What are the two extreme points? What is the easternmost point of Russia. The northernmost point of Russia

Planet Earth is truly unique. Here are different continents, on which, respectively, are different countries with their geographical features. Eurasia is considered the largest continent. Here, among other countries, Russia is located. In the article, we will consider the geography of Eurasia and the Russian Federation in more detail. Find out where the extreme mainland points of Russia are located.

Eurasia

It occupies 36% of the total land surface of the Earth (more than 53,500 million sq. km), about 3/4 of the population of the entire planet Earth (about 5 billion) lives on it. The mainland is divided into two parts, Europe and Asia. They are territorially unequal among themselves. The latter makes up more than 80% of the area of the entire continent.

Europe

The northernmost section of this part is (Kinnarudden). Located in Norway, it is a rock jutting out into the Barents Sea. The opposite point, the southernmost point, is Cape Marroki. This place is located in the Spanish province of Cadiz, in the Strait of Gibraltar. There is a lighthouse here. The coast of Africa is only 14 km away. Cape Roca (Portugal) - western point. There is also a lighthouse on it, giving light to ships plowing the expanses of the Atlantic Ocean. The northernmost site is located on the territory of our country, in the Polar Urals.

Asia

extreme points on the continents may coincide with those of some countries. So, for example, it happened with the Russian Federation. Some extreme continental points of Russia coincide with these sections of this part of the continent. There are two of them. The northernmost continental point of Russia is located at Cape Chelyuskin. It is located at the tip of the Taimyr Peninsula. The extreme eastern point of Russia is Cape Dezhnev. It is located in Chukotka. These extreme points of Russia bear the names of the great explorers of the Arctic. In Asia there is Cape Baba. This is the western extreme point of this zone of the mainland. It is located in the northwestern part of the Turkish peninsular formation of Asia Minor. Southern section - Cape Piai. It is the tip of the Malay Peninsula in Malaysia.

RF and Eurasia

Some ancient cartographers considered Russia independent part light, so how wide is it? Our country occupies almost a third of the Eurasian continent, it is the first in the world in terms of territory and the ninth in terms of population. Russia has borders with eighteen countries, ranking first in the world on this indicator. Our country has the longest border in the world, which at the same time exceeds sea lines twice as much as land lines. Three oceans wash the Russian Federation: Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic.

Anyone who has traveled or lives in the region of the Ural Mountains has probably seen the corresponding pillars (tourists like to be photographed there), outlining the border of Europe and Asia, parts of the world in which the largest and most notable events of human history have been taking place for many millennia, sometimes having a fundamental influence on the entire globe. The southern borders of Asia and Europe are drawn along the Kuma-Manych depression. If we consider the ratio of the European and Asian parts of the world within Russia, then only 1/5 of it is located in Europe, the rest of the territory falls on Asia. "Yes, we are Asians," said the poet. If we consider his words in a purely geographical context, then he was certainly right.

RF: a brief description of the country

Part Russian Federation includes eighty-five territorial and national-territorial entities. State structure- federal. The country is a mixed republic. The capital of Russia is the city of Moscow, the country is headed by the president, official language- Russian. The state includes various subjects of law, endowed with different powers depending on the status of the entity. The basic units are regions, republics, territories, autonomous districts and regions, cities, including those of federal significance and subordination.

Geography

The territorial center of Russia is located in the region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, not far from the southeastern part of the shore of Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near the capital - Kyzyl. The area of the country is 1/8 of the world territory. It is more than one and a half times the size of Europe and almost twice the size of the United States. A quarter of the equator - this is the length of the world from west to east (about 10,000 km), the length along the north-south line is more than 4,000 km.

Extreme points of Russia. Location on the cardinal points

The extreme eastern point of Russia coincides with the corresponding one in Eurasia, since the country's territory occupies the northeastern part of the mainland. This, as mentioned above, is Cape Dezhnev. Further east is a non-continental point. It is rocky. It is located in the island. There is no permanent population on the island. The frontier guards the most eastern border country. On the island there is one of the largest bird markets in the region and a large walrus rookery. The northernmost continental point of Russia coincides with the corresponding one in Asia. As you know, it is further north located on about. Rudolf This is another extreme northern point of Russia. It is part of Franz Josef Land. It is the northernmost point on the non-mainland part of the country. This area is covered by a glacier almost the entire.

In the west, the extreme point of the state is located in an enclave region that does not have common land borders with the Russian Federation, in the Kaliningrad region. It is located on the Baltic Sea, on a narrow part of the land. The Baltic Spit separates from the main water area. This part of the land is covered with sandy beaches and dunes. The extreme southern point of Russia is located in the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan, not far from Mount Bazardyuzyu (southwest of it). The mountain peaks of these places, rich fauna create a unique landscape that attracts the attention of tourists from all over the world. There are other extreme points of Russia. For example, the highest mountain peak is located in the Caucasus. This is the famous Mount Elbrus. The summit is located in Karachay-Cherkessia. The region of the Caspian depression is considered the lowest height in Russia.

Territory of the Russian Federation. Short description

Our country occupies such a large territory that it fits three climatic zones. In particular, it is temperate, arctic and subarctic. There are ten natural zones on the territory - from the northern Arctic to semi-deserts and deserts in the south. They make the nature of Russia one of a kind. There are tundra, forest-tundra, forest-steppe, taiga. Mixed forests, and broad-leaved, steppes are also widespread. This is a country of natural contrasts.

Mountains and plains, arid and swampy areas are unique landscapes. The country is rich in minerals and natural resources. The deepest lake in the world (Baikal), the most major river in Europe (Volga), the highest peak in the same part of the world (Elbrus) - all this is the Russian Federation. The vast territory of the country, which makes up one fifth of it, lies beyond the Arctic Circle. And some extreme points of Russia coincide with the continental ones. In terms of relief, the country can be conditionally divided into several parts: Fennoscandia (Karelia, Kola Peninsula), East European and West Siberian Plain, Central Siberian Plateau, Ural Mountains, southern and eastern mountain ranges.

“You can make a series about the extreme points of Russia. For example, it’s not difficult to find the eastern and western.
No one knows where the South campaign is. In any case, no one really writes on the Internet yet."

Well, let's go look for points ..

Russia is located in the north of the Eurasian continent and occupies about a third of its territory (31.5%). The extreme northern and eastern points of the mainland are at the same time the extreme points of Russia. The country is located in two parts of the world and occupies the eastern sector of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Russia is washed by the seas of three oceans: the Atlantic, the Arctic and the Pacific.

The border between Europe and Asia within Russia is drawn along Ural mountains and along the Kuma-Manych depression. Only slightly more than 1/5 of the country's area belongs to Europe (about 22%). At the same time, the European territory of Russia is often understood to mean the entire territory lying west of the Urals (about 23% of the area). In any case, the Asian part of Russia accounts for more than 3/4 of the country's territory. The 180th meridian passes through Wrangel Island and Chukotka, therefore, the eastern outskirts of Russia lies in the Western Hemisphere. Geographic center Russia is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Evenk Autonomous Okrug on Lake Vivi. In Tuva, near Kyzyl, is the center of Asia.

The Russian Federation is the largest state in the world in terms of territory, the country's area is 17 million 75 thousand 400 km2 (one eighth of the world's territory). The area of Russia is 1.7 times the area of Europe and 1.8 times the area of the United States, 2 times the area of China and 29 times the area of Ukraine, the largest European state.

Extreme northern point

The extreme northern point of Russia on the mainland is located far beyond the Arctic Circle at Cape Chelyuskin (77 ° 43 "N).

Cape Chelyuskin, which is the northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula and the Eurasian continent, was first reached by man in 1742. Then the expedition led by Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin named the Cape East-Northern. It took place as part of the Great Northern Expedition, which was approved by the Admiralty Board, which considered that it was necessary to explore in detail the north of Russia from Pechora to Chukotka and make a description of those places. In honor of Semyon Chelyuskin, a polar navigator and explorer of the north of Russia, the cape was named already in 1842, when the centenary of his expedition was celebrated.

Chelyuskin's travel journal, in which he shares his impressions of his journey on dog sleds, the difficult journey he and his comrades made, and their arrival at the cape, is still kept in St. Petersburg, in the archives of the Navy.

The northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula has a harsh climate. Winter here is year-round, the snow practically does not melt, and the temperature in July and August usually does not exceed +1C°.

The second person to visit this cape was the geologist and geographer from Sweden, Niels Nordenskiöld. The third was the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen, who on September 9, 1893 sailed past Cape Chelyuskin in a heavy snow storm on the Fram ship.

At present, the station is called a radiometeorological center, where from 8 to 10 people spend the winter. A number of residential buildings and scientific pavilions have been built. Some of the buildings are abandoned and not in use. The northernmost airfield of continental Eurasia, Cape Chelyuskin, is also located here, which is serviced by the Khatanga United Aviation Enterprise. From the airfield, only a helipad remained, serviced by the military.

In 1932, a polar station was equipped on the cape, to which an observatory was later added. Now the station has been transferred to the status of a meteorological station. About 10 people constantly winter on it. Communication with the mainland and civilization is provided by the Cape Chelyuskin airfield with a helipad.

And one more island point: Cape Fligely on Rudolf Island in the archipelago of Franz Josef Land is located even further north - 81 ° 49 "N, the distance from Cape Fligely to the North Pole is only 900 km.

Rudolf Island is the northernmost of the Franz Josef Land islands. Cape Fligeli on the island is the northernmost point of land belonging to the Russian Federation, and at the same time the northernmost point of Europe. The island administratively belongs to the Arkhangelsk region. The area is 297 km². Almost completely covered by a glacier.

The island, like the entire Franz Josef Archipelago, was discovered in 1873 by the Austro-Hungarian expedition of the explorer J. Payer, and was named after Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria. In 1936, the base of the first Soviet air expedition to North Pole. From there, in May 1937, four heavy four-engine ANT-6 aircraft delivered the Papanin team to the top of the world.

The meteorological station on Rudolf Island was opened in August 1932 as part of the program of the Second International Polar Year. 4 people remained for the first wintering, led by N.F. Balabin. A year later, the station was mothballed, and again work continued in the summer of 1936. Initially, the station was equipped as a base for the 1937 air expedition to the North Pole. Airfields were equipped near the station and on the ice dome of the island. In the period from April 1942 to 1947, it was mothballed again. The last period of work is 1947-1995.

Extreme southern point

According to the first version, the extreme southern point is located southwest of Mount Bazardyuzyu in the eastern part of the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. The latitude of the point is 41 ° 11 "N. The distance between the extreme northern and southern points exceeds 40 ° along the meridian, and the northern mainland point is 36.5 ° away from the southern one. This is just over 4 thousand km.

All directories indicate - Bazardyuzyu (4466 m *) - the highest of the mountain peaks of the Republic of Dagestan and neighboring Azerbaijan. 41°13′16″ N sh. 47°51′29″ E e.

However, there is another version: The extreme southern bend of the border between the Russian Federation and Azerbaijan is located a few kilometers southwest of Bazardyuzyu peak. Mount Ragdan is closer to the southern point of Russia (41 ° 12 "N) And the village of Kurush is the southernmost locality....

The peak on the left is Bazarduzu, on the right is Ragdan

The Usukhchaya Valley is unique in terms of having the epithets “most”, “most”, “most”. Here is the easternmost glacier of Dagestan - Tikhitsar. And the southernmost glacier of Dagestan and Russia - Charyn also lies in the river basin. Mount Ragdan, the southernmost point of the Russian Federation, rises near the Charyn glacier. One of the longest and highest rocky walls of the Caucasus is the Western Face of Erydag - the pride of our wall-climbers. Finally, the highest peak of Dagestan - Bazarduzi (4466 m) also adjoins the Usukhchay valley. One more thing can be noted natural phenomenon valleys. From the crest of Erydag, the Charaur waterfall, the highest in Dagestan, breaks down to a depth of 300 meters.

Closer to the southern point of Russia is Mount Ragdan (41°12" N), but it can only be found on large-scale maps.

Such a length of the territory from north to south, combined with the latitudinal position, determines the uneven supply of heat to the surface of the country and the formation within it of three climatic zones (arctic, subarctic and temperate) and ten natural zones (from arctic deserts to temperate deserts). The main part of the territory of Russia is located between 70 and 50 ° N. latitude. About 20% of the territory lies beyond the Arctic Circle. The area of the regions of the North is 10 million km2, in this respect only Canada can serve as an analogue.

Westernmost point

The extreme western point of Russia is located in the Kaliningrad region on the sandy Baltic Spit of the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea at 19 ° 38 "30" E. But due to the fact that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the rest of Russia by the territory of other states and is an enclave, the extreme western point has turned into a kind of "island" point.

They also call the western point of the compact part of Russia, that is, without taking into account the Kaliningrad region, in the Pskov region, just north of the junction of the borders of Estonia, Latvia and Russia (27 ° 17 "E).

Extreme eastern point

The extreme eastern point of Russia on the mainland is located at Cape Dezhnev (169 ° 40 "W) - Ratmanov Island in the Bering Strait is located even further east - 169 ° 02" W.

Cape Dezhnev, one of the most brutal places on the Chukotka Peninsula. Here the rocks are piled one on top of the other, there are often fogs and a piercing wind is constantly blowing. From this point to the extreme western point of America - Cape Prince of Wales - 86 kilometers.

Despite the remoteness from civilization, these places have attractions. Lighthouse named after Semyon Dezhnev and an ancient cross, installed nearby, an abandoned settlement of whalers of the XVIII-XX centuries - Naukan (it was disbanded during Soviet power). However, those who climb into these parts go to look at the unique fauna: there are countless bird colonies, there is a walrus and seal rookery, in spring you can see polar bears with cubs. Sometimes killer whales and gray whales swim close to the shore.

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev in 1648 rounded the Chukotka Peninsula from the north and proved that it was possible to get from Europe to China through the northern seas. He passed through the strait separating America from Eurasia 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, but then little was known about the Russian pioneers in the Old World. Therefore, glory went to Bering.
However, in 1879, restoring justice, the Swedish Arctic explorer Niels Nordenskiöld named the extreme eastern point of Eurasia - Cape Dezhnev, after the Russian navigator. Until that time, the cape was called Vostochny.

How to get there: the nearest village Uelen is located 10 kilometers from Cape Dezhnev, and the nearest airport is located in Provideniya Bay, where planes fly from Anadyr.

Ratmanov Island has irregular shape(about 9 km long, 5 km wide) and an area of about 10 sq. km; practically it is a large rock with a flat top. Just 4 km 160 m is the island of Kruzenshtern (formerly Small Diomede), with an area of about 5 square meters. km, which belongs to the United States. There is also Fairway Rock. The name of Diomede was given to this archipelago by Vitus Bering, who approached the big island on the boat "Saint Gabriel" on August 16, 1728 on the day of St. Diomede. But even before this name, Ratmanov Island already had a name - Imaklik (translated from the Eskimo - “surrounded by water”), which was given to it by the Eskimos who lived on it for more than two thousand years. By the way, the Eskimos called the island of Krusenstern (former Little Diomede) Ingalik, which means "opposite".

The story of getting the island named after Ratmanov is as follows. In 1816, the famous navigator Otto Kotzebue, while exploring the Bering Strait, mistakenly counted not three islands in the Diomede archipelago (as it had been mapped since 1732), but four islands. He decided to give the “newly discovered” island the name of his colleague, naval officer Makar Ratmanov, with whom he took part in round the world expedition a few years earlier. When the mistake was discovered, they decided to leave the name of Ratmanov on the map, and from the middle of the 19th century, Big Diomede changed its name.

Western (big) - Ratmanov Island

The island is like a gable roof, with a vast, gentler northern slope. From south to north, as if bending it in the middle, a river flows with marshy banks, and closer to the raised edges, placers of bare stones and bizarre remnants begin. The southern ramp is smaller but steeper. The remnants on it are more numerous and the steep banks are higher. The junction of both slopes forms a small ridge, highest point which is called Mount Roof. The island occupies a key position on the border of Asia and North America and two oceans - the Pacific and the Arctic. From it you can see a huge area of water. For tens of kilometers to the west, north and east, it is easy to trace the movements of marine animals and the flights of birds.

The brave Inupik Eskimo sailors lived on the islands. Through them, the exchange trade of Asian and American Eskimos went on, they were at the center of all the events of the Northern Bering Sea and, creating their own culture, they adopted a lot from the cultural traditions that already existed on both continents. In 1948, with the start cold war between the USSR and the USA, the inhabitants of the island were resettled to the mainland.

Now there is a Russian border outpost on Ratmanov Island. On the island of Kruzenshtern there is a village with a population of 600 people. Between these islands is the Russian-American border, as well as the international date line. Getting to Ratmanov Island is not just difficult, but extremely difficult. And not only because it is actually state border, but also due to weather conditions - 300 days a year the island is shrouded in thick fog. The shortest way: from Anadyr by helicopter via St. Lawrence. But this is only after obtaining permission from the SVRPU. But it's worth it!

The distance between the western and eastern outskirts of Russia is 171 ° 20 "or almost 10 thousand km. With a huge extent of the territory from west to east, the degree of continentality of the climate changes, which entails the manifestation of sectorality in changing nature. There are 10 time zones within the Russian Federation .
The highest point in Russia is Mount Elbrus (5642 m), located in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic on the border with the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The lowest absolute height was noted in the Caspian depression (-28 m).

So we walked around our Motherland Russia around :-)

sources

Russia is the largest state on the globe. The territory of our country is more than 17 ml.km². The distance between the northern and southern margins is more than 4 thousand km., between the western and eastern about 10 thousand km. In Russia, there are 11 time zones, the time difference between the extreme points of the hour range is 11 hours. 40 minutes. Impressive number! While some Russians in Kaliningrad are preparing their breakfast and getting ready for work, others in Vladivostok have already returned home from work and are sitting down to dinner. No less striking is the difference in temperature regimes between the northern and southern climatic zones, which in the off-season can be up to 30-40 degrees.

What points of our country are considered the most extreme?

If we take into account the continental territory, then the most extreme points will be:

North: Cape Chelyuskin (Krasnoyarsk Territory).
East: Cape Dezhnev (Chukotka).
South: a point slightly east of Mount Ragdan (Dagestan) It does not appear on maps.
West: not marked on the maps, located on the coast of the Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad.

If we take into account the island territory, the extreme points, with the exception of the southern one, will be different:

North: Cape Fligely on the northernmost island of the Franz Josef Land archipelago.
East: frontier post on Ratmanov Island (Chukotka).
West: border post Normenln (Kaliningrad region).

What cities are located in close proximity to the most extreme points of our country?

North: Pevek (Chukotka).
East: Anadyr (Chukotka).
South: Derbent (Dagestan).
West: Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region).

Let's talk about the extreme points of Russia in more detail:

North

The continental northern point is located at Cape Chelyuskin, which is located in the north of the Taimyr Peninsula. This territory was discovered by the famous explorer of the Arctic - Semyon Chelyuskin in the forties of the 18th century. Further north is Cape Fligeli, located on Rudolf Island (Arkhangelsk region), which is considered the northernmost island point of the Russian Federation. Almost the entire territory of the island is covered with a layer eternal ice. The climate here in the full sense of the word is arctic. The average annual temperature on the island is minus 12ºC. Even in July, the temperature very rarely rises to positive levels. The average daily temperature in July is -1°C, in January -24°C.

Cape Chelyuskin

East

Cape Dezhnev, the easternmost continental territory of the Russian Federation, was discovered by the Russian traveler Semyon Dezhnev in 1648. The cape is a mountain range on the coast of the Bering Strait. The climate is harsh, the temperature in winter can drop below 40ºC, in summer it usually does not exceed plus 8ºC. Numerous colonies of birds settle on the elephants of the hills, which steeply drop into the sea, and walruses and seals arrange their rookeries on the coastal strip. In the spring you can see polar bears here. From Cape Dezhnev, a stone's throw to America - only 86 km separate the easternmost point of Russia from the westernmost outskirts of America Cape Prince of Wales. Despite the remoteness from civilization, tourists often come here - adherents of original travels. They are attracted by the brutal beauty of the local nature and local attractions - an old wooden cross and a lighthouse-monument to Semyon Dezhnev. Further east is the island extreme point - Ratmanov Island, which is washed by the waters of the Bering Strait. There is a border post here. Its employees wear honorary title Russians who meet the new year first.

South

The southern outskirts of our country is located not far from the mountain peak of the Caucasus Range - Ragdan (4020 m.). The average annual air temperature here, frankly, is far from being southern, only plus 4 ° C. Alpine meadows at the foot of the mountain are replaced by sparse vegetation on its slopes. A rare representative of the animal world lives here - the Caucasian snowcock (leopard)

West

The western outskirts of our state runs along the Baltic Spit - a 65-kilometer strip of land between the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Kaliningrad. The spit is divided in the middle by the border with Poland. The westernmost kilometers of the spit are occupied by a border outpost. The Poles turned their part into a real tourist mecca, creating a fashionable resort there. Russian territory For a long time it was classified and practically abandoned. Lovers of “wild” recreation come here, for whom these places are a great opportunity to escape from civilization. They live here in tents or abandoned buildings without amenities, sacrificing comfort for many kilometers of sandy beaches, healing sea air and unique nature.

Russia is the largest country in terms of size on the entire planet Earth. Its territory exceeds one sixth of the entire land mass. The easternmost point of Russia is defined in two ways and is divided into extreme island and extreme continental points. Let's consider each of them.

The extreme eastern mainland point of Russia: eternal cold

Russia occupies the entire northeastern part of the mainland. Accordingly, its borders coincide with the borders of Eurasia. Therefore, the extreme eastern mainland point, like Eurasia, is Cape Dezhnev (169 ° 40 "W) on the Chukotka Peninsula. The Swedish scientist A. Nordenskiöld in 1879 renamed this place in honor of the Russian navigator Semyon Dezhnev. Until this year, the cape was called It was S.I. Dezhnev who was the first to pass through the northern seas, rounding the Chukchi Peninsula, and stopping at this cape.

Very close to the US border. Alaska is located 80 km from Cape Dezhnev. Arctic climate with harsh natural conditions does not leave room for the development of the industry, so the population is small, mainly - these are the indigenous people of these places - the Eskimos. The only settlement on the cape is the village of Uelen.

The main attraction is a sixteen-meter lighthouse-obelisk in honor of S. Dezhnev, placed at a hundred-meter height. In its niche is a bust of a navigator and a cast-iron commemorative plaque. The obelisk itself is covered with marble chips.

In addition to it, there is also an old cross made of wood. This is the very first monument in honor of the great discoverer Dezhnev. Rare travelers who decide to visit this point on the map mark the village of Naukan, where whalers lived and worked. It was disbanded at the end of the 20th century, when the Soviets came to power.

On Cape Dezhnev, walruses and seals are found in abundance. For them, here expanse. Scientists have noted more than 40 species of birds living on the cape. Killer whales and whales can often be seen from the shore. Also, the "inhabitants" of the cape are polar bears and cubs. Unusual natural feature of this place - the height of about 740 m - makes the cape look like a large sheer cliff, abruptly breaking off into the sea.

Until the middle of the 19th century, Fort Ross, located in Northern California, was the extreme eastern point of Russia. After the Russian Empire sold this settlement, its status was taken by Russian Alaska. In 1867, Alaska was ceded to the United States. Then the border began to be located between the two islands of the Diomede archipelago - Big and Small.

Ratmanov Island, otherwise Big Diomede, bears the honorary title of the most eastern island point of the Russian Federation. Administratively belongs to Chukotka autonomous region and is surrounded by two seas - the Bering and Chukchi. The area of this island is about 10 sq. km, the coordinates on the map are 65 ° 47' northern latitude and 169 ° 01' western longitude.

The island is located in the Bering Strait. Its nature is harsh: huge rocks and a piercing cold wind. Therefore, the permanent population on about. Ratmanov is not. More habitable is the northern half of Diomede, which is famous for its large bird colonies.

Ratmanov Island is a strategically important geographical object. Here is the border Russian state from North America, and serve as border guards at the outpost. They not only protect the borders of Russia, but also take care of the preservation of the marine biological resource.

Almost 4 km from the Big Diomede is the Little Diomede, which belongs to the territory of the United States of America. Its second name is Krusenstern Island.

The history of the island begins in 1648. Great Russian explorer and discoverer North seas S.I. Dezhnev was the first to visit him, spending some time with the indigenous peoples and studying their way of life and culture. The first expedition to Kamchatka in 1728, led by V. Bering, became the official date for the discovery of the island, which was named Diomede, in honor of St. Diomede. IN early XIX in. Lieutenant Otto Kotzebue gave the island the name of the famous navigator M.I. Ratmanov.

The indigenous inhabitants of the island are the Eskimos, native speakers of the Inupik language. Until the beginning of the 20th century, barter trade was carried out with the peoples of Asia and North America.

Interesting facts about the Diomede Islands

The original name of Ratmanov Island is Imaklik. From the language of the Eskimos it is translated as "surrounded by water."

Between the Big and Little Diomede is the date line. Therefore, moving from one island to another, you can meet New Year 2 times.

The time difference between the extreme western and extreme eastern points of Russia is 12 hours 35 minutes.

The highest point of Ratmanov Island is Mount Roof. Its height is 505 meters.

The last inhabitants of Big Diomede Island - the Eskimos - were evicted to the mainland in 1948 at the beginning of the Cold War.

300 days a year on the territory of the island it is difficult to see something: dense fog.

The easternmost point of Russia can be defined as Cape Dezhnev or Ratmanov Island. The first case is the extreme point, the second is the border of the state. These places attract extreme travelers with their natural power, unusualness and beauty.

Russia ranks first in the world in terms of territory, having borders with 18 countries, including two partially recognized ones. This is a well known fact. But not everyone knows what the most extreme points of the Russian state, spread over two continents, look like. P We bring to your attention a selection of photographs showing the most extreme points of Russia.

The northernmost point of Russia

We will consider the extreme points with the inclusion of islands and exclaves, because the extreme northern point of our country will be Cape Fligely, which is located on Franz Josef Land in the Arkhangelsk region.

Cape Fligely is the extreme northern point of the land of Russia, Europe and all of Eurasia.

It got its name from the Austrian cartographer August von Fligeli who discovered it.

Of course, apart from birds and polar bears, there is not a soul here...

Just look at this power.

In the distance one can see a huge icy part of the cape.

Looking at tiny people against the backdrop of a huge block of ice, you understand the power of the elements.

White bears.

Cold royal beauty and outward calm…

Cape Chelyuskin

And this cape is the northernmost continental point Russia and Eurasia. The depth of the waters at the cape is 10 meters.

The climate here is arctic and very severe. Climatic winter reigns here for 11.5 months.

Currently, there is a station on the cape where from 8 to 10 people winter.

The easternmost point of Russia

Ratmanov Island or Big Diomede, belonging to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, is the easternmost point of Russia.

It received its name in honor of M. I. Ratmanov, a Russian navigator.

Here on the island there is a base of Russian border guards, and there is no population. The depth of water off the coast reaches 43 meters.

3.76 km from Big Diomede, as Ratmanov Island is also called, is Little Diomede, owned by the United States. This photo was taken just from its shores.

Cape Dezhnev

This cape is the extreme eastern continental point of the Chukotka Peninsula and, accordingly, the extreme eastern continental point of Russia and all of Eurasia. Named after Semyon Dezhnev, a Russian navigator.