was angry, scolded his staff officers, dismissed Yermolov from service (later, however, having cooled down, he returned), and ordered the general offensive to begin the next day, entrusting command to his sworn enemy, General Bennigsen.
Hidden intrigue
Kutuzov was initially against this battle, adhering to the tactics of gradually depleting the enemy and destroying him without using the main army, therefore, even agreeing to the attack of Murat's avant-garde, he did not pursue any tactical or strategic goals, but rather gave the stagnant army a chance to try his hand at obviously winning battle, without involving large masses of troops into it. At the same time, the old courtier Kutuzov was solving another problem of his own: the incapacitation of Bennigsen, who had been intriguing against him all the time. Having appointed this general to command the troops, he still did not give him full power and left the question of possible reinforcements, as well as taking up positions at the end of the battle, in his power.
The course of the battle
The offensive began on 18 (6) October. The troops of the right wing were divided into three columns. The 1st was commanded by General V.V. Orlov Denisov, 2nd - General K.F. Baggovut, and the 3rd - General A.I. Osterman-Tolstoy. They made their way to the battlefield through the forests, wrapping their weapons in towels and generally making as little noise as possible.
At about 7 o'clock in the morning, the Cossacks of the 1st column attacked the French, taken by surprise, and put them to flight. However, Murat soon arrived at the battlefield, and under his leadership, discipline was again restored in the French ranks. Encouraged by Murat's personal example, the French cuirassiers and carabinieri stopped the frontal attacks, while Claparède's infantry attacked the Russian Cossacks, who had gone behind the French lines, and forced them to retreat.
One of the witnesses of this battle later recalled: “King Murat immediately rushed to the attacked point and, with his presence of mind and courage, stopped the offensive that had begun. He rushed to all bivouacs, collected all the riders that came across to him, and as soon as he managed to recruit such a squadron, he immediately rushed to attack with them. Our cavalry owes its salvation precisely to these successive and repeated attacks, which, having stopped the enemy, gave the troops time and opportunity to look around, gather and go to the enemy.
At the decisive moment of the battle, the 2nd column was thrown into battle, but at the very beginning of the attack, its commander, General K.F., was killed by a shot of French artillery. Baggovut, after which the offensive of the column was stopped.
By 13 o'clock, despite Bennigsen's constant requests to send reinforcements, on the orders of Kutuzov, the general offensive of the Russian troops was stopped, and at 16 o'clock the troops returned to the Tarutinsky camp, not only not completing the main task - the destruction of the French avant-garde, but also losing their position.
The trap slammed shut
Contused during this battle, Leonty Leontyevich Bennigsen was furious; in a letter to his wife on October 22, he wrote: "I can't come to my senses! What could be the consequences of this beautiful, brilliant day if I received support ... Here, in front of the entire army, Kutuzov forbids sending even one person to help me, these are his words. General Miloradovich, who commanded the left wing, was eager to get closer to help me - Kutuzov forbids him ... Can you imagine how far from the battlefield our old man was! His cowardice already exceeds the dimensions allowed for cowards, he already gave the greatest proof of this under Borodin, and therefore he covered himself with insight and became ridiculous in the eyes of the whole army ... Can you imagine my position, that I need to quarrel with him whenever it’s a matter of it's about taking one step against the enemy, and you need to listen to rudeness from this person!
Kutuzov, in turn, during the battle, said that “If we didn’t know how to take Murat alive in the morning and arrive at the places on time, then the pursuit will be useless. We can't move away from the position.". One way or another, as a result of this battle, he achieved his main goal: he pissed off the “damned German” and forced him to roll such a slander to the emperor, after which it was obviously necessary to remove one of the opponents from command. The emperor simply forwarded Bennigsen's denunciation to the commander-in-chief, and he, with a calm soul, sent him out of the army. Kutuzov's victory was unconditional, the anti-Kutuzov clique began to fall apart before our eyes.
For the French, the consequences of the Battle of Tarutino were much more serious. As Roos wrote in his notes, “this ... camp on the Chernishna River, near the village of Teterinka, where our division and I stood with the last remnant of our regiment, was the final point of our difficult campaign deep into Russia, and October 18 was the day when we were forced to start retreating”. After receiving news of this battle, Napoleon finally decides to withdraw from Moscow.
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Chronicle of the day: Tarutino and Polotsk battles
In the morning, the troops approached the position where the French avant-garde was located. But only the troops of the right wing arrived in time, commanded by L.L. Benningsen. The troops of the left wing under the command of M.A. Miloradovich was delayed and at dawn only left Tarutino.
However, in the morning the troops of the right wing attacked the French. Happened Battle of Tarutino. Napoleon, having learned about him, made the final decision to leave Moscow. French troops began to leave the city.
Second Battle of Polotsk. The first day
At dawn, Berg's column began to turn east of Polotsk, taking up a position on a wide front from the river. Canvas to the Western Dvina. At this time, Yashvil's column, having pushed back the Swiss regiments of Merle's division, by 10 o'clock reached Polotsk from the north side and blocked the roads to Disna and Sebezh. At 11 o'clock in the morning, when Berg's left flank almost ran into the Western Dvina, several squadrons of French light cavalry launched an attack, captured the battery of the 27th light company, but were stopped by the Mogilev Infantry Regiment, which had distinguished itself that day.
Berg launched a counterattack, which turned into a general offensive of the Russian troops. The Russians captured the position of the French across Ox Lake, but they were unable to advance further due to the fire of French artillery. For about an hour, Berg's column, on Wittgenstein's orders, stood under fire, waiting for decisive action from Yashvil's column, but was forced to withdraw. At about 2 pm, the French cuirassiers launched another attack on Berg's column, but it was also stopped. After that, Wittgenstein again ordered Yashvil to support Berg's attack, but this time Yashvil's troops did not budge. Due to the mistakes of the adjutants, Yashvil was ordered to attack only after 15 hours. His column attacked from the right flank, bypassing the enemy redoubts, approached the ravine near the Western Dvina, but was stopped by French artillery fire. Since by this time Berg had already withdrawn his troops from the shelling, Yashvil ordered the troops to return to their positions.
By evening, both armies remained in their original positions.
Person: Karl Fedorovich Baggovut (1761-1812)
Karl Fedorovich came from a family of Estonian nobles. In 1779, his father bought a patent for his son for the rank of captain of the troops of the Margrave of Anspach-Bayret, Baggovut was accepted for Russian service with the rank of second lieutenant, first to the Tobolsk Infantry Regiment, from which he transferred to the 2nd Battalion of the Finnish Jaeger Corps.
First fighting in which Baggovut participated, there was pacification Crimean Tatars and Second Turkish war, in which he serves as part of the Siberian Grenadier Regiment. An illustrative episode characterizing Baggovut is connected with the Polish campaign: on the night of Easter 1794, an uprising of Warsaw residents took place under the name “Warsaw Matins”, the Poles began to kill unarmed Russians. Baggovut did not lose his head and with a handful of brave men made his way through the crowd of Poles. Baggovut also participated in the battle of Maciejovice and in the storming of Prague. In 1800, he briefly retired, with the accession of Alexander, he was appointed chief of the 4th Jaeger Regiment, in which he served for the last 12 years of his life.
In the campaign of 1806, Baggovut gained fame as the bravest general in the battle of Pultusk, for which he received the Order of St. George, 3rd class. In 1807, he confirmed his glory in the battles of Preussish-Eylau (he was shell-shocked in the chest), at Heilsberg, near Friedland (he received a severe concussion). In 1808, Baggovut took part in the Finnish campaign of 1808, commanding troops on the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, won several victories, and distinguished himself in the defense of the city of Abo.
IN Patriotic War Baggovut commanded the 2nd Infantry Corps in the army of Barclay de Tolly. During the battle of Borodino, his corps fought on the right flank, then was transferred to the left flank in the Utits region, where Baggovut took command of all the troops in the sector after the mortal wound of General N.A. Tuchkov. For courage and courage shown under Borodino, he was awarded the order St. Alexander Nevsky. But alas! - He was not destined to receive this order. In the battle of Tarutino, fatal to him, on October 18 (6), he commanded a column composed of two corps. At the beginning of the battle, Baggovut led the advanced regiments - but one of the first shots of the French battery was killed. He was buried in the Lavrentiev Monastery, Kaluga.
Person: Egor Semenovich Stulov
Gerasim Kurin
