We visited the central office of the Tunguska Reserve. The alleged place of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite is in the deep taiga, just 70 km from here. Wanawara has been a capital city for many years, where explorers flock Tunguska phenomenon. Almost all expeditions, as official, starting from the first, under the leadership of the legendary L.A. Kulik, and subsequent ones, both under the auspices of the Academy of Sciences and amateur, began right here, in Vanavara. The village has an airfield and a connection with the mainland.

What really happened here is unknown.

The explosion that occurred over the vast expanses of the Evenk taiga on June 30 at 07:14.5 local time in 1908 was recorded by all observatories of the world, and the blast wave circled the globe twice. A seismic wave was observed in Irkutsk, Tashkent, Slutsk, Jena, Tbilisi. The area of ​​felled forest, which, according to modern estimates, is 2150 km2. According to various sources, the TNT equivalent of the Tunguska explosion was 10 million tons. The explosion energy is 10-40 megatons, which is equal to 1-2 thousand bombs detonated at a time over Hiroshima.

In 1969, the journal "Priroda" published a manual by P.I. Privalov under the intriguing title "To help compilers of hypotheses related to the fall of the Tunguska meteorite." In it, summing up the endless process of formation of hypotheses, the author in a very concise form (no more than two lines) presented 77 hypotheses registered as of January 1, 1969. The main directions in which they were classified: technogenic (14), "antimatter" (8), religious (3), geophysical (10), meteorite (28), cometary (11), synthetic (3).

Among the most popular are the hypothesis of a meteorite fall, an encounter with Encke's comet, a nuclear explosion, the catastrophe of an extraterrestrial spacecraft, Nikola Tesla's experiments with wireless transmission of electricity, annihilation of terrestrial matter in a collision with antimatter, an explosion of 2.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas, a collision with The earth is a miniature "black hole", the explosion is caused by a laser signal that came to Earth from the civilization of the planetary system 61 Cygnus, the Tunguska meteorite is a plasmacide that has come off the Sun, and even a comic biological - a detonation explosion of a cloud of midges with a volume of more than 5 cubic kilometers.

Curiously, every 3-5 years a new hypothesis emerges. The press raises the "Tunguska boom". The world is notified of the disclosure of the "secret of the century". More than a hundred years have passed since then, but what actually happened in this region has not yet been clarified. To date, there are no reliably confirmed facts, except for the radial fall of trees, and at the epicenter of the Tunguska "explosion" there is a zone of the so-called "telegraph forest": dead trunks with plucked crowns, but standing on the vine, discovered by the first researcher L.A. Kulik. Not without reason, among the inexplicable phenomena of the Earth, what happened here is included in the top three mysteries of the planet. Therefore, in my opinion, it is worth joining the opinion of scientists who call the event that took place on June 30, 1908, more cautiously: "The Tunguska phenomenon."

During a tour of the village, a curious detail came to light. Yura's father, writer V.I. Vlasov, in his childhood, met Kulik's first expedition to study the Tunguska meteorite and even helped the researcher in search of lost points, which he wrote about in his book. Here it is - the connection of times: Yura's father was familiar with Kulik, and now his son introduces us to Vanavara.

We returned to the Vlasovs' home, and here the Bathhouse was already heated and warmed up - and how could it be without it! Later we found ourselves at a festive table laid with a Siberian scale. And all this for quite seemingly strangers to the family of people. Let me remind you that we knew each other for only a few hours. Siberians!!! The next day, having had a great rest both in body and soul, having replenished our provisions, we continued rafting along Podkamennaya. After the first walk, we stopped to rest.

The sound of a motor was heard on the river - and soon a boat moored. This is Yura with his wife Sveta and daughter Chelsea, they caught up with us on a motorboat to warn: "the Vanavara threshold will be 3-4 km lower." Once again we said goodbye to the hospitable and caring hosts and sailed on. In half an hour - the Vanavara threshold. Although the water level is above average, it was not possible to pass it cleanly. Waves overflowed 2-3 buckets of water - and somewhere in the battle they hooked on an underwater rock and made a hole in the kayak. At first, they did not even notice the gaps, but the water in the boat constantly arrived. Landed on the shore, disembarked and engaged in a detailed inspection. We found two holes: one 7 cm and the other 12-15 cm. They sewed up the damage in the old proven way: they glued it on top and applied patches for tightness. No more tape. By the way, the patches no longer bothered us - it was dry in the kayak, and the rest of the way was more than 1000 km, up to the Yenisei, we passed without thinking about them.

bear claw

The mountains gradually receded from the coast. On stretches 3-5 km long, the opening views gave a visual idea of ​​the scale, taiga expanse and scope of Siberia. Impressive! The fishermen who met on the river, when we asked them how far it was to the next village, answered calmly, in an ordinary way: "Yes, no! Not far. Somewhere 130-140 km will be." The folk saying that "a hundred miles in Siberia is not a detour" became clear.

Thanks to the navigation columns, it was now possible to clearly calculate the average speed and the distance traveled per walk and per day's transition. The 5-kilometer section was covered in 34-37 minutes, which means that average speed was within 7-8 km per hour. The weather, which spoiled us at the initial stage, was Siberian. At night - rain turned into a downpour, with stormy gusts of wind. I had to get out and strengthen the stretch marks of the tent so that it would not be torn off by the wind. By the morning the downpour had stopped, the wind had changed from a storm to just strong. To our misfortune, he was oncoming. As kayakers and cyclists say jokingly, "on the route, the wind is always headwind." Those who have sailed know that rowing against the wind is physically hard and unproductive work. The speed dropped sharply, almost twice. Sometimes gusts of wind not only stopped the advance, but, despite the active rowing, they carried it back. We crawl near the bank itself, using every opportunity to hide from the headwind by the relief of the coast and the taiga on the coast. Walkers have become much shorter, and rests on the shore are longer: they waited, maybe the wind will weaken or change direction. Only after 20.00 the wind died down and the last trip went "resting": only "dipping" the oars into the water. Despite the fatigue, the speed was still about 6-7 km / h. We covered 49 km in one day. The above average water level in the river made it possible to pass the shivers and rapids that came across on the way without any problems.

For three days of fighting against wind and waves, we sailed 140 km separating Vanavara from the next settlement of Oskoba village. The first person they met was asked: "Where can I buy bread?" The first person I met was a taiga hunter Vladimir Bogdanov. 57 years old, strong, knocked down, broad-shouldered, 180 cm tall and weighing under 100 kg, a beard with gray hair, he looked very colorful. A typical Siberian, as he is described in Russian fairy tales and what is the general idea of ​​Siberians.

In the village of Oskoba, visiting the taiga hunter Volodya Bogdanov

Somewhat surprised, he replied: "But we don't have bread." Word by word, they started talking, and then they were invited to visit - "to drink some tea". His wife Zoya quickly set the table, treated him with soup, from which huge pieces of elk meat stuck out that did not fit on a plate. Of course, we drank - and not only tea with raspberry jam. And here pies with berries and mushrooms and buns have already arrived.

During a leisurely conversation, they learned: "earlier in Oskob, there were 140 inhabitants, and now 12 people live on this side of the street, and 5 on that side." There is no shop in the village, they bake their own bread. Vladimir, not without pride, began to show his farm. A large hall with a TV, a stuffed eagle with a wingspan of 130-150 cm soars under the ceiling, huge pike heads on the wall: "I was almost up to my shoulder" and taimen: "I pulled 15-17 kilograms, maybe more." Bedroom with bear skins, wolverines and sable, squirrel, marten, ermine prepared for delivery. In the hallway there is a fresh, not yet cured skin of a large bear. Vladimir carved from a paw, as a gift, a bear claw 7-8 cm long. Now this souvenir has taken its rightful place in the home museum. All together, accompanied by 3 owners' likes, went to the boat. Zoya equipped a package for the journey, where, along with such scarce bread, she also put pies with berries, buns, fish, and a jar of jam.

Soon after vil. Oskoba there was a small but significant event for us. On the shore they saw a navigation column, on which there were figures pleasing to the eye and soul - 1,000 km. Already covered more than 850 km. and the column clearly indicated how much we had left to sail to the Yenisei. There's nothing to be done - "Siberian sizer".

Only 1000 km left to the Yenisei!

Bread

In the village of Miryuga (st. 895) they not only washed themselves in the bathhouse, rested, but also in the store - it is there and it was specially opened for us - they replenished supplies. They also gave us a rather large piece of elk tenderloin, about 3-4 kg, a bag of cucumbers, onions, parsley, dill, and radishes. Immediately below the village of Miryuga, the threshold was passed "dryly".

"North" - the future hunter

At one of the snacks, a boat came up with two Tungus fishermen. We talked, they called us to spend the night: "Come to us. They shot a capercaillie. Let's have a cup of tea." It was about noon, the day was clear, sunny, there was practically no wind - and we refused the invitation of the natives. Maybe another 30-40 km. swim. Photo session for memory - and go.

Aborigines of Podkamennaya Tunguska. Tungus or Evens. "Come to us. Let's have a cup of tea"

We stopped a little early in the evening. We cooked soup with elk, and the rest of the meat, so as not to be lost, was fried. They ate so much that it was difficult to breathe, but they still could not eat everything. For two or three days, snacks were mainly fried sausage with greens. One day we were overtaken by a wooden motorboat, heavily laden with expeditionary belongings. Three men from Krasnoyarsk carry out environmental monitoring of the river. In certain places - "sites" - they take samples of water, soil, leaves, grass. With them is a hunter-fisherman Nikolai Mikhailovich Ivanenkov from the regional center of Baykit, a former geologist, now they have "Uncle" - he is lucky on his "board", helps with bivouac and cooking. Stopped - conversations, questions. Learning that we were more than a crescent on the water, who was at the helm, Nikolai asked: "Do you have bread?" - "No! How do you know about bread?" Nikolai only grinned good-naturedly, and, without extra words, began to get a loaf of bread from a knapsack. Already he, a geologist and a taiga resident, is well aware of the real price of bread and friendly help. Bread in the uninhabited and sparsely populated areas is something like a password. On it, "walking" people recognize each other.

On July 29, on the 23rd day of rafting, we passed our 1,000 km along the Katanga River - Podkamennaya Tunguska - a trifle, but nice! In the evening they organized a small taiga banquet. On the "banquet oilcloth" - buckwheat porridge, fried sakhatina, cucumbers, onions, parsley, dill, radishes, and you never know what else can be found in a food backpack. In the taiga, they scored a cup of sour - that's what they call red currants in Siberia, sprinkled it with sugar - but this is a royal snack. And in the middle of the "table" are chopped slices of fresh BREAD. Lepota!

Banquet of the thousandth kilometer

For several days we constantly crossed paths with "our ecologists". Either they will overtake us: they still go under the motor, then we will them when they are busy taking samples. That's how easily we became friends - and Nikolai Mikhailovich invited me to visit him, to Baykit. We'll be there in about a week.

Once we saw houses, sheds, trees with talismans on the shore. It turned out to be an empty children's camp with solid log huts. And a Tungus camp was built nearby: plagues, horns, a storehouse, birch bark canoes, a totem tree with fluttering ribbons - everything has been lovingly restored and is in excellent condition. Apparently, the children resting here are introduced to the history of their fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers, so as not to forget their roots. We also hung our own ribbon so that the local spirits of Podkamennaya Tunguska would be favorable to us.

Here is our ribbon to the "spirits" of Stony Tunguska, so that they do not get angry with us

On July 31, we saw yellow leaves on birch trees. This is not autumn yet, but only its first heralds. The summer here is very short. Autumn is just around the corner, and she is walking with swift steps along Evenkia. In the afternoon we suddenly saw a large clearing in the taiga and a paved road. Near the shore of barges, floating cranes, and soon heard, and then saw powerful machines on the shore. In the middle of the deserted taiga - booths, beams, tractors, bulldozers, multi-ton dump trucks, drilling sites. It turned out that Sibneft's search parties were working here. Not in vain, it means that our ecologists are monitoring the entire territory of Podkamennaya Tunguska. A little later, near the village of Kuyumba, we also saw the Base of search engines "Sibneft" - the village of Slavyanka. Poles, lanterns, neat trailers-houses, each with a satellite dish, its own power plant, bakery, dining room. Civilization, however! Heavy fog in the morning. Visibility - 15-20 meters, but by ten the fog began to thin. After a late breakfast, the rafting continued. On the high bank they noticed a lonely hut standing. They came to inquire. We were met by a wiry, rather thin Siberian, with an open, inviting face, Anatoly Fedorovich Bodrov and his wife Tatyana Khristoforovna. They have been farming here for over 15 years. He is 72 years old, she is a little younger.

A well-groomed and tidy farmstead - its own electric motor, a tractor "Belarus", a warm flock for 6-7 cows, a chicken coop, a garden, geese, 5 dogs, outboard motors - and more than one. They laid it with my son Yuri and invited me to the table, on which hot donuts, pies with berries, milk, sour cream, cream, cottage cheese appeared. Talking with interest, they listened to the story that "in winter the temperature is over 40 - a common thing, it happens - even over 50", during the flood the water comes almost to the very house, "from the porch we get into the boat." “And five years ago, they kept three elks in their courtyard -“ almost tame ”-“ they gave them milk to drink.

While they were talking and drinking tea with jam, they came from the taiga with baskets: a man of 25-30 years old, a girl of 15-16 years old and Maksimka of 5-7 years old. Relatives came from Baykit to have a rest, went for mushrooms and berries. Before sailing, a photo and video session of all the inhabitants, and again we were given gifts. For two more days on vacation, they snacked on lard, pies with berries, donuts with sour cream - and with gratitude they remembered the large and friendly Bodrov family.

grandma next to grandpa

Together with the Bodrov family of Siberian farmers

Friends in Baykit

(Baikit - "good place" (Evenki))

Scars on the body of the taiga

Strange landslides, sometimes found on steep banks, have received their explanation. All Evenkia is located in the permafrost zone. On hot summer days, the soil warms up by 25-30 cm, and under it - ice rock. Sometimes the top layer, like on a sled, simply slides down the steep slopes along with the taiga. Such whitish, bare and lifeless areas stretch for 100-150 meters: the steeper the slope, the longer they are and gape like scars against a green background. They remind how easily vulnerable and defenseless a small cultural layer - humus, on which grasses, shrubs and trees grow. Therefore, any human intervention and traces of his activities remain here for many years.

On our planet Earth there is a unique taiga belt of Russia, which is located in the permafrost zone, and the Brazilian selva. These are the lungs of the globe. There are no enterprises, structures, complexes here yet. And on the Podkamennaya Tunguska, from its very sources to the confluence with the Yenisei, there is not even a single bridge! We should not only be proud, but also appreciate what we inherited from our great-grandfathers. But the taiga and, by the way, the forest-tundra are very vulnerable, and this must not be forgotten, otherwise what will we leave behind for our descendants?

The next day saw mowing. Baykit is still about 70 km away, but hay is being harvested here. Then they make something like a pontoon out of two boats and float the hay to Baikit, to feed the cattle in winter. On the evening of August 2, on the 34th day, we saw houses - and soon landed at the boat station of the Baikit district center. Opposite - column "545". The men began to ask who we were and where we were coming from. When they learned that they had already sailed more than 1,250 km on such a "frivolous boat" - they shook their heads. We phoned Nikolai Mikhailovich and soon he drove up to the shore in his UAZ. Leaving the boat and all the bivouac facilities on the shore, they took with them photo and video equipment, documents, personal belongings - and arrived at Nikolai Mikhailovich.

The regional center is the village of Baykit

We were given a whole apartment: "Sit down! My friend is on vacation, but I'll fix the bath for now." They just settled in, changed clothes, as they were invited to dinner. Here are the familiar ecologists from Krasnoyarsk: they still can't fly away because of the weather. Fried eggs, pies, salted cucumbers, tomatoes, tea with honey. Here the Bath warmed up. We took a steam bath for glory, having worked with birch brooms from the heart, washed ourselves. Then the Siberian feast and conversations continued. We slept for the first time in 34 days on beds, and even with sheets! Das is fantastic!

The next day was devoted to rest and acquaintance with the village of Baykit. The owners did not bother us - and we slept until 10 o'clock. When Lida, Nikolai's wife, and her friend Lyuda from Krasnoyarsk, who was visiting the Ivanenkovs, woke up, they called for breakfast. Nikolai, Lida, and Luda spent more than 20 years in geological parties and expeditions. They know firsthand the complexities and "charms" of camp life and the picturesque stories of eyewitnesses. And when Vova excitedly told how "for the sake of a joke, he took plumbing tape and we repaired the kayak with it," they only smiled diplomatically. Later, Nikolai drove us around the village for about two hours. The old-timer spoke in detail and fascinatingly about the people and history of Baykit, the difficult life in this taiga village, showed its sights, starting with the Komsomol-youth construction of the runway and ending with the current construction of the church. One of the "environmentalists" managed to fly away on a cargo plane, and the other two "greens" returned - "the weather is not flying."

In the evening, at a farewell dinner, Nikolai showed his entertaining and very soulful videos about hunting in the taiga, where he and Lida hunt the beast, Lida's winter fishing, harsh hunting everyday life in the winter hut in 45-50 degree frosts. Surprisingly warmly and cordially photographed the nature of his native land, the beauty of the Evenki winter. He also showed us the famous "Big Threshold", about which there are legends. He climbed it in the spring on a motor boat. The wife and niece walked along the shore and filmed the passage of the rapids by Nikolai on a video camera. Yeah! It was really "cool", as they say now. Impressive, to say the least! We also watched a unique video sketch of the ice drift on Podkamennaya. But, according to Nikolai, what he saw cannot fully give an idea of ​​the grandiose spectacle, it is difficult to describe it in words - you must see "live"! No wonder almost the entire Baykit every year is going to see this amazing power and beauty of the phenomenon.

This is how weavers with ilmka passed the Great Threshold of the Podkamennaya Tunguska - August 6, 1927.

The pictures were taken by the registrar N.V. Sushilin during the Circumpolar Census of 1926-1927

Along the Podkamennaya Tunguska, only 70-80 years ago, ships were dragged up by tow haulers. There used to be more people here. In the summer, the men went "to the strap" and muttered, in the winter they were engaged in fur trade. What it was like to drag loaded ships through the rapids "on a strap" is hard to imagine. Even now, modern motor ships cannot always cope with the pressure and swift current and the power of Podkamennaya. In some places, heavy-duty tractors are specially parked to help motor ships going up, sometimes even together: one pulls in front, the other pushes in the back - to overcome the threshold. No wonder the Podkamennaya Tunguska is considered the most difficult river in Russia for river transport. After the day, the Krasnoyarsk residents went to the airport to wait, maybe windows will appear and they will be able to fly away. And for us, any "weather is flying", they began to get ready for the road.

Goodbye Baikit! Thanks!

Nikolai Ivanenkov + Nikolai Kuznetsov

Warmly said goodbye to new friends, Nikolai and Lida. They gave a note to their acquaintances, to the village of Old Believers Kuchumdek, which is located 250 km below Baykit, after all the rapids. The Ivanenkovs were very worried about us, and at the Old Believers we could rest and give them news - that means we got there alive. They launched a kayak, loaded all their belongings, presents from the owners in the form of a photo album about Evenkia, honey, butter, pies and donuts, jam, fresh tomatoes and cucumbers.

This mysterious phenomenon of a global scale occurred on June 30, 1908 in an unusual place on the Earth - within the East Siberian magnetic anomaly. In the early morning of the last day of June, many people in the southern part of Central Siberia suddenly saw a fantastic sight in the sky. Something huge and luminous was flying across the sky, leaving behind a trail...
The flight was accompanied by powerful sound effects. At about 7:15 a.m., over the bank of the Podkamennaya Tunguska, the right tributary of the Yenisei, the dazzling ball turned into a pillar of fire.

After a series of dazzlingly bright flashes, a powerful explosion struck, throwing the flame up to a height of 20 kilometers, and a giant black mushroom-shaped cloud formed around it. The ground shook under the people's feet. The roar and roar shook the whole neighborhood. In the deserted Siberian taiga, as it was later established, the entire forest fell overnight on an area of ​​​​about 2200 square kilometers. Trees fell down like mowed down trees. Tree trunks were not just broken, but literally split, and closer to the center of the explosion they instantly burned down, and only charred stumps stuck out of the ground. The sound of an explosion in the air was heard 1200 km away.
Crazed animals rushed about the taiga. Glass and frames flew out in the houses. A powerful shaft drove water in the rivers. Forest fires blazed. The ground shook more than 100 km from the explosion area. At 65 kilometers from the epicenter of the explosion, the temperature was so high that people tore off their clothes; they thought it was on fire.
Echoes of the Siberian earthquake, which arose from the explosion, were recorded in Irkutsk and Tashkent, Slutsk and Tiflis, in the city of Jena in Germany.
The air wave from the explosion, like the wave from the eruption of the Indonesian volcano Krakatoa in 1883, circled the globe twice and was recorded in Copenhagen and Zagreb, Potsdam and London, Jakarta and Washington.
A few minutes after the explosion, a disturbance of the Earth's magnetic field began and lasted about four hours. The magnetic storm, judging by the descriptions, was very similar to the geomagnetic disturbances that were observed after explosions in the earth's atmosphere of nuclear devices.
Strange phenomena occurred all over the world within a few days after the mysterious explosion in the taiga. On the night of June 30 to July 1, more than 150 locations Western Siberia, Central Asia, the European part of Russia and Western Europe, the night practically did not fall: luminous clouds were clearly observed in the sky at an altitude of about 80 km.
Subsequently, the intensity of the “bright nights of the summer of 1908” subsided sharply, and by July 4, the cosmic fireworks had basically ended. However, various light phenomena in the earth's atmosphere were recorded until the 20th of July.

Another fact that was noticed two weeks after the explosion on June 30, 1908. At the actinometric station in California (USA), a sharp clouding of the atmosphere and a significant decrease in solar radiation were noted. It was comparable to what happens after major volcanic eruptions.
Meanwhile, this year, as newspapers and magazines reported, abounded in other no less impressive and strange, both "heavenly" and completely "earthly" events.
So, for example, in the spring of 1908. there were unusual floods of rivers and heavy snowfall (in late May) in Switzerland, and thick dust was observed over the Atlantic Ocean. In the press of that time, reports regularly appeared about comets that were visible from the territory of Russia, about several earthquakes, mysterious phenomena and emergencies caused by unknown reasons.
Let us dwell in particular on one interesting optical phenomenon, which was observed over Brest on February 22. In the morning, when the weather was clear, a bright bright spot appeared on the northeastern side of the sky above the horizon, quickly taking on a V-shape. It moved noticeably from east to north. Its brilliance, at first very bright, decreased, and its dimensions increased. After half an hour, the visibility of the spot became very small, and after another hour and a half it disappeared completely. The length of both its branches was enormous.
And yet the most unexpected events and phenomena immediately preceded the catastrophe...
Northern lights were observed on the middle Volga on June 17-19.

Since June 21, 1908, i.e. nine days before the catastrophe, in many places in Europe and Western Siberia, the sky was full of bright colored dawns.
On June 23-24, purple dawns spread over the environs of Yuryev (Tartu) and some other places on the Baltic coast in the evening and at night, reminiscent of those that were observed a quarter of a century earlier after the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano.
White nights ceased to be the monopoly of the northerners. Long, silvery clouds stretched from east to west shone brightly in the sky. Since June 27, the number of such sightings has rapidly increased everywhere. There were frequent appearances of bright meteors. In nature, tension was felt, the approach of something unusual ...
It should be noted that in the spring, summer and autumn of 1908, as noted later by the researchers of the Tunguska meteorite, a sharp increase in fireball activity was recorded. There were several times more reports of fireball sightings in newspaper publications that year than in previous years. Bright fireballs were seen in England and the European part of Russia, in the Baltic States and Central Asia, Siberia and China.
At the end of June 1908 on Katonga - the local name of Podkamennaya Tunguska - an expedition of a member of the Geographical Society A. Makarenko worked. I managed to find his brief report on the work. It reported that the expedition surveyed the coast of Katonga, measured its depths, fairways, etc., however, there is no mention of unusual phenomena in the report ... And this is one of the biggest secrets of the Tunguska disaster. How could the light phenomena and the terrible roar that accompanied the fall of such a gigantic cosmic body go unnoticed by the Makarenko expedition?
Few people know that on that distant and terrible morning only a miracle saved St. Petersburg! The explosion occurred at 7 am, and if an unknown space guest had come to our sinful earth by 11 am, Petersburg would have turned up for him, and it would hardly have been revived after that ...
“At 7.43 in the morning a noise was heard, as if from a strong wind,” an eyewitness wrote in the Krasnoyarets newspaper on July 13, 1908. “Immediately behind this there was a terrible blow, and then for several minutes, exactly the same artillery fire was heard! At short intervals, 50-60 blows followed.
According to the recollections of another eyewitness, a local resident, S.B. Semenov, on the morning of June 30, 1908, the sky “split in two and a fire appeared in it wide and high above the forest, covering the entire northern part of the sky.” At that moment, Semyonov became so hot that he wanted to rip off his shirt. But the sky “slammed shut” and there was a strong blow!
And P.P. Kosolapov, Semenov’s neighbor, “sat down to the ground, grabbed his head with both hands (his ears were badly burned!) and ran into the hut!”

K.V. Barakova, who lived in the village of Kondrashino on the Lena, 490 kilometers from the epicenter of the explosion, said: “I saw a green barrel flying - narrower at the edges, thicker in the middle, which fell behind the Tsimbala cliff on the other side of the river. Then a straight arrow with multi-colored "ribbons" rose from there and smoke went out. It rumbled so that the horses fell to their knees.
Local resident S. Kulesh wrote in the Irkutsk newspaper Siberia for July 2, 1908: “That morning, at the beginning of nine in the north-west, some highly luminous body appeared quite high above the horizon. It began to move from top to bottom and formed a kind of "pipe".
Approaching the ground, the shiny body seemed to blur, and black smoke went out! At the same time, a deafening thud began, as if from large falling stones. The earth trembled, and all the inhabitants of the village ran out into the street in panic fear. The women were crying and shouting about the end of the world.”
About 60 eyewitnesses unanimously said that “fire flew across the sky”, which then “burned the forest”, “broke down the taiga” and “finished deer” ...
The observer of the meteorological station in Kirensk, G.K. Kulesh, did not see the passage of the "meteorite", but he heard everything. Here is what he said: “On June 17 (according to the old style), an unusual phenomenon was observed in the north-west of Kirensk, which lasted from approximately 7.15 to 8 o’clock in the morning. I did not have to observe it, since after recording the meteorological instruments I sat down to work. I heard muffled sounds, but mistook them for volleys of rifle shots on a military field across the Kirenga River. Having finished the work, I looked at the barograph tape and, to my surprise, noticed a line next to the line made at 7 o'clock in the morning. This surprised me, because during the continuation of the work I did not get up, the whole family was sleeping, and no one entered the room.
The carrier, a former soldier, counted 14 hits. According to the duty of his service, he was on the shore and saw and observed the whole phenomenon from beginning to end.
The pillar of fire was visible to many, but the blows were heard by many more people. There were peasants in the city from the village of Korelina, which lies 20 versts from Kirensk on the nearest Tunguska; they reported that they had a strong shaking of the ground, so that windows were broken in the houses.
Probably a very large meteorite fell, because in perfectly clear sunny weather a cloud was visible white color, further stained in a dark color; blows were heard; there was a shaking of the ground; the line on the barograph tape is proof of this.

The contractor Yashin lived next to the gymnasium: he was in the yard when the board leaning against the fence fell, although it was completely quiet in the yard.
According to the story of one inhabitant of the city of Kirensk, he was swung towards the chest, as if from a strong wind ...
In the archives of the former Irkutsk Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory, it was possible to find records of the observer of the meteorological station on Kezhma, A.K. Kokorin. In the observation log for June 1908, in the "Notes" section, an extremely cryptic entry was found. It testifies that at that time there was more than one body in the air ...
“At 7 o'clock in the morning two huge fire circles appeared in the north; after 4 min. from the beginning of the appearance, the circles disappeared; shortly after the disappearance of the fiery circles, a strong noise was heard, similar to the noise of the wind, which went from north to south; the noise continued for about 5 minutes. Then followed the sounds and crackling, like shots from huge guns, from which the frames trembled. These shots lasted 2 minutes, and after them a crack was heard, similar to a shot from a gun. These last lasted 2 minutes. Everything that happened was in a clear light.
Another amazing phenomenon noticed by some witnesses is that the sounds of explosions reached them from different directions. Here is what N. Ponomarev from Nizhne-Ilimsk said: “My father and two brothers were fishing six versts from Nizhne-Ilimsk and distinctly heard how before a strong blow there were two thunder strikes, not so strong, but after the impact of less strong blows a lot was heard, up to 100, and in different places in three directions. One of the brothers, who was at war, compares the incident with the moment when the enemy fire opens and large military guns rumble ... "

According to the official version, it was an asteroid impact, in which the celestial body exploded in the atmosphere before reaching the Earth's surface. Even later, they talked about the detonation of several fireballs, the explosion of an aerolite, an unusual earthquake, the eruption of a paleovolcano ...
Since 1927, meteorite fragments have been searched in the Podkamennaya Tunguska area. Then a version of the transformation of the meteorite into jets of fragments and gas was born.
In 1929, researchers decided that a meteorite flying tangentially was to blame.
Further bare facts, the Tunguska explosion is:
1930 - the explosion of a cometary nucleus.
1932 - Earth collided with a compact cloud space dust.
1934 comet tail impact.
1945 - nuclear explosion space ship.
1946 - the disaster of a ship from Mars.
1947 - annihilation of a meteorite from antimatter.
1958 - a meteorite made of ice.
1959 - the fall of a fragment of the core of the planet Phaeton.
1960 - a detonation explosion of a cloud of midges with a volume of more than 5 cubic meters. km.
1961 flying saucer disintegration
1962 - electrical breakdown of the ionosphere caused by a meteor to the ground.
1963 - an electrostatic discharge of a meteorite that destroyed the taiga.
1964 - a laser beam from space.
1965 - the invasion of the Earth by a ship with Bigfoot on board.
1966 - the fall of the super-dense piece white dwarf.
1967 - swamp gas explosion when struck by lightning.
1968 - water dissociation and explosive gas explosion.
1969 - the fall of a comet from antimatter ...
Etc…
More than a hundred hypotheses have been proposed for the cause of this unprecedented event (some can be seen here), including the nuclear hypothesis. This “crazy” idea was put forward by science fiction writer Alexander Kazantsev, and it was scientifically substantiated in the 60s by geophysicist Alexei Vasilyevich Zolotev (who died, to the great grief of all who knew him, at the hands of a bandit in Tver on October 9, 1995).
But none of the proposed hypotheses stand the test of facts. Scientists note three main unresolved paradoxes of the Tunguska phenomenon.

The first is a sharp discrepancy between the direction of the flying body, indicated by the position of the fallen trees, and the testimony of many eyewitnesses who observed the event from a great distance. In an attempt to resolve the contradiction, the Moscow astronomer and patriarch of Russian Ufology, Felix Yuryevich Siegel, suggested a TURN of the celestial body before the explosion, which would undoubtedly testify to its controllability.

The second paradox lies in the fruitless search for fragments of meteorite material, although the mass of the meteorite (if it was really a meteorite!) Was hundreds of thousands of tons. Where, after all, did the substance that carried such an incredible charge of energy go? According to calculations, it should be thousands of tons. At the site of the explosion, only insignificant traces of cosmic dust were found, which are very common for the entire surface of the Earth.

Still undefeated supporters of the meteorite hypothesis now say that fragments of a celestial body could have scattered much farther from the explosion site than previously thought. For example, they could be sucked in by a vacuum tunnel pierced in the atmosphere by a fast-flying giant, and then the fragmentation rain would have to fall somewhere in the Irkutsk region.
Other researchers quite convincingly prove that an explosion like the Tunguska one could not be associated with the kinetic energy of a flying object, be it a meteorite or a comet. Energy could only be internal, that is, nuclear or chemical. But the radiation background at the crash site, if increased, is extremely insignificant. There is also no chemical contamination.
The third inexplicable fact is the strongest glow of the night sky, as mentioned above.
Recently, new inconsistencies have come to light. Cases of genetic changes in trees, acceleration of plant growth, ambiguity with radioactivity in the epicenter of the explosion were registered, and at the same time, a change in the properties of rocks similar to that caused by radiation was found.
In addition, the so-called geomagnetic effect of the Tunguska explosion, "related" to a similar effect from air nuclear explosions. Cases of a rare genetic anomaly among local residents, which goes back genealogically to people born in 1908, pour water on the same “nuclear” mill!
And, finally, the last incident: the group of Academician Kirill Yakovlevich Kondratiev established the former (at the beginning of the century) depletion of the ozone layer over the Tunguska taiga, and the explosion on June 30, 1908 completely restored this layer! Neither give nor take, "ambulance" from space!

According to data published long before 1917, it was not a scientist, not a physicist or botanist, not a geologist or astronomer, but a daring adventurer and treasure seeker, a certain Mr. Suzdalev, who worked as a blacksmith in one of the local villages. According to the stories of old-timers, Suzdalev alone went to the taiga and managed to find unprecedented and extraordinary treasures at the site of the explosion. He ordered the natives and Russian acquaintances not to talk about this, and they obediently kept silent for a long time, fearing physical reprisal from the possessor. great strength and the cool disposition of a blacksmith. Only ten years after Suzdalev's campaign in the taiga, which took place in 1910, did they report the details.
All attempts made by the Cheka-OGPU to find and detain the blacksmith were unsuccessful. Perhaps the campaign of Suzdalev is just a beautiful myth, born of the imagination of people intrigued by the Tunguska mystery, a myth that reflects the eternal dream of untold riches. Or maybe not - no one knows.
In fact, the first scientific expedition to the area of ​​​​the mysterious explosion was the geological party headed by Leonid Kulik, who went to Tunguska in 1927.

Expedition 1927 established the radial nature of the fall of the forest, undoubtedly owing its origin to a powerful explosion.
Witnesses spoke very willingly about the mysterious incident and told absolutely incredible things to the members of the expedition.
Allegedly, after the explosion, large fireballs and tall double pillars of an amazing, clearly unearthly origin of flame were clearly visible in the sky - they differed from everything previously seen by people in a strange color and amazing brightness. They also talked about frequent flashes of unbearably bright light that appeared in the sky from different directions.
It is significant that many eyewitnesses unanimously stated: on the eve of June 30, at night, the sky was so bright that one could freely read the newspaper. It is also inexplicable and mysterious that there is no crater on the site of a gigantic explosion. Or at least some funnel - not one of the many expeditions was able to find them, no matter how diligently they searched.
But in that mysterious area there are twelve completely mysterious, deep conical holes in the soil, going into the ground to a very great depth. Their origin is completely inexplicable even for modern science, which most often prefers not to touch this topic at all and act on the principle: this is no longer interesting, because only the lazy did not write about the “Tunguska phenomenon”. Everything has already been said. True, a lot has also been written about Atlantis, but who can say that its secret is open?
In 1925, A. V. Voznesensky, director of the Irkutsk meteorological observatory, after analyzing the records of many Siberian meteorological stations, came to the conclusion that the Tunguska meteorite exploded at an altitude of 20 km above the earth. This conclusion was ignored. In 1928, Kulik's expedition set out for the second time to the crash site. Its main goal was to search for fragments of a meteorite, which did not bring results. The third expedition ended unsuccessfully in 1930.
Here is how V. A. Sytin, who first got there with Kulik’s second expedition, describes the epicenter of the disaster: “... The picture struck me. Imagine gently sloping conical mountains surrounding such a circus a vast swampy valley - its diameter was 30-40 km. All these hills are bare, they are covered with dead fallen forest. Moreover, the trees were felled in a radial direction, the fall was radial, as if the trees were being felled by something located in the center of the valley.
It was difficult to walk along this logging site: in a few hours it was possible to walk only a few kilometers, no more. Were exhausted. And not only physically.
This country of the dead forest gave the impression of lifelessness. There were no people, no animals, no birds. The Evenks left immediately after the explosion and never returned: they believed that the “god of thunder” descended here and now it is a “bad place”. There were really very few birds: during the entire expedition I came across only one brood of capercaillie, it helped us solve the food problem. And there were no small birds either, and no animals - no chipmunks, no squirrels, no one. But the surrounding areas of the taiga are literally teeming with life.
Yes, and there was little living vegetation - so, a little greenery in some streams. And around the swamp. You walk along it, and it sways under your feet, you are about to fail. Be sure to go with a long pole. In some places in the swamp there are rounded and oval depressions. Kulik was sure that these were meteorite craters. But we did not find any remains of the fallen body in these depressions. Neither in them, nor in the forest ... ".
I wonder what scared the taiga living creatures away from these places - maybe it was exactly what shone at night in the karst pits? Only it wasn't radiation...
In the book by E. Krinov “The Tunguska Meteorite”, the place of impact is described as follows: “... Already at a distance of only a few kilometers, significant areas of untouched forest have been preserved, representing, as it were, islands in a continuous fall and dead wood. The safety of these groves is not always clear, since often there are no obstacles for the propagation of the blast wave around them. Moreover, sometimes near areas of growing forest on flat areas there is a continuous deadwood, oriented to a hollow located, and a distance of 5-8 km to the northeast. The impression is created that the blast wave acted far from evenly around the place where the meteorite fell and that not only the terrain had a protective effect. It can be concluded that the blast wave had a “radiant” character and, as it were, “snatched out” individual sections of the forest, where it produced its fall and other destruction.
The Great Patriotic War suspended the study of the explosion area. Kulik volunteered for the people's militia, was wounded and taken prisoner. On April 14, 1942, he died in a German concentration camp from typhus.
After the war, there was no one to continue Kulik's work. And it would again be forgotten for a long time, but an amazing thing happened!
The science fiction writer Alexander Petrovich Kazantsev drew attention to a strange analogy: the photographs of Hiroshima taken after the atomic bombing show the complete destruction of city buildings, except for the buildings standing at the epicenter, where the shock wave from the bomb explosion came from above! Here they stood undestroyed! In the same way, in the Tunguska taiga, a forest remained standing in the center of a continuous felling!
And the writer came up with an idea for a fantastic story based on a version about an explosion over the taiga of an alien spaceship with a nuclear engine. By this, the writer anticipated the subsequently proven fact of the explosion of the Tunguska body above the ground, and not on the ground, as many believed.
The story of A.P. Kazantsev called "Explosion" was published in the January issue of the magazine "Vokrug sveta" for 1946 and caused a fierce controversy in society, thereby prompting hundreds of romantics to take active action...

But truly scientific expeditions resumed only at the end of the 50s, that is, almost two decades after Kulik! Again, the same sacramental 20 years that the mutilated taiga stood before the arrival of Kulik ...
Fortunately, quite numerous eyewitness accounts of the incredible explosion have been preserved. Acquaintance with them even today causes emotional excitement and awe before the formidable elements, alas, not understood by people. Without any exaggeration, we can say that in the summer of 1908 a real "rehearsal" of the end of the world took place ...
Kyiv candidate of science Kravets, a specialist in the field of spacecraft, recognized the versions of A. Kazantsev, but without the catastrophe of an interplanetary ship. Moreover, he investigated the theoretical question raised in 1969 by astronomer F. Siegel about two different flight paths of a body over the taiga observed by witnesses, which did not fit into the meteorite and comet versions accepted for development.
The Ukrainian scientist, based on calculations and comparison with the observations of witnesses of that event recorded in the expeditions, explained that this is exactly how a spacecraft of the “flying saucer” type with nuclear engines would behave to ensure horizontal, vertical flights and maneuvering in conditions of a dense earth’s atmosphere and gravity, transferring at an altitude of 5-7 km its horizontal flight into vertical take-off without landing on the ground. People from the ground noted not an explosion, but an explosive reaction of a powerful nuclear engine turned on to launch into space. The device did not collapse, therefore there are no traces of its remains, and almost instantly disappeared in flight. The consequences of the maneuver and launch were reflected in the atmosphere and in the taiga.
Quite recently, the most powerful Ukrainian-French expedition in terms of scientific potential with the participation of Russian scientists from Tomsk worked. Geologists and biologists, cosmochemists and radiologists, physicists and physicians were headed by Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine E.V. Sobotovich. Numerous and varied samples of soil, water, flora, and fauna were studied in Kyiv, Tomsk, and France. As a result, the meteorite version of the phenomenon was unambiguously rejected. The French were convinced by the results of research that they were not involved in the phenomenon of comets: there is no iridium and other rare earth elements inherent in cometary bodies or products of their explosions when entering the earth's atmosphere.
For the first time, scientists from three countries agreed on an unusually high and ubiquitous background of radioactivity throughout the patch of territory, which experienced an explosive effect of an unknown nature. A significant content of radioactive elements cesium-137 and heavy carbon C-14, which are synthetic products, and not of a natural cosmic nature, and characteristic of nuclear explosions, was revealed.
Australian scientist Robert Foote from the University of Melbourne insists on his own, rather extravagant explanation of the Tunguska riddle. Over the Siberian taiga, according to Foote, it was not an ordinary asteroid that exploded, but an object consisting of the so-called mirror matter. He is sure that his decision is correct. IN scientific journal New Scientist Robert Foote described the catastrophe that occurred over the Tunguska River in his own way. In his opinion, a giant celestial body made of mirror (or dark) matter entered the atmosphere. At the same time, ordinary atoms violently collided with mirror ones and heated the air to such an extent that a celestial body made of mirror matter exploded, and a powerful shock wave swept over Tunguska. This explosion did not leave any traces on the soil explaining the origin of the celestial body.
Many physicists, like the Australian Foote, are of the opinion that mirror matter is necessary to maintain mirror symmetry in the universe. All planets, stars, galaxies and even living beings must have twins in the mirror-material world.
The object, which visible universe is located, say, at 70 ° north latitude and 45 ° west longitude and for which time flows forward - from the past to the future, in the mirror world there corresponds an object at 70 ° south latitude and 45 ° east longitude, and time goes back there, into the past .
If Foote's theory is correct, thousands of tons of this same mirror matter are buried in the earth's soil, but no one even tried to look for it. The fact is that, in addition to the law of universal gravitation, other physical laws operate for mirror matter, which are absent in the world accessible to us.
Recent experiments by physicists have shown that mirror electrons and protons have electric charges that are millionths of the charges of normal particles.
Foot's hypothesis does not bode well for mankind: if he is right, a catastrophe similar to the Tunguska, or even worse, can happen at any moment! After all, a "mirror object" is able to land in a large city or a densely populated region, and then the consequences will be incomparably more tragic. Astronomers calculate the orbits of ordinary asteroids quite accurately, and in the foreseeable future they can be knocked off trajectories dangerous for the Earth by directed explosions. space rockets. Similar objects made of mirror matter can take us by surprise, and humanity, in the worst case scenario, can simply disappear from the face of the Earth.
Recently, it has become fashionable to “explore” the Tunguska mystery with the help of “channeling” - in Russian, contacting. Many clairvoyants and soothsayers, psychics and contactees from around the world are constantly reporting new information about the mystery of the explosion that thundered in the Tunguska area. Allegedly, this information, which sheds some light on the mystery, was obtained by them when communicating with extraterrestrial intelligence or as a result of contact with representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations.
According to one of the contactees, the terrifying explosion in the taiga is nothing more than a catastrophe of an unimaginably huge unique spaceship that tried to pierce time like a needle and, unfortunately, got lost in Chronos. He got from the distant future into the deep past and died tragically along with all his numerous crew.
In 1996, a female contactee from Russia reported: the secret of the Tunguska phenomenon lies in the crash of an interplanetary ship that arrived to Earth from the Alpha Centauri star system. The ship exploded while still in near-Earth orbit, and representatives of aliens, through a contactee, turned to earthlings with a ban on studying the crash site. Why they showed such activity or concern is unknown.
Another contactee from Russia - Zelenin - even published a book devoted entirely to the Tunguska riddle. In his opinion, formed on the basis of data obtained during contacts from "extraterrestrial intelligence" and "informants" from other stellar worlds, the solution to a long-standing mystery should be sought in the area of ​​​​the taiga river Chun, where there is a zone of strong anomalous phenomena. Allegedly, it is there that you can find individual parts of an alien ship that died in 1908. However, not a single scientific expedition has ever worked in that zone, which had the task of finding material traces of the Tunguska phenomenon, although anomalous phenomena repeatedly recorded by scientists. By the way, a number of contactees claim that engine parts of an interstellar ship are hidden deep in the earth. But all these riddles have not yet found any solution, and in recent years there have been no expeditions in the Tunguska region.
There are many people in the world who claim that they either were pilots of the starship that died in Siberia in 1908, or were a direct witness to it, or that they are the son or daughter of the captain of the stellar messenger.
In 1990, such a “son of a pilot” appeared - Evenk Nikolaev, an interview with which was published by Khabarovsk newspapers. He showed a family heirloom - a piece of strange corrugated metal, light and strong - a piece, according to him, belonged to "daddy's ship." However, the analysis showed that the corrugated sample was similar in composition to chain-aluminum, and in appearance suspiciously resembled a piece of skin of a large DB-3 bomber designed by Tupolev, which could well have ended up in Siberia, since it was produced in a civilian version in the northern version ...
If we sum up all the known contenders, then the list of the almost legendary crew of the Tunguska ship can be considered almost complete:
1) "First pilot" - later the American D. Schuman. Arrived on Earth from the constellation Centaurus, since he did not like the place of the disaster in Siberia, he urgently teleported to the USA. He announced his mission after 1954, i.e. after Kazantsev's UFO hypothesis. For his lectures on the tragedy of the Tunguska ship, Schumann received good fees, which, in the end, interested the tax service. It turned out that the "star pilot" was actually born in 1912 (4 years after the explosion) and he ended up in prison for tax evasion and outright fraud. Schumann's lawyer, as an extenuating circumstance, suggested that the defendant be recognized as mentally ill.
2) "Co-pilot" - Frenchman Alan Rocard (born in 1914) traveled around Italy and Algeria with a story about a terrible catastrophe in which he was the only survivor. At home in France, he preferred not to talk about the secrets of his origin. Alas, having survived the Tunguska explosion, he did not survive the usual street riots in Muslim Algeria and died in 1956 at the age of 42 ...
3) "Third pilot" - the Brazilian Indian Zenzyu, who in 1989 announced that he had flown on a Tunguska ship from the planet Troak. Claimed that Troak is in the 42nd dimension, while the Earth moves from the 5th to the 6th dimension. He also revealed the terrible secret of the device of a secret flying saucer that crashed in Siberia: “The ship is piloted by 11 crystal pipes, each crystal has 64 corners. Light, being by nature the sweat of microwave particles, can be manipulated by being refracted or rectified. If you straighten it a little, it becomes like a laser ... "However, Zenzyu soon completely unexpectedly disappeared without a trace, and it turned out to be impossible to trace his fate either for journalists or for the police - it is as mysterious and enigmatic as the fate of Tungussky himself. meteorite.
4) "Fourth pilot" - the only woman among all the participants in the landing of the Tunguska crew. It's a pity, but she was also actually born much later than the catastrophe happened...
The list of the Tunguska crew is known, the only embarrassing thing is that the small crew never knew about each other and every time they name a completely different "scenario" of the explosion, the purpose of the landing, the starting point and even the end point of their expedition ...

There is another hypothesis. It is associated with the name of the great scientist Nikola Tesla.
It is possible that out of desperation due to the termination of funding for his experiments and in order to obtain a sensational success for its continuation, in June 1908 Tesla decided on a serious experiment to transfer large energy to some sparsely populated place on the Earth in order to check his calculations. Maybe the place near Podkamennaya Tunguska was chosen intentionally, maybe it turned out to be accidental, and the energy was transferred to the Arctic regions (Long Island, North Pole and the site of the Tunguska explosion lie on the same arc of the great circle).
What could have happened? It is known that the upper layers of the atmosphere (ionosphere) are a conductor of electricity due to the high concentration of electrons and positive ions. At the same time, there is a significant potential gradient in the lower layers of the atmosphere, which have the properties of a dielectric, reaching hundreds of volts per meter, and sometimes more. Simple calculations show that the positive potential of the ionosphere relative to the Earth should be tens of megavolts.
The discharge of a spherical capacitor ionosphere - Earth under these conditions releases energy, quite comparable with the energy of the Tunguska explosion. But under normal conditions, the electrical strength of the lower layers of the ionosphere is almost three orders of magnitude higher, and such a “breakdown” of the ionosphere to the Earth is impossible.
However, a breakdown can also be initiated by creating suitable conditions, i.e. by imposing an additional variable on the static field between the Earth and its ionosphere.
It is possible that Tesla could excite a spherical cavity resonator formed by the Earth-ionosphere gap in such a way that in some place the total field strength became sufficient to ionize the air, and then the process went like an avalanche, leading to a breakdown and a giant electric explosion.

The phenomenon of the Tunguska meteorite, the history of which has been measured for several decades, is undoubtedly one of the most exciting mysteries of nature, the key to solving which has not yet been found.

The vast factual material accumulated in recent years leaves no doubt about the complexity and non-triviality of this phenomenon, which can be called a "meteorite fall" only because of historical traditions. The scale of the event, the variety of effects generated by it, their obvious irreducibility to traditional meteoretic notions, the presence of a number of paradoxes reflecting its striking originality, has generated and continues to generate ongoing attempts to explain it from non-trivial positions.

The book presented to the attention of the reader is written in this vein. It is debatable and this is its main advantage - for, even if the main positions of the authors are controversial, the concept developed by them can rightfully serve as the basis for a broad discussion of the nature of the Tunguska phenomenon.

The undoubted merit of the authors is an in-depth analysis of the entire array of testimonies relating to the Tunguska fall. To the reader, unfamiliar with the long history of the study of this phenomenon, rich in unexpected twists, a statement of this kind may seem hyperbole. Meanwhile, this is completely true: the researchers of the Tunguska problem have so far operated, as a rule, with separate groups of indications to one degree or another corresponding to their personal ideas, without focusing their attention on numerous contradictions that reflect the objectively existing situation. The conclusion of the authors that the published testimonies relate not to one, but to at least two space objects is quite reasonable and convincing, although the conclusions they draw on this basis are not indisputable.

The main idea of ​​the book about the plasma nature of the Tunguska meteorite will probably cause a lot of criticism. The very existence of solar system such formations have not yet been proven, although one can hardly deny it a priori. The possibility of their deep penetration into the atmosphere of planets is also problematic, taking into account the cosmic velocity of plasmoids postulated by the authors. At the same time, one cannot ignore the fact that the hypothesis proposed by the authors removes a number of paradoxes that have not been explained so far, including the paradox of the absence of cosmic matter in the area where the Tunguska cosmic body fell, which could be confidently identified with the remains of an exploded meteorite.

Regardless of the acceptance or rejection of the main assumptions set forth in the monograph, it seems understandable to attempt to revise the existing ideas about the geomagnetic effect caused by the Tunguska catastrophe. The considerations presented by the authors cast doubt on the view that has taken root in the literature, according to which this geophysical effect is explained by the arrival of a shock wave in the ionosphere. Although the alternative mechanism proposed by them is not indisputable, since it is closed to the idea of ​​the plasma nature of the "meteorite", such a revision can independently play an important role in the further development of the theory of the Tunguska meteorite, because the geomagnetic effect certainly conceals information about the nature of cosmic summer events of fundamental importance. 1908

Scientific monographs devoted to a particular problem can be turned into its past, summing up the results of the next stage of scientific research, and into its future, outlining the paths for further work, sometimes dotted, not always indisputable, but certainly requiring reflection. That is how we view this book. Its release means the beginning of the next round of scientific discussion, and, consequently, a new step forward on the path to understanding the nature of the Tunguska phenomenon - a phenomenon whose fundamental significance is far from being fully appreciated by modern science of the Cosmos and the Earth.

Introduction

The unusualness, scale and complexity of the Tunguska phenomenon expanded the area of ​​its study from the episode of a local explosion through the global geophysical reaction of the Earth to solar-terrestrial relationships. That is why it was necessary in this work to resort to sections on geomagnetism and solar-terrestrial relationships. This is all the more useful since the issues of geoeffectiveness of the Tunguska phenomenon are directly related to seismic, baric and electromagnetic processes.

The presentation of a variety of material, by necessity, is multi-level - from a general analysis of the factual information of eyewitnesses, special issues of the geophysical portrait of the Earth, new materials on solar-terrestrial relations, to physical questions of the origin and existence of plasmoids. To avoid the presentation of "literal truths" and the analytical complexity of some issues requiring complexation scientific directions, the authors chose the non-formalized level of presentation of the problem as the main one. Formulas are given only where they work as necessary arguments, or are an illustration of the computational capabilities of the model being developed.

Modern research, developing in the direction of discovering regional, planetary relationships between the Earth and the Sun, has grown significantly and deepened. Despite the relatively short period of its development, solar-terrestrial physics uses a very wide range of research and technical developments in terrestrial and space (or rather, close-space) execution. New theoretical directions are emerging, significant assumptions, hypotheses and even technical projects are being expressed. It is characteristic that the influx of information in this direction modifies the existing general picture of the solar system. The flow of unexpected information coming from stationary orbits and probes is supplemented by unearthly research and experiments.

The presentation of the hypothesis about the solar origin of the main point of the Tunguska phenomenon, where appropriate, will correspond to the terminological list presented in this paper. It should be emphasized that the results of many years of various studies have only extended the list of issues to be addressed.

Not to mention the problem as a whole, the questions of the exact value of the TNT equivalent, the fraction of light energy, turned out to be unspecified, or unclear in general; electrical disturbances of the Northern Hemisphere and a local fast-flowing magnetic storm; the amount of the substance; heights of the beginning of energy release; intensity and geometry thermal radiation; trajectories; seismic disturbance details; optical harbingers of an explosion; weather anomalies on the day of the explosion, previous and subsequent changes in the biosphere, etc.

It is obvious that the list of questions itself brings the problem to an area that is far from the capabilities of meteor-bolide models. That is why we consider it appropriate to analyze this phenomenon by resorting to a number of new assumptions and, above all, to the assumption that there is a new class of cosmic bodies in the solar system. Indirect and partially direct information underlying this assumption is available. However, actual data on the structure, composition, energy-information significance of such formations in the process of solar-terrestrial relationships still require their accumulation and interpretation.

We have no reason to reject the colorful and large-scale picture of the development of the Tunguska phenomenon in time and space, drawn by eyewitnesses. Moreover, a number of reports of that time, together with new data on the registration of unusual phenomena in the atmosphere and near space, were taken into account by us when constructing a hypothesis. The transition from hypotheses within the framework of meteoritics to a hypothesis of a heliogeophysical nature, in our opinion, contributes to the removal of the problem from theoretical and research uncertainty.

As the quantity and variety of initial data were expanded, as well as the main ideas and assumptions about the nature of the Tunguska phenomenon were taken into account, a need arose for some critical remarks and clarifications. Excessive emancipation from specific facts, even in the latest publications, allows for very simplified interpretations of the problem. So, for example, E.R. Michaels expresses (IMPACT, No. 3, 1983, p. 116) the following: “However, we have every reason to assert ...: the Tunguska meteorite that fell in Siberia in 1908, presumably weighed 1 million tons, and the rock volume , soil and water that were thrown out as a result of its fall, 400 times the mass of the meteorite itself. This excerpt is a kind of sum of impressions and psychological reactions to the phenomenon under study. Such statements are not isolated, however, in order to avoid polemical whirlpools, we rejected the proposal to impose a logical structure on the epistolary heritage of the Tunguska meteorite. Apparently, this work may turn out to be useful and even inevitable in the future. But in this future, a range of tasks for new authors will unfold. The main goal, as well as the sub-goals of this work, which are feathering it, is the introduction and justification of a new view of the Tunguska phenomenon, as a link in solar-terrestrial relationships. But it is not our task to establish a measure of luck and conformity in an attempt. Time will take upon itself the burden of summarizing and correcting the judgments and arguments expressed.

On Earth, in parallel with ours, other highly developed civilizations live, the task of which is to prevent global cataclysms ...

The author is not an astronomer or astrophysicist by profession, and, to be honest, by interests. Due to some circumstances related to the study and practical use of the flatbed scanning method, he had to deal with the Tunguska phenomenon - a bright event on a planetary scale that occurred on June 30, 1908 over the territory of Siberia.

The Tunguska Phenomenon and the Metamorphoses of the Tungus

In this article, I am not going to put forward any out-of-the-ordinary versions, since the main part of this work was already first published in the Centaur Crossing newspaper, Rostov-on-Don, in 2003, under the title “Once again about the Tunguska phenomenon. Since then, the article has been replicated on various sites, thank God, without any cuts. You can view the article on the website. But there was no similar work in the Krasnoyarsk print media, although I presented my own version of the Tunguska phenomenon at the anniversary international scientific and practical conference "100 years since the fall of the Tunguska meteorite" in 2008 in Krasnoyarsk. References to this version were also in the book “Star Mission to the Past. Tunguska riddle in echoes of a 100-year history”, authors - N. Yurlov and E. Barannikova, LLC “Centrosib”, 2008. And, perhaps, we should not have returned to this material, if not for some circumstances related to the versions presented. Therefore, the proposed material is not a direct copy of articles published in other publications and sites: some graphic materials and comments to the sections will be added. And in the future, in this material, the author will highlight new texts and comments in italics.

Background of my research

I had a long acquaintance and cooperation with Academician of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences and Arts B.V. Pestryakov, although I was not yet a member of this academy. I sometimes fulfilled his requests to clarify the location of some objects of natural and man-made origin. In 2002, they were asked to confirm and clarify the places where the fragments of the Tunguska meteorite fell, predicted and discovered by other researchers, in particular, Yu.

Yuri Dmitrievich Lavbin. A person quite well known to the inhabitants of the Krasnoyarsk Territory by regular appearances on radio and television, where he generously distributes interviews and talks about his merits in uncovering the secret of the Tunguska phenomenon, striking the imagination of presenters and viewers with sensational discoveries. He was repeatedly shown by central television channels, and foreign media sources also referred to his unique discoveries. He himself proudly calls himself “the first Tunguska”, and he is very sensitive to the claims of other researchers of the Tunguska phenomenon for this “title”. However, readers can independently be impressed by the scale of this personality by looking at the Internet, which is simply full of revelations and extraordinary reports by Y. Lavbin about the Tunguska phenomenon. But at the beginning of our communication, Yu. Lavbin was absolutely convinced that a meteorite had exploded in the taiga near Vanavara, and he had absolute evidence of the meteorite origin of this phenomenon, and presented a collection of fragments of a cosmic body that he had found as confirmation.

But I continue the story of the study.

For the purity of the experiment, the work was started from a “clean slate”, i.e. it was supposed to explore and find the probable places where the fragments of the Tunguska meteorite fell on the new map. The proposed map of probable places where fragments of the Tunguska meteorite fell, indicated by other researchers, was used only for comparison with the results obtained. Pay attention: it was about the Tunguska meteorite (highlighted by me - this is the plot of intrigue).

My first research was carried out on a map of the Krasnoyarsk Territory at a scale of 1:2500000.

Flight path

Initially, I set the task: to find the projection of the flight trajectory of the Tunguska meteorite, and only then to find the available fragments or places of their fall.

The found trajectory fit well into the concept of some researchers about the origin of this phenomenon, i.e., the movement was traced first from Novaya Zemlya in the southeast direction, followed by a turn over the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and a flight along the meridian to the south at an angle of 20-30o (different cards gave such a range). The trajectory ended in the area of ​​the Vanavara Reserve, i.e., quite exactly at the place where the taiga outcrop was once discovered.

meteorite fragments

The search for the places where fragments fell gave positive results, about 34 of them were found, but only in 6 places it is currently assumed that there are remains that can apparently be found on the spot. Some of the found places where the fragments fell coincide quite accurately with the coordinates indicated on the map by Yu. B. Lavbin.

But when studying the distribution of places where fragments fell, a strange configuration was formed: only 7 fragments landed compactly to the north of the meteorite flight path, the rest were located in a sector to the south of the path. The nature of the distribution of the southern fragments gave grounds for the logical conclusion that all the fragments flew out from one point and, depending on their size and configuration, took their places in the southern sector.

First destruction

The natural need was to check the presence of a single point of fragments departure on the projection of the meteorite flight trajectory. Such a point was found with coordinates 60°55' N. latitude and 93°10' east. longitude, which was located on a sharp bend of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River, 60 km west of the village. Polygus. Scanning the projections of the flight paths of the fragments showed that they all have the same starting point: both the trajectories of the northern and southern fragments. The kinematic scheme of the scattering of fragments suggested some kind of external destructive blow directed from north to south. Within the framework of this version, the movement of the southern fragments was considered as the addition of the vectors of the moments of the movement of the meteorite and the object destroying it; northern fragments are, most likely, fragments of a meteorite or a destructive object due to a ricochet or a complex configuration of the sum of the vectors of the moments of inertia of the meteorite body and the external destroyer.

The trajectory of the destroyer and its origin

Where did the object that interfered with the flight of the meteorite come from? Checking by scanning the projection of the trajectory of the flight of the destroying body indicated that the beginning of the route on the map is characterized by the coordinates 70°05′N. latitude and 105°40′ east. longitude. The first answer to this question suggested itself: the collision of the Tunguska meteorite occurred with another space alien, although the probability of such an event is negligible. But doubts arose because the previous part of the path of the cosmic body had disappeared somewhere; another meteorite flying vertically to the surface of the earth cannot instantly change its trajectory. This problem was solved by constructing the plane of the vertical projection of the path of the second body and determining the angle of flight with respect to the earth's surface. Subsequent conclusions gave striking results, which consisted in the fact that the path has its origin from the surface of the earth, i.e., at a point with coordinates 70 ° 05'N. latitude and 105°40′ east. longitude. This point corresponds to a height of 698 on the maps of the 80s and 700 according to modern topographic data. This is Mount Yaras, which is a flat surface, like a table, 100 km in diameter, with abruptly breaking slopes. An interesting intrigue ensued.

There was a negligible chance of proving the natural origin of the second body by purely mundane explanations of geological emissions from the bowels of the earth as a result of volcanic activity or unknown to science internal stresses of the earth's crust or core. I really did not want to believe in the artificial origin of the projectile. However, modern maps and eyewitnesses showed that the area indicated by these coordinates, the western tip of the Anabar plateau, quite well studied by geologists and pilots of the Khatanga squadron, do not mark any traces of volcanic activity in the last century or corresponding disturbances in the surface of the plateau.

It only remained to admit that the flight of a projectile, now it can be called that, has a technogenic background, but it would be incredible to assume that the hands of earthlings in 1908 could have ensured such accuracy of hitting, and even more so, created the technical means by which this could be done.

Here some explanations of subsequent events should be given. A map depicting the situation described above and explanations in the scope of the beginning of work was handed over to the customer Y. Lavbin through B. Pestryakova. And here is where the most amazing thing happens. Yu. Lavbin after some time suddenly publicly declares that the cosmic body, called the Tunguska meteorite, was damaged by an artificial projectile from outer space by aliens to prevent apocalyptic damage on Earth. And then he conducts a massive attack on the administration of Krasnoyarsk to allocate funds for an expedition to the area of ​​the village. Polygus. Why to Polygus? After all, apart from me, this area has never been mentioned by researchers of the Tunguska phenomenon before. We must pay tribute to the perseverance of Y. Lavbin, the expedition was carried out, and he tried to convince all the media that the results of the expedition were sensational. Up to the stones, at the demonstration of which he categorically convinced that the drawing on the stones is information programmed by aliens. Thank God that none of the serious people entered into a controversy about these nonsense.

But I continue the main material of my version.

Artificial starting ground?

If we assume that the starting point of the trajectory is the starting point of an artificial object, this would suggest the presence of some kind of infrastructure nearby in the form of a polygon. Indeed, scanning information to find the boundaries of the polygon gave a very interesting shape, which was an ideal circle with a radius of 75 kilometers, the projectile launch point was located somewhat west of the center of the circle at a distance of no more than 5–10 km.

Such a set of information suggested that the test site was created by a civilization so far unknown to mankind, and the test site was active in the recent past.

All this began to take shape in a very beautiful hypothesis about the Tunguska phenomenon. It seemed that all contradictions and inconsistencies with the data of previous researchers were being resolved. A version was suggested, which was presented as follows.

On Earth, in parallel with ours, other highly developed civilizations live, whose task is to prevent global cataclysms on Earth, which could cause the destruction of earthly civilization or prevent degradation. The Tunguska meteorite could really represent such a danger when it fell without interference to the Earth's surface. All researchers of the Tunguska phenomenon indirectly proved that the energy that could be released in a collision with the earth's surface is equivalent to a thermonuclear explosion of several hundred megatons of TNT.

A large meteorite or a comet with a massive nucleus approaching the Earth was timely discovered by a parallel civilization. At the final stage of the flight path of the space alien, the massive core was destroyed by a projectile from the test site, as a result of which the core turned into rather small fragments that scattered over the earth without causing significant harm to the population of the impact areas and the environment. The plasma bubble remaining after the kinetic impact, or plasmoid, formed by heating the accompanying gases during the passage of the cosmic body through the Earth's atmosphere, in the area north of the village. Vanavara exploded in the atmosphere at some altitude. Moreover, it should be noted that this area is sparsely populated, and the explosion of the plasmoid did not cause catastrophic consequences for the local population, in any case, not a single researcher notes the death of people. What is it, a happy coincidence or an exact calculation of another civilization?

This version well explains some inconsistencies and facts obtained by previous expeditions to the area where the Tunguska meteorite fell:

The explosion at the height of the plasmoid was accompanied by the release of huge kinetic energy, the tangent components of its vectors caused the fall of the forest along the periphery, and the fall was not in a circle, but in the form of an elongated oval, the formation of which is explained by the comparability of the speed of the bubble and the limited speed of propagation of the explosive wave, i.e. , judging by the size of the oval, the speed of the plasmoid was approximately twice the speed of sound;

The released thermal energy caused burns to the crowns of trees and was the result of the fires in the taiga;

No solid remains of the cosmic body could be found at the site of the taiga fallout, since its mass, turned into debris, was dispersed before the explosion of the plasmoid;

The presence of mutations in the area is explained by the short-term effect of ionized plasma gases, as well as by hard gamma radiation due to the recombination of electrons, and possibly ionized atomic nuclei.

One could conclude from this that this version has a finished look, but further curiosity led to a complication of the problem.

Landfill - not only for the destruction of space bodies

The task was set: if the launch pad was used by another civilization not only for a one-time launch of a projectile, but also for some other purposes, then the presence of information traces of other trajectories in the area of ​​this test site in 1908 was not excluded. Reality exceeded expectations. Several fragments of the tracks of some objects appeared near the polygon. As these fragments continued to build up, they formed one complex closed curve, and both the beginning and the end of it rested on the point from which the projectile started, which destroyed the meteorite, the flight path of which, by the way, was almost a straight line. All this was like a controlled flight of an artificial apparatus. Starting from the range, the vehicle went to the North and moved away from the launch site for 700 km, turning smoothly in the area of ​​Faddey Bay on the eastern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, the vehicle went south on a course slightly east of the first one; then crossed the territory of the test site and headed to Yakutia, making a loop in the form of inverted card "worms" over Yakutia and Evenkia, again passed over the test site heading to the North, crossed the 76th latitude and turned smoothly south towards the test site. Approaching the range, the device made a classic "box" before landing at the point of initial launches.

The trajectory of the Tunguska meteorite over Siberia was not the only one

According to some researchers of the Tunguska phenomenon, the cosmic body made two revolutions around the Earth before it collapsed north of Vanavara. It was necessary to confirm or deny the presence of the first loop. The assumption about the existence of a preliminary orbit was confirmed by the presence of information about the path located to the south of the final flight path at a distance of 280 km along the 960th meridian. The right eastern branch of this route went beyond the map of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, lying 210 km north of Lake Baikal. But the left, western, part suddenly began a sharp turn between the 80th and 82nd meridian on the border of the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrugs, and, most strikingly, the route exactly, almost in a straight line, rushed to the artificial training ground and ended at the launch point of a destructive projectile and an unknown aircraft. This route had to be completely reconstructed on the world map M 1:150,000,000. As a result, a striking picture appeared. The eastern part of the route is smooth and almost straight, in the area of ​​the Aleutian Islands it made a turn to the south-west, went along a curve, went around the Marshall Islands from the east, made a turn to the west, approximately in the region of 45 ° south latitude, crossed New Zealand and reached Melbourne . Then it makes a sharp turn to the northwest, along a curve almost to the equator and crosses Africa through Monrovia and Kinshasa, goes around the west coast of Africa and goes north through the Canaries and Azores and crosses Greenland. Above the polar part of the Arctic Ocean, the route again makes a turn to the southeast and, crossing the Barents Sea New Earth, makes a turn to the east to the latitudinal direction, turns into the final route of the Tunguska meteorite and ends at the site of the plasmoid explosion.

It became clear why the Tunguska phenomenon was observed from the coast of Antarctica and was not seen in the Western Hemisphere on the territory of America.

What is this trajectory?

There are techniques in dowsing that allow you to determine the difference in the origin of different tracks, the identity or complete coincidence in the belonging of the tracks to one body. The test showed an amazing result: the artificial apparatus that made complex loops in the area of ​​​​the test site and the body destroyed on the route of the Tunguska meteorite are one and the same artificial object. That is, according to my version, at first there was a test launch of an aircraft from the test site, which landed safely where it started from - apparently, it was a test flight; then there was a re-launch of the device, which for some reason was destroyed over Siberia.

But it was too early to put an end to this.

In this graphic figure, which is published for the first time, a section of the body is constructed by scanning information, which corresponds to an object flying along the route of the Tunguska meteorite until the moment of the first destruction in the area of ​​the village. Polygus. The technogenic nature of the object is clearly visible. In the upper right part, traces of previous damage are visible, indicating that the object was previously subjected to mechanical impact in order to stop the flight, which became threatening due to loss of control.

Eastern bulge and bifurcation point

Some researchers argued that there is also the Eastern Fall, in which, according to their version, the bulk of the body of the Tunguska meteorite or comet fell. The eastern fall is also called Shishkovsky, after the name of its discoverer - V. Ya. Shishkov, the author of the novel "Gloomy River". Scanning confirmed this assumption. The local point was determined in the area with coordinates: 61 ° 05 's. sh. and 105°10' E. and is located at a distance of 160 km from the site of the explosion of the plasmoid. It is located at the western perihelion of an irregular ellipse. The fall of the forest is located on the periphery with a width of 20–25 kilometers. But now - the flight path broke up into 10 independent trajectories, which converged at a local point (bifurcation point). Each track represented an independent curve and looked like controlled flights of separate and independent objects, with some tracks looking like a parabola, others something like a sinusoid. But I didn’t find a massive body on the Eastern Fall, while the scattered fragments of the initial destruction of the Tunguska meteorite over the Podkamennaya Tunguska River clearly identified themselves.

What was under Vanavara?

It was a natural question that the explosion in the area of ​​Vanavara was provoked, since it was not the final stage of the flight and did not destroy the main object. Scanning showed that from the point of explosion of the plasmoid, another flight path of some body stretches to the north. The construction of the flight path on the map eventually led, no wonder, to an artificial training ground and exactly to the starting point for all objects.

Tunguska meteorite - an artificial object

Limiting only the Tunguska meteorite, the next version of the phenomenon that occurred in 1908 is built. Why such a limitation? Further studies of other phenomena, in particular, the "Yakut Valley of Death", indicate an indirect connection with the Tunguska phenomenon, and God forbid, we can somehow deal with one manifestation.

All the data of my research indicate that the origin of the Tunguska phenomenon is of a technogenic nature, i.e., the essence of the manifestation of the activity of a civilization that is at a level of development, even by modern standards, several orders of magnitude higher than the current terrestrial civilization. It is even difficult to guess for what purpose the launches were carried out and objects of artificial origin were destroyed, and even more so to find out what kind of this civilization? This is similar to the conclusion of an ant about a person observing the life of an anthill.

Apparently, the Tunguska meteorite is an artificially created aircraft with a powerful power plant. Initially, there was a trial test launch from a test site located south of the village. Khatanga, the device flew along a complex trajectory through the territory of Taimyr, Evenkia, Yakutia and returned to the training ground. Then there was the second launch of this apparatus. It is difficult to guess anything about the purpose of the flight, but, most likely, judging by the trajectory and route - in the region of the Eastern Hemisphere of the Earth - this is a research flight. Here, modern sightings and ideas about UFOs are visible: we can only guess the purpose of their flight, but we know that they mainly appear in areas of intense human activity.

What happened to the Tunguska meteorite?

What happened to the Tunguska meteorite at the final stage of the flight, we can only assume the following options. Either the device got out of control as a result of a technical failure and was destroyed by civilization over the sparsely populated regions of Siberia in order to minimize the damage to human civilization. This option is supported by the fact that the device at the final stage of the flight turned to the training ground. Or the entire flight was pre-programmed for final destruction as unnecessary.

The procedure for the destruction of the apparatus took place in three stages. First over the river The stony Tunguska was destroyed by a kinetic (possibly) projectile the hard shell - the body of the aircraft, fragments of the shell of the apparatus still remain on Earth, which, apparently, can be found. The remaining energy part continued the already uncontrolled flight and represented, by earthly standards, a plasmoid. Then the plasmoid was dissected into several fragments in the area of ​​the village. Vanavara with some kind of artificial projectile launched from the range. During the separation of the plasmoid, colossal energy was expended, the excess part of which manifested itself in the form of an air explosion, which caused a fall and burn of the forest on the periphery. Thus, it will be useless to look for any solid parts of the apparatus in the area of ​​​​the explosion.

Subsequently, each of the plasmoid fragments continued to fly along an independent trajectory to the Eastern Fall, eventually converging to one point. During the collapse of the plasmoid fragments, huge energy was again released, exceeding the power of the Vanavara explosion, this can be judged by the area of ​​the taiga fall, which is three times larger than the first fall. And again, it is inexpedient to look for massive bodies, like the remains of a meteorite, in the area of ​​the eastfall.

What was it?

One can only speculate, what was the power plant of the aircraft?

The next version is proposed. To do this, it is necessary to move away from modern ideas about energy sources, atomic or thermonuclear, as the maximum possible in terms of unit power. In this case, the most likely source of energy, based on the existing ideas about the physical vacuum, will be information and its physical characteristics - torsion fields (G. Shipov). The energy generated by torsion fields is close to infinity. In addition, if we proceed from the primacy of information in the material world, it is possible to control time, inertiality and, as a result, gravitational fields. The best example is the trajectory of observed UFOs. A UFO can instantly change the direction of movement, infinitely increase its speed, and, accordingly, to infinity - acceleration, and at the same time not collapse, creating an appropriate space around itself, inside which the laws of gravity and inertia of the system do not operate. The plasmoid, separated from the solid shell of the aircraft, is a clot of information, presented in the form of a space-time hologram. The hologram, apparently, is formed in such a way that it is both a source of energy for the movement of the aircraft and artificial intelligence for controlling flight processes and tasks solved during the flight, i.e., the synthesis of an engine with a computer and controls.

The last question remains: why did the plasmoid split into several fragments, each of which continued to fly along its own complex trajectory, and why was this done? If you follow the properties of a hologram, each part of it is a blurry copy of a corporate hologram, i.e. with a smaller set of information, but sufficient to preserve the primary properties, albeit in a simplified version. Forced separation occurred for the following reason. The hologram, having inside itself compensated spins of torsion fields, without interaction with environment has zero energy. But upon contact with the Earth's surface, the balance of torsion fields could be disturbed, and the colossal energy released could lead to a global catastrophe. The forced controlled separation of the hologram and the subsequent recombination of its fragments, apparently, lead to the release of a sparing (for the Earth) amount of energy, but still huge, according to modern concepts, which created two huge astroblems in the form of taiga falls on the earth's surface.

The landfill is active

And what happened on Mount Yaras - an artificial testing ground, in the years following the Tunguska phenomenon? Further searches for tracks in the area of ​​the test site show that there are a huge number of them. Trails are of several types. Some of them, and their absolute majority, have a beginning and an end at the epicenter, literally at one point - as far as the large-scale resolution of the maps and the sensitivity limits of the dowsing method allowed. These traces rarely have a smooth curve in their trajectory: in general, they change direction at a sharp angle and present a broken line. Other traces lie near the epicenter of the polygon, emerging from outside the maps.

The graphic drawing proposed by the author is a scan of a vertical section of height 688, or Mount Yaras on the Anabar Plateau, northeast of Evenkia. Forms are noted, the origin of which can only be approximated in terms of artificial, technogenic origin. Vertical shaft - a channel several kilometers deep, which can be called a worm portal, inside of which two elliptical objects are located - these are most likely ready for work aircrafts. To the right of the mine are two man-made objects of a round shape, the purpose of which was not possible to identify.

Another problem that still exists and that the author had to face is the lack of found fragments of natural or man-made origin belonging to objects involved in the Tunguska phenomenon. none scientific laboratory, not a single examination informed the world that the meteorite fragments or artifacts on display are the product of the destruction of an unidentified body or a projectile that destroyed it. And all the descriptions offered to the public are fragments - either the authors' delusions, or a conscious hoax intended for an indiscriminate viewer.

The author at one time also could not resist the temptation to find artifacts related to the Tunguska phenomenon, and in 2004 turned to the well-known Krasnoyarsk businessman G. Druzhinin for financial support for a one-day trip to the taiga near the village of Aban. There, according to my scanning research, today there should have been the remains of bodies destroyed in the area of ​​​​the village. Polygus and the most accessible and less remote from the regional center of all marked by the author on the map. The results of the search were negative: they were very easy to find places where objects marked themselves on the map - fragments, fragments related to the Tunguska event; clearly outlined on the surface of the earth objects of clearly artificial origin, but the excavations did not give a result - at a depth of about 1 meter, undisturbed bedrock appeared, and the excavations stopped. This was the case in three places for which there were enough resources allocated for the expedition.

And then there, in the Aban taiga, the author came up with a sound idea that there should be no man-made debris, that we are dealing not only with a high-tech, but also with a highly moral civilization that did not leave behind garbage, unlike the current inhabitants of the Earth. All the waste of activity was turned by civilization into harmless atoms, but they did not consider it necessary to destroy information about the whereabouts of waste and events. Apparently, therefore, none of the earthlings has yet presented reliable artifacts about UFOs and alien spacecraft. Although - a question. Who is the alien on Earth? Rather, the masters of the Earth are highly developed civilizations that exist in parallel with us, and we are the product of their creativity.

True, the author's voyage in search of Tunguska artifacts was not without curious finds. On the trunk of a pine tree, standing on the edge of the excavation pit, at a height of 1.5 meters, a metal fragment was found, stuck with a sharp edge, something resembling a destroyed cylinder with a diameter of 10 cm and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm. This clearly contradicted the version built by the author about the cleansing by our neighbors on the planet of the consequences of their man-made activities. With great stretch, geologists built a version that the artifact found was a fragment of an explosion in a casing pipe. Yes, indeed, at a distance of 500 meters from the excavation site, we encountered an active stone quarry in the taiga, but why a casing pipe in stone mining of hard rock? Indeed, after drilling, a strong channel-pit remains in the stone, which there is absolutely no need to strengthen for laying explosives of such a thin pipe. For the author, such a find remained a dubious and inexplicable acquisition, interfering with the harmony of the main version of the ecological conscientiousness of civilizations.

Instead of an epilogue

In his proposed version, the author does not claim the primacy of the idea of ​​the technogenic nature and causes of the Tunguska phenomenon. This version was put forward by many researchers long before him. A. Kazantsev, a Soviet science fiction writer, was one of the first to put forward a hypothesis about the catastrophe of an alien ship over the Siberian taiga, the general designer of space technology S. Korolev was convinced of the man-made nature of this event, for which they were allocated material funds for an expedition to the area of ​​the village. Vanavara to search for relevant evidence. However, readers can get more extensive information on this issue by reading the already mentioned wonderful book “Star Mission into the Past. The Tunguska riddle in the echoes of a 100-year history”, the authors are N. Yurlov and E. Barannikova. With his studies using the flatbed scanning method, the author only received more confirmation of the man-made version of the Tunguska phenomenon.

At the same time, the author is convinced that no one before him has put forward a version about the presence, parallel to us, on Earth of higher civilizations and their constant activity: about the coordinates of the polygon from which the artificial object started, about the route of the artificial object exclusively along the surface Earth without access to the limits of spaces; that the object was fired on repeatedly in an attempt to destroy or reroute; that one of the epicenters of impact was in the area of ​​the village. Polygus; about the physical nature of the events.

Society is curious by its nature, and there is nothing tragic or comical about the fact that most of it does not burden itself with the refreshment of memory with information obtained in educational institutions, and even more so - to read the presentation of modern physical and mathematical theories. It is easier and without mental strain to look into the mouths of talking heads on TV and PC screens, broadcasting exclusively about new discoveries and discoveries known only to them, which, according to the newly-minted prophets, are not available to scientists burdened with excessive knowledge of fundamental sciences. Moreover, among people with a good basic education, the opinion has taken root that real discoveries are made only by amateurs of insight from above. It is this harmless ignorance of a part of society that the newly-minted pseudo-scientists use, imposing not only the listeners, but also those in power with crazy ideas and promising unthinkable discoveries. This is where some “Tungus people” appear who completely forget that a year ago they were convinced on TV that the Tunguska body destroyed in 1908 was a simple meteorite destroyed by aliens - the guardian angels of humanity. But how much you can exploit an old idea worn to holes - no dividends. Apparently, therefore, a version of the interplanetary spaceship, and even managed to get a grant for it. What, interestingly, can be proposed "super-scientific" for the next year? Unless you read my article to the end, the full text of which was provided in 2005 during a visit to Krasnoyarsk by V. Yu. Vanavara, to the place of the Tunguska catastrophe...

In the book "Issues of meteorite (the problem of the Tunguska meteorite)", Tomsk. TSU Publishing House, 1976 (collection of articles) in the article "Ash in the peat layer 1908" (Authors: Yu. A. Lvov, N. V. Vasiliev, P. P. Vaulin, S. N. Gryaznova, T. A. Menyavtseva) on p. area of ​​the Tunguska catastrophe. This is an axisymmetric mirror-optical scheme of the internal structure of the Tunguska meteorite - reflecting mirrors (two) located at an angle of 40 degrees. to the axis of symmetry of this device, Large and Small mutually concave mirrors (see Projector), a small mirror (flat?) at the end of the Device - a typical hybrid scheme of the Cassegrain Telescope with Michelson's Stellar Interferometer. A typical terrestrial analogue of our time to the Tunguska meteorite is the Hubble telescope. Both the design of these instruments (TM and Hubble) and the tasks of circling the Earth are approximately the same.
We can also continue discussing the flight path of the Tunguska meteorite

A hundred years have passed since the most impressive and mysterious catastrophe of the 20th century, which occurred in the area of ​​the Tunguska River and received worldwide recognition as the explosion of the Tunguska meteorite. For almost half a century, year after year, researchers go to the taiga, collect and analyze a lot of factual material related to the disaster, trying to understand what forces of nature played out on June 30, 1908 in the deserted interfluve of the Podkamennaya Tunguska and the Chunya River.

To explain the catastrophe, about a hundred different hypotheses were put forward, but not one of them is even partially able to explain the many facts that contradict each other, and primarily our ideas.

Members of the permanent complex amateur expedition (CSE) half-jokingly, half-seriously claim that they are familiar with literally every mosquito in the explosion zone. But the problem remains unresolved, and its importance for science was very well emphasized by the permanent head of the CSE, Academician N.V. Vasiliev:

« The Tunguska meteorite is not a private scientific question, but a problem, because the immediate, and perhaps the distant prospect of studying the evolution of the comet-meteorite matter of the solar system will largely depend on its solution.».

Let's consider what happened in the Tunguska taiga, and what connection this phenomenon has with the Sasovo explosion.

Events began even before the onset of the disaster. 8-10 days before it, in many countries of Europe and in Western Siberia, the darkness of the night was replaced by some kind of unusual illumination, as if a period of white nights had begun in these countries. Silvery clouds stretched from east to west arose everywhere, shining brightly in the twilight sky of sunrise and sunset, as was noted by one of the researchers E.L. Krinov, the approach of some unusual natural phenomenon. And this event happened.

June 30 at 7:15 a.m. According to local time, in the basin of the tributaries of the Podkamennaya Tunguska, Kimchu and Khushma rivers, about a hundred kilometers north of the Vanovar trading post, in the remote Siberian taiga, several monstrous explosions thundered. Millions of trees at a distance of up to 30 km along the radius from the explosion zone were uprooted and thrown to the ground.

A huge pillar of fire flew up over the taiga. Infernal heat and a roar fell upon the surroundings, dried wood and dry moss flared up. Rumble and explosions were heard at a distance of up to 1200 km from the explosion zone, shaking of the soil - an earthquake was felt up to 1000 km, light phenomena were observed at a distance of up to 700 km, windows of houses were knocked out at a distance of up to 300 km (see Fig. 9). The air wave from the explosions was recorded by many weather stations around the world and, according to some sources, circled the globe twice.

And all this was done, according to the currently accepted versions, by a space alien - a meteorite (?? - A.Ch.) of an unusually bright color, the movement of which was observed by thousands of residents of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. And they really watched it. But when the researchers began to study their testimony, determining the shape of the flying body and its color, the speed and direction of flight, the noise emitted and the color of the smoky tail, it turned out that

Witnesses at different ends of the vast territory observed a different picture, as it were, of one and the same phenomenon. Moreover, they observed the same phenomenon at different times, and this difference exceeded half a day, almost all observations took place after 7 hours 14 minutes, when the fireball, according to the registration of the earthquake, no longer existed, and the direction of its movement was eyewitnesses showed with a difference of up to 150 °, and few of them, with clear sky, observed a smoky tail, and a meteorite without a tail is astrophysical nonsense.

What eyewitnesses say

I'll start with information from June 29 (old style) 1908 of the Tomsk newspaper "Siberian Life" by a certain Afanasyev, with which E.L. Krinov "Tunguska meteorite" and which, with the same comments, is repeated by V.A. Bronshten in the book:

« In the middle of June 1908, at about 3 o'clock in the morning, a few sazhens from the railroad track, near the Filimonovo junction, not reaching 11 versts to Kansk, according to stories, a huge meteorite fell. His fall was accompanied by a terrible rumble and a deafening blow, which seemed to be heard at a distance of more than 40 miles.

Passengers approaching during the fall of the meteorite to the train siding were struck by an unusual rumble; the train was stopped by the driver, and the audience rushed to the place of the fall of the distant wanderer. But she could not examine the meteorite closer, as it was red-hot.

Subsequently, when it had already cooled down, various persons from the junction and engineers passing along the road examined it and, probably, dug it in. According to the stories of these people, almost all of the meteorite crashed into the ground - only its top sticks out; it represents a stone mass of a whitish color, reaching a size as if 6 cubic sazhens.

This note was reprinted in the tear-off calendar of the O. Kirchner publishing house in St. Petersburg for 1910. Everything in it, to apart from the fact of the fall(more precisely span) giant meteorite, powerful sound phenomena (which were heard much further than 40 versts) and the fact of the train stopping are a complete fiction. In addition, the train was not a passenger train, but a freight one, and the frightened driver stopped it not at the Filimonov siding, but at the Lyalka siding.

The stories about the public that poured out of the train to look at the heavenly wanderer, that it was red-hot, had a whitish color, a volume of 6 cubic fathoms, about the engineers who began to dig in it, and so on - all this was invented by the author of the article or persons who told him these sensational details.

V.A. Bronshten ends quoting the book with this. But E.L. Krinov continues a little further: "Siberian life" dated June 27(old style) 1908 reports that at the time of the fall of the meteorite, a strong shaking of the soil was observed(whether only at the time of the fall - A.Ch.), and near the village of Lovat (Kansky district of the Yenisei region) two strong explosions were heard, similar to the shots of large-caliber guns».

And then, according to E.L. Krinov, it turns out that L.A. Kulik found a witness to the fall of a meteorite near the railway - a railway employee I.I. Ilyinsky, who was on duty at that moment at the Lyalka siding, waiting for a freight train from Kansk (or maybe a freight train, when one or two local passenger cars were hooked up to the freight train, in those days there were such cars, especially in Siberia, and , therefore, the passengers could be. - A.Ch.) and who witnessed the fall of a meteorite.

He felt, as it were, a strong shaking of the air and heard a rumble, which he mistook for "an earthquake or any other natural phenomenon." The driver was so frightened by the rumble and shaking of the air that he stopped the train about a verst and a half from the siding, and upon arrival at the siding demanded that the train be inspected for its serviceability. I.I. Ilyinsky testifies that “different people came from the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, but they did not succeed in finding a meteorite, and those stones (it seems that there were a lot of them here too - A.Ch.), which at first were considered meteorites, turned out to be a local breed (i.e., as if formed on earth, and did not fall from the sky - A.Ch.).

E.L. Krinov also reports that in his first report, L.A. Kulik points out that

On June 17 (30), 1908, at 5-8 o’clock in the morning, a bright meteorite really swept over the Yenisei province, in the general direction from south to north, which fell in the area of ​​the Ognia River, the left tributary of the Vanovara River ...

The fall of the meteorite was accompanied by a bright glow, a dark cloud at the “detention point”, thunder peals, among which three four peals stood out in their strength from the general series of sounds. L.A. Kulik also noted the catastrophic effect of the head air wave (if there is a “detention point”, then where does the “head wave” come from - A.Ch.), which, as the Evenks said (their messages were received from third parties), at the point of its contact with the ground in the area of ​​the Ognia River (I note that modern science does not record any contact with the ground in this place, and therefore does not study - A.Ch.) not only broke and felled trees over a large area, but even dammed the Ognia River, as if bringing down into it coastal cliffs. (Ognia is the northernmost left tributary of the Vanavara River, has a length of about 40 km, is located near the Shishkovsky fallout, about a third of the way from it to the Kulikovsky fallout.

This information was confirmed in a letter to L.E. Kulik engineer V.P. Gundobin, who " pointed out that the nomad camps of these Evenks were located in the region of the Ognia River, that the Evenk Dushenchi, whom V.P. Gundobin, confirmed that there was a fire on the Ognia River at the indicated time, that there"mountain collapsed" and that this mountain is considered cursed by the Evenks».

And I.M., who conducted the surveys, received another very interesting message from the Evenk Lyutchekan. Suslov: " In autumn, Lyutchekan and Akulina were found on the northeastern slope of the Lakura ridge, near the source of the Makirti River, "dry river", representing a furrow that ended in a large pit littered with earth».

The formation of a “dry river” and pits to the north of the Lakura ridge was told by Andrey Onkul, an Evenk who, at about half the distance between the Kimchu and Khushma rivers, saw a large pit, about which none of the Evenks knew anything before.

All researchers of the Tunguska phenomenon know about the existence of this "dry river", although none of them have seen it. And they know it because it could have been formed by a fragment of a meteorite that “struck” along the slope of the ridge and got stuck deep in a hole under a layer of soil. That is, this phenomenon fit into the mainstream of the meteorite hypothesis and could serve as proof of it if a fragment of a meteorite was found in the “big hole”.

« S. Kezhemskoe. On the 17th, an extraordinary atmospheric phenomenon was noticed in the local area. At 7 hours 43 minutes. in the morning there was a noise as if from a strong wind. Immediately after this, a terrible blow was heard, accompanied by an earthquake, from which the buildings literally shook, and it seemed as if a strong blow had been made on the building by some huge log or heavy stone. The first blow was followed by a second, of the same force, and a third.

Then - the time interval between the first and third impacts was accompanied by an unusual underground rumble, similar to the sound from the rails, along which, as it were, a dozen trains passed at the same time. And then, for 5-6 minutes, exactly the artillery fire took place: about 50-60 strikes followed at short, almost identical intervals. Gradually, the blows became weaker towards the end. After a 1.5-2 minute break after the end of the continuous "firing" there was another six blows after another, like distant cannon shots, but still distinctly audible and felt by the shaking of the earth.

The sky looked completely clear. There was no wind or clouds. But with careful observation in the north, i.e. where blows seemed to be heard, something similar to an ashy cloud was clearly seen on the horizon, which, gradually decreasing, became more transparent and by 2-3 o'clock. day is completely gone.

The same phenomenon, according to the information received, was also observed in the surrounding villages of Angara at a distance of 300 versts.(down and up) with the same strength. There were cases when glass in folding frames was broken from shaking houses. How strong the first blows were can be judged by the fact that in some cases horses and people fell from their feet.

As eyewitnesses say, before the first explosions began to be heard(beats) the sky was cut from south to north with a tendency to the northeast by some kind of celestial body of a fiery type, but behind the speed (and most importantly - unexpectedness) of the flight, neither its size nor shape could be discerned.

But on the other hand, many in different villages saw that with the touch of a flying object to the horizon, in the place where the peculiar cloud indicated above was later noticed, but much lower than the location of the latter, at the level of the forest peaks, a huge flame seemed to flare up, bifurcating the sky. The radiance lasted, apparently, not less than a minute, since it was also noticed by many peasants who were on arable land. As soon as the "flame" disappeared, blows immediately rang out.

With an ominous silence in the air, it was felt that some extraordinary phenomenon was taking place in nature. On an island opposite the village, horses and cows began to scream and run from end to end. It seemed that the earth was about to open up, and everything would fall into the abyss. Terrible blows were heard from somewhere, shaking the air, and the invisibility of the source inspired some superstitious fear. Literally took aback. ..".

I will cite the testimony of some eyewitnesses of the Tunguska phenomenon, described by E.L. Krinov and repeated by Zolotov A.V. :

1. Sarychev E.E. near the city of Kansk (testimony in 1921): “.. .I was a leather master and in the summer(closer to spring) about 8 hours(before lunch) with workers washed wool on the banks of the river. Cana. Suddenly, at first, a noise was heard, like from the wings of a frightened bird, in the direction from south to east, towards the village of Antsyr, and a wave like a swell went upstream along the river. After that, one sharp blow followed, and after it - deaf, as if underground peals.

The blow was so strong that one of the workers, E.S. Vlasov fell into the water. With the appearance of noise in the air, a kind of radiance of a circular shape appeared, about half the size of the moon, with a bluish tinge, quickly flying from Filimonov to Irkutsk. Behind the radiance there was a trace in the form of a bluish strip, stretching along the entire path and then gradually disappearing from the end. The radiance, without bursting, disappeared behind the mountain. I could not record the duration of the phenomenon, but it was very short. The weather was perfectly clear and it was quiet.”

2. Goloshchekin A. from the village of Kamenskoye, located 600 km to the west-southwest of the alleged "epicenter" (the westernmost observation point) reported in a letter dated June 30, 1908 "... that at 7 o'clock in the morning in the village of Kolomenskoye the following phenomenon was observed: three underground thunder strikes were heard in the direction from the north-west, following one after another, some observed a shaking.

From the inquiries of local residents, he learned that a few minutes earlier, some of them had seen, as it were, a body more than a arshin long, oblong in shape, and tapering towards one end, as if torn off from the Sun; his head was bright as the sun, and the rest of it was a more misty color. This body, having flown through space, fell in the northeast.

3. Kokorkin I.V., 330 km SW. " It was at 5:00 am on June 17, 1908. He sat at the helmsman of the boat(on the Angara River). .. A bluish light flashed in the north and a fiery body much larger than the Sun swept from the south, leaving a wide bright streak: then such a cannonade broke out that all the workers who were in the boat rushed to hide in the cabin, forgetting about the danger threatening from the side of the threshold.

The first beats were weaker, and then they got stronger, the sound effect, by his definition, lasted 3-5 minutes. The power of the sounds was so great that the boatmen were completely demoralized; and it cost a lot of effort to get them back to their places in the boat.”

4. Privalikhin S.I. (village of Kovy, 300 km to the south-southwest) in 1930 said: “ I do not remember the date, month and year when the meteorite fell, but it was during the struggle of vapors on a perfectly clear day in the morning. The sun has already risen quite high. I was about 15 years old at that time. I was 10 versts from the village of Kova on arable land.

As soon as I had time to harness the horse to the harrow, I suddenly heard, as it were, a strong shot from a gun (one blow) to my right. I immediately turned around and saw a kind of elongated flame flying: the forehead is wider, and the tail is narrower, the color is like fire during the day, white, many times larger than the Sun, but much weaker than it in brightness, so that it was possible to look at it. In the middle of the flame, as it were, dust remained, it twisted in balls, and blue streaks remained from the flame.

It flew fast, three minutes. The flame disappeared behind the mane of mountains between north and west (a little west of the north). I saw him flying at a height a little less than half the distance between the zenith and the horizon, above the summer sun setting. As soon as the flames disappeared, sounds were heard stronger than rifle shots, the earth was trembling and the glass was heard rattling in the windows of the winter hut, where I ran in as soon as I saw the flames. Other peasants, who were harrowing along with me, ran there in fright.

5. A resident of Kezhmy I.A. Kogorin, interviewed by E.L. Krinov, in 1930 said: " Together with Bryukhanov and others(person 5-6) I was in a boat on the river. Angara in Kovu to mine millstones. Near the village of Zaimskaya(about 260 km to SSW) we drove up to the shore and, having strengthened the boat near the shore, went"on the hillock" in a village located directly to the south.

Moving a few steps away from the boat, we saw to our right (directly to the west) a fiery red flame flying obliquely to the Earth to the north, as if shot from a gun, three times larger than the Sun, but not brighter than it, it was possible to look at it, and they saw how the flame disappeared beyond the horizon in the northwest.

We noticed the flame when it already appeared in the sky. As soon as the flames touched the ground, sounds like continuous firing from cannons were heard. The sounds lasted no more than half an hour. During the sounds, the ground trembled, the glass in the windows rattled and continued to rattle when we entered the house. The water in the river was calm.”

6. A resident of Kezhmy A.K. Bryukhanov: "... I haven't had time yetget dressed completely after the bath, I hear a noise. He jumped out, as he was, into the street and immediately threw a glance at the sky, because you can hear the noise from there. And I see: blue, green, red, hot(orange) stripes, but they go to the sky, and they are as wide as the street. The stripes went out, and the roar was heard again, and the earth shook.

Then the stripes appeared again, and went "under the sea". It seemed that they were about 20 versts from Kezma. Well, then I heard that the end of them was far away, in the Tunguska camp. The Tungus told that they burned 4 storehouses of all property and “deer”, 50 bread. And a ditch was dug near the parking lot, and the Tungus find some stones in it».

7. This is how the flight of the same (??) Tunguska meteorite is described by V.K. Penegin and E.A. Penegina from the village of Kondrashino, right bank of the Lena River:

« The ball was red like fire, like a tomato. There was no smoke, no trace. The sound was long, it was terrifying, the sound was strong, as if a rock was being blown up nearby, they thought that it fell right behind the river. Disappeared next to the Cymbal rock, on the left. Flew in front of the rock, about 1/3 below the top. From Tsimbala I flew about two kilometers and went sharply to the right, a very sharp angle. There was nothing to be seen where he had fled. He did not descend, flew horizontally».

8. In the newspaper "Siberia" dated July 2, 1908 (Irkutsk), S. Kulesh described the phenomenon: " On the 17th of June in the morning at the beginning of 9 o'clock in the morning we observed some unusual phenomenon of nature. In the village of N.-Karelinsky(versts 200 from Kirensk to the north) the peasants saw in the northwest, quite high above the horizon, some extremely strong(can't watch) a body glowing with a white bluish light, moving from top to bottom for 10 minutes.

The body was presented in the form of a "pipe", those. cylindrical. The sky was cloudless, only not high above the horizon, in the same direction in which the luminous body was observed, a small dark cloud was noticeable. It was hot, dry. Getting closer to the ground(forest?) the shiny body, as it were, blurred, in its place a huge puff of black smoke formed and an extremely strong knock was heard(not thunder) as if from large falling stones or cannon fire.

All buildings shook. At the same time, flames of an indefinite shape began to burst out of the cloud. I (S. Kulesh) I was in the forest at that time, about 6 versts from Kirensk to the north, and in the northwest I heard, as it were, cannon fire, repeated intermittently for at least 15 minutes several times(at least 10).

In Kirensk, glass rattled in some houses in the walls facing northwest. These sounds, as it turned out later, were heard in the village. Podkamensky. ...". At the same time, in Kirensk, some observed in the northwest, as it were, a fiery red ball, moving, according to the testimony of some, horizontally, and according to the testimony of others, very obliquely.

Near Chechuisk, a peasant driving across the field observed the same thing in the northwest. Near Kirensk, in the village of Voronina, the peasants saw a fireball that fell to the southeast of them (ie, in the direction opposite to that where the village of Karelinskoye is located).

The phenomenon aroused a lot of rumors. Some say that this is a huge meteorite, others - that it is ball lightning (or a whole series of them). At about 2 o'clock between Kirensk and N.-Karelinsky (closer to Kirensk) on the same day there was an ordinary thunderstorm with heavy rain and hail.

9. The head of the Nizhne-Ilimsk department (about 420 km to SSE) Vakulin in a letter dated June 28, 1908: “ Tuesday, June 17 at around 8 am(watch not checked) according to the stories of a large circle of local residents, they initially noticed a fireball descending indirectly to the horizon from east to west in a northwestern direction, which, when approaching the ground, turned into a pillar of fire and instantly disappeared: after disappearing in this direction, a cloud of smoke was seen rising up from the earth.

A few minutes later there was a strong noise in the air with deaf separate blows, similar to thunder peals. These blows were followed by about 8 strong blows, similar to cannon shots. The very last blow was whistling and especially strong, from which the surface of the earth and buildings slightly swayed ...

These phenomena are also confirmed by the inhabitants of the terminal villages of the Nizhne-Ilimsk volost, part of the Kocheng and Karanchan volosts, located from east to west, over a space of about 300 versts.

10. The head of the Kirensk meteorological station, located at a distance of about 500 km southeast of the explosion site, G.I. Kulesh wrote in his letter of June 23 (old style) 1908: “ On June 17 (according to the old style) an unusual phenomenon was observed in the north-west of Kirensk, lasting from about 7 hours 15 minutes to 8 hours in the morning ... I heard muffled sounds, but mistook them for volleys of gun shots on a military field across the Kirenga River. Having finished the work, I looked at the barograph tape and, to my surprise, noticed a line next to the line made at 7 o'clock in the morning(hourly timestamp) .. . , during the work I did not get up from my seat ... and no one entered the room.»

Further, he said that, according to eyewitnesses, at 7:15 am in the north-west, a pillar of fire appeared, four sazhens in diameter, in the form of a spear. When the pillar disappeared, five strong jerky blows were heard, as from a cannon, quickly and distinctly following one after another; then a thick cloud appeared in this place.

Fifteen minutes later, the same blows were heard again, another fifteen minutes later the same thing happened again. The carrier, a former soldier and in general a man of experience and development, counted fourteen blows. According to his duty, he was on the shore and observed the whole phenomenon from beginning to end. The column of fire was seen by many, but the blows were heard by an even greater number of people ... "

But the description of the explosion observed from Kirensk is not limited to this. Here is the addition to it that A. Olkhovatov leads and publishes with criticism of experts considering the Tunguska phenomenon:

« Meteorites" take from eyewitness accounts only what suits them, and discard everything that contradicts the "fall of a meteorite". As an illustration, I will quote a well-known astronomer, one of the best specialists in meteorite phenomena and the Tunguska phenomenon V.A. Bronshten (the quote is opened and closed in square brackets).

Here is how he publishes the testimony of eyewitness Ivan Suvorov (father of the leader of the amateur expedition of 1934, K.I. Suvorov, the events take place in the city of Kirensk):

[« Ivan liked to get up early and run one verst. The morning of June 30, 1908 was no exception. This morning was cloudless, the sun shone brightly with complete calm.

Suddenly, Ivan's attention was attracted by an ever-increasing noise emanating, as it seemed to him, from the southeast side of the sky. Nothing like this was felt from the east, nor from the north, nor from the west. The sound was getting closer. "It all started, wrote Ivan Suvorov, - according to my watch, verified the day before at the post office of Kirensk, at 6 hours 58 minutes local time. The gradually approaching source of noise began to be heard from the south-southwest side and moved to the west-north-west direction, which coincided with the column of fire that shot up at 7:15 in the morning.

Ivan Suvorov made this entry on the margins of an illustrated Bible that was used in the family. In 1929 - 1930, when Komsomol atheists began to go from house to house and seize religious literature, Agrepina Vasilievna herself threw the precious Bible into the fire. So the recordings of Ivan Suvorov perished.

And yet they did not disappear - they remained in the memory of his son, Konstantin Suvorov, who read his father's story many times and then restored it.

Already in the 70s, members of an amateur expedition led by L.E. Epictetova compiled a complete catalog of eyewitness testimonies of the Tunguska phenomenon. This catalog contains 708 eyewitness statements. Ivan Suvorov thus became seven hundred and ninth.

What surprises us in these testimonies? ( pay special attention to what surprises"Meteorite" V.A. Bronshten- A.O.) First of all, the time of the beginning of the audibility of the anomalous sound is 6 hours 58 minutes, while the fiery column shot up, in full agreement with other definitions at 7 hours 15 minutes. The Tunguska fireball could not fly, making a sound, for 17 minutes. During this time, at a speed of 30 km∕sec, it would fly 30,000 km, that is, at 6 hours 58 minutes it would be far beyond the atmosphere and could not make any sounds. This means that this event does not refer to the beginning of the appearance of the sound, but to some other event, for example, to Ivan leaving the house.

The correct indication of the moment of the explosion forces us to reject all other possible assumptions: for example, that Ivan's clock was 17 minutes behind in a day, or that the local time of Kirensk was very different from the local times of other points. Moreover, in the same Kirensk, the director of the weather station G.K. Kulesh recorded the arrival of an air wave (that is, the same sounds) after 7 o'clock, according to the barograph readings.

Just as inaccurately, Ivan recorded the direction from which the sounds came. The Tunguska fireball flew by the most accurate definitions, north of Kirensk. The nearest point was from it to the northeast. Then the car moved to the north and, finally, to the northwest.

According to E.L. Krinov in his book “The Tunguska meteorite” (M.: AN SSSR. 1949, p. 54), many eyewitnesses later claimed that they heard the sound before they saw the fireball (which in fact could not be [could not be, of course, according to the "meteorite" - A.O.]). Apparently, this is some property of inexperienced observers who reported what they saw much later, several years after the event.] (End of quote from V.A. Bronshten).

11. A resident of the Vanavara trading post S.B. Semenov, interviewed - L.A. Kulik in 1927 and E.L. Krinov in 1930 said: “ I don’t remember the exact year, but more than 20 years ago, while plowing fallows for breakfast, I was sitting on the porch of the house at the Vanavara trading post and facing north.

As soon as I swung an ax to fill a hoop on a tub, when suddenly in the north, above the Tunguska road, the sky split in two and it was wide and high above the forest (as Semyonov showed, at an altitude of about 50o) a fire appeared that covered the entire northern part of the sky. At that moment, I became so hot, as if my shirt was on fire, and the heat came from the north side.

I wanted to tear and throw off my shirt, but at that moment the sky slammed shut and there was a strong blow. I was thrown from the porch three fathoms. At first I fainted, but my wife ran out of the hut and led me into the hut. After the blow, there was such a knock, as if stones were falling from the sky or firing from cannons, the earth trembled, and when I lay on the ground, I pressed my head, fearing that the stones would not break my head.

At that moment, when the sky opened up, a hot wind swept past the huts from the north, like from a cannon, which left traces in the form of paths on the ground and damaged the growing onion. Then it turned out that many panes of glass in the windows were broken, and the iron plate of the lock near the door was broken near the barn.

11. Semenov's daughter, A.S. Kosolapova, interviewed by E.L. Krinov in 1930, at the age of 41, told the following: “ I was 19 years old, and during the fall of the meteorite, I was at the Vanavara trading post. Marfa Bryukhanov and I came to the key(behind the trading post bath) by water. Marfa began to draw water, and I stood beside her, facing north. Suddenly I saw in front of me in the north that the sky opened up to the very earth and a fire blazed.

We were frightened, but the sky closed again and after that there were blows similar to shots ... Running up to the house, we saw my father, S.E. Semyonov, lying unconscious by the barn opposite the porch of the house.

Martha and I led him into the hut. Whether it was hot at the time of the appearance of the fire, I do not remember. At this time, we were very scared. During the blows, the earth and the huts trembled violently, and earth fell from the ceilings in the huts. The sounds at first were very strong and were heard directly above the head, and then gradually became quieter and quieter.».

Of interest are the testimonies of eyewitnesses who at the time of the disaster were directly within the zone of destruction.

12. Closest to the epicenter was the chum of the Evenks of Ivan and Akulina, even in the zone of light burn of trees at a distance, probably about 25-30 km to the ESE. Later, Akulina from the Machakutyr clan told (recorded by I. Suslov):

« There were three of us in the plague: me and my husband Ivan and old man Vasily, the son of Okhchen. Suddenly, someone strongly pushed our chum. I got scared, screamed, woke up Ivan, we began to get out of the sleeping bag. We see Vasily getting out. Before Ivan and I had time to get out and stand on our feet, someone again strongly pushed our chum, and we fell to the ground. The old man Vasily also fell on us, as if someone had abandoned him. Noise was heard all around, someone thundered and knocked on the elune(suede tire plague. - I.S.).

Suddenly it became very light, the bright sun was shining on us, a strong wind was blowing. Then someone fired hard, as if the ice had burst on Katanga, and the Uchir-dancer immediately flew in(tornado - I.S.), grabbed the elune, twirled it and dragged it somewhere. Only dukach remained(the skeleton of a plague of 30 poles - I.S.). I was completely scared and became butcho(lost consciousness - I.S.), but I see: the uchir is dancing. I screamed and immediately became alive again(woke up. - I.S.).

Uchir dumped a dukcha on me and hurt my leg with the sixth. I crawled out from under the poles and cried: the chest with dishes was thrown out of the tent, and it is lying far away, open, and many cups are broken. I look at our forest and do not see it. Many forests stand without branches, without leaves. There are many, many forests on the ground. Dry forests, branches, deer moss are burning on the ground. I look, some clothes are on fire, I come up and see - our hare blanket and our fur bag, in which Ivan and I slept.

I went to look for Ivan and the old man. I look, something is hanging on a knot of bare larch. She came up, pulled the stick and took it off. It was our furs, which used to hang tied to chum poles. The fox skins were burned, the ermine became yellowish and dirty, covered in soot. Many squirrel skins were wrinkled and dry.

I took the furs, wept, and went to look for my men. And on the ground dry land burns and burns, smoke is all around. Suddenly I hear someone moaning softly. I ran to the voice and saw Ivan. He lay on the ground between the branches of a large forest. His arm broke on a log, the bone tore his shirt and stuck out, blood dried on it. Then I fell and became a bucho again. But soon she was alive again. Ivan "woke up", began to moan and cry louder.

Uchir threw Ivan close. If you put ten tents side by side, then he fell behind the last tent, very close to the place where I removed the furs from the knot».

13. Chum of the Evenki brothers Chekarencha and Chuchancha - stood on the river. Avarkitte (Hovokikte) at a distance of about 40 km SSE from the epicenter. They told:

« .. .Suddenly both woke up at once: someone was pushing us. We heard a whistle and felt a strong wind. Chekaren still shouted to me: “Do you hear how many goldeneyes or mergansers fly? After all, we were still in the plague, and we could not see what was happening in the forest. Suddenly someone pushed me again, so hard that I hit my head on the plague pole and then fell on the hot coals in the hearth. I was frightened. Chekaren was also frightened, grabbed the pole ...

Behind the tent there was some kind of noise, one could hear how the woods were falling. Chekaren and I got out of the bags and already wanted to jump out of the tent, but suddenly thunder struck very hard. It was the first blow. The earth began to twitch and sway, a strong wind hit the tent and knocked it down. I was firmly pressed down by the poles, but my head was not covered, because the elune was up.

Then I saw a terrible miracle: the woods were falling, the needles were burning on them, the dry wood was burning on the ground, the deer moss was burning. The smoke is all around, it hurts the eyes, it's hot, very hot, you can burn. Suddenly, over the mountain, where the forest had already fallen, it became very light, and how would you say that the second Sun appeared, the Russians would say: it suddenly flashed unexpectedly, it hurt my eyes, and I even closed them.

It looked like what the Russians call lightning. And immediately agdylyan, a strong thunder. It was the second blow. The morning was sunny, there were no clouds, our Sun shone brightly, as always, and then a second sun appeared! With difficulty, Chekaren and I crawled out from under the poles and the elune.

After that, we saw, as if above, but in a different place, it flashed again, and there was a strong thunder. It was the third blow. The wind blew on us, knocked us off our feet, hit us on a fallen tree. We followed the falling trees, saw how their tops broke, looked at the fire. Suddenly Chekaren shouted:"Look Up" - and showed with his hand. I looked there and again I saw lightning, it flashed and struck again, Agdylyan did»…

Here we should add another evidence of the Evenki T.N. Liversherova from the Strelka trading post: “Pektrume was strange ... We then stood on Kimcha. There were eight plagues in the camp. We were still sleeping, like a storm and thunder came to us. Trees fell, plagues flew away, and people, along with their beds, were thrown up from the ground many times. They were unconscious until the evening. who even died. My husband also died. And Aksiri (God of Heaven) left me alive ... ".

In the same place: “Local residents, who were interviewed by scientists who were part of the expedition, claimed that a moment before the terrible outbreak, trees and yurts soared into the air in some places, separate areas of soil (on the hills), waves went against the current on the rivers.”

There is reason to believe that the Tunguska explosion caused disturbances in the properties of rocks in the disaster area, and these changes are very similar to those that can be expected when rocks are irradiated with high-energy ionizing radiation. The effect is as incomprehensible as the previous one.