Supervisor:
Head of the Academy: Emelyanov Igor Mikhailovich
- is a manager in 3 organizations.
A company with the full name "FEDERAL STATE MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION" MILITARY ACADEMY OF RADIATION, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION NAMED AFTER MARSHAL OF THE SOVIET UNION S.K. TIMOSHENKO (KOSTROMA)" MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION" was registered on July 26, 2000 in the Kostroma region at the legal address: 156013, Kostroma region, Kostroma city, Gorky street, 16.
Registrar "" assigned the company INN 7701026962 OGRN 1037700092979. Registration number in the Pension Fund: 054026010011. Registration number in the Social Insurance Fund: 773900170844001. Number of licenses issued to the company: 2.
Main activity according to OKVED: 85.22.
Requisites| OGRN | 1037700092979 |
| TIN | 7701026962 |
| checkpoint | 440101001 |
| Organizational and legal form (OLF) | Federal government agencies |
| Full name of the legal entity | FEDERAL STATE MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION "MILITARY ACADEMY OF RADIATION, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION NAMED AFTER MARSHAL OF THE SOVIET UNION S.K. TIMOSHENKO (KOSTROMA)" MINISTRY OF DEFENSE RUSSIAN FEDERATION |
| Abbreviated name of the legal entity | MILITARY ACADEMY OF RCHB PROTECTION, VA RKhBZ |
| Region | Kostroma region |
| Legal address | 156013, Kostroma region, Kostroma city, Gorky street, 16 |
| Registrar | |
| Name | |
| Address | 156005, Kostroma region, Kostroma city, Kuznetskaya st., 9 |
| Registration date | 26.07.2000 |
| Date of assignment of OGRN | 30.01.2003 |
| Accounting with the Federal Tax Service | |
| Date of registration | 24.07.2006 |
| Tax authority | Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401 |
| Information about registration with the Pension Fund of Russia | |
| Registration number | 054026010011 |
| Registration date | 24.07.2006 |
| Name of territorial body | Management of the pension fund Russian Federation in the city of Kostroma (in the Leninsky district) (When registering legal entities), No. 054026 |
| Information about registration in the FSS | |
| Registration number | 773900170844001 |
| Registration date | 26.09.2006 |
| Name of the executive body | State institution - Kostroma regional branch of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, No. 4400 |
License date: 08/30/2017
30.08.2017
- Activities in the field of source use ionizing radiation(generating) (except if these sources are used in medical activities)
- Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Kostroma Region
License date: 03/14/2016
License start date: 03/14/2016
Name of the licensed type of activity for which the license was issued:
- Educational activities, licensed Federal service for supervision in the field of education and science (Rosobrnadzor)
- EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES (with the exception of the specified activities carried out by non-state educational institutions located on the territory of the Skolkovo innovation center)
- Activities of organizations carrying out educational activities according to educational programs higher education
Name of the licensing authority that issued or reissued the license:
- Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science
GRN: 1037700092979
Tax authority: Department of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Taxes and Duties in Moscow, No. 7700
Reason for changes: Entering into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities information about a legal entity registered before July 1, 2002
GRN: 2047701020970
Tax authority:
Reason for changes:
Documentation:
- CHARTER OF A LEGAL ENTITY
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Taxes and Duties No. 1 for the Central Administrative District of Moscow, No. 7701
Reason for changes:
GRN: 2057748607167
Tax authority:
Reason for making changes: State registration of changes made to the constituent documents of a legal entity related to changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, based on an application
Documentation:
- STATEMENT FOR STATE REGISTRATION OF CHANGES MADE INTO THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS OF A LEGAL ENTITY
- CHARTER
- POWER OF POWER OF KARYMOV A.YU.
- OTHER
- DOCUMENT ON PAYMENT OF THE STATE DUTY
- DECISION TO MAKE CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS
GRN: 2057748658284
Tax authority: Interdistrict Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service No. 46 for Moscow, No. 7746
Reason for making changes: Amendments to information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made by the registration authority
UAH: 6067746275756
Tax authority: Interdistrict Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service No. 46 for Moscow, No. 7746
Reason for changes:
GRN: 2067755227967
Tax authority: Interdistrict Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service No. 46 for Moscow, No. 7746
Reason for making changes: State registration of changes made to the constituent documents of a legal entity related to changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, based on an application
Documentation:
- STATEMENT FOR STATE REGISTRATION OF CHANGES MADE INTO THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS OF A LEGAL ENTITY
- CHARTER
- ENVELOPE
- COPY OF EXTRACT FROM THE ORDER
- DOCUMENT ON PAYMENT OF THE STATE DUTY
GRN: 2067755227978
Tax authority: Interdistrict Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service No. 46 for Moscow, No. 7746
Reason for changes:
GRN: 2064401062713
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Submission of information on registration of a legal entity with the tax authority
GRN: 2074401023266
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes:
GRN: 2074401061843
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes:
Documentation:
- DECISION ON REORGANIZATION OF A LEGAL ENTITY
- TRANSFER ACT
GRN: 2074401067002
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes:
Documentation:
GRN: 2074401067013
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: State registration of changes made to the constituent documents of a legal entity related to changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, based on an application
Documentation:
- STATEMENT FOR STATE REGISTRATION OF CHANGES MADE INTO THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS OF A LEGAL ENTITY
- CHARTER OF A LEGAL ENTITY
- PROTOCOL No. 2
- DOCUMENT ON PAYMENT OF THE STATE DUTY
GRN: 2084401001012
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes:
GRN: 2084401004224
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
Documentation:
- APPLICATION FOR ENTRY INTO THE UNIFIED STATE REGISTER OF LEGAL ENTITIES CHANGES IN INFORMATION ABOUT A LEGAL ENTITY NOT RELATED TO CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS
GRN: 2084401004246
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes:
GRN: 2084401004257
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: Amendments to information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made by the registration authority
GRN: 2084401016588
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Submission of information on registration of a legal entity as an insurer in the executive body of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation
GRN: 2084401166507
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Submission of information on registration of a legal entity as an insurer in the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation
GRN: 2084401749530
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Submission of information on registration of a legal entity as an insurer in the executive body of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation
GRN: 2094401032988
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: Amendments to information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made by the registration authority
GRN: 2094401035683
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: Amendments to information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made by the registration authority
GRN: 2094401315842
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: State registration of changes made to the constituent documents of a legal entity related to changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, based on an application
Documentation:
- STATEMENT FOR STATE REGISTRATION OF CHANGES MADE INTO THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS OF A LEGAL ENTITY
- DOCUMENT ON PAYMENT OF THE STATE DUTY
- OTHER DOCUMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
- CHARTER OF A LEGAL ENTITY
GRN: 2094401318482
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: Amendments to information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made by the registration authority
GRN: 2094401318493
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Entering information on the re-issuance of a certificate into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
GRN: 2104401030974
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Beginning of the procedure for reorganization of a legal entity in the form of merger
Documentation:
- P12003 STATEMENT - NOTIFICATION OF THE START OF THE REORGANIZATION PROCEDURE IN THE FORM OF MEMBERSHIP
- ORDER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RF No. 1951-R
UAH: 2104401079451
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Reorganization of a legal entity in the form of merger with another legal entity
Documentation:
- APPLICATION FOR MAKING A RECORD ON TERMINATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF A JURIDATED LEGAL ENTITY
- TRANSFER ACT
- EXTRACT FROM ORDER
- EXTRACT FROM THE LIST
GRN: 2104401079473
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Reorganization of a legal entity in the form of merger with another legal entity
Documentation:
- APPLICATION FOR MAKING A RECORD ON TERMINATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF A JURIDATED LEGAL ENTITY
- TRANSFER ACT
- EXTRACT FROM ORDER
- EXTRACT FROM ORDER
- EXTRACT FROM THE PROTOCOL
GRN: 2104401079517
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Reorganization of a legal entity in the form of merger with another legal entity
Documentation:
- APPLICATION FOR MAKING A RECORD ON TERMINATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF A JURIDATED LEGAL ENTITY
- TRANSFER ACT
- EXTRACT FROM ORDER
- ORDER
- EXTRACT FROM THE LIST
UAH: 2104401079528
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: State registration of changes made to the constituent documents of a legal entity related to changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, based on an application
Documentation:
- STATEMENT FOR STATE REGISTRATION OF CHANGES MADE INTO THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS OF A LEGAL ENTITY
- EXTRACT FROM THE PROTOCOL
- ORDER
- ORDER
- EXTRACT FROM THE LIST
- EXTRACT FROM THE LIST
- PUBLICATION NEWSLETTER
- STATEMENT 1-2 ACCOUNTING
- CHARTER
UAH: 2104401116500
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: Amendments to information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made by the registration authority
GRN: 2104401130172
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Submission by the licensing authority of information on granting a license
GRN: 2104401131635
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: Amendments to information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made by the registration authority
UAH: 2114401077030
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: Amendments to information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made by the registration authority
GRN: 2124401007234
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: State registration of changes made to the constituent documents of a legal entity related to changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, based on an application
Documentation:
- STATEMENT FOR STATE REGISTRATION OF CHANGES MADE INTO THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS OF A LEGAL ENTITY
- ORDER
- EXTRACT FROM TELEGRAM
- CHARTER
UAH: 2124401050080
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
Documentation:
- APPLICATION FOR ENTRY INTO THE UNIFIED STATE REGISTER OF LEGAL ENTITIES CHANGES IN INFORMATION ABOUT A LEGAL ENTITY NOT RELATED TO CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS
UAH: 2134401005319
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: State registration of changes made to the constituent documents of a legal entity related to changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, based on an application
Documentation:
- STATEMENT FOR STATE REGISTRATION OF CHANGES MADE INTO THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS OF A LEGAL ENTITY
- ORDER
- CHARTER
GRN: 2134401071935
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
Documentation:
- APPLICATION FOR ENTRY INTO THE UNIFIED STATE REGISTER OF LEGAL ENTITIES CHANGES IN INFORMATION ABOUT A LEGAL ENTITY NOT RELATED TO CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS
GRN: 2134401099578
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: State registration of changes made to the constituent documents of a legal entity related to changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, based on an application
Documentation:
- STATEMENT FOR STATE REGISTRATION OF CHANGES MADE INTO THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS OF A LEGAL ENTITY
- OTHER DOCUMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
- DECISION TO MAKE CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS
- CHARTER OF A LEGAL ENTITY
GRN: 2134401101481
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: Amendments to information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made by the registration authority
GRN: 2144401039803
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
Documentation:
- APPLICATION FOR ENTRY INTO THE UNIFIED STATE REGISTER OF LEGAL ENTITIES CHANGES IN INFORMATION ABOUT A LEGAL ENTITY NOT RELATED TO CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS
- EXTRACT FROM ORDER
GRN: 2144401115725
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
Documentation:
- APPLICATION FOR ENTRY INTO THE UNIFIED STATE REGISTER OF LEGAL ENTITIES CHANGES IN INFORMATION ABOUT A LEGAL ENTITY NOT RELATED TO CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS
UAH: 2154401085936
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
Documentation:
GRN: 2164401057467
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: State registration of changes made to the constituent documents of a legal entity related to changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, based on an application
Documentation:
- P13001 STATEMENT ABOUT CHANGES MADE TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS
- ORDER
- CHARTER OF THE LEGAL ENTITY IN THE NEW EDITION
UAH: 2164401057775
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
Documentation:
- P14001 STATEMENT ABOUT CHANGING INFORMATION NOT RELATED TO CHANGES. ESTABLISHMENT OF DOCUMENTS (Clause 2.1)
GRN: 2164401122103
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: Amendments to the information contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities in connection with the renaming (resubordination) of address objects
GRN: 2164401167852
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for making changes: Amendments to information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made by the registration authority
Documentation:
- ANOTHER DOCUMENT. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LEGISLATION OF THE RF
- Decision to make changes to the Unified State Register of Legal Entities due to errors made
GRN: 2164401250418
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Submission by the licensing authority of information on granting a license
GRN: 2164401278776
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Submission of information on registration of a legal entity as an insurer in the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation
GRN: 2174401112972
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
Documentation:
- P14001 STATEMENT ABOUT CHANGING INFORMATION NOT RELATED TO CHANGES. ESTABLISHMENT OF DOCUMENTS (Clause 2.1)
GRN: 2174401148623
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Submission by the licensing authority of information on granting a license
GRN: 2174401201390
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Changes in information about a legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
Documentation:
- P14001 STATEMENT ABOUT CHANGING INFORMATION NOT RELATED TO CHANGES. ESTABLISHMENT OF DOCUMENTS (Clause 2.1)
GRN: 2194401035981
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for the changes: Recognition of an entry made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities in relation to a legal entity containing information received from another body as invalid on the basis of a message received from the specified body
GRN: 2194401067518
Tax authority: Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Kostroma, No. 4401
Reason for changes: Submission by the licensing authority of information on granting a license
Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and biological protection them. Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Tymoshenko
The Military Chemical Academy of the Red Army (Workers' and Peasants' Red Army) was created in accordance with the Resolution of the Council of Labor and Defense, Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of May 13, 1932 No. 39 on the basis of the military chemical department of the Military Technical Academy of the Red Army and the Second Chemical Technology Institute. The formation of the academy was completed by October 1, 1932. It included military engineering, special and industrial faculties.
The Academy was staffed with teaching staff capable of not only providing high level training students, but also to successfully solve complex scientific problems that advanced the interests of the country's defense capabilities.
Story further development Academy was determined by the intensive preparation of the states of the fascist bloc for the outbreak of a world war using chemical weapons. This determined the need to ensure reliable anti- chemical protection Red Army and technical re-equipment chemical troops. To solve these problems, specialists were required - highly qualified military chemists. Their training at the academy was considered one of the most important measures to strengthen the defense capability of our Motherland in the pre-war years.
Having highly qualified scientific potential, the academy is quickly becoming a major educational and scientific center Armed Forces of the country, initiator scientific developments problems of armament of chemical troops and means of defense. Grew up within the walls of the academy a whole galaxy outstanding scientists who glorified our country chemical science not only in their own country, but also abroad.
The Academy is deservedly proud of such outstanding scientists as academicians of the USSR Academy of Sciences E.V. Britske, S.I. Volfkovich, P.P. Sharygin, V.N. Kondratiev, I.L. Knunyants, M.M. Dubinin, A. Fokin .V., Romankov P.G.
The high title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to graduates of the academy N.S. Patolichev, L.A. Shcherbitsky, A.D. Kuntsevich, L.K. Lepin, I.V. Martynov, K.M. Nikolaev.
Thanks to the selfless and heroic work of these people, our country has taken a leading position in theory and practical creation new chemical technologies in industry and the production of mineral fertilizers, artificial fibers, cellulose and paper, monomers and polymers, medicines, adsorbents. Their fundamental theoretical works formed the basis for training several generations of scientists and specialists for educational, scientific institutions and the country's defense industry.
During the Great Patriotic War The Academy, together with the chemical defense troops, made a significant contribution to the Victory, preventing the Nazis from starting a large-scale chemical war, and the flamethrowers covered themselves with unfading glory, having accomplished a lot heroic deeds. The Motherland highly appreciated the merits of the academy’s personnel. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to: Zhidkikh A.P., Lev B.G., Linev G.M., Myasnikov V.V., Chikovani V.V.
Graduates of the academy honorably fulfilled their military duty in Afghanistan, during the counter-terrorism operation in the North Caucasus, and during the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
For organizing work to eliminate the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the head of the chemical forces, Colonel General V.K. Pikalov. was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
For the courage and heroism shown during the execution special task By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, senior lieutenants I.B. Panfilov and Tsatsorin G.V. awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
In 1998, by decision of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, a number of Military Academies were transformed into Military Universities, and many military schools were transformed into branches of these universities.
In accordance with the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, the actual name of the university was changed to “Military University of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko (Moscow)”.
In 2004-2005, the “Military University of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Protection named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko (Moscow)” was transformed into a state university educational institution higher vocational education"Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko."
In 2006, the leadership of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation decided to relocate the state educational institution of higher professional education “Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko” from Moscow to Kostroma. The implementation of the activities was planned in four stages and covers the period from June 2005 to September 2006:
at the first stage (by June 1, 2005), the Military University of Russian Chemical Defense was transformed into a Military Academy in Moscow and the Kostroma branch of the university was transformed into the Kostroma Higher Military Command and Engineering School of Russian Chemical Defense (military institute).
at the second stage (until September 1, 2005), the cadet training department of the engineering faculty was transferred to the Kostroma School.
at the third stage (by July 1, 2006), the Military Academy was relocated from Moscow to Kostroma.
at the fourth stage (by August 1, 2006), the Kostroma School was merged with the Military Academy.
The main staff of the academy was redeployed to Kostroma by July 1, 2006. The opening of the new Military Academy of NBC Defense in Kostroma took place on the opening day school year— September 1, 2006.
On June 12, 2007, the academy, one of the first among military universities, was awarded Battle Banner. In the same year, the first graduation took place at the state educational institution of higher professional education “Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko (Kostroma).”
In 2008, the “Saratov Military Institute of Biological and Chemical Safety” was attached as a structural unit to the “Military Academy of Russian Chemical Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko (Kostroma)”, and on the basis of the Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School ( Military Institute) (Tyumen) and the Nizhny Novgorod Higher Military Engineering Command School (Military Institute) (Kstovo) branches were created with the subsequent naming of the academy: Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Military Academy of the Russian Chemical Defense Troops and Engineering Troops named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko."
In order to improve the structure of military educational institutions of higher professional education of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, branches of the academy in the cities of Kstovo were liquidated ( Nizhny Novgorod Region) and Tyumen.
Since 2013, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation, the academy again became known as the “Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko.”
Today, the Academy is a training and methodological center for the Russian Chemical Defense Forces, training specialists for all Armed Forces, as well as power ministries and departments not only of the Russian Federation, but also near and far abroad.
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL POTENTIAL AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ACADEMY
Currently, the academy employs highly qualified scientific and teaching staff.
The training of scientific, pedagogical and scientific personnel at the Academy is carried out through doctoral studies, full-time and part-time postgraduate studies, as well as by seeking the academic degrees of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences. The dissertation council works on an ongoing basis to defend dissertations for the academic degrees of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences.
The Academy conducts a large volume scientific research, being not only a higher military educational institution of the Armed Forces, but also a major scientific center on technology issues organic matter, development, production of special materials, means of biological protection of troops and environment, and many others. The topics and content of the Academy's scientific research areas correspond to the profile of the military educational institution of the NBC Defense Troops, its faculties, departments and reflect the practical needs of the Armed Forces and the NBC Defense Troops.
The share of work on the study of military-theoretical problems annually is about 30-40%, and on the study of military-technical problems - about 60-70% of the total number of assigned research works.
The Academy constantly participates in competitions and receives grants from the Russian Foundation basic research. The most distinguished in their studies and demonstrated their scientific and Creative skills listeners and cadets are awarded prizes from the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Defense, Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Governor of the Kostroma Region.
Within national project“Education” Academy teams take part in the All-Army Olympiads among cadets of higher military educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in mathematics, computer science, military history And foreign language. Among the best higher military educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, our teams are in leading positions and take prizes.
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ACADEMY'S EDUCATIONAL AND MATERIAL BASE
The Academy has a developed material and technical base, located on the territory of 2 military camps.
All educational buildings equipped with the same type of built-in furniture, modern laboratory equipment, instruments, office equipment, and technical training aids ( interactive whiteboards, document cameras, plasma screens, audio and video equipment). Their equipment is based on modern approaches to use in the educational process computer technology, giving them multifunctionality and versatility.
The process of obtaining practical knowledge and skills in the field of operation military equipment and weapons is facilitated by a modern technical park, which presents all types of weapons and equipment of the NBC protection troops. In classes, cadets study the design, repair and maintenance procedures of equipment. In addition, they acquire practical driving skills in combat and transport vehicles and receive category “B” and “C” driver’s licenses.
On the tactical training field, during practical classes, cadets conduct NBC reconnaissance of the area. They work out standards for the deployment and launch of special machines, processing of uniforms, weapons, military equipment, roads, donning personal protective equipment, and others.
To provide educational process The Academy has a fundamental library. Available digital library, which allows users to quickly find the necessary information in electronic form, make a recording on an electronic medium, or print out the material.
The existing housing and barracks stock provides accommodation for personnel in accordance with the new requirements and is one of the elements of the educational and material base that gives a complete understanding to the academy graduate of how dormitories should be equipped for the accommodation of military personnel undergoing military service by contract.
Today, the Academy is a university of a new formation, both in terms of infrastructure and content of the educational process, with a modern educational and material base.
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Dormitory for foreign students
The Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko is a state multi-level higher military educational institution located in Kostroma.
General informationAccording to its organizational and legal form, the Academy is a federal state military government educational institution of higher professional education of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Defense of Russia) and, in accordance with the license, implements programs of higher and secondary vocational education, postgraduate and additional professional education.
The Academy is the only higher military education institution of its kind. educational institution m of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, a major scientific center on the problems of technology of organic substances, development and production of special materials and means of biological protection of troops and the environment.
Training of highly qualified specialists is carried out for all branches of the Armed Forces and federal bodies executive power Russian Federation and other states. Since 2010, training of specialists has been organized under the federal target program “National System of Chemical and Biological Safety of the Russian Federation for - years.”
The structure of the academy consists of the academy's management (command, various departments and services), main divisions (faculties, departments, research laboratories, support units educational process). The Academy employs 28 Doctors of Science and 196 Candidates of Science (2014).
Academy historyThe Military Chemical Academy of the Red Army was created in accordance with the resolution of the Council of Labor and Defense, order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 039 of May 13, 1932, on the basis of the military chemical department of the Military Technical Academy of the Red Army and the 2nd Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. The formation of the academy was completed by October 1, 1932. It included military engineering, special and industrial faculties. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 31 of May 15, 1934, it was named after K. E. Voroshilov. By order of NKO No. 125 of July 19, 1937, the academy was renamed the Military Academy of Chemical Defense named after K. E. Voroshilov.
The Academy was staffed with teaching staff capable of not only providing a high level of training to students, but also successfully solving complex scientific problems that advanced the interests of the country's defense capabilities.
The history of the further development of the academy was determined by the intensive preparation of the states of the fascist bloc for the outbreak of a world war using chemical weapons. This determined the need to ensure reliable anti-chemical protection of the Red Army and the technical re-equipment of chemical troops. To solve these problems, specialists were required - highly qualified military chemists. Their training at the academy was considered one of the most important measures to strengthen the defense capability of our Motherland in the pre-war years.
Having highly qualified scientific potential, the Academy is quickly becoming a major educational and scientific center of the country's Armed Forces, an initiator of scientific development of problems of armament of chemical troops and means of defense. Within the walls of the Academy a whole galaxy of outstanding scientists grew up who glorified Russian chemical science not only in their own country, but also abroad.
Over the years of the existence of the Academy and the Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense Forces, about 10,000 officers and over 5,000 chemical industry specialists have been trained for the armed forces. Over 30 academy graduates were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 8 - Hero of Socialist Labor and 5 - Hero of the Russian Federation.
The Academy is deservedly proud of such outstanding scientists as academicians of the USSR Academy of Sciences E. V. Britske, S. I. Volfkovich, P. P. Sharygin, V. N. Kondratyev, I. L. Knunyants, M. M. Dubinin, A. Fokin V., Romankov P. G. High rank of Hero Socialist Labor awarded to graduates of the academy: N. S. Patolichev, L. A. Shcherbitsky, A. D. Kuntsevich, L. K. Lepin, I. V. Martynov, K. M. Nikolaev.
Thanks to the selfless and heroic work of these people, our country has taken a leading position in the theory and practical creation of new chemical technologies in industry and the production of mineral fertilizers, artificial fibers, cellulose and paper, monomers and polymers, medicines, adsorbents. Their fundamental theoretical works formed the basis for training several generations of scientists and specialists for educational, scientific institutions and the country's defense industry.
Academy graduates defended the interests of the country in armed conflicts near the Khalkhin Gol River and on the Karelian Isthmus, fought heroically during the Great Patriotic War, honorably fulfilled their military duty in Afghanistan, during the anti-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, and during the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident .
A great contribution to eliminating the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was made by: Malakhov A.N., Zholtikov S.A., Zolotukhin I.M.
On June 16, 2007, at the Military Academy of the Russian Chemical Defense Plant, the Memorial of Glory of the Russian Chemical Defense Defense Troops was inaugurated - a tribute to historical memory and deep respect for those who, with their selfless work and military valor, wrote many glorious pages in the history of the Fatherland and the Armed Forces.
By order of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2008 No. 1951-r, the academy was reorganized: it included the Nizhny Novgorod Higher Military Engineering command school(military institute), Saratov Military Institute of Biological and Chemical Safety and Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School (military institute) with the subsequent formation of separate structural divisions. The Academy received the current name “Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense Troops and Engineering Troops named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko.”
In order to improve the structure of military educational institutions of higher professional education of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, branches of the academy in the cities of Kstovo (Nizhny Novgorod region) and Tyumen were liquidated.
Since 2013, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 3, 2013 No. 895-r, the Academy again became known as the “Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S. K. Timoshenko.”
Specialties of training and educational programs being implementedHigher military training (officers): management of combat support for troops (forces) (radiation, chemical and biological protection); management of the operation of weapons, military equipment and technical support of troops (forces) (radiation, chemical and biological protection).
Complete higher military special training (cadets): radiation, chemical and biological protection; technology of substances and materials in weapons and military equipment.
Complete secondary military professional training (sergeants): rational use environmental complexes.
Postgraduate professional education (adjunct and doctoral studies)
Additional professional education: professional retraining in the profile of basic professional educational programs university; advanced training in the profile of the main professional educational programs of the university.
Academy names- 1932-1934 - Military Chemical Academy of the Red Army;
- 1934-1937 - Military Chemical Academy named after K. E. Voroshilov;
- 1937-1958 - Military Academy of Chemical Defense named after K. E. Voroshilov;
- 1958-1968 - Military Academy of Chemical Defense;
- 1968-1970 - Red Banner Military Academy of Chemical Defense;
- 1970-1982 - Military Red Banner Academy of Chemical Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko;
- 1982-1998 - Military Order October revolution Red Banner Academy of Chemical Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko;
- 1998-2004 - Military University of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense;
- 2004-2008 - Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko;
- 2009-2013 - Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense Troops and Engineering Troops named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko;
- 2013 - up to now - Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko (Kostroma). Full name of the Academy: Federal State Treasury Military Educational Institution of Higher Education (FGKVOU HE) “Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko” (Kostroma) of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
- 1932-1937 - Corps Commissar Yakov Lazarevich Avinovitsky
- 1937-1941 - Major General Petr Ermolaevich Lovyagin
- 1941-1942 - military engineer 1st rank Yuri Arkadyevich Klyachko
- 1942 - Colonel Kislov Alexey Nikanorovich
- 1942-1960 - Lieutenant General of Technical Troops Dmitry Efimovich Petukhov
- 1960-1972 - Colonel General of Technical Troops Dmitry Vasilievich Gorbovsky
- 1972-1990 - Colonel General Vladimir Vladimirovich Myasnikov
- 1990-1993 - Lieutenant General Vladimir Sergeevich Kavunov
- 1993-1996 - Lieutenant General Ivanov Boris Vasilievich
- 1996-2002 - Lieutenant General Koryakin Yuri Nikolaevich
- 2002-2005 - Lieutenant General Manchenko Vladimir Dmitrievich
- 2005-2007 - Lieutenant General Alimov Nikolai Ivanovich
- 2007-2012 - Major General Kuchinsky Evgeniy Vladimirovich
- 2012-2014 - Colonel Bakin Alexey Nikolaevich (temporarily acting)
- from 2014 - Major General Kirillov Igor Anatolyevich
- Martynov, Ivan Vasilievich - Soviet and Russian chemist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director of the Institute of Physiologically Active Substances
- Patolichev, Nikolai Semenovich - Soviet party and statesman
- Pikalov, Vladimir Karpovich - Colonel General, Chief of Chemical Troops of the USSR Ministry of Defense (1969-1989), inspector of the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense (1989-1992), Hero of the Soviet Union, laureate of the USSR State Prize.
- Chikovani, Vakhtang Vladimirovich - Hero of the Soviet Union, head of the chemical service of the 861st Infantry Regiment, senior lieutenant
- Shcherbitsky, Vladimir Vasilievich - Soviet party and statesman.
- In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 22, 1968, for great merits in the training of officers for the Armed Forces of the USSR and in connection with the 50th anniversary Soviet army and the Navy Military Academy of Chemical Defense was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
- In accordance with the Decree of the State Council of the GDR dated March 1, 1974, for outstanding military services, the academy was awarded the Military Order of the GDR “For Services to the People and the Fatherland” - in gold.
- In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Great People's Khural of the MPR No. 87 of April 13, 1978 for huge contribution, contributed to strengthening the defense power of the Mongolian People's Republic and training highly qualified personnel for the Mongolian People's Army, and in connection with the 60th anniversary of the Soviet Armed Forces, the academy was awarded the Order of Military Merit.
- In accordance with the Decree State Council PPR dated April 7, 1982, for outstanding services in training and improving personnel for the needs of the chemical troops of the Armed Forces of the Polish People's Republic, the academy was awarded the Commander's Cross with the star of the Order of Merit of the Polish People's Republic (commander's cross with the star of the Order of Merit of the Polish People's Republic).
- In accordance with the Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria of May 13, 1982 No. 1170, for great merits in the training and education of command personnel for the Bulgarian People's Army, for contribution to strengthening fraternal friendship and cooperation between the armed forces and peoples of the People's Republic of Bulgaria and the USSR and in connection with the 50th anniversary of its creation, the academy was awarded the Order of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, 1st degree.
- In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 14, 1982, for great merits in the training of highly qualified officers for the Armed Forces of the USSR and the development of Soviet military science, the academy was awarded the Order of the October Revolution.
- In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the State Council of the Republic of Cuba of January 22, 1983 No. 137, for the outstanding role played by the academy in the formation and training of personnel of the revolutionary Armed Forces, in the constant improvement of the operational, combat and political training of their units and for the invaluable contribution, which the academy contributed to strengthening the country’s defense capability, the academy was awarded the Order of “Antonio Maceo”.
- In accordance with the Decree of the State Council Socialist Republic Vietnam on May 25, 1988, for services in training highly qualified personnel for the Vietnamese people's army, strengthening the defense capability and protection of the republic, the academy was awarded the Vietnamese Order of Military Merit, 1st degree.
- In accordance with the order of the Minister of Defense of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic No. 073 of March 2, 1990, the academy was awarded for its services in the training of military personnel and for its contribution to the defense capability of the country government award Czech and Slovak Federal Republic - medal “For Services to the CSA”, 1st degree.
- Radiation, chemical and biological defense troops
The so-called sophism of the ancients is known, which consists in the fact that Achilles will never catch up with the tortoise in front, despite the fact that Achilles walks ten times faster than the tortoise: as soon as Achilles passes the space separating him from the tortoise, the tortoise will walk ahead of him one tenth of this space; Achilles will walk this tenth, the tortoise will walk one hundredth, etc. ad infinitum. This task seemed insoluble to the ancients. The meaninglessness of the decision (that Achilles would never catch up with the tortoise) stemmed from the fact that discontinuous units of movement were arbitrarily allowed, while the movement of both Achilles and the tortoise was continuous.
By taking smaller and smaller units of movement, we only get closer to the solution of the problem, but never achieve it. Only by allowing endlessly small amount and a progression ascending from it to one tenth and taking the sum of this geometric progression, we reach a solution to the issue. A new branch of mathematics, having achieved the art of dealing with infinitesimal quantities, and in other more complex questions of motion, now provides answers to questions that seemed insoluble.
This new, unknown to the ancients, branch of mathematics, when considering issues of motion, admits infinitesimal quantities, that is, those at which the main condition of motion is restored (absolute continuity), thereby correcting that inevitable mistake that the human mind cannot help but make when considering instead of continuous movement, individual units of movement.
In the search for the laws of historical movement, exactly the same thing happens.
The movement of humanity, resulting from countless human tyranny, occurs continuously.
Comprehension of the laws of this movement is the goal of history. But in order to comprehend the laws of continuous movement of the sum of all the arbitrariness of people, the human mind allows for arbitrary, discontinuous units. The first method of history is to take an arbitrary series of continuous events and consider it separately from the others, whereas there is not and cannot be the beginning of any event, and one event always follows continuously from another. The second technique is to consider the action of one person, a king, a commander, as the sum of the arbitrariness of people, while the sum of human arbitrariness is never expressed in the activity of one historical person.
Historical science, in its movement, constantly accepts smaller and smaller units for consideration and in this way strives to get closer to the truth. But no matter how small the units that history accepts, we feel that the assumption of a unit separated from another, the assumption of the beginning of some phenomenon and the assumption that the arbitrariness of all people is expressed in the actions of one historical person are false in themselves.
Every conclusion of history, without the slightest effort on the part of criticism, disintegrates like dust, leaving nothing behind, only due to the fact that criticism selects a larger or smaller discontinuous unit as the object of observation; to which it always has the right, since the historical unit taken is always arbitrary.
Only by allowing an infinitely small unit for observation - the differential of history, that is, the homogeneous drives of people, and having achieved the art of integrating (taking the sums of these infinitesimals), can we hope to comprehend the laws of history.
The first fifteen years of the 19th century in Europe represented an extraordinary movement of millions of people. People leave their usual occupations, rush from one side of Europe to the other, rob, kill one another, triumph and despair, and the whole course of life changes for several years and represents an intensified movement, which at first increases, then weakens. What was the reason for this movement or according to what laws did it occur? - asks the human mind.
Historians, answering this question, describe to us the actions and speeches of several dozen people in one of the buildings in the city of Paris, calling these actions and speeches the word revolution; then they give a detailed biography of Napoleon and some people sympathetic and hostile to him, talk about the influence of some of these people on others and say: this is why this movement occurred, and these are its laws.
But the human mind not only refuses to believe in this explanation, but directly says that the method of explanation is not correct, because with this explanation the weakest phenomenon is taken as the cause of the strongest. The sum of human arbitrariness made both the revolution and Napoleon, and only the sum of these arbitrarinesses tolerated them and destroyed them.
“But whenever there have been conquests, there have been conquerors; every time there were revolutions in the state, there were great people,” says history. Indeed, whenever conquerors appeared, there were wars, the human mind answers, but this does not prove that conquerors were the causes of wars and that it was possible to find the laws of war in the personal activity of one person. Every time, when I look at my watch, I see that the hand has approached ten, I hear that the gospel begins in the neighboring church, but from the fact that every time the hand comes to ten o’clock when the gospel begins, I I have no right to conclude that the position of the arrow is the reason for the movement of the bells.
Every time I see a steam locomotive moving, I hear the sound of a whistle, I see the opening of a valve and the movement of the wheels; but from this I have no right to conclude that the whistle and movement of the wheels are the causes of the movement of the locomotive.
The peasants say that a cold wind blows in late spring because the oak bud is unfurling, and indeed, every spring a cold wind blows when the oak tree is unfurling. But although the reason for the cold wind blowing when the oak tree unfurls is unknown to me, I cannot agree with the peasants that the cause of the cold wind is the unfurling of the oak bud, only because the force of the wind is beyond the influence of the bud. I see only the coincidence of those conditions that exist in every life phenomenon, and I see that, no matter how much and no matter how detailed I observe the clock hand, the valve and wheels of the locomotive and the bud of the oak tree, I do not recognize the reason for the bell, the movement of the locomotive and the spring wind. To do this, I must completely change my point of observation and study the laws of the movement of steam, bells and wind. History should do the same. And attempts to do this have already been made.
To study the laws of history, we must completely change the subject of observation, leave kings, ministers and generals alone, and study the homogeneous, infinitesimal elements that lead the masses. No one can say how much it is possible for a person to achieve an understanding of the laws of history through this way; but it is obvious that on this path only lies the possibility of capturing historical laws and that on this path the human mind has not yet made one millionth of the effort that historians have put into describing the acts of various kings, generals and ministers and presenting their considerations on the occasion of these acts.
The forces of twelve languages of Europe rushed into Russia. The Russian army and population retreat, avoiding a collision, to Smolensk and from Smolensk to Borodino. The French army, with ever-increasing speed, rushes towards Moscow, towards the goal of its movement. The strength of its swiftness, approaching the target, increases, just as the speed of a falling body increases as it approaches the ground. A thousand miles away is a hungry, hostile country; There are dozens of miles ahead, separating us from the goal. Every soldier of the Napoleonic army feels this, and the invasion is approaching by itself, by sheer force of swiftness.
In the Russian army, as they retreat, the spirit of bitterness against the enemy flares up more and more: retreating back, it concentrates and grows. There is a clash near Borodino. Neither army disintegrates, but Russian army immediately after the collision, it retreats just as necessarily as a ball necessarily rolls away when it collides with another ball rushing towards it with greater speed; and just as inevitably (although having lost all its strength in the collision) the rapidly scattering ball of invasion rolls over some more space.
The Russians retreat one hundred and twenty versts - beyond Moscow, the French reach Moscow and stop there. For five weeks after this there is not a single battle. The French don't move. Like a mortally wounded animal, which, bleeding, licks its wounds, they remain in Moscow for five weeks, doing nothing, and suddenly, without any new reason, they run back: they rush onto the Kaluga road (and after the victory, since again the battlefield remained behind them at Maloyaroslavets), without entering into a single serious battle, they run even faster back to Smolensk, beyond Smolensk, beyond Vilna, beyond the Berezina and beyond .
On the evening of August 26, both Kutuzov and the entire Russian army were sure that battle of Borodino won. Kutuzov wrote to the sovereign in this way. Kutuzov ordered preparations for a new battle in order to finish off the enemy, not because he wanted to deceive anyone, but because he knew that the enemy was defeated, just as each of the participants in the battle knew it.
But that same evening and the next day, news began to arrive, one after another, about unheard-of losses, about the loss of half the army, and a new battle turned out to be physically impossible.
It was impossible to give battle when information had not yet been collected, the wounded had not been removed, shells had not been replenished, the dead had not been counted, new commanders had not been appointed to replace the dead, people had not eaten or slept.
And at the same time, immediately after the battle, the next morning, the French army (due to that rapid force of movement, now increased as if in the inverse ratio of the squares of the distances) was already advancing by itself on the Russian army. Kutuzov wanted to attack the next day, and the whole army wanted this. But in order to attack, the desire to do so is not enough; there needs to be an opportunity to do this, but this opportunity was not there. It was impossible not to retreat to one transition, then in the same way it was impossible not to retreat to another and a third transition, and finally on September 1, when the army approached Moscow, despite all the strength of the rising feeling in the ranks of the troops, the force of things demanded so that these troops march for Moscow. And the troops retreated one more, to the last crossing and gave Moscow to the enemy.
For those people who are accustomed to thinking that plans for wars and battles are drawn up by commanders in the same way as each of us, sitting in his office over a map, makes considerations about how and how he would manage such and such a battle, questions arise as to why Kutuzov didn’t do this and that when retreating, why he didn’t take up a position before Fili, why he didn’t immediately retreat to the Kaluga road, left Moscow, etc. People who are used to thinking like this forget or don’t know those inevitable conditions in which the activities of every commander in chief always take place. The activity of a commander does not have the slightest resemblance to the activity that we imagine, sitting freely in an office, analyzing some campaign on the map with a known number of troops, on both sides, and in a certain area, and starting our considerations with what some famous moment. The commander-in-chief is never in those conditions of the beginning of some event in which we always consider the event. The commander-in-chief is always in the middle of a moving series of events, and so that never, at any moment, is he able to think through the full significance of the event taking place. An event is imperceptibly, moment by moment, cut into its meaning, and at every moment of this sequential, continuous cutting of the event, the commander-in-chief is in the center of a complex game, intrigue, worries, dependence, power, projects, advice, threats, deceptions, is constantly in the need to respond to the countless number of questions proposed to him, always contradicting one another.
Military scientists tell us very seriously that Kutuzov, much earlier than Filey, should have moved troops to the Kaluga road, that someone even proposed such a project. But the commander-in-chief, especially in difficult times, faces not one project, but always dozens at the same time. And each of these projects, based on strategy and tactics, contradicts one another. The commander-in-chief's job, it would seem, is only to choose one of these projects. But he cannot do this either. Events and time do not wait. He is offered, let’s say, on the 28th to go to the Kaluga road, but at this time Miloradovich’s adjutant jumps up and asks whether to start business with the French now or retreat. He needs to give orders now, this very minute. And the order to retreat takes us off the turn onto the Kaluga road. And following the adjutant, the quartermaster asks where to take the provisions, and the head of the hospitals asks where to take the wounded; and a courier from St. Petersburg brings a letter from the sovereign, not allowing the possibility of leaving Moscow, and the rival of the commander-in-chief, the one who undermines him (there are always such, and not one, but several), offers new project, diametrically opposed to the plan for access to the Kaluga road; and the forces of the commander-in-chief himself require sleep and reinforcement; and the venerable general, bypassed by a reward, comes to complain, and the inhabitants beg for protection; the officer sent to inspect the area arrives and reports the exact opposite of what the officer sent before him said; and the spy, the prisoner and the general doing reconnaissance - all describe the position of the enemy army differently. People who are accustomed to not understanding or forgetting these the necessary conditions activities of any commander-in-chief, present to us, for example, the position of the troops in Fili and at the same time assume that the commander-in-chief could completely freely resolve the issue of abandoning or defending Moscow on September 1, whereas with the position of the Russian army five miles from Moscow this issue could not have arisen . When was this issue resolved? And near Drissa, and near Smolensk, and most noticeably on the 24th near Shevardin, and on the 26th near Borodin, and on every day, hour, and minute of the retreat from Borodino to Fili.
Russian troops, having retreated from Borodino, stood at Fili. Ermolov, who had gone to inspect the position, drove up to the field marshal.
“There is no way to fight in this position,” he said. Kutuzov looked at him in surprise and forced him to repeat the words he had said. When he spoke, Kutuzov extended his hand to him.
“Give me your hand,” he said, and, turning it so as to feel his pulse, he said: “You’re not well, my dear.” Think about what you are saying.
Kutuzov on Poklonnaya Hill, six miles from the Dorogomilovskaya outpost, got out of the carriage and sat down on a bench on the edge of the road. A huge crowd of generals gathered around him. Count Rastopchin, having arrived from Moscow, joined them. This whole brilliant society, divided into several circles, talked among themselves about the advantages and disadvantages of the position, about the position of the troops, about the proposed plans, about the state of Moscow, and about military issues in general. Everyone felt that although they had not been called to this, although it was not called that, it was a council of war. The conversations were all kept in the area of general issues. If anyone reported or learned personal news, it was said in a whisper, and they immediately went back to general questions: no jokes, no laughter, no smiles were even noticeable between all these people. Everyone, obviously with effort, tried to stay at the height of the situation. And all the groups, talking among themselves, tried to stay close to the commander-in-chief (whose shop was the center in these circles) and spoke so that he could hear them. The commander-in-chief listened and sometimes asked questions about what was being said around him, but he himself did not enter into the conversation and did not express any opinion. For the most part, after listening to the conversation of some circle, he turned away with a look of disappointment - as if they were not talking about what he wanted to know. Some spoke about the chosen position, criticizing not so much the position itself as mental capacity those who chose it; others argued that a mistake had been made earlier, that the battle should have been fought on the third day; still others talked about the Battle of Salamanca, which the Frenchman Crosard, who had just arrived in a Spanish uniform, told about. (This Frenchman, together with one of the German princes who served in the Russian army, dealt with the siege of Saragossa, foreseeing the opportunity to also defend Moscow.) In the fourth circle, Count Rastopchin said that he and the Moscow squad were ready to die under the walls of the capital, but that everything yet he cannot help but regret the uncertainty in which he was left, and that if he had known this before, things would have been different... The fifth, showing the depth of their strategic considerations, talked about the direction that the troops would have to take. The sixth spoke complete nonsense. Kutuzov's face became more and more concerned and sadder. From all the conversations of these Kutuzov saw one thing: there was no physical possibility to defend Moscow in the full meaning of these words, that is, it was not possible to such an extent that if some crazy commander-in-chief had given the order to give battle, then confusion would have occurred and the battles would have all it wouldn't have happened; it wouldn't be because everything top bosses not only did they recognize this position as impossible, but in their conversations they discussed only what would happen after the undoubted abandonment of this position. How could commanders lead their troops on a battlefield they considered impossible? The lower commanders, even the soldiers (who also reason), also recognized the position as impossible and therefore could not go to fight with the certainty of defeat. If Bennigsen insisted on defending this position and others were still discussing it, then this question no longer mattered in itself, but mattered only as a pretext for dispute and intrigue. Kutuzov understood this.
Bennigsen, having chosen a position, ardently exposing his Russian patriotism (which Kutuzov could not listen to without wincing), insisted on the defense of Moscow. Kutuzov saw Bennigsen’s goal as clear as day: if the defense failed, to blame Kutuzov, who brought the troops to the Sparrow Hills without a battle, and if successful, to attribute it to himself; in case of refusal, to clear oneself of the crime of leaving Moscow. But this question of intrigue did not occupy the old man’s mind now. One terrible question occupied him. And he did not hear an answer to this question from anyone. The question for him now was only this: “Did I really allow Napoleon to reach Moscow, and when did I do it? When was this decided? Was it really yesterday, when I sent an order to Platov to retreat, or the evening of the third day, when I dozed off and ordered Bennigsen to give orders? Or even before?.. but when, when was this terrible matter decided? Moscow must be abandoned. The troops must retreat, and this order must be given.” To give this terrible order seemed to him the same thing as giving up command of the army. And not only did he love power, got used to it (the honor given to Prince Prozorovsky, under whom he was in Turkey, teased him), he was convinced that the salvation of Russia was destined for him and that only because, against the will of the sovereign and by the will of the people, he was elected commander-in-chief. He was convinced that he was the only one difficult conditions could remain at the head of the army, that he alone in the whole world was able to know the invincible Napoleon as his enemy without horror; and he was horrified at the thought of the order he was about to give. But something had to be decided, it was necessary to stop these conversations around him, which were beginning to take on too free a character.
