» . This is a very important concept. Features of the climate, flora and fauna depend on the geographical location. It also depends on the nature of human economic activity.

Definition 1

Geographical position- this is the position of any geographical object relative to other geographical data.

The concept of "geographical location" includes the following components:

• physical and geographical position;
• economic and geographical position;
• political and geographical position.

In this article we will try to consider the features of the physical and geographical position of Russia. There is a certain plan for characterizing the physical-geographical position (FGP) of any territory.

1. position on the mainland.
2. Access to the seas and oceans.
3. prevailing latitudes. "Important" parallels and meridians crossing the territory of the country.
4. Natural boundaries (if any).
5. extreme points of the territory.

Based on this algorithm, we will characterize the features of the FGP of Russia.

The position of the country on the mainland

Russia lies in the northeast of Eurasia. It is simultaneously located in two parts of the world - in the east of Europe and in the north of Asia. Its extreme northern point and extreme eastern point are simultaneously the extreme points of the Eurasian continent.

On the territory of Russia is geographic center Asia. It is located on the banks of the Yenisei River, in the city of Kyzyl (the capital of Tuva). Passes through the country Arctic Circle. About $20$% of the territory lies in the polar latitudes. The bulk of the country's area lies between $50^\circ$ and $70^\circ$ s. w .. This is - temperate latitudes. This means that most of Russia is characterized by a temperate climate and a change of seasons.

Russia is located (like the whole of Eurasia) to the north of the equator. In the east (through Chukotka) its territory is crossed by $180$-th meridian. This means that Russia lies simultaneously in the eastern and western hemispheres. Most of the territory is in the eastern hemisphere.

The area of ​​Russia is about $17$ million $km^2$. This exceeds the area of ​​all other European countries combined. The area of ​​Russia can be compared with such a continent as South America, the area of ​​which is $18$ million $km^2$.

Features of natural boundaries

The natural borders of the country are clearly defined in the north and east. These are the coasts of the seas of the Arctic and Pacific oceans. In the west, southwest and south there are no clearly defined physical and geographical boundaries (mountains, rivers), except for the Main Range in the Caucasus. In Siberia, the border with the southern neighbors runs along the system of mountains of Central Asia and Transbaikalia. The coastline is very indented along its entire length.

extreme points

Russia's borders have been formed over centuries of history. The extreme northern and eastern points are well expressed on the ground. And the western and southern ones were designated only in recent times. The reason is that the borders between the union republics in former USSR were of an administrative nature and were determined very formally. With the breakup Soviet Union I had to carry out a lot of political, organizational and geodetic work to clarify the borders of the country.

To date, the following extreme points of Russia have been identified:

• northern mainland - Cape Chelyuskin($77^\circ$ N, $104^\circ$ E);
• northern island - Cape Fligeli$(81^\circ$ N, $58^\circ$ E);
• eastern mainland - Cape Dezhnev($66^\circ$ N, $169^\circ 39´$ W);
• eastern island - Ratmanov island($65^\circ$ N, $169^\circ$ W);
• western - sandbar in the Gulf of Gdansk the Baltic Sea in the Kaliningrad region ($54^\circ$ N, $19^\circ$ E);
• the western point of the compact territory is on the border with Estonia, at the junction of the borders of Russia, Estonia and Latvia ($55^\circ$ N, $27^\circ $E);
• southern - Mount Bazarduzu($41^\circ$ N, $47^\circ$ E).

If we measure the distance between the extreme points, we get the result:

• from west to east, the territory of Russia stretches for almost $10,000$ km;
• from north to south - about $4000$ km.

This influences the formation of climatic differences at one latitude. The large length from west to east causes a temporary difference in different parts of the country (the presence of time zones).

From extreme eastern point on Ratmanov Island and the northernmost point on the Rybachy Peninsula (on Kola Peninsula) before north pole, the border of the Arctic possessions of Russia passes along the meridians.

We see that not a single state in the world can be compared with Russia in terms of the peculiarities of its physical and geographical position.

Physical and geographical position of Canada

Physically, Canada can be divided into five parts: the Appalachian-Acadian region (southeast), the Canadian Shield, the Interior Lowlands, the Great Plains (in the center) and the Cordillera (to the west).

The lands of Canada are a complex geological structure with rocks of various ages. Next to the ancient Canadian Shield are the young Cordilleras.

More than half of the country is occupied by the Laurentian Plateau, which is part of the Canadian Shield. It still bears traces of recent glaciation: smooth rocks, moraines, chains of lakes. The plateau is a gently undulating plain.

This is the most unsuitable part of the country for human habitation, but it has huge reserves of minerals.

Both from the north and from the south, the Laurentian Plateau is surrounded by vast lowlands - the Interior Plains, the Laurentian Lowland, and the lowland of the Hudson Strait. They represent a typical picture of the Canadian landscape and they brought fame to Canada as a spacious country with favorable climatic and geographical conditions.

The steppes are mostly located in the south of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, which are called the steppe provinces. The Laurentian lowland is in favorable climatic conditions- temperate climate and fertile soil. Here is the economic center of the country.

The Appalachian Mountains are located in southeastern Canada. They are rich in minerals. The average height of the mountain range does not exceed 600 m. To the northwest of the Appalachian Mountains lies the Canadian Shield, which consists mainly of granites and gneisses. There are many swamps, lakes, rapids rivers. From the west and south, the Canadian Shield is bordered by a chain of lakes - from the Great Bear to the Great Lakes.

To the west of the Canadian Shield are the Great Plains. Their southern part - the Interior Lowlands - is the agricultural center of the country, 75% of all cultivated land. On the coast Pacific Ocean the Cordillera stretched for 2.5 thousand km from north to south and 750 km from west to east. In the east they are called the Rocky Mountains, in the west they are called the Coast Range. The average height of the mountains is 2-3 thousand meters above sea level.

Although most of the land is occupied by lakes and lowlands overgrown with forests, Canada also has mountain ranges, plains and even a small desert. The Great Plains, or prairies, cover Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and parts of Alberta. Now it is the main agricultural land of the country.

Western Canada is known for its Rocky Mountains, while to the east are the country's most important cities, as well as Niagara Falls. The Canadian Shield, an ancient mountainous region formed over 2.5 billion years ago, covers most of the north of the country. In the arctic region, only tundra can be found, which breaks up into islands to the north, covered with ice almost all year round.

most high point Canada is Mount Logan with a height of 5950 m above sea level. The main natural resources are nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, coal, oil, natural gas.

The land suitable for cultivation is only 5% of the territory of Canada. Another 3% of the land is used for pastures. Forests and forest plantations occupy 54% of the entire territory of Canada. The irrigated land is only 7100 sq. km.

The concept of "Physical and geographical position of the mainland." The physical and geographical position of the mainland is the position of the mainland relative to the surface of the Earth, other geographical objects that affect its nature. How does geographical location affect the nature of the mainland? The amount of solar heat and precipitation received by the surface of the mainland, their distribution over the seasons, depends on the geographical location. The climate determines the nature of the soil cover, the location of natural areas with various flora and fauna. slide 4.

slide 4 from the presentation "Geographical position of the southern continents". The size of the archive with the presentation is 1839 KB.

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The CER as a whole is characterized by a flat relief, due to the peculiarities of the geological structure. This territory in tectonic terms is part of the vast Russian platform. Although the Center as a whole is a flat region, within its boundaries one can quite clearly distinguish areas of different relief. In the northwest is the Valdai Upland, which is adjoined by vast lowlands. To the south in a latitudinal direction through Smolensk, Vyazma and further stretches the Smolensk Upland. In the south-west, the Dnieper lowland comes to the edge of the Center. In the south-east of the Center, one of the links of the vast belt of lowlands is represented, one of which is the Meshcherskaya lowland. The southern part of the Center lies within the Central Russian Upland, which in the east passes into the Oka-Don Lowland. The lowest part of the region is the valley of the Oka River.

Climate.

The Center area lies within the Atlantic-continental climatic region of the temperate zone. It is characterized by not too cold winters and warm, but not excessively hot summers. In all seasons, westerly winds prevail, bringing air of Atlantic origin. Most low temperatures are observed in January: on average from -8° in the west to -12° in the east of the region. In summer, the differences within the region are much smaller than in winter: from +18° in the northwest to +20° in the southeast. The annual amplitude of air temperature in the Center is relatively small (26-30°). The average duration of the frost-free period is 125-140 days for an open flat place, and the sum of temperatures during this time is 1800-2300 °, which makes it possible to successfully cultivate most of the cereals, potatoes, vegetables, forage grasses, and flax in the Center. The average annual rainfall is 450-600 mm.

At the same time, the CER became a border region: it borders on Belarus and Ukraine. Of the Russian regions, the CER borders on the North-Western, Northern, Volga-Vyatka, Volga and Central Black Earth regions, with which intensive economic relations are developing and interregional associations are formed.

Hydrography.

Surface water sources of the region are represented by an extensive river network belonging to the basins of the Caspian, Black and Baltic Seas. The availability of surface water resources in the territory of the region decreases from the north-north-west to the south-south-east. Most major rivers district - the Volga with tributaries of the Oka, Mologa, Kostroma and others, the Dnieper with the Desna, the Western Dvina, the Don. However, as a result of the position in the region of the main watersheds, there are no particularly large drains in the Center - all significant rivers flow here in their upper reaches, gaining full strength already outside the region. Navigable rivers - Volga, Oka, Moscow. Other rivers of the region are not of great transport importance and mainly play the role of local sources of water supply. Lakes are numerous, but not large. The northern half of the region is characterized by significant waterlogging. Almost everywhere there are thousands of large and small swamps.

Soddy-podzolic soils are most characteristic of most of the region (to the north of the Oka). A fairly wide distribution of podzolic-boggy soils is associated with a strong swampiness of the northern part of the region. Massifs of dark-colored, more fertile gray forest soils stand out as peculiar “islands” among podzolic soils. The southern part of the Center differs sharply in soils from its main territory. Here are much more fertile gray forest soils and chernozems, which have long been intensively plowed up and have lost some of their natural fertility.

The central region is located in two natural zones:

Forest-steppe, which occupies its middle and southern part (eastern Podolia and Dnieper), and Forest (Central Polesie).

Among the natural factors that influence the formation of the regional economic complex, highest value have soil-climatic, mineral raw materials, forest and water resources, relief. The combination of all these factors creates extremely favorable conditions for the development of many industries and agriculture, the formation of complex and diverse sectoral and intersectoral territorial complexes, in particular, fuel and energy, agro-industrial, timber, construction and industrial.

Russia is a great country that is famous for its unusual and rich history. It was in this state that many of the greatest scientific discoveries, great battles that went down in history. And, of course, people who lived and worked here changed the world forever. Due to its huge scale, this state is one of the most powerful on the planet.

The characterization of Russia's position is indeed an interesting and fascinating question. At different times, dozens of various peoples lived here, and the territory of this state is still inhabited by many nationalities. It is these facts that distinguish it from all countries of the world, and the scale and greatness make the whole world respect the proud name of the Russian Federation.

Speaking in more detail about the nations that live here, it is worth clarifying that this state is home to more than 200 different ethnic groups. Russians are distributed very unevenly. For example, in Chechnya they are only 2% of the total population.

Physical and geographical position of Russia

Even at school, in geography lessons, children are told that Russia occupies a truly global territory. Today, the Russian Federation is the largest state in the world, comparable in scale to an entire continent - South America. In terms of its area, Russia is larger than such parts of the world as Australia and Antarctica, it occupies 1/8 of the entire landmass on the planet. is almost 17.1 million square meters. km.

Its physical and geographical position can be characterized as European-Asian and interoceanic.

Position features

The peculiarities of Russia's position lie in the fact that the country is located on two continents at once - in Europe and Asia. It is this fact that contributes to the multinationality of this state and the diversity of climatic zones throughout the country. Unlike Turkey, which is also located in two parts of the world, Russia is a single and indivisible array.

The country is located in the northern part of the planet. A more detailed position will help determine the map. The geographical position of Russia, due to its northern localization, affects the climate, which often surprises tourists who come to this territory from warm countries. Here it is quite severe. Russia is washed by three oceans at once - the Atlantic, the Pacific and the Arctic. Moreover, the state has access to 12 seas at once, which had a significant impact on the possibility of tourism within the country.

The position of Russia is characterized by its location in temperate latitudes, the climate in which is pleasant and convenient for almost all ethnic groups to live. Warm summers and cold winters are familiar to any Russian, which is why these latitudes are more populated than others. The Black Sea coast is located in a subtropical latitude, which attracts tourists to this area at any time of the year - even in winter the temperature here rarely drops below zero. Despite the variety of climatic zones, precipitation in the form of snow falls in Russia almost throughout the entire territory. Of course, every resident of the Russian Federation is already accustomed to, therefore, it is difficult for the indigenous population to imagine a dry and warm winter, even in the southernmost parts of the country.

Borders

The extreme points of the state are located both on the continent and on the islands. The physical and geographical position of Russia is such that the total length of the borders is almost 60 thousand kilometers, most of which runs along the seas. On land, the Russian Federation shares borders with Belarus, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, and North Korea.

Most of it lies in the northern part of the state in the waters of the Arctic Ocean and in the east - in the waters of the Pacific Ocean. Not many people know that Russia borders not only on Japan, but also on the United States of America and Canada.

Climate in Russia

The climate in different places is striking in its diversity. The reason for this is the physical and geographical position of Russia. Due to the huge scale of the country, in different parts of it there can be completely unique weather, and this has not surprised the inhabitants of the country for a long time. In most of the state, the climate is quite severe - cold winters, long polar nights and large-scale snowfalls - all this is familiar to a resident of Russia. Surprisingly, people have learned not only to adapt to the most severe weather conditions, but also to perform normal actions in the most severe frost - to go to work and educational establishments, go shopping and even relax. Residents of the northernmost parts of the country are not surprised even by such a low temperature as -50 ° C, and all guests of Russia from other countries are amazed at the endurance of the Russian people.

In other regions, the state of weather conditions is completely different. A special map will help you better understand the distribution of climatic zones. The geographical position of Russia is such that in the east and south of the country the situation is somewhat different. A temperate climate prevails here. And this means that in this area the most suitable conditions for living: cool winters with rare frosts and hot summers.

Features of geography

Due to the fact that Russia is located on two continents at once, the uniqueness of its geography cannot be compared with any other state. The map "Geographical position of Russia" will help to deal with all the nuances of the localization of this state. Huge massifs of mountains stretch for many kilometers, and numerous rivers are considered one of the largest in the world. Moreover, on the territory of Russia there is the deepest lake in the world, capable of providing fresh water the whole planet - Baikal. The depth of the reservoir exceeds 1,600 m, and the area reaches 32 thousand square meters. km.

Ural mountains

One of the famous mountain ranges of Russia are Ural mountains- a large-scale mountain system with a length of more than 2,000 kilometers. Great amount rivers flowing at its foot, even in ancient times attracted residents to this area. Today, hiking in the mountains is one of the most exciting adventures for all the inhabitants of this state.

The physical and geographical position of Russia speaks of the diversity of the territorial and ethnic features of this country, and it can take many years to study each one. Thanks to the opportunity to openly travel throughout the Russian Federation, anyone has a chance to fully appreciate the globality and beauty of this country.