Scientists are still finding mysteries of history that they cannot give a logical explanation.
The first stone calendar.
In the Sahara desert in Egypt lie the oldest known, astronomically aligned, rocks in the world: the Nabta. A thousand years before the creation of Stonehenge, people built a stone circle and other structures on the shore of the lake, which has long since dried up. Over 6,000 years ago, stone slabs three meters high were dragged over a kilometer to create this place. The depicted stones are only a part of the entire complex that has been preserved. Although the Western Egyptian Desert is completely dry at present, it was not so in the past. There is good evidence that there have been several wet cycles in the past (when up to 500 mm of precipitation fell per year). The most recent dates back to the interglacial period and the time of the beginning of the last glaciation, which was approximately 130,000 to 70,000 years ago. During this period, the area was a savannah and supported the life of numerous animals such as extinct bison and large giraffes, antelope different types and gazelles. Starting around the 10th millennium BC, this area of the Nubian desert began to receive more rainfall, filling the lakes. early people, perhaps the region attracted sources drinking water. Archaeological finds may indicate that human activity in the area is known from at least sometime between the 10th and 8th millennium BC.
Chinese mosaic of lines.
These strange lines are located at 40°27'28.56"N, 93°23'34.42"E. There is not much information available about this "strangeness", but a beautiful mosaic of lines does exist, it carved in the desert of Gansu Sheng province in China. Some records indicate that the "lines" were created in 2004, but nothing seems to be found to officially support this assumption. It should be noted that these lines are located near the Mogao Cave, which is a World Heritage Site. The lines stretch for a very long distance, and at the same time retain their proportions, despite the curvature of the rough terrain.
Inexplicable stone doll.
In July 1889, in Boise, Idaho, a small human figure was found during a well drilling operation. The find aroused intense scientific interest in the last century. Unmistakably man-made, the "doll" was discovered at a depth of 320 feet, which allowed its age to be dated far before the arrival of man in this part of the world. The find has never been disputed, but only said that such a thing, in principle, is impossible.
Iron bolt, 300 million years old.
It was found almost by accident. The expedition of the MAI-Kosmopoisk Center searched for fragments of a meteorite in the south of the Kaluga region, in Russia. Dmitry Kurkov decided to inspect an ordinary, it would seem, piece of stone. What he found is able to turn our ideas about the earth and space history. When dirt was brushed off the stone, on its chip it was clearly visible that somehow got inside ... a bolt! About a centimeter long. How did he get there? A bolt with a nut on the end (or - what this thing also looked like - a coil with a rod and two disks) was tight. This means that he got inside the stone back in those days when it was only sedimentary rock, bottom clay.
Ancient rocket ship.
This ancient image in a cave from Japan dates back to more than 5000 BC.
Moving stones.
No one, not even NASA, has yet been able to explain this. The best thing to do is just watch and marvel at the moving rocks in this dry lake in National Park Death Valley. The bottom of Racetrack Playa is almost flat, 2.5 km north to south and 1.25 km east to west, and is covered with cracked mud. The stones move slowly along the clay bottom of the lake, as evidenced by the long footprints left behind them. The stones move on their own without the help of others, but no one has ever seen or recorded the movement on camera. Similar movements of stones were recorded in some other places. However, in terms of the number and length of tracks, the dry Lake Racetrack Playa is unique.
Electricity in the pyramids.
Teotihuacan, Mexico. Large sheets of mica have been found embedded in the walls of this ancient Mexican city. The nearest place is a quarry where mica is mined, located in Brazil, thousands of kilometers away. Mica is currently used in energy production technology. In this regard, the question arises as to why the builders used this mineral in the buildings of their city. Did these ancient architects know some long forgotten energy sources to use electricity in their cities?
Dog Death
Suicide of dogs on a bridge in Overtown, near Milton, Dumbarton, Scotland. Built in 1859, the Overtown Bridge is famous for its nearby unexplained cases when the dogs apparently committed suicide by jumping off it. These incidents were first documented in the 1950s or 1960s, when dogs - usually of the long-nosed species, like collies - were observed to quickly and unexpectedly jump off a bridge and fall fifty feet to their death.
fossil giants
The fossilized Irish giants were discovered in 1895 and are over 12 feet (3.6 m) tall. The giants were discovered during mining in Antrim, Ireland. This image is from the British magazine Strand, December 1895. “Height 12' 2", bust 6' 6", arm 4' 6". There are six toes on the right foot." The six fingers and toes are reminiscent of some characters from the Bible, where six-fingered giants are described.
Pyramids of Atlantis?
Scientists continue to explore the ruins of megaliths in the so-called Yucatan channel in the Cuban region. They have been found for many miles along the coast. The American archaeologists who discovered this site immediately declared that they had found Atlantis (not for the first time in the history of underwater archeology). Now the place is sometimes visited by scuba divers to admire the majestic underwater structures. All other interested parties can only enjoy the filming and computer reconstruction of the millennium-old city buried under water.
Giants in Nevada
A Nevada Indian legend about 12 foot red giants that lived in the area when they arrived. According to American Indian history, the giants were killed in the cave. During excavations in 1911, this human jaw was discovered. Here's what an artificial human jaw looks like next to it. In 1931, two skeletons were found at the bottom of the lake. One of them was 8 feet (2.4 m) high, the other - just under 10 (3 m).
inexplicable wedge
This aluminum wedge was found in Romania in 1974, on the banks of the Mures River, near the city of Aiud. They found it at a depth of 11 meters, next to the bones of Mastodon - a giant, elephant-like, extinct animal. The find itself is very reminiscent of the head of a huge hammer. At the archaeological institute of Cluj-Napoca, where the artifact supposedly went, it was determined that the metal from which this wedge was made is an aluminum alloy coated with a thick layer of oxide. The alloy contained 12 different elements, and the find was classified as strange, since aluminum was discovered only in 1808, and the age of this artifact, given its presence in the layer along with the remains of an extinct animal, is determined to be approximately 11 thousand years.
"Loladoff's Plate"
Loladoff's Plate is a 12,000 year old stone dish found in Nepal. It seems that Egypt is not the only place visited by aliens in ancient times. This clearly demonstrates the disk-shaped UFO. There is also a drawing on the disk. The character bears a striking resemblance to the aliens known as Grey.
Hammer made of the purest iron alloy
A puzzling riddle for science is ... an ordinary-looking hammer. The metal part of the hammer is 15 centimeters long and about 3 centimeters in diameter. It has literally grown into limestone about 140 million years old, and is stored along with a piece of rock. This miracle caught the eye of Mrs. Emma Hahn in June 1934 in the rocks near the American town of London, Texas. The experts who examined the find came to a unanimous conclusion: a hoax. However, further studies conducted by various scientific institutions, including the famous Battele Laboratory (USA), showed that everything is much more complicated. Firstly, the wooden handle, on which the hammer is mounted, has already petrified on the outside, and completely turned into coal inside. So, its age is also calculated in millions of years. Secondly, specialists from the Metallurgical Institute in Columbus (Ohio) were amazed by the chemical composition of the hammer itself: 96.6% iron, 2.6% chlorine and 0.74% sulfur. No other impurities could be identified. Such pure iron has not been obtained in the entire history of terrestrial metallurgy. Not a single bubble was found in the metal The quality of iron, even by modern standards, is exceptionally high and raises many questions, since the content of metals used in the metallurgical industry in the production of different grades of steel (such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, vanadium) is not detected or molybdenum). There are also no foreign impurities, and the percentage of chlorine is unusually high. It is also surprising that no traces of carbon have been found in iron, while iron ore from terrestrial deposits always contains carbon and other impurities. Generally speaking, from a modern point of view, it is not high quality. But here's the detail: the Texas hammer's iron doesn't rust! When in 1934 a piece of rock with an ingrown tool was chipped off the rock, the metal was badly scratched in one place. And over the past sixty-odd years, not the slightest sign of corrosion has appeared on the scratch ... According to Dr. K. E. Buff, director of the Museum of Fossil Antiquities, which houses this hammer, the find comes from the early Cretaceous period - from 140 to 65 million years ago . According to the current state scientific knowledge, humanity learned to make such tools only 10 thousand years ago. Dr. Hans-Joachim Zilmer from Germany, who studied the mysterious find in detail, concludes: "This hammer is made using a technology unknown to us."
The highest technology of stone processing
The second group of finds that pose mysteries to scientists are artifacts created after the time of the appearance of man on Earth, accepted today. But the technologies that were used in their creation became known to us relatively recently or are still unknown. The most famous find of this group can be called a crystal skull, found in 1927 in Belize during excavations of the Mayan city of Lubaantuma. The skull is carved from a piece of pure quartz and measures 12x18x12 centimeters. In 1970, the skull was analyzed in the Hewlett-Packard laboratory. The results were stunning. The skull was created without respecting the natural crystal axis, which is impossible in modern crystallography. When working on the skull, no metal instruments were used. According to the restorers, quartz was first cut with a diamond chisel, after which silicon crystalline sand was used for more thorough processing. It took about three hundred years to work on the skull, which can be taken as an incredible example of patience or recognize the use of high technology unknown to us. One of the Hewlett-Packard experts said that the creation of a crystal skull is not a matter of skill, patience and time, but that it is simply impossible.
fossil nail
However, most often objects are found in the rock, their appearance similar to nails and bolts. In the 16th century, the Viceroy of Peru kept in his office a piece of rock, which firmly held an 18-centimeter steel nail found in a local mine working. In 1869, in Nevada, a metal screw 5 centimeters long was found in a piece of feldspar, raised from a great depth. Skeptics believe that the appearance of these and many other objects can be explained by natural causes: a special kind of crystallization of mineral solutions and melts, the formation of pyrite rods in voids between crystals. But pyrite is iron sulfide, and at the break it is yellow (which is why it is often confused with gold) and has a clearly defined cubic structure. Eyewitnesses of the finds clearly speak of iron nails, sometimes covered with rust, and pyrite formations can be called gold rather than iron. There is also an assumption that the rod-shaped NIOs are the fossilized skeletons of belemnites (invertebrate marine animals that lived at the same time as dinosaurs). But the remains of belemnites are found only in sedimentary rocks and never in bedrocks, such as feldspar. In addition, they have a pronounced skeletal shape, and it is impossible to confuse them with something else. It is sometimes argued that nail-like NIOs are molten fragments of meteorites or fulgurites (thunderbolts) obtained by lightning strikes into rocks. However, finding such a fragment or trace left millions of years ago is extremely problematic. If the origin of the nail-shaped NIOs can still be argued, then some of the finds can only be shrugged.
ancient battery
In 1936, the German scientist Wilhelm Koenig, who worked at the Archaeological Museum of Baghdad, was brought a strange object that was found at the excavations of an ancient Parthian settlement near the Iraqi capital. It was a small clay vase about 15 centimeters high. Inside it was a cylinder made of sheet copper, its base was covered with a cap with a seal, on top of the cylinder was covered with a layer of resin, which also held an iron rod directed to the center of the cylinder. From all this, Dr. Koenig concluded that he had before him an electric battery, created almost two thousand years before the discoveries of Galvani and Volta. Egyptologist Arne Eggebrecht made an exact copy of the find, poured wine vinegar into a vase and connected measuring device, which showed a voltage of 0.5 V. Presumably, the ancients used electricity to apply a thin layer of gilding to objects.
The largest stone carved by man
The largest of all the stones carved by man is the stone of Lebanon. Its weight is 2000 tons. It was intended for Baalbek, which is 2 hours by car from Beirut. The terrace of Baalbek is built of stone blocks that reach 20 meters in length, 4.5 meters in height and 4 meters in length. These stone blocks weigh up to 2000 tons. The terrace is much older than the temple of Jupiter, located on it. I wonder how ancient people carved, and then transported and built from such stones? And today there are no technical means for the movement of such cargo.
Mechanism
Antikythera mechanism (other spellings: Antikythera, Andythera, Antikythera, Greek Μηχανισμός των Αντικυθήρων) is a mechanical device discovered in 1902 on an ancient shipwreck near the Greek island of Antikythera (Greek Αντ). Dated to around 100 BC. e. (perhaps before 150 BC). Stored in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. The mechanism contained 37 bronze gears in a wooden case, on which dials with arrows were placed and, according to reconstruction, was used to calculate the movement celestial bodies. Other devices of similar complexity are unknown in Hellenistic culture. It uses a differential gear, which was previously thought not to have been invented before the 16th century, and the level of miniaturization and complexity is comparable to mechanical watches of the 18th century. Approximate dimensions of the mechanism assembly 33×18×10 cm.
Figurines of astronauts from Ecuador
Figurines of ancient astronauts found in Ecuador. Age > 2000 years. In fact, there are plenty of such testimonies, if you want, read Erich Von Denikin. He has many books, one of the most famous is The Chariots of the Gods, which contains both physical evidence and deciphering of cuneiforms and so on, in general, it is quite interesting. True, it is contraindicated for ardent believers to read.
Every year is a crazy amount of time for one reason or another, and no one will deny it. Drug lords constantly manage to stage impossible escapes, Jon Snow from Game of Thrones is strangely reborn, and the most inexplicable objects we have ever seen are constantly found in the oceans. It seems that we have everything to think about, it seems that there is nothing to surprise us with!
And the more time passes, the less likely we are to solve some of the most mysterious secrets Earth. They accumulate for centuries! For example, the year 2016 is no different from all the previous ones, and a lot of inexplicable things also happened in the world. Here are 10 mysteries that prove our planet is a crazy place.
space junk
No wonder all kinds of space debris revolve around us. In fact, many of these items pose a real danger to astronauts and even the well-being of the Earth itself! In October 2016, scientists noticed a huge piece of space debris and named it WT1190F. Everyone thought that it would actually enter the Earth's atmosphere and fall directly into the Indian Ocean, but our earth shell is much stronger. The object was burned to the ground as soon as it approached Earth last November, but one thing is unclear - scientists still don't know what it was! They think it could be a rocket fragment, but they have no idea what it is. It's still a mystery!
Where is Hayat Boumedienne now?
The woman was charged in connection with the deadly terrorist attacks on Paris in January 2016. She was the wife of one of the three attackers who orchestrated this. While three of them were killed, Boumedienne escaped and her whereabouts are still unknown. Investigators believe that she went to Turkey and then went to Syria, where she allegedly hides from the authorities to this day. She is one of the most wanted criminals in the world!
An 8000 year old puzzle
Dmitry Day noticed these geoglyphs when he was looking for ancient pyramids using maps on the Internet. Scientists have no idea why they were built! The oldest of the objects was built 8000 years ago, and many believe that they were used to track the movements of the sun. NASA was so taken aback by this discovery that it is now working to unravel the mystery, using the latest technology in the process.
El Chapo's Great Escape
Nobody thought it was possible to break out of prison strict regime Altiplano, but the leader of the Mexican drug trade, Guzmán, also known as El Chapo, made this impossible escape. He drilled a hole in the shower chamber and escaped on a bicycle through a specially made underground tunnel! He was in a safe place long before the guards noticed that he was missing. This story deserves a TV show! Its whereabouts remained a mystery for a long time until it was re-captured during a raid by Mexican Marines.
Ghost ships filled with corpses
More than a dozen boats, which were filled with corpses, sailed to the northwestern coast of Japan. They were all filled with decomposing bodies, but there was no evidence that they had been killed and put into boats on purpose. The authorities could not understand the reason why people on wooden ships died, and also could not figure out where the ships came from. Some of them bore the remains of a North Korean flag, but investigators are still unable to figure out exactly what happened. The first boats appeared in 2013 and they are still coming to the shores!
Life on Saturn's moon
NASA's Cassini spacecraft reached Saturn and its 62 moons last October. The "brave" piece of space technology has even made a daring dive into an icy eruption on Enceladus, one of the planet's moons, which is an extraterrestrial ocean. Too bad Cassini isn't equipped with gadgets that can detect life forms.
120,000 antelopes died in just two weeks
More than a third of the entire population of antelopes died out in Kazakhstan in just two weeks. This is the biggest and most tragic case of its kind! Scientists still do not know what caused this, although it may have been due to significant biological and environmental issues. Many blame rocket fuel and noise pollution, which have been caused by many space rocket launches.
What happened to flight MH370?
Back in March 2014, a Boeing 777 took off on its flight MH370 from the Malaysian capital and disappeared from radar. The fact that the plane can disappear with everyone modern technologies shocked the whole world. A tiny piece of this aircraft recently appeared off the coast of Reunion Island in Indian Ocean. Investigators believe it's part of a flaperon from the plane. However, where the rest of this huge aircraft is is still unknown!
Siberian failures
Something really strange has been discovered on the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia. Due to an inexplicable explosion, a 100-meter hole appeared. After some time, there were several more failures. Scientists believe that gas explosions may be the cause of the formation of these holes. But they still don't know what specifically caused these holes to appear. They even sent a team to investigate one of these holes to confirm their theories, but alas! They still can't prove anything.
What is hidden under Stonehenge?
Good old Stonehenge still has a few tricks up its sleeve. New underground mapping technologies have revealed something really strange - it looks like there are shrines, pits and mounds hidden under the ruins of Stonehenge that are more than 5,000 years old. Historians have always thought it was a stand-alone structure, but a new study changes everything! This new information could completely change what we know about the Stonehenge complex.
Every year is a crazy amount of time for one reason or another, and no one will deny it. Drug lords constantly manage to stage impossible escapes, Jon Snow from Game of Thrones is strangely reborn, and the most inexplicable objects we have ever seen are constantly found in the oceans. It seems that we have everything to think about, it seems that there is nothing to surprise us with!
And the more time passes, the less chance we have of solving some of Earth's most perplexing mysteries. They accumulate for centuries! For example, the year 2017 is no different from all the previous ones, and a lot of inexplicable things also happened in the world. Here are 10 mysteries that prove our planet is a crazy place.
space junk
No wonder all kinds of space debris revolve around us. In fact, many of these items pose a real danger to astronauts and even the well-being of the Earth itself! In October 2016, scientists noticed a huge piece of space debris and named it WT1190F. Everyone thought that it would actually enter the Earth's atmosphere and fall directly into the Indian Ocean, but our earth shell is much stronger. The object was burned to the ground as soon as it approached Earth last November, but one thing is unclear - scientists still don't know what it was! They think it could be a rocket fragment, but they have no idea what it is. It's still a mystery!
Where is Hayat Boumedienne now?
The woman was charged in connection with the deadly terrorist attacks on Paris in January 2016. She was the wife of one of the three attackers who orchestrated this. While three of them were killed, Boumedienne escaped and her whereabouts are still unknown. Investigators believe that she went to Turkey and then went to Syria, where she allegedly hides from the authorities to this day. She is one of the most wanted criminals in the world!
An 8000 year old puzzle
Dmitry Day noticed these geoglyphs when he was looking for ancient pyramids using maps on the Internet. Scientists have no idea why they were built! The oldest of the objects was built 8000 years ago, and many believe that they were used to track the movements of the sun. NASA was so taken aback by this discovery that it is now working to unravel the mystery, using the latest technology in the process.
El Chapo's Great Escape
No one thought it was possible to break out of the Altiplano maximum security prison, but the leader of the Mexican drug trade Guzman, also known as El Chapo, made this impossible escape. He drilled a hole in the shower chamber and escaped on a bicycle through a specially made underground tunnel! He was in a safe place long before the guards noticed that he was missing. This story deserves a TV show! His whereabouts remained a mystery for a long time until he was recaptured during a raid by Mexican Marines.
Ghost ships filled with corpses
More than a dozen boats, which were filled with corpses, sailed to the northwestern coast of Japan. They were all filled with decomposing bodies, but there was no evidence that they had been killed and put into boats on purpose. The authorities could not understand the reason why people on wooden ships died, and also could not figure out where the ships came from. Some of them bore the remains of a North Korean flag, but investigators are still unable to figure out exactly what happened. The first boats appeared in 2013 and they are still coming to the shores!
Life on Saturn's moon
NASA's Cassini spacecraft reached Saturn and its 62 moons last October. The "brave" piece of space technology has even made a daring dive into an icy eruption on Enceladus, one of the planet's moons, which is an extraterrestrial ocean. Too bad Cassini isn't equipped with gadgets that can detect life forms.
120,000 antelopes died in just two weeks
More than a third of the entire population of antelopes died out in Kazakhstan in just two weeks. This is the biggest and most tragic case of its kind! Scientists still do not know what caused this, although it may have been due to significant biological and environmental issues. Many blame rocket fuel and noise pollution, which have been caused by many space rocket launches.
What happened to flight MH370?
Back in March 2014, a Boeing 777 took off on its flight MH370 from the Malaysian capital and disappeared from radar. The fact that the plane could disappear with all the modern technology shocked the whole world. A tiny piece of this aircraft recently appeared off the coast of Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean. Investigators believe it's part of a flaperon from the plane. However, where the rest of this huge aircraft is is still unknown!
Siberian failures
Something really strange has been discovered on the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia. Due to an inexplicable explosion, a 100-meter hole appeared. After some time, there were several more failures. Scientists believe that gas explosions may be the cause of the formation of these holes. But they still don't know what specifically caused these holes to appear. They even sent a team to investigate one of these holes to confirm their theories, but alas! They still can't prove anything.
What is hidden under Stonehenge?
Good old Stonehenge still has a few tricks up its sleeve. New underground mapping technologies have revealed something really strange - it looks like there are shrines, pits and mounds hidden under the ruins of Stonehenge that are more than 5,000 years old. Historians have always thought it was a stand-alone structure, but a new study changes everything! This new information could completely change what we know about the Stonehenge complex.
Scientists are constantly trying to unravel the mysteries of our planet. Today we decided to remember the most interesting riddles of the past, to which science has been able to find an answer.
1. The Secret of the Moving Rocks in Death Valley
At the bottom of the dried-up Lake Racetrack Playa there are so-called moving stones weighing up to 300 kg. Some invisible force made them move, leaving footprints in the dried mud. No one has ever seen these stones in motion. In 2011, scientists installed cameras and a weather station at the bottom of the lake to measure wind gusts. In December 2013, the mystery was revealed. After rains and snowfalls, the water level rose to 7 cm. At night, the water froze, forming floating ice floes, and then gusts of wind (15 km per hour) dispersed both ice floes and stones. Traces of the movement of stones became visible later, when the bottom of the lake dried up.
2. How the weight of the giraffe is supported by its thin legs
Giraffes weigh about 1000 kg, and they have incredibly thin leg bones that do not break under such weight. Scientists studied the limbs of giraffes (samples from dead animals), subjecting them to weight loads, but they did not break and remained in an upright position. The reason for endurance lies in the supporting ligament (fibrous tissue that connects the bones) that runs the entire length of the giraffe's lower leg bones. The ligament provides support because it is an elastic tissue, not a muscle. The animal does not get tired because it does not use the muscles to support the weight.
3. Singing sand dunes
There are 35 sand dunes in the world that can "sing". This singing is more like a deep cello sound. At first, scientists thought that the sound was generated by the vibrations of the lower layers of the dune, but then this sound was recreated in the laboratory by allowing the sand to roll down the sloping surface. Actually, it is the sand that “sings”. Sound is the vibration of rolling grains of sand. The speed of the moving sand also matters. When grains of sand are the same size, then they have the same speed. When the grains of sand are different, they move at different speeds, resulting in a wider sound range.
4. Bermuda Triangle for carrier pigeons
This puzzle originated in the 1960s when a professor was studying the ability of pigeons to find their way home from previously unknown places. He released pigeons all over the state of New York and they all made it home, except for the birds released in Jersey Hill. Today this secret is revealed, although the controversy around it is still ongoing. Bird navigation can be called an internal biological compass and map. A compass is the position of the Sun or the Earth's magnetic field, and a map is infrasound (low frequency sound), a kind of radio beacon. When the birds got lost in Jersey Hill, the infrasound signal was high in the atmosphere due to temperature and wind, so the pigeons couldn't hear it.
5. The unique origin of the only active volcano in Australia
Australia's only active volcanic region stretches for 500 km from Melbourne to Mount Gambier. During the last 4 million years, about 400 volcanic events have been recorded with the last eruption about 5000 years ago. The answer of scientists is this: most volcanoes on Earth are located at the edges of tectonic plates, which are constantly moving in the upper part of the Earth's mantle. But in Australia, the reason for this is fluctuations in the thickness of the mainland and its slow drift to the north (7 cm per year).
6. Fish that live well in polluted water
From the 1940s until the 1970s, factories dumped polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into the harbor of New Bedford, Massachusetts. Eventually, the harbor was declared a Superfund cleanup area. However, local waters have become a biological mystery, to which, perhaps, the answer has already been found. Despite the high level of toxic pollution, the small Atlantic geterandria fish continued to live and actively breed in the harbor, which simply genetically mutated, adapting to PCBs and learning to metabolize them. It is possible that these fish now simply will not be able to live in clean water.
7. How underwater waves are formed
Underwater waves (internal waves) are hidden from our eyes. They raise the waters of the ocean by 5-10 cm, so only a satellite can fix them. The largest internal waves (up to 170 m) are formed in the Luzon Strait between Taiwan and the Philippines, they mix the less saline and warm upper ocean waters with salty and cold deep water, distributing heat throughout the entire thickness of the world's oceans. Scientists have long wanted to unravel the mystery of their formation, so they conducted experiments in a laboratory tank. Internal waves were generated using cold deep water pressure on two ridges located on the bottom simulation model.
8. Why are zebras striped?
There are many theories about zebra stripes. Some believe that the stripes are camouflage or a way to mislead predators. Others believe that the stripes help the zebra to regulate its body temperature or identify its conspecifics. As a result of studying zebras, horses and donkeys, scientists have come to some conclusions. Comparing information about the color, location and size of stripes on the bodies of zebras with a map of the habitat of tsetse flies and horseflies, they made a statement that zebras are vulnerable to insect bites, because their stripes of different widths repel blood-sucking flies that carry diseases.
9. Mass extinction of about 90% of the species of living organisms on Earth
About 252 million years ago there was a "Great extinction" of 90% of the species of living organisms on Earth. This is an ancient detective story, in which both asteroids and volcanoes were suspects. However, the culprit turned out to be a single-celled microbe of methanosarcine, which feeds on carbon compounds and releases methane. In the Permian period, metasarcina survived a gene mutation that allowed it to absorb the acetate contained in organic matter. As a result, the population of microbes has grown, spewing huge quantities methane into the atmosphere and acidifying the ocean. Most of the plants and animals on land and in the sea perished.
10. Origin of the Earth's oceans
Water covers 70% of our planet's surface. Initially, scientists believed that the Earth was dry, and water appeared on it much later as a result of collisions with asteroids and "wet" comets. However, new research has shown that the Earth originally had water on its surface. Scientists compared two groups of meteorites: the most ancient carbonaceous chondrites and meteorites from the asteroid Vesta. Both types of meteorites are similar in chemical composition and contain a lot of water. For this reason, researchers believe that the Earth formed already with water from carbonaceous chondrites about 4.6 billion years ago.
