Hello dear readers!
Step one: where to start?
The most difficult thing in any business is to determine what needs to be done first? I recommend sharing the events of the Great Patriotic War for periods (there should be three) - try to do it yourself or look at the world wide web. So it will be much easier for you to navigate them later. It is also important to know the background of the conflict, this will allow you to assess the level of danger of war for states, to highlight the allies of both sides.
Having determined the main periods of the war, distribute the events in each of them by months - the facts are much easier to remember in conjunction with the time of year.
Step two: read the sources.
So, we already know what happened and even a little bit of orientation in the dates. To consolidate the information and systematize it, download the tables on the Second World War, as a rule, they indicate the most important information that is easily “sorted out”.
In order to deepen your knowledge, you need to read documents by period. This does not apply to the profile level of preparation, because many of them are found in the second part of the exam, so familiarizing yourself with them is also an important part of the preparation.
Step three: meetings of heads of state.
This topic, namely conferences during the Second World War, often causes difficulties for graduates. Therefore, it is necessary to teach them as a separate block, and it is strictly necessary not to refer to this issue superficial. The compilers of the exam are very fond of including questions on this topic in task number 8, as well as in task number 11, which is assessed by three primary points. Agree, losing them will be very disappointing!
Step Four: Marshals of Victory.
If you have already learned the sequence of events, read historical sources and familiarized yourself with the tables, then it's time to move on to personalities. It is impossible not to notice the abundance actors Great Patriotic War, especially the commanders and marshals of the Soviet Union. However, the difficulty in remembering them lies not so much in their number, but in the fact that it is necessary to know in which of the battles each of them took part. I acted on the advice of Ivan Sergeevich: create a letter abbreviation of battles, for example, "M" - the Moscow battle, "ST" - the Battle of Stalingrad. Do the same with the marshals, reducing their names to one or two letters. After that, you can easily learn the letter codes of battles in conjunction with personalities: "B" ( Berlin operation) - RZhK (Rokossovsky, Zhukov, Konev).
Step Five: War Heroes.
The history exam also includes several questions that may require knowledge of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. To remember them, break the heroes into groups in which select snipers, pilots, and so on. This will help you not to get confused about who is who and quickly remember all the heroic personalities in each direction.
Step six: remember the dates.
You already know the whole chronology perfectly, but some dates fly out of your head? In this case, the pattern system, which foreigners often use, will help you. Write the dates in a table (or create them in Excel) by creating spaces in a checkerboard pattern: there is a date, but there is no event, and vice versa. Then just fill in these cards throughout the day, and even the most difficult facts will be easily remembered for a long time.
Step seven: looking for a globe.
Maps are the most important part of any topic, with which problems often arise, and maps on the Great Patriotic War are generally considered one of the most difficult. But do not rush to panic, because working with them is actually not difficult if you know some life hacks. As a rule, on any map there are clues that can give you an idea: look for the names of generals, dates of battles or names of fronts. Knowing the markers is also useful (they will need to be learned first), since each event has its own peculiarity, for example, you are unlikely to make a mistake if you remember what the name “Prokhorovka” near Kursk says.
Step eight: give culture to the masses.
Many graduates do not pay enough attention to the issue of culture during the Great Patriotic War and do it in vain. IN USE assignments often there are questions that require knowledge on this topic, so the advice to learn the culture of the period of the Second World War will not be superfluous. For memorization, I used cards on which I wrote or printed a cultural monument on one side, and on the other I wrote its author and the time of creation - this method makes it easier to learn the material and quickly find it if you need to repeat it.
Step nine and the most pleasant: we have a rest with benefit.
It is much easier to remember any era if you “live” in it for a while. The best way to do this is through movies, books, TV series and everything that gives us pleasure. Look for interesting works on the period of the Great Patriotic War and watch films - in them, through the history of the main characters, the story of a huge conflict is told, which led to numerous victims. Literature lessons will also help you here, so do not forget about the theme of 1941-1945 in poetry and prose.
Step ten: control.
You have come a long way by learning great amount information. However, it often happens that we lose sight of something. To prevent this from happening, I advise you to test yourself by solving thematic tests. They are both throughout the Great Patriotic War, and in its periods. If you have errors, identify the main block in which problems arise - it can be marshals, heroes, dates, or something else, and then just finish the one that causes difficulties in solving. Profit!
Good luck with your preparations. Just put in some effort and the result will not keep you waiting!
Similar content
Hello dear readers!
Step one: where to start?
The most difficult thing in any business is to determine what needs to be done first? I recommend dividing the events of the Great Patriotic War into periods (there should be three) - try to do it yourself or look at the World Wide Web. So it will be much easier for you to navigate them later. It is also important to know the background of the conflict, this will allow you to assess the level of danger of war for states, to highlight the allies of both sides.
Having determined the main periods of the war, distribute the events in each of them by months - the facts are much easier to remember in conjunction with the time of year.
Step two: read the sources.
So, we already know what happened and even a little bit of orientation in the dates. To consolidate the information and systematize it, download the tables on the Second World War, as a rule, they indicate the most important information that is easily “sorted out”.
In order to deepen your knowledge, you need to read documents by period. This does not apply to the profile level of preparation, because many of them are found in the second part of the exam, so familiarizing yourself with them is also an important part of the preparation.
Step three: meetings of heads of state.
This topic, namely conferences during the Second World War, often causes difficulties for graduates. Therefore, it is necessary to teach them in a separate block, and it is strictly necessary not to treat this issue superficially. The compilers of the exam are very fond of including questions on this topic in task number 8, as well as in task number 11, which is evaluated by three primary points. Agree, losing them will be very disappointing!
Step Four: Marshals of Victory.
If you have already learned the sequence of events, read historical sources and familiarized yourself with the tables, then it's time to move on to personalities. It is impossible not to notice the abundance of actors in the Great Patriotic War, especially the commanders and marshals of the Soviet Union. However, the difficulty in remembering them lies not so much in their number, but in the fact that it is necessary to know in which of the battles each of them took part. I acted on the advice of Ivan Sergeevich: create a letter abbreviation of battles, for example, "M" - the Moscow battle, "ST" - the Battle of Stalingrad. Do the same with the marshals, reducing their names to one or two letters. After that, you can easily learn the letter codes of battles in conjunction with personalities: "B" (Berlin operation) - "RZhK" (Rokossovsky, Zhukov, Konev).
Step Five: War Heroes.
The history exam also includes several questions that may require knowledge of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. To remember them, break the heroes into groups in which select snipers, pilots, and so on. This will help you not to get confused about who is who and quickly remember all the heroic personalities in each direction.
Step six: remember the dates.
You already know the whole chronology perfectly, but some dates fly out of your head? In this case, the pattern system, which foreigners often use, will help you. Write the dates in a table (or create them in Excel) by creating spaces in a checkerboard pattern: there is a date, but there is no event, and vice versa. Then just fill in these cards throughout the day, and even the most difficult facts will be easily remembered for a long time.
Step seven: looking for a globe.
Maps are the most important part of any topic, with which problems often arise, and maps on the Great Patriotic War are generally considered one of the most difficult. But do not rush to panic, because working with them is actually not difficult if you know some life hacks. As a rule, on any map there are clues that can give you an idea: look for the names of generals, dates of battles or names of fronts. Knowing the markers is also useful (they will need to be learned first), since each event has its own peculiarity, for example, you are unlikely to make a mistake if you remember what the name “Prokhorovka” near Kursk says.
Step eight: give culture to the masses.
Many graduates do not pay enough attention to the issue of culture during the Great Patriotic War and do it in vain. In the tasks of the exam, there are often questions that require knowledge on this topic, so the advice to learn the culture of the period of the Second World War will not be superfluous. For memorization, I used cards on which I wrote or printed a cultural monument on one side, and on the other I wrote its author and the time of creation - this method makes it easier to learn the material and quickly find it if you need to repeat it.
Step nine and the most pleasant: we have a rest with benefit.
It is much easier to remember any era if you “live” in it for a while. The best way to do this is through movies, books, TV series and everything that gives us pleasure. Look for interesting works on the period of the Great Patriotic War and watch films - in them, through the history of the main characters, the story of a huge conflict that led to numerous victims is also told. Literature lessons will also help you here, so do not forget about the theme of 1941-1945 in poetry and prose.
Step ten: control.
You have come a long way, having learned a huge amount of information. However, it often happens that we lose sight of something. To prevent this from happening, I advise you to test yourself by solving thematic tests. They are both throughout the Great Patriotic War, and in its periods. If you have errors, identify the main block in which problems arise - it can be marshals, heroes, dates, or something else, and then just finish the one that causes difficulties in solving. Profit!
Good luck with your preparations. Just put in some effort and the result will not keep you waiting!
Similar content
At board of education
administration of the Arzamas region
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Krasnoselskaya average comprehensive school»
Solution test items on the topic "Great Patriotic War"
to prepare for the exam in history
Target audience - grade 11
Educational goals:
repeat, summarize, systematize knowledge on topics " military history Great Patriotic War", "Military leaders of the Second World War", "Great battles of the Great Patriotic War"
development goals:skill development
establish causal relationships between historical phenomena (formation of historical thinking)
complete tasks in USE format
educational goals: the formation of an understanding of the relationship and interdependence of the world historical process, patriotism.
During the classes
Organizing time, teacher's greeting.
Setting the goal of the lesson, solving test tasks on the Second World War.
1.
1) Yal-Tinskaya conference "Big Three"
2) Tehran Conference
3) Battle on the Oder
2. Ras-po-lo-zhi-te in chro-no-lo-gi-che-after-to-va-tel-no-sti is-to-ri-che-so-being. For-write-shi-those figures, some-ry-mi-sign-we-is-the-ri-che-events, in the right-vil-noy after-before- va-tel-no-sti in the table-li-tsu.
1) The beginning of the war with Japan
2) signing of the Molotov-Ribentropp pact
3) The beginning of the second world war
3. Get-but-vi-the-correspondence between so-be-ti-i-mi and go-da-mi: to each position of the first column, sub- take-ri-te co-from-the-reply-stvo-u-sche-zi-tion from the second column.
| DEVELOPMENTS | YEARS |
|
| A) the beginning of the Great Patriotic War B) Battle of Kursk B) Potsdam Conference D) operation "Bagration" | 1) 1944 2) 1240 3) 1945 4) 1943 5) 1917 6) 1941 |
4. Below is a list of ter-mi-new juice, of course. All of them, with the exception of two, are related to the state structure of the USSR of the 1940-1980s. Nay-di-te and for-pi-shi-te in a row-to-vye but-me-ra ter-mi-nov (po-nya-ty), not related to go-su -gift to the device of the USSR in the 1940s-1980s.
1) Supreme Council; 2) Council Fe-de-ra-tion; 3) on-rod-ny de-pu-tat; 4) Council of Mi-ni-strings; 5) Fe-de-ral-noe Meeting; 6) auto-nom-ny res-pub-li-ka.
5. Below is the pre-ve-den pe-re-chen fa-mi-ly prominent state-su-dar-stven-nyh de-i-te-lei. All of them, with the exception of two, for-no-ma-whether you-so posts in the period of the Second World War. Find-di-te and for-pi-shi-te figures of the state-su-gift-nyh de-i-te-lei, not from-but-sya-schi-sya to this pe-ri-o-du .
Vatutin, 2) Voroshilov, 3) Chkalov, 4) Tukhachevsky, 5) Ka-li-nin, 6) Mo-lo-tov
6. State-su-gift-program-ma, for some reason the United States of America-ri-ki pe-re-yes-va-li to its so-yuz-no-kam in the Wto- swarm of the world war, including the USSR, bo-e-pri-pa-sy, tech-no-ku, food and stra-te-gi-che-raw materials, on- zy-va-et-sya _
7. What three decisions were made at the Pots-Ladies Conference? Cor-from-vet-stvo-u-th figures for-pi-shi-te in response.
1) about the time de le East Prussia between Poland and the USSR
2) about from-ka-ze to use atomic weapons in war
3) about the si-ste-me che-you-reh-hundred-ron-ne ok-ku-pa-tion of Germany and about the management of Ber-lin-nom
4) about de-na-qi-fi-ka-tion of Germany
5) about the time-de-le Ger-ma-nii into two states-su-dar-stva
6) about the acceptance of the USSR "Mar-sha-la plan"
8. Which three of the p-re-numbers of ter-ri-to-riy became part of the USSR as a result of the Second World War? Cor-from-vet-stvo-u-th figures for-pi-shi-te in response.
1) Königsberg (Ka-li-nin-grad-sky) region
2) Us-su-riy-sky region
3) Na-khi-chi-wan region
4) Southern Sa-kha-lin
5) Kuril Islands
6) Day-stroke
9.
A) ______________ conference "Big Three" pro-ho-di-la in 1943
B) The first ram in a night air battle was made by a Soviet pilot ____________, who shot down an enemy bomb-bar-di-ditch on the steps to Moscow -schik.
C) During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle took place near ________________.
Missed elements:
1) Yal-tin-skaya (Crimean)
2) N. F. Ga-steel-lo
3) Pro-ho-ditch station
4) Te-ge-ran-sky
5) V. V. Ta-la-li-chin
6) junction Du-bo-se-ko-vo
10. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) ____________ for the first time made a ram in a night air battle, knocking down an enemy bomb-bar-di-ditch on the approach to Moscow.
B) During the years of the Great Patriotic War, the Germans besieged the city of ____________ for 900 days.
C) The Battle of Kursk was in ____________.
Missed elements:
1) V. V. Ta-la-li-chin
2) N. F. Ga-steel-lo
3) 1942
4) 1943
5) Sta-lin-grad
6) Le-ning-grad
11. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) ____________ - the first woman, Hero of the Soviet Union, par-ti-zan-ka, awarded in death, for-mu-chen- naya and executed fa-shi-hundred-mi in November 1941 in the village of Petr-ri-shche-vo.
B) In the summer of 1942, the German army of Pa-u-lu-sa carried out a blow to the city of ____________.
C) The Be-lo-Russian opera-tion was pro-ve-de-na in ____________.
Missed elements:
1) 1941
2) 1944
3) Faith In-lo-shi-na
4) Zoya Kos-mo-de-myan-sky
5) Kyiv
6) Sta-lin-grad
12. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) The hero of the Russian Fe-de-ra-tion, Vera Vo-lo-shi-na, was better on the Germans during the battle for ____________.
B) For the incompetent co-man-to-va-tion of the howl-ska-mi of the Zapad-no-go front, in the initial period of the war, the gene was executed non-ral ____________.
C) The meeting of our troops with so-uz-no-ka-mi took place on the Elbe River in April ____________.
Missed elements:
1) Le-ni-grad
2) Moscow
3) G.K. Zhukov
4) D. G. Pavlov
5) 1945
6) 1943
13. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) A pilot-hero, three times a hero of the Soviet Union, who shot down the most-big-neck number of sa-mo-le-tov against-no-ka , during the years of the Great Patriotic War ____________.
B) Va-si-liy Chui-kov pro-glory-vil-sya at the ob-ro-not of the city of ____________.
C) Var-sha-va was liberated-god-de-na in ____________
Missed elements:
1) 1944
2) A. Ma-re-siev
3) 1945
4) Moscow
5) I. Ko-same-oak
6) Sta-lin-grad
14. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) Sniper, pro-glorious in the days of the Stalingrad battle ____________.
B) 250 days of hero-and-che-ski held the siege of the city of ____________.
C) The battle of Stalin-grad was over in ____________.
Missed elements:
1) 1944
2) V. Zaitsev
3) 1943
4) Kyiv
5) I. Ko-same-oak
6) Se-wa-sto-pol
15. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) The greatest number of titles of the Hero of the Soviet Union was conferred as a result of the battle for ____________.
B) The second front in France was opened by the union in ____________.
C) Pilot-hero, three times a hero of the Soviet Union, who shot down the most-big-neck number of sa-mo-le-tov against-no-ka , during the years of the Great Patriotic War ____________.
Missed elements:
1) 1944
2) A. Ma-re-siev
3) 1945
4) Moscow
5) I. Ko-same-oak
6) Dnipro
16. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) Ob-ro-on the Brest fortress in ____________, for-ka-za-la, one of the examples of the stand-to-sti of Soviet soldiers-dates and co-man - di-ditch.
B) During the attack on Moscow, the fascist troops failed to take the city of ____________.
C) One of the ru-ko-vo-di-te-lei of the mo-lo-dezh-noy underground org-ha-ni-za-tion "Mo-lo-daya guard-diya" was ____________.
Missed elements:
1) V. Tre-tya-ke-vich
2) 1941
3) 1942
4) Ka-li-nin
5) N. Kuznetsov
6) Tula
17. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) General-ne-ral-lei-te-nant of the engineering troops, professor-sor Vo-en-noy aka-de-mii of the General-ne-ral-no-go headquarters, beast- ski for-mu-chen-ny f-shi-hundred-mi in the end-la-ge-re Maut-ha-u-zen ____________.
B) Le-gene-gift-wise intelligence officer N. Kuz-netsov acted in the paradise-o-not city of ____________.
C) Te-ge-ran-sky conference "Big three-ki" pro-ho-di-la in ____________.
Missed elements:
1) 1944
2) N. Ka-pi-tsa
3) 1943
4) Red-no-don
5) D. Kar-by-shev
6) Exactly
18. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) February 23-ra-la ____________ Alexander Mat-ro-sov in the battle for de-rev-nu Cher-nush-ki broke through to the enemy bunker and, for- having covered am-bra-zu-ru with his body, sacrificing himself in the shaft in order to ensure the success of his sub-raz-de-le-ny. By death, but conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
B) During the years of the Great Patriotic War, the commanding officer of the front ____________ died.
C) The on-stepping of the Germans on Stalin-grad for-cha-moose after the re-r-ing of our troops near the city of ____________.
Missed elements:
1) 1944
2) I. Cher-nya-hov-sky
3) S. Bu-den-ny
4) 1943
5) Kharkov
6) Kyiv
19. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) 58 days and nights of ge-ro-and-che-ski ob-ro-nya-li from fa-shi-stov che-you-reh-storey house in the center of the city-ro-yes 24 warriors in led by sergeant ______________.
B) After a 250-day hero-and-che-defense on July 4, 1942, the Soviet troops left ______________.
B) Battle under ______________ position-in-li-lo with-ve-to-man-to-va-nium to play time for under-go-to-ki-o-ro- we are Moscow.
Missed elements:
1) S. L. Kras-no-pe-ditch
2) Se-wa-sto-pol
3) Smolensk
4) Sim-fe-ro-pol
5) Ya. F. Pavlov
6) Minsk
20. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) ______________ on-stu-pa-tel-naya operation of the Soviet troops from-no-sit-sya to 1944
B) A place in the Pod-mos-ko-vie, where in the co-hundred-ve par-ti-zan-sko-go from-ry-da action-va-la Zoya Kos-mo-de-myan-sky , on-zy-wa-elk ______________.
B) ______________ battle became the beginning of a scrap-of-ren-no-go-pe-re-lo-ma during the Great Patriotic War.
Missed elements:
1) Rzhev
2) Pet-ri-shche-vo
3) Iasi-Chisinau
4) Moscow
5) Sta-lin-grad-skaya
6) Berlin-sky
21. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) ______________ was twice awarded the highest half-of-water-che-or-de-on "Po-be-yes".
B) ______________ was the commander of the Central Front during the Battle of Kursk.
B) ______________ was the commander of the Vol-khov front, from-li-chil-sya in the pro-ry-ve block-ca-dy of Le-nin-gra-da during the operation radio station "Iskra".
Missed elements:
1) K. E. Vo-ro-shi-lov
2) K. K. Ro-kos-sov-sky
3) G.K. Zhukov
4) F. S. Oktyabrsky
5) K. A. Merets-kov
6) L. Z. Fur-fox
22. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) ____________ - the code-name of the operation of the Soviet par-ti-zan in August - September - September 1943 on ok-ku-pi- ro-van-noy ter-ri-to-rii for help on-stu-pa-yu-shchi howl-skam of the Red Army.
B) In the most cr-ti-che-pe-ri-o-dy for-shchi-you Sta-lin-gra-yes how-ska gene-ne-ra-la ____________ not only you-hundred-I -whether in incessant battles, but also took active participation in the defeat of non-German troops at the last stage battles.
B) With the operation near the city of ____________, they are connected with the appearance in the Red Army of the guards-dei-sky units and connections.
Missed elements:
1) "Relay-co-war"
2) "Pol-ko-vo-dets Ru-myantsev"
3) In-ro-nezh
4) Ya. F. Pavlov
5) Yelnya
6) V.I. Chuikov
23. For-half-no-those gaps in these pre-lo-the-no-yah, using the list below of missing items : for each-to-the-pre-lo-zhe-niya, the designation-of-the-no-th letter-howl and so-der-zha-shche-go pass, you-be-ri-te number is needed -no-th element-men-ta.
A) The goal of the ____________ operation was to destroy the troops against the enemy, surrounded in Stalingrad.
B) Ko-man-di-rum of one of the largest pairs-ti-zan-sky co-unit-not-ny on ok-ku-pi-ro-van-noy enemy Ukr -and-was not ____________ ____________, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
B) On the northern face of the Kursk Bulge, the Germans, not having achieved success on July 5 near Ol-khovat-koy, re-carried a blow in the right-le-nii on -sel-ka ____________, but even here we moved only from 10 to 12 km.
Missed elements:
1) "Uranus"
2) Pro-ho-ditch-ka
3) S. A. Kov-pak
4) "Ring"
5) Come on
6) P. M. Ma-she-rov
24. Get-but-you-te-the-response between the fa-mi-li-i-mi of the poets and pi-sa-te-lei and the-name-no-i-mi of their pro-of- ve-de-ny.
| FA-MI-LII PO-ETOV AND PI-SA-TE-LEY | NAMES OF PRO-FROM-VE-DE-NIY |
|
| A) B. L. Pa-ster-nak B) A. I. Sol-zhe-ni-tsyn C) I. G. Ehrenburg D) A. T. Tvar-dov-sky | 1) "One day Ivan De-ni-so-vi-cha" 2) "Master and Mar-ga-ri-ta" 3) "Vasi-liy Ter-kin" 4) "Doctor Zhi-va-go" 5) "From-te-pel" |
25. Usta-but-vi-te co-response between the state-su-dar-stven-us-mi de-i-te-la-mi and is-to-ri-che-ski-mi co-be -ti-i-mi.
| GO-SU-DAR-STVEN-NYE DE-I-TE-LI | HISTORICAL EVENTS |
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| A) Zhukov B) Chuikov B) Konev D) Rokossovsky | 1) Battle of Stalingrad 2) Operation Overlord 3) Battle for the Dnieper 4) Assault on Berlin 5) Vistula-Oder operation |
Very soon, not only the Unified State Examination in social studies, but also in history awaits you? Did you know that one of the most significant blocks of checked assignments for the exam in history is the Great Patriotic War? I offer the author's analysis of a number of tasks on this topic.
The Great Patriotic War in the USE format
On the days of the May holidays, let us recall the importance of understanding the course and events of the Great Patriotic War for a successful passing the exam by history. Let's turn to the demo version of the Unified State Examination in History 2014. These are USE tests in history. We see in part A three tasks directly related to the events of the Second World War, and in part B a detailed task B6 in the form of a table.
Let's take a look at these tasks. A16. How to argue here. The most important thing that a graduate should remember is its periodization. So, in the Second World War, three stages are clearly distinguished:
1) Defensive(Events of 1941-1942 before the start of the counter-offensive of the Red Army near Stalingrad in November 1942). The most significant events here are the Battle of Moscow, which resulted in the temporary stabilization of the front after the failure of Operation Typhoon to capture Moscow by Wehrmacht forces. By the way, you should also know the names of the main operations on the fronts of the Second World War. This is another subject for checking the exam in history and a way to navigate the events of the Second World War. So the option 2 already dropped. In general, the events of the Second World War were not characterized by a positional character at any of the stages, the situation on the fronts was constantly and rapidly changing. It is rather a characteristic of the First World War (1914-1918).
2) Root fracture(this is a fight for the initiative and a decisive advantage in the war of the end of 1942-1943). The radical turning point began with the counter-offensive at Stalingrad and the destruction of the Paulus group, continued with the victory at the Oryol-Kursk Bulge in the summer of 1943, and ended in the fall of 1943 with a grandiose operation to force the Eastern Wall built by the Germans on the Dnieper. Just the main result of this part of the war was the withdrawal of our troops to the western border in March 1944.
3) Offensive(these are the famous 10 Stalinist strikes of 1944, which made it possible to completely liberate the territory of the USSR, for example, the Bagration operation to liberate Belarus, the liberation of the territory of Eastern Europe and the final defeat German groups in Europe). The Great Patriotic War ended with the events of May 8-9, 1945, when the Wehrmacht group capitulated in Prague and the Act on the complete and unconditional surrender of German troops to the USSR was signed. Victory Day!
So the answer options 1 and 3 rather approach the characterization of the last stage of the war. The correct answer is 4.
One of the most famous photographs of WWII. Near Stalingrad, the 6th Infantry Army of Field Marshal F. Paulus was surrounded and destroyed. He himself surrenders on January 31, 1943, and on February 2, the entire operation "Ring" is completed.
Considering the strengthening of the USE block in history associated with visual material - in part B (maps, diagrams, portraits), I recommend paying close attention to them, memorizing and using them in preparation for the exam.
But A17 is a question for general erudition, rather than for knowledge of the events of the Second World War. An intellectual graduate, who may have attended a music school, will of course mark option 4 as correct. The 7th (Heroic) Symphony has become an unconditional symbol of heroism besieged Leningrad. And its author Dimitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich, the great Soviet composer.
It is absolutely logical that the country that defeated fascism in the World War, took on the brunt of the burden of the Victory, expanded its influence in the world. Here, a simple understanding of the term "cold war" - a military-political clash of superpowers that began after the end of the World War - will prompt. The opponents of the USSR in it were just the former allies in the Anti-Hitler coalition - the USA, Great Britain, their NATO military bloc. The options 2 and 4 belong to a much later time - the Brezhnev-Gorbachev 1970-1980s. It was then that for the first time the degree of conflict in the Cold War began to be discharged by partnership agreements and the disarmament process.
Difficult tasks of part B of the exam in history
The tasks of part B conducted in the USE in history in 2012-2013 are considered by many to be one of the most difficult in the USE format. The fact is that they test a number of graduate competencies, which often a teacher at school in history lessons simply cannot help form. It is a translation historical information into other sign systems - for example, in B6 tabular form. And work with historical maps and diagrams. Let's try to explain the main approaches to the implementation of these tasks using the examples of the block of the Second World War of the Unified State Examination. Let's look at the demo again:
So, here the knowledge of dates for the war is checked, and the ability to correlate the participants of the Second World War with the events of the war. Note that if the periodization of the war is remembered (or memorized), then the knowledge of its heroes also indicates a high intellectual level of the graduate. I immediately recommend that you solve this task by entering the answers directly into the In case of controversial answers or your doubts, this will help you immediately compare the difficulties that have arisen and deal with them.
Thus, with the dates, as we see, if you have mastered the brief periodization of the war (see above), everything is clear. But to correlate with the events, we were offered heroic characters who were remembered for their military exploits. So, the symbol of the defense of Stalingrad was the "Pavlov's house", which a group of soldiers defended during the hardest street battles.
And, one of the legendary characters of the heroic defense of Moscow was 28 "Panfilov" under the leadership of political instructor Klochkov from the 316th Infantry Division under the command of Major General Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov. It must be taken into account that during the years of the Second World War, a number of myths were created by Soviet propaganda. Apparently, the famous battle on November 16, 1941 in the area of the Dubosekovo junction, 7 kilometers southeast of Volokolamsk (Volokolamskoe highway) is one of them. According to the official version, 28 people who accomplished the feat destroyed 18 enemy tanks during a 4-hour battle and died.
The phrase “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!”, which political instructor Klochkov uttered before his death, was included in Soviet school and university history textbooks.
And now last year's innovation - work with a historical map (scheme). We have already noted that the main difficulties for graduates arise precisely with this block. And, by the way, the whole set of these tasks B8-B13 will give you 7 out of 19.
Let's go to the options real USE on history 2013, posted by Rosobrnadzor. In 10 options out of 24 in tasks B8-B13, the theme of the Great Patriotic War was observed. The subject of historical maps was, it is worth noting, the most banal: Batu's invasion, the battle on the Kalka, Northern and Crimean War, Civil War. From non-standard - the development of the empire in the first half of the XIX century and the bloc strategy cold war.
Let's think about the map. We see a huge coverage of the front (from the Dnieper - Ukraine, to the Volga - the Center of Russia). Of course, in this task you can’t do without knowing the basics of geography, so don’t yawn there in the classroom either. Such a coverage of the territory of hostilities (we read in the legend of the map that the war is depicted) characterizes only World War II (the Great Patriotic War). As already noted, it is here that the maximum intensity of hostilities is observed.
We draw the main markers directly on the map. When preparing USE topics in history, I recommend that you independently put on the contour map all the main events and objects encountered in the topic. This will allow you to better remember the map visually.
So, we mark our considerations on the map. The key object on the map is usually indicated by the number 1. This is a city on the Volga. It is around him, apparently, that the main events take place on the map. The only city on the Volga, in the area of \u200b\u200bwhich the hardest battles of the Second World War took place, was Stalingrad. For check. What is the name of this city now? Volgograd, was renamed in 1961 during Khrushchev's de-Stalinization. Visual confirmation:
Volgograd. Monument "Motherland is calling!" on Mamaev Kurgan. Sculptor Vuchetich, 1967. One of the most recognizable monuments dedicated to the events of the Second World War.
So, AT 8. STALINGRAD.
AT 11. Remember the periodization of the Second World War ( see above). By 1943, the entire radical change was completed, and the Battle of Stalingrad was only its beginning. Option 1 is not correct. Of course, we also remember the Battle of Moscow. Therefore, Stalingrad is not the first, and not even the second offensive during the Second World War. Option 2 is not correct. Option 5 does not look very realistic. So many soldiers surrender together, turn on the logic. The grouping of Paulus (we remember that it was he who was defeated at Stalingrad) consisted of about 300 thousand soldiers and officers in the final phase of the battle. Option 5 is not correct.
Now we check ourselves and immediately remember that:
- the operation on the counter-offensive of the Red Army near Stalingrad was called "Uranus"
- K.K. Rokossovsky - marshal, twice hero of the USSR really led one of the three fronts that surrounded and defeated the Wehrmacht troops in the battle on the Volga
- And, as already noted, the counteroffensive of the Red Army near Stalingrad began in November 1942.
I think the answer to task B10 is already clear.
AT 10 O'CLOCK. ROOT FRACTURE
AT 11. 346
WITHOUT SPACES AND COMMA!
And task B9 in this case will not be given to someone who does not have a deep knowledge of the material about history Battle of Stalingrad. The city on map 2 is Kalach-on-Don (or simply Kalach). It was here that the only one stopped black arrow on the map - the 4th tank army of General Hermann Hoth, who tried to break through to the aid of the encircled infantrymen of Paulus at the end of 1942. After its defeat, the fate of the "operational bag" (encircled by the 6th infantry army of Paulus) was decided.
AT 9. KALACH (KALACH-ON-DON) Any of the options will be counted, this is the accepted practice at the exam in history.
And the final part B of the USE tests on the history of tasks B12-B13. They are logically connected with each other, usually an image is given first (a caricature, a stamp, a picture), then usually a building, chronologically connected with the image. In this case, anyone, it seems to me, will recognize the embracing great tyrants of the twentieth century - I. Stalin and A. Hitler. Hitler stabs Stalin in the back - an allusion to the violation by Germany on June 22, 1941 of the Molotov-Ribbentrop non-aggression pact for 10 years in 1939.
We discard incorrect options here, as well as in B11. Option 4 not exactly true, the war with Finland ("winter") was in 1939-1940. The cartoon could not have been created before 1941. Option 5 not true. When this caricature was born, you certainly won’t say in the conditions of a real exam, but options 2 and 3 are logical.
AT 12. 23
Well, when asked what building was built during the years of Stalin's leadership, it turns out that we choose option 2 - this is one of the 7 famous Stalin skyscrapers in Moscow, namely, the main building of Lomonosov Moscow State University.
How to solve tasks of the Second World War in history?
1. Memorize the periodization of the Great Patriotic War. There is little information, but the benefits and ability to navigate the field of the Second World War are enormous.
2. Remember the heroes of the Second World War, tie them mentally to specific events.
3. The entire history of the Second World War is documented in photo and video materials. Watch them whenever possible, remember.
4. Any war can only be studied on the map of this war. Draw the events you read about directly on the map, remember.
5. Use your knowledge of geography.
6. Be interested in monuments dedicated to the events of the Second World War, paintings.
7. Love and know your history, the history of the GREAT FEAT OF OUR PEOPLE IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR 1941-1945.
Happy Victory Day to you!
Composition on the theme of the Second World War
1941 - 1945 one of the hardest times in Russian history, the period of the Great Patriotic War.
The beginning of the Great Patriotic War
In the early morning of June 22, 1941, German troops crossed the border with the USSR and launched an offensive deep into Soviet territory. war Soviet Union also announced the allies of Germany - Italy, Finland, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia. Japan, which posed a threat to the eastern borders of the USSR, refrained from declaring war, as it was busy preparing for war with the United States.
The German plan of attack on the USSR - the plan "Barbarossa" was developed during 1940 - 1941 and provided for a rapid offensive German troops during the summer-autumn campaign and the capture of the European part of Russia up to the Volga - Ural mountains. The Soviet military command, preparing for offensive war, did not develop serious defense plans and was not ready for a German attack.
Thus, thanks to the suddenness of the attack, the numerical superiority of the Germans and the mistakes of the military and the leadership of the USSR, Germany and its satellites captured the Baltic states, Belarus, Moldova, a significant part of Ukraine and Russia.
Battle of Stalingrad
Break in the war
In December 1941, Soviet forces went on the offensive and pushed the Germans back several hundred kilometers from Moscow. Spring 1942 Soviet troops were defeated near Kharkov, the strategic initiative was intercepted German command, and by mid-summer the Germans went on the offensive and in the fall went to the Volga in the region of Stalingrad and captured part of the North Caucasus.
On November 19, 1942, Soviet troops struck in the Stalingrad region and on February 2, 1943, German and Romanian troops were surrounded and defeated as a result of Operation Uranus. At the same time, the Germans were expelled from the North Caucasus. On January 18, 1943, the blockade of Leningrad was broken. In the summer of 1943, the last large-scale German offensive began on eastern front. The main attack was aimed at Kursk Bulge where the enemy concentrated the main forces and the latest military equipment. However, the German offensive ended in failure and the defeat of the German Army Group Center.
Final period of the war
In 1944, the Red Army carried out a number of major offensive operations - the so-called "10 Stalinist strikes", as a result of which it almost completely liberated the territory of the USSR from the Nazis and launched an offensive against the countries of Eastern Europe - Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia. At the beginning of 1945, the USSR captured the territories of Prussia, Hungary and Austria, went to Berlin. April 16, 1945 began the Berlin offensivei operation. On April 25, 1945, Soviet troops on the Elbe River met for the first time with American troops advancing from the west.
Results of the Great Patriotic War
On May 8, 1945, the act of capitulation of Germany was signed. During the Great Patriotic War, as a result of German aggression and the unsuccessful decisions of the Soviet leadership, the USSR suffered enormous losses - more than 30 million people. In material terms, the USSR lost a third of the national wealth. As a result of the war, part of the USSR became part of East Prussia with the city of Kenisberg, renamed Kaliningrad, part of Western Ukraine and Finland. The prestige and influence of the USSR in the world was greatly strengthened. Historians, in particular A. A. Danilov, evaluate the victory in the Great Patriotic War as the most significant event in the history of our country in the 20th century.
