Volga preserves. Unified route Reserves and national parks of the Volga region on the map

It is obvious that such an association has two goals. The first one is ecological-organizational. At the level of neighboring regions, it is now easier and cheaper to solve some of the tasks facing environmental structures than through the federal center. For example, organize joint training of new employees of national parks. “Firstly, new people come to national parks, and secondly, new specialties appear. For example, we have a tourism engineer ... or before there were foresters, and now state inspectors who are called upon to protect the forest and explain to others what its value is. The training of one specialist in Moscow will cost 60 thousand rubles, and local level– three times cheaper,” says the director of the Samara National Park. The second goal is to coordinate actions to organize new ecological tourist routes.

Organized "domestic" tourism in Russia is still significantly inferior to the tourist flow outside its borders, although in recent times and there has been a trend towards an increase in interest in natural and man-made attractions within the fatherland. And every Russian region now declares the development of tourism as one of the main "points of growth" regional economies and places. Naturally, at the same time, everyone "pulls the blanket" on himself, proving that he has the best nature, the lowest prices and the most friendly attitude towards visitors. Tataria was especially successful in this, which is trying to position itself as a tourist and organizational center for at least the entire Volga region. For this, by the way, she has certain reasons, ranging from holding the world's largest sports competitions in Kazan, ending with the fact that, according to the results of the interactive survey "Wonders of the Volga region - with your own eyes!" travel association "Privolzhye", the list of the seven main "miracles" of the Volga region included three from Tatarstan - the island-town of Sviyazhsk, the Kazan Kremlin and ancient city Bulgar.

Obviously, the national parks of the Volga region decided to keep up with the business of attracting tourists. However natural conditions"Samarskaya bow" (Samara region), "Buzuluk boron" (border of Samara and Orenburg regions), "Bashkiria" (Bashkiria), "Nechkinsky" (Udmurtia), "Lower Kama" (Tataria), "Smolny" (Mordovia), "Mari Chodry" (Mari El) and "Chavash Varmane" (Chuvashia) are approximately the same. It's all about the "highlights" and the level of comfort for tourists. And representatives of the parks, obviously, decided that some potential tourists would be more willing to collect eight "highlights" than admire one for a long time and with inspiration.

The nature reserves of Samara and the entire Volga region aim to preserve the beauties of nature that have come down to us in their original form, devoid of human intervention, they succeed, so there are frequent guests here - tourists, nature lovers native land. The reserves of Samara and the Volga region as a whole are protected reserved places. Although they are small in size, they are quite numerous and are famous for their diverse landscapes. They are located mainly on the territory of the Volga region and the Southern Trans-Urals. Among them are such as the Bashkir, Mordovian, Zhigulevsky, Orenburg reserves, the Kerzhensky biosphere reserve, the Mari Chodro national parks of the Republic of Mari El and the Nizhnyaya Kama of the Republic of Tatarstan.

All reserves of the Volga region were formed in different years, but people have always understood the importance of preserving and restoring the unique nature of these places. Each of the reserves has its own attractions.

For the Bashkir State Reserve, organized in 1930, this is the Shulgan-Tash cave with stalagmites, stalactites, calcite flowers and cave pearls. It is the third largest cave in the republic, the total length of the passages of which is 2640 meters, the area is 20200 square meters, the volume is 105000 cubic meters. Created three years earlier, in the zone of mixed coniferous-deciduous forests of the Samara region, designed to preserve the natural complexes of Samarskaya Luka in their natural state, the Zhigulevsky Reserve is closed to the public. Tourists can only visit the highest peak of the Zhiguli (375 meters above sea level) - this is Mount Strelnaya. In the Nizhny Novgorod region there is a reserve named after the flowing river Kerzhenets - "Kerzhensky". The Republic of Mari El is famous for its national park "Mari Chodro" or "Mari Forest", as well as botanical natural monuments "Maple Mountain" and "Pugachev's Oak".

The reserves of Samara and other reserves of the Volga region listed above are only a small part of these unique natural monuments that preserve it in its original form for true connoisseurs of its untold riches.

Tatarstan is a region with endless forests, spacious well-groomed fields, deep rivers, numerous springs and lakes. The nature of this region is rich in deciduous and coniferous forests, which are the habitat of a variety of forest inhabitants, and the most beautiful numerous reservoirs are full of the most different types fish.

The reserves of Tatarstan include beautiful ice lakes, deep caves, forests and other natural objects. Having been here, you can feel all the magical power and power of nature.

general information

What reserves and national parks are there in Tatarstan? The natural reserve fund of Tatarstan includes a total of 154 specially protected natural objects, including the following:

State Volga-Kama Biosphere Reserve;
"Lower Kama" - state national park;
24 different types of natural state reserves regional significance;
natural monuments (total 127) of regional significance, including 64 water (springs, lakes, rivers) and 63 land;
one natural, specially protected area of local importance.

All of them occupy an area of 133,625 hectares, which is about 2% of the entire area of the republic.

Below is a list of the most significant nature reserves and national parks in Tatarstan. On the territory of the republic, the Volga-Kama Reserve and the Nizhnyaya Kama National Park are especially large and important natural objects (for more information about them, see the article below).

List of national reserves of Tatarstan

Bilyar State Historical-Archaeological and Natural Museum-Reserve (village of Bilyarsk).
Historical and architectural Bulgarian museum-reserve (Spassky district).
Volga-Kama State Natural Biosphere Reserve (Raifsky area).
Yelabuga Historical, Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve (city of Yelabuga).
Iske-Kazan Historical, Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve (v. Kamaevo).
The Kazan Kremlin is a historical, architectural and art museum-reserve (Kazan).

Among the large natural areas protected by the state is the Nizhnyaya Kama (a national park near the city of Yelabuga).

Let us present in more detail the two most significant natural objects for the republic and the whole country.

Volga-Kama Nature Reserve of Tatarstan

In the eastern territory of the European part of Russia (the east of the Republic of Tatarstan), where the Kama flows into the Volga and where the border between the forest and steppe zones is located, the Volga-Kama Reserve extends. It consists of 2 separate sections: Saralovsky (Laishevsky district of the republic) and Raifsky.

The unique reserve of Tatarstan was founded in 1960. The purpose of its creation is the study and preservation of the natural complexes of the Trans-Volga region.

The Saralovsky section, which includes the water area of the Kuibyshev reservoir, has its own characteristics. Here you can observe the life of animals in natural conditions.

The main attraction of this site is the white-tailed eagle bird (listed in the International Red Book). There is a specially equipped place where you can admire this rare bird, flights of gulls, kites and other birds. Here, it is quite common to see an elk swimming across the channel, a raccoon dog and a beaver.

The area of the entire reserve is 10 thousand hectares.

Raifa section

This part of the reserve is located on the territory of the Zelenodolsky district. Its natural zone is a real pearl of the Volga region. It's hard to find a place like it. In a relatively small area, forests of almost all types characteristic of central Russia grow, as well as plantations that are more than 250-300 years old.

What is one Lake Raifskoe worth - a wonderful reservoir with dark blue water! On the territory of the site there are also lakes formed as a result of karst processes, and sphagnum bogs, reserves of relics of the glacial era.

The Raifa Dendrological Garden (area - 3.5 hectares) in its departments presents Asian and American vegetation for visitors. In total, more than 500 species of shrubs and trees grow here - the largest collection in the entire Volga region.

On the territory of the protected zone of this site there is a unique historical architectural monument of the 17th century - the male Raifa Bogoroditsky Monastery.

The Raifa Museum of Nature exhibits more than 50 species of the inhabitants of the reserve. The complex is equipped with multimedia equipment that allows showing films and lecturing on natural topics.

Nizhnyaya Kama National Park

The park is located on the territory of 2 administrative districts of Tatarstan: Tukaevsky and Yelabuga. There are several water (Kriushe and Kama rivers) and land (through forests) routes for tourists on the territory of the park.

The territory occupies a section of the lower reaches of the Kama and, in its relief, is a dissected stepped plain with watershed heights up to 165 meters on average. Feature- wide development of a ravine-beam network, mainly tied to the right, higher bank of the Kama.

The fauna is represented by representatives of the animal world typical for the eastern part of central Russia, but taiga and steppe species of mammals and birds give it a special flavor: chipmunk, red-backed vole, steppe lemming, hoopoe, roller roll.

The park was founded in April 1991. Its area is 26.2 hectares. The park is located not far from the cities of Nizhnekamsk, Yelabuga and Naberezhnye Chelny.

It should be noted that there are about 80 archaeological sites near the city of Yelabuga: Yelabuga site of the Bronze Age (2000 BC); Neolithic site (3000 BC); Elabuga or Devil's settlement (VIII-XIII centuries AD); Tanai settlement and its dwellings; several cemeteries.

Conclusion

All the reserves that exist in Tatarstan store a huge natural wealth and important information about the most ancient historical events, about the culture of past times, traditions and customs of the peoples who once lived in these most beautiful places rich in natural gifts.

And today, a huge work is being carried out in the republic on a national scale to increase such sites in order to preserve and enhance the natural and historical heritage.

In the north of the Saratov region, at the junction of the Middle and Lower Volga regions, there is the only national park in the Lower Volga region - the Khvalynsky National Park. It was formed in 1994. In the north of the Saratov region, at the junction of the Middle and Lower Volga regions, there is the only national park in the Lower Volga region - the Khvalynsky National Park. It was formed in 1994.

The uniqueness of its nature is due to the fact that the Khvalynsky mountains, within which the park is located, are the highest in the Volga Upland. The Khvalynsk Volga region is a typical and at the same time extremely peculiar corner of the southeastern part of the Russian Plain. The Khvalynsk mountains bear all its features in the most expressive form. The uniqueness of its nature is due to the fact that the Khvalynsky mountains, within which the park is located, are the highest in the Volga Upland. The Khvalynsk Volga region is a typical and at the same time extremely peculiar corner of the southeastern part of the Russian Plain. The Khvalynsk mountains bear all its features in the most expressive form.

Forest and forest-steppe geo-ecosystems on carbonate and siliceous rocks are the most interesting valuable component of the natural heritage of the park, its main natural and recreational resource. Forest and forest-steppe geo-ecosystems on carbonate and siliceous rocks are the most interesting valuable component of the natural heritage of the park, its main natural and recreational resource.

The central part of the park (Water Dividing Massif) occupies the main watershed of the Khvalynsk Mountains. This is the most elevated part of the territory, where individual hills reach m. absolute height, which is the highest mark. The central part of the park (Water Dividing Massif) occupies the main watershed of the Khvalynsk Mountains. This is the most elevated part of the territory, where individual hills reach m. absolute height, which is the highest mark.

The western part of the park (Western macroslope) has a relatively smooth relief with gentle and poorly covered slopes, dissected by long beams flowing into the river. Tereshka. The western part of the park (Western macroslope) has a relatively smooth relief with gentle and poorly covered slopes, dissected by long beams flowing into the river. Tereshka.

The eastern part of the park (Eastern macroslope and terraces of the Volga River) consists of two sections - a steep eastern slope, with gullies and ravines deeply cut into the thickness of the Cretaceous rocks, and the foot of the slope. The eastern part of the park (Eastern macroslope and terraces of the Volga River) consists of two sections - a steep eastern slope, with gullies and ravines deeply cut into the thickness of the Cretaceous rocks, and the foot of the slope.

53 species of mammals were reliably found on the territory of the National Park "Khvalynsky": 5 - insectivorous, 9 - bats, 2 - hares, 23 - rodents, 10 - carnivores, 4 - artiodactyls. 53 species of mammals were reliably found on the territory of the National Park "Khvalynsky": 5 - insectivorous, 9 - bats, 2 - hares, 23 - rodents, 10 - carnivores, 4 - artiodactyls.

Recreational area Middle Volga

Geographical position

This area includes the territories of the Ulyanovsk, Samara, Saratov regions and. It is located in the southeast of the European part of Russia in the middle course of the river. Volga. It borders with Kazakhstan. The Volga River flows through the district, which divides the territory into two parts: the Left Bank and the Right Bank.

Natural recreational resources

landscapes

The area is located on the East European Plain. The right bank of the Volga is elevated and hilly (up to 379 m), the Volga and Zhiguli Uplands are located here. The surface of the left-bank part is a gently sloping plain.

Bioclimate

For climatic conditions The territory of the Middle Volga region is characterized by an increase in continentality from the northwest to the southeast, so the climate varies from temperate continental to continental.

Insolation and ultraviolet regimes of solar radiation are quite sufficient. Summers are warm and moderately cold winters. The average temperature in July is from +19° C to +22° C, the average temperature in January is from -12° C to -14° C. The average rainfall is from 350 to 700 mm.

In the region almost every summer there are periods with very hot dry weather, when the temperature fluctuates from +28°С to +33°С. The discomfort of summer heat is mitigated by the moist breath of water bodies.

Snow cover forms after mid-November and melts in the first half of April. The duration of the snow cover is 140-150 days a year, the average height is 35-45 cm.

Hydro resources

The Volga is the most significant water artery; three large reservoirs have been created on it - Kuibyshev, Saratov and Volgograd. On the Kama River there is the Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. Reservoirs are not only a favorite place for recreation, but also form a healing microclimate, softening the summer heat.

The main rivers of the Middle Volga region - the Volga and Kama - are the main cruise lines of the European part of Russia. Cruise routes pass through them with access to the Caspian, Azov and Baltic Seas.

Hydromineral resources

Local hydro-mineral resources contributed to the recreational development of the territory. Of the mineral waters, the most common are hydrogen sulfide sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous sodium chloride.

In the XIX century. in the Samara province, the resort "Sergievsky Mineralnye Vody" was organized. There are no analogues in Russia to the Sergievsky waters, which is why the resort with the same name was included in the list of unique resorts in Russia. In Tatarstan, the sulfide waters of the Bakirovo resort are the most famous. In the Saratov region, sources of sulfide mineral waters were brought out near the city of Engels. In the Ulyanovsk region, there is a rare type of water - sulfide bromide sodium chloride, which is used for treatment in the Bely Yar sanatorium. Drinking mineral water "Volzhanka" of the Undory resort in the Ulyanovsk region is recognized as one of the best mineral waters in the treatment of diseases of the urinary organs.

The most famous are deposits of sulfide silt therapeutic mud of lakes Molochka, Teplovka, Solodovka of the Sergievsky Mineralnye Vody resort in the Samara region. Therapeutic mud is used in the mud baths of the resort and other sanatoriums of the Samara region, for example, the Volga region sanatorium in Samara. Widely used for the treatment of sapropels of the White Lake in the sanatorium "Pribrezhny" in the Ulyanovsk region.

Blue clays: Kimeridzhskaya blue clay of the Undorovsky deposit (Undory resort, Ulyanovsk region), deposits in the region: Vostochy village, B-Chernigov district, with. Alexandrovka, Syzran region. Blue clay, mined in the deposits of the Ulyanovsk and Samara regions, has an anti-inflammatory effect, which is especially effective for skin lesions and in cosmetology.

In 1854 in the village. Bogdanovka, Samara province, the first koumiss treatment sanatorium was opened in Russia. In May 1863 E.N. Annaev founded the koumiss medical institution "Annaevskaya Dacha". In the koumiss clinic, koumiss was prepared and used for treatment. From Samara, koumiss was exported to England, Poland, Holland. Now seasonal koumiss treatment is carried out in the sanatoriums "White Lake" of the Ulyanovsk region, "Yutazinskaya koumiss treatment center" - the Republic of Tatarstan.

Bioresources

Most of the territory is occupied by the plains of the forest and forest-steppe zone. The forest-steppes of the northern regions turn into steppes in the south.

The fauna of the area is quite diverse, due to the presence of various natural zones. especially rich animal world forest-steppes. Squirrel, lynx, marten, wild boar, ermine, weasel, badger live in oak forests and pine forests. There are numerous waterfowl and marsh-shore birds. Many species of birds are listed in the Red Book. There are a golden eagle, a burial ground, a black stork, a falcon, as well as rare taiga hazel grouses, capercaillie, and black grouse. There are 46 species of fish in the Volga. In the steppe regions of the region, reptiles and various types of rodents predominate among the representatives of the fauna; hares, foxes, and elks live in the forest belts.

For recreation great importance has a national natural park "Samarskaya Luka". On its territory there are 54 species of mammals, about 200 species of birds, among which are rare ones: golden eagle, peregrine falcon, saker falcon.

The uniqueness of the Saratov region lies in the fact that 80-85% of the Russian bustard population nests here, therefore the Saratovsky federal nature reserve was created, and the Khvalynsky national park is also located on the territory of the region.

On the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan are located: the Volga-Kama Reserve, which is distinguished by great biodiversity, and the Nizhnyaya Kama National Park, where there are more than 80 archaeological sites associated with the sites of ancient man.

On the territory of the Ulyanovsk region there are protected areas: the national park "Sengileevsky mountains", the reserve "Privolzhskaya forest-steppe" and "Coast of eagles".

natural attractions

Many natural objects of the recreational area of the Middle Volga region are natural monuments and are under state protection. One of the famous - Samarskaya Luka - natural object, which is a peninsula with an area of over 1500 km², limited by the bend of the Volga River and its tributaries. This unique complex of wildlife is characterized by unique relief forms, a peculiar microclimate, the presence of interesting geological formations, numerous natural and historical monuments.

Cultural and historical potential

Within the districts there are big number ancient Russian cities: Syzran, Ulyanovsk (Simbirsk), Samara, Saratov. Because of this, the cultural and historical potential of the region is quite extensive. It is represented by architectural monuments of a secular and religious nature, local history museums, memorial places, etc. Attractive objects are the magnificent embankments of the Saara and the longest pedestrian street in Russia in Saratov.

Various festivals are held here: art song named after Valery Grushin (Samara region), theaters of small towns in the city of Balakovo ( Saratov region), the ethnic festival "Krutushka" (Tatarstan), the Cossack festival "Twelve Pearls", etc.

At present, the number of objects of cultural and historical value in Tatarstan is approaching 7,000. There are more than a hundred museums here, the Kazan Kremlin Ensemble, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, Kazan University, Bulgary, Sviyazhsk Island, Yelabuga State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve, Raifa Bogoroditsky Monastery, etc. It is worth noting that the city thousand years of history, with beautiful architectural ensembles. Architectural and historical symbol capital - the Kazan Kremlin, erected on a hill above the Kazanka River. On the territory of the republic, the remains of the cities of the Volga-Kama Bulgaria (X-XIII centuries) have been preserved. Significant events, such as the millennium of the city in 2005 or the XXVII World Summer Universiade in 2013, greatly contribute to the development of the tourism industry in Kazan.

The city of Ulyanovsk (Simbirsk) is rich in architectural monuments. This is the birthplace of the organizer of the October Revolution V.I. Lenin, the largest memorial and museum complex operates here. Interesting places where A.S. Pushkin, house-monument I.A. Goncharov, museums of the city (Local History, Art, Architecture, Civil Aviation, etc.). Also in Ulyanovsk, survival races, UAZ races are held. More than 30 years on Ulyanovsk land The final stage Russian Autocross Championship.

Infrastructure

The level of the recreational network in the area has increased significantly in recent years. Around the cities, recreation centers and sanatoriums-professional-laktoriums are reopening. The capacity of all tourism institutions is quite large.

Transport accessibility of the recreational area of the Middle Volga region - regular air, rail, road traffic, several ports of cruise calls on the river. Volga (Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Samara, Togliatti, etc.).

The main tourist centers of the region are: Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Samara.

In 2008 Ulyanovsk, Samara region and the Republic of Tatarstan signed an agreement on cooperation in the field of tourism. Work is underway to develop wedding and family tourism (project "River family life"), gastronomic tourism (the "Chocolate River, Biscuit Banks" project), health tourism (the "Living River" project). Tours to aerospace museums are being prepared (the "River Leaving into the Sky" project). They plan to develop a unified standard for serving tourists , jointly negotiate with domestic and foreign tour operators, perform at tourist exhibitions with one Volga stand, combine sanatoriums and rest houses into the Volga health resorts network.

Types of tourism developed in the recreational area of the Middle Volga region: