A brief digression into history or why Europe is so covetous of our Crimea

Causes of the Crimean War
The Eastern question has always been topical for Russia. After the capture of Byzantium by the Turks and the establishment of Ottoman rule, Russia remained the most powerful Orthodox state in the world. Nicholas 1, the Russian emperor, sought to strengthen Russian influence in the Middle East and the Balkans by supporting the national liberation struggle of the peoples of the Balkans for liberation from Muslim rule. But these plans threatened Great Britain and France, which also sought to increase their influence in the Middle East region. Among other things, Napoleon 3, the then Emperor of France, simply needed to switch the attention of his people from his own unpopular person to the more popular war with Russia at that time.
The reason was found quite easily. In 1853, another dispute arose between Catholics and Orthodox for the right to repair the dome of the Bethlehem Church on the site of the Nativity of Christ. The decision was to be made by the Sultan, who, at the instigation of France, decided the issue in favor of the Catholics. Requirements of Prince A.S. Menshikov, the Russian ambassador extraordinary about the right of the Russian emperor to patronize the Orthodox subjects of the Turkish sultan were rejected, after which the Russian troops occupied Wallachia and Moldavia, and the protest of the Turks refused to leave these principalities, motivating their actions as a protectorate over them in accordance with the Adrianople Treaty.
After some political manipulations by European states in alliance with Turkey, the latter declared war on Russia on October 4 (16), 1853.
At the first stage, while Russia was dealing with only the Ottoman Empire, it was winning: in the Caucasus (the battle of Bashkadiklyar), Turkish troops suffered a crushing defeat, and the destruction of 14 ships of the Turkish fleet near Sinop was one of the brightest victories of the Russian fleet.

Entry of England and France into the Crimean War
And then “Christian” France and England intervened, declaring war on Russia on March 15 (27), 1854 and capturing Evpatoria in early September. The Parisian Cardinal Sibur described their seemingly impossible alliance as follows: “The war that France entered into with Russia is not a political war, but a sacred, ... religious war. ... the need to drive away the heresy of Photius ... Such is the recognized goal of this new crusade ... ”Russia could not resist the combined forces of such powers. Both internal contradictions and insufficient technical equipment of the army played a role. In addition, the Crimean War moved to other areas. Turkey's allies in the North Caucasus - Shamil's detachments - hit in the back, Kokand opposed the Russians in Central Asia (however, they were not lucky here - the battle for Fort Perovsky, where there were 10 enemies or more for each Russian, led to the defeat of the Kokand troops) .
There were also battles in the Baltic Sea - on the Alan Islands and the Finnish coast, and in the White Sea - for Kola, the Solovetsky Monastery and Arkhangelsk, there was an attempt to take Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. However, all these battles were won by the Russians, which forced England and France to see Russia as a more serious enemy and take the most decisive action.
On January 14 (26), 1855, the kingdom of Sardinia joined the alliance against Russia.


Defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855
The outcome of the war was decided by the defeat of the Russian troops in the defense of Sevastopol, the siege of which by the coalition forces lasted almost a year (349 days). During this time, too many unfavorable events for Russia took place: the talented military leaders Kornilov, Istomin, Totleben, Nakhimov died, and on February 18 (March 2), 1855, the Emperor of All Russia, the Tsar of Poland and the Grand Duke of Finland Nicholas 1 died in St. Petersburg. August 27 (8 September) 1855 Malakhov Kurgan was taken, the defense of Sevastopol became meaningless, the next day the Russians left the city.

Defeat of Russia in the Crimean War of 1853-1856
After the capture of Kinburn by the French in October and the note of Austria, which up to now had observed armed neutrality together with Prussia, further waging the war by a weakened Russia did not make sense.
On March 18 (30), 1856, a peace treaty was signed in Paris, which imposed on Russia the will of the European states and Turkey, forbade the Russian state to have a navy, seized the Black Sea bases, forbade the strengthening of the Aland Islands, abolished the protectorate over Serbia, Wallachia and Moldavia, forced to exchange Kars to Sevastopol and Balaklava, and led to the transfer of South Bessarabia to the Moldavian principality (pushed the Russian borders along the Danube). Russia was exhausted by the Crimean war, its economy is greatly upset.








In conclusion, I would like to add a few words from myself.
Europe NEVER wanted to see a prosperous and strong Russia at its side. But modern politicians apparently do not remember history well. Russia is no stranger to single-handedly fending off a crowd of enemies. And as a result, always win.

The Crimean War or Eastern War (1853-1856) is a war between the Russian Empire and a coalition of Great Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire and Sardinia for dominance in the Black Sea basin, the Caucasus and the Balkans.

Briton Roger Fenton became one of the world's first war photographers, documenting the events of 1855. The photographs do not contain combat operations, they consist mainly of portraits of coalition soldiers.

26 photos

NATO leaders and their assistant adjutants, 1855. (Photo by Roger Fenton Crimean War photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division):

Ships in the Cossack Bay, 1855. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

Balaklava, Ukraine. A harbor full of sailing ships. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

English and French soldiers drink near Sevastopol. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

This is the mobile photo lab of Roger Fenton, whose pictures we are looking at. In it, he showed negatives. His assistant is visible in the frame. (Photo by Hulton Archive | Getty Images):

Captain of the Royal Artillery. (Photo by Roger Fenton Crimean War photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division):

Colonel Brownrigg and two captured Russian boys. (Photo by Roger Fenton Crimean War photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division):

Construction site near Balaklava harbor. (Photo by Roger Fenton Crimean War photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division):

Coalition Colonel Halliwell drinking drinks. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

British officer in Balaklava during the Crimean War, 1855. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

Soldiers and officers of the 8th Hussar Regiment of the Russian Imperial Army. (Photo by Roger Fenton Crimean War photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division):

Military coalition meeting, 1855. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

A group of Tatars in Balaklava. (Photo by Roger Fenton Crimean War photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division):

Ships in the Balaklava harbor, a tent city and the Genoese fortress. (Photo by Roger Fenton Crimean War photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division):

This is the English war photographer Roger Fenton. Portrait in a soldier's uniform. (Photo by Marcus Sparling | Getty Images):

Another member of the press is Sir William Howard Russell (1820 - 1907), war correspondent for The Times. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

Lieutenant General Sir John Campbell (seated) and Captain Hume. (Photo by Roger Fenton Crimean War photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division):

British artillery. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Hulton Archive | Getty Images):

Dragoons in the Crimea, 1855. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Hulton Archive | Getty Images):

Coalition fleet in Balaklava. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

British infantry camp at Balaklava during the Crimean War, 1855. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Hulton Archive | Getty Images):

Hussars prepare food. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

Mortarmen during the siege of Sevastopol. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

Portrait of the captains of the coalition with a gun. (Photo by Roger Fenton Crimean War photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division):

Spent cannonballs on the battlefield in Balaklava. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

British soldiers during the Crimean War. (Photo by Roger Fenton | Getty Images):

An interesting video “From the Scythians to the present day. How the map of Crimea has changed over 3 thousand years.

See also "Cave Cities of the Crimea" and "Ancient Heraklion - a lost city under water."

The spirit in the troops is beyond description. In the days of ancient Greece, there was not so much heroism. I have not been able to be in business a single time, but I thank God that I have seen these people and live in this glorious time.

Lev Tolstoy

The wars of the Russian and Ottoman empires were a common occurrence in the international politics of the 18th-19th centuries. In 1853, the Russian Empire of Nicholas 1 entered another war, which went down in history as the Crimean War of 1853-1856, and ended with the defeat of Russia. In addition, this war showed the strong resistance of the leading countries of Western Europe (France and Great Britain) to the strengthening of the role of Russia in Eastern Europe, in particular in the Balkans. The lost war also showed Russia itself problems in domestic politics, which led to many problems. Despite victories at the initial stage of 1853-1854, as well as the capture of the key Turkish fortress of Kars in 1855, Russia lost the most important battles on the territory of the Crimean peninsula. This article describes the causes, course, main results and historical significance in a short story about the Crimean War of 1853-1856.

Causes of the aggravation of the Eastern question

Under the eastern question, historians understand a number of controversial issues in Russian-Turkish relations, which at any moment could lead to conflict. The main problems of the Eastern question, which became the basis for a future war, are as follows:

• The loss of the Crimea and the northern Black Sea region by the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 18th century constantly stimulated Turkey to start a war in the hope of regaining the territories. Thus began the wars of 1806-1812 and 1828-1829. However, as a result of them, Turkey lost Bessarabia and part of the territory in the Caucasus, which further strengthened the desire for revenge.
• Belonging to the Bosphorus and Dardanelles. Russia demanded that these straits be opened for the Black Sea Fleet, while the Ottoman Empire (under pressure from the countries of Western Europe) ignored these demands of Russia.
• The presence in the Balkans, as part of the Ottoman Empire, Slavic Christian peoples who fought for their independence. Russia supported them, thereby causing a wave of indignation among the Turks about Russia's interference in the internal affairs of another state.

An additional factor that intensified the conflict was the desire of the countries of Western Europe (Britain, France, and Austria) not to let Russia into the Balkans, as well as close its access to the straits. For the sake of this, the countries were ready to support Turkey in a potential war with Russia.

The reason for the war and its beginning

These troubled moments brewed throughout the late 1840s and early 1850s. In 1853, the Turkish Sultan transferred the Bethlehem Temple of Jerusalem (then the territory of the Ottoman Empire) to the control of the Catholic Church. This caused a wave of indignation of the highest Orthodox hierarchy. Nicholas 1 decided to take advantage of this, using the religious conflict as a pretext for attacking Turkey. Russia demanded that the temple be handed over to the Orthodox Church, and at the same time also open the straits for the Black Sea Fleet. Turkey refused. In June 1853, Russian troops crossed the border of the Ottoman Empire and entered the territory of the Danubian principalities dependent on it.

Nicholas 1 hoped that France was too weak after the revolution of 1848, and that Britain could be appeased by transferring Cyprus and Egypt to it in the future. However, the plan did not work, European countries called the Ottoman Empire to action, promising her financial and military assistance. In October 1853, Turkey declared war on Russia. Thus began, to put it briefly, the Crimean War of 1853-1856. In the history of Western Europe, this war is called Eastern.

The course of the war and the main stages

The Crimean War can be divided into 2 stages according to the number of participants in the events of those years. Here are the steps:

1. October 1853 - April 1854. During these six months the war was between the Ottoman Empire and Russia (without the direct intervention of other states). There were three fronts: Crimean (Black Sea), Danube and Caucasian.
2. April 1854 - February 1856. British and French troops enter the war, which expands the theater of operations, as well as a turning point in the course of the war. The allied troops were superior to the Russian ones from the technical side, which was the reason for the changes in the course of the war.

As for specific battles, the following key battles can be distinguished: for Sinop, for Odessa, for the Danube, for the Caucasus, for Sevastopol. There were other battles, but those listed above are the main ones. Let's consider them in more detail.

Battle of Sinop (November 1853)

The battle took place in the harbor of the city of Sinop in the Crimea. The Russian fleet under the command of Nakhimov completely defeated the Turkish fleet of Osman Pasha. This battle was perhaps the last major world battle on sailing ships. This victory significantly raised the morale of the Russian army and gave hope for an early victory in the war.

Map of the Sinop naval battle November 18, 1853

Bombing of Odessa (April 1854)

In early April 1854, the Ottoman Empire launched a squadron of the Franco-British fleet through its straits, which swiftly headed for Russian port and shipbuilding cities: Odessa, Ochakov and Nikolaev.

On April 10, 1854, the bombardment of Odessa, the main southern port of the Russian Empire, began. After a rapid and intense bombardment, it was planned to land troops in the northern Black Sea region, which would force the withdrawal of troops from the Danube principalities, as well as weaken the defense of the Crimea. However, the city withstood several days of shelling. Moreover, the defenders of Odessa were able to deliver accurate strikes against the Allied fleet. The plan of the Anglo-French troops failed. The allies were forced to retreat towards the Crimea and begin battles for the peninsula.

Fights on the Danube (1853-1856)

It was with the entry of Russian troops into this region that the Crimean War of 1853-1856 began. After the success in the Battle of Sinop, another success awaited Russia: the troops completely crossed to the right bank of the Danube, an attack was opened on Silistria and further on Bucharest. However, the entry into the war of England and France complicated the offensive of Russia. On June 9, 1854, the siege of Silistria was lifted and the Russian troops returned to the left bank of the Danube. By the way, on this front, Austria also entered the war against Russia, which was worried about the rapid advance of the Romanov Empire into Wallachia and Moldavia.

In July 1854, near the city of Varna (modern Bulgaria), a huge landing of the British and French armies landed (according to various sources, from 30 to 50 thousand). The troops were supposed to enter the territory of Bessarabia, ousting Russia from this region. However, a cholera epidemic broke out in the French army, and the British public demanded that the leadership of the army strike the Black Sea Fleet in the Crimea as a priority.

Fights in the Caucasus (1853-1856)

An important battle took place in July 1854 near the village of Kyuruk-Dara (Western Armenia). The combined Turkish-British forces were defeated. At this stage, the Crimean War was still successful for Russia.

Another important battle in this region took place in June-November 1855. Russian troops decided to attack the eastern part of the Ottoman Empire, the fortress of Karsu, so that the Allies would send part of the troops to this region, thereby slightly weakening the siege of Sevastopol. Russia won the battle of Kars, but this happened after the news of the fall of Sevastopol, so this battle had little effect on the outcome of the war. Moreover, according to the results of the "peace" signed later, the fortress of Kars returned to the Ottoman Empire. However, as the peace talks showed, the capture of Kars still played a role. But more on that later.

Defense of Sevastopol (1854-1855)

The most heroic and tragic event of the Crimean War is, of course, the battle for Sevastopol. In September 1855, Franco-British troops captured the last point of the city's defense - Malakhov Kurgan. The city survived 11 months of siege, however, as a result, it was surrendered to the allied forces (among which the Sardinian kingdom appeared). This defeat became a key one and served as an impetus for the end of the war. From the end of 1855, intensified negotiations began, in which Russia had practically no strong arguments. It was clear that the war was lost.

Other battles in the Crimea (1854-1856)

In addition to the siege of Sevastopol on the territory of Crimea in 1854-1855, several more battles took place, which were aimed at "unblocking" Sevastopol:

1. Battle of the Alma (September 1854).
2. Battle of Balaklava (October 1854).
3. Battle of Inkerman (November 1854).
4. An attempt to liberate Evpatoria (February 1855).
5. Battle on the Chernaya River (August 1855).

All these battles ended in unsuccessful attempts to lift the siege of Sevastopol.

"Distant" battles

The main fighting of the war took place near the Crimean peninsula, which gave the name to the war. There were also battles in the Caucasus, on the territory of modern Moldova, as well as in the Balkans. However, few people know that battles between rivals also took place in remote regions of the Russian Empire. Here are some examples:

1. Peter and Paul Defense. The battle that took place on the territory of the Kamchatka Peninsula between the combined Franco-British troops on the one hand and Russian on the other. The battle took place in August 1854. This battle was the result of the victory of Britain over China during the Opium Wars. As a result, Britain wanted to increase its influence in the east of Asia, ousting Russia from here. In total, the Allied troops made two assaults, both ended in failure for them. Russia withstood the Peter and Paul defense.
2. Arctic Company. The operation of the British fleet to attempt to blockade or capture Arkhangelsk, carried out in 1854-1855. The main battles took place in the Barents Sea. The British also undertook the bombardment of the Solovetsky fortress, as well as the robbery of Russian merchant ships in the White and Barents Seas.

Results and historical significance of the war

In February 1855, Nicholas 1 died. The task of the new emperor, Alexander 2, was to end the war, and with minimal damage to Russia. In February 1856, the Paris Congress began its work. Russia was represented by Alexei Orlov and Philip Brunnov. Since neither side saw the point in continuing the war, already on March 6, 1856, the Treaty of Paris was signed, as a result of which the Crimean War was completed.

The main terms of the Treaty of Paris were as follows:

1. Russia returned the Karsu fortress to Turkey in exchange for Sevastopol and other captured cities of the Crimean peninsula.
2. Russia was forbidden to have a Black Sea fleet. The Black Sea was declared neutral.
3. The Bosporus and Dardanelles were declared closed to the Russian Empire.
4. Part of Russian Bessarabia was transferred to the Moldavian Principality, the Danube ceased to be a border river, so navigation was declared free.
5. On the Aland Islands (an archipelago in the Baltic Sea), Russia was forbidden to build military and (or) defensive fortifications.

As for losses, the number of Russian citizens who died in the war is 47.5 thousand people. Britain lost 2.8 thousand, France - 10.2, the Ottoman Empire - more than 10 thousand. The Sardinian kingdom lost 12 thousand soldiers. Austrian casualties are unknown, possibly because they were not officially at war with Russia.

In general, the war showed the backwardness of Russia, compared with the states of Europe, especially in terms of the economy (the completion of the industrial revolution, the construction of railways, the use of steamships). After this defeat, the reforms of Alexander 2 began. In addition, a desire for revenge was brewing in Russia for a long time, which resulted in another war with Turkey in 1877-1878. But this is a completely different story, and the Crimean War of 1853-1856 was completed and Russia was defeated in it.

Unfortunately, Russian history is very Russocentric. And this applies not only to the description of ancient centuries, the events of the times of Ivan Kalita or Ivan the Terrible. The simplest example is the Crimean War, which was fought from 1853 to 1856, that is, a little over a century and a half ago. It would seem that on this war there is a solid documentary base of all the main participating countries, the gigantic archives of Britain, France, Russia, Turkey, the Kingdom of Sardinia ... However, even now our books and studies on the topic are filled with quotes from works that are not entirely versed in politics and military affairs people of that time. For example, V.I. Lenin: "The Crimean War showed the rottenness and impotence of serf Russia", or Friedrich Engels:

« In the person of Nicholas, a mediocre person with the outlook of a platoon commander of the 17th century came to the throne. He was in too much of a hurry to advance towards Constantinople; the Crimean War broke out ... The southern Russian steppes, which were supposed to become the grave of the invading enemy, became the grave of the Russian armies, which Nicholas, with his characteristic cruel and stupid ruthlessness, drove one after another into the Crimea until the middle of winter. And when the last army, hastily assembled, somehow equipped and miserably supplied with food, lost about two-thirds of its composition on the way - whole battalions died in snowstorms - and its remnants turned out to be incapable of any serious offensive against the enemy, then the arrogant empty-headed Nikolai pitifully lost heart and, having taken poison, fled from the consequences of his Caesarian madness ... Tsarism suffered a miserable collapse, and, moreover, in the person of its outwardly most imposing representative; he compromised Russia in front of the whole world, and at the same time himself - in front of Russia» .

In a small cycle, starting with this article, a view of the Crimean War that is not quite familiar to our reader will be presented. A view based primarily on British, American and French documents. Reading documents from the "other" side, you discover previously unknown motives for certain actions of Russia's opponents, you see the situation through "their" eyes.

pacific knot

To begin with, as a vivid example of different views on the same event, let's take the attack of Petropavlovsk in 1854. How do domestic historians explain it to us? Allegedly, the British, taking advantage of the war, decided to capture the weakly fortified Russian settlements in the Pacific Ocean. However, in reality the situation was much more complicated. If you look at the situation through the eyes of the British, a completely different picture emerges.

Frigate "Pallada" at the Okhta shipyard

As of 1854, the Russian fleet had three 50-gun frigates in the region - Diana, Pallada and Aurora. At the same time, with the outbreak of war, the Russian consulate in San Francisco opened the issuance of letters of marque, and enterprising American captains began to acquire them en masse in order to legally rob English ships. In addition, the US government announced the possibility of using its naval bases by Russian privateers.

The British were madly frightened even by the 8-gun Russian schooner "Rogneda" of Commodore Lobanov-Rostovsky, which entered Rio de Janeiro on February 2, 1854. Here is a quote from a review by A.S. Sbignev “Review of foreign voyages of ships of the Russian Navy from 1850 to 1868. »:

« On March 10, when Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky intended to leave Rio Janeiro, the English admiral, who was stationed here with the squadron, showed his intention to take possession of the schooner.

Personal explanations of Prince Lobanov with the admiral revealed that although the war had not yet been declared, if the Rogneda left the port, it would be taken by the British and sent to the English colonies.

By the bold and prudent measures of Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky, the military team on the schooner was saved from captivity; she was sent from Rio Janeiro to Santos, and from there to Europe and through Warsaw arrived safely in St. Petersburg. Prince Lobanov himself went to Russia as a passenger.The yacht "Rogneda" was left by him in Rio Janeiro, at the suggestion of Count Medem, our Envoy in Brazil, and was subsequently sold..

Historical reflections. Part 2.

Crimean War 1853-1856

Russia-Muscovy lost the first Crimean War in the middle of the 19th century. It's sad and shameful. And none of the Nakhimovs, Kornilovs, Istomins and others could save us. They kicked the Two-Headed Crow in the ass. They say that after all this, Emperor Nikolai Palych had a heart attack or something, it’s not interesting. In short, he leaned back and died. Well, fuck him, with the scum, let him not be cold in Hell.
Now on the threshold of a new Crimean war. Let's see what the political disposition was then, and what it is now.
Then.
By the beginning of the Crimean War, Muscovy found itself in political isolation. Most of the world's states hated Russia.
Now.
By the beginning of the Crimean War, Muscovy found itself in political isolation. Most of the world's states hate the Russian Federation.
Then.
The forces of the three Empires: British, French and Ottoman united to repulse the arrogant Double-Headed Crown (Crow) in its brazen claims to "protect the rights of the Orthodox population in the Port" and attack Turkey with the clear goal of capturing Constantinople - the old dream of all the Horde and post-Horde Moscow and Petersburg tsars. Three states, three empires, competing with each other on the international arena, united to inflict economic and military damage on the presumptuous Muscovite tsar.
Now.
The forces of the United States, United Europe, Australia, the same Turkey and the entire adequate World have united to repel the arrogant Double-Headed Crown (Crow) in its brazen claims to "protect the rights of the so-called Russian population in the Crimea and Donbass" and attacks on Ukraine with the express purpose of capturing and tearing away its eight regions. The states competing with each other in the international arena united to inflict economic and military damage on the presumptuous Muscovite tsar.
Then.
The Crimean War of 1853-1856 was not only Crimean. It was waged against Muscovy all over the world.
Now.
The new Crimean War will not only be Crimean. Its full theater I can't predict yet, but its terms will obviously be shorter.
Then.
How the Crimean War ended is known. No "heroic defense of Sevastpol helped", no matter how much they convinced of this by "heroic panoramas" from papier-mâché. Franz Roubaud, it's beautiful, yes, let it stand, okay, this is history.
Now.
It can be assumed that the result will be similar.
Then.
The West made a key strategic mistake. Did not finish Russia.
Now.
The West will not make a key strategic mistake. Will finish. How many times can you step on the same rake?!

From Wikipedia.
“The Crimean War of 1853-1856, as well as the Eastern War, is a war between the Russian Empire, on the one hand, and a coalition of the British, French, Ottoman empires and the Kingdom of Sardinia, on the other. The fighting took place in the Caucasus, in the Danube principalities, in the Baltic, Black, Azov, White and Barents Seas, as well as in Kamchatka. They reached the greatest tension in the Crimea. Russia lost the war.
An essential prerequisite for the conflict was that in Europe (except for the Kingdom of Greece - "the only European country on the side of Russia"), since the 1840s, there has been an unprecedented increase in anti-Russian sentiment. The Western press emphasized Russia's desire to capture Constantinople.
A few years before the Crimean War (in 1848), Karl Marx, who himself actively published in the Western European press, wrote that a German newspaper, in order to save its liberal reputation, had to "show hatred of the Russians in time." F. Engels in several articles in the English press, published in March-April 1853, accused Russia of trying to capture Constantinople.
Also in 1853, the English liberal newspaper Daily News assured its readers that Christians in the Ottoman Empire enjoyed greater religious freedom than in Orthodox Russia and Catholic Austria.
In 1854 The London Times wrote: "It would be good to return Russia to the cultivation of inland lands, to drive the Muscovites deep into the forests and steppes." In the same year, D. Russell, leader of the House of Commons and head of the Liberal Party, said: "We must pull out the fangs from the bear ... Until its fleet and naval arsenal on the Black Sea are destroyed, Constantinople will not be safe, there will be no peace in Europe."
Sinop battle - the defeat of the Turkish squadron by the Russian Black Sea Fleet on November 18 (30), 1853, under the command of Admiral Nakhimov. The battle took place in the harbor of the city of Sinop on the Black Sea coast of Turkey. The actions of the Russian fleet caused an extremely negative reaction in the English press and received the name "Massacre of Sinop" ("Massacre of Sinope"). Ultimately, this pushed Great Britain and France to enter the war (in March 1854) on the side of the Ottoman Empire. Today, December 1 is the Day of Military Glory of Russia - the Day of the victory of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop.
(On my own. Nakhimov is a killer, not a hero! They massacred the entire population of Sinop and celebrate! That's the Muscovite scum! And why are they better than the Turks who slaughtered the Armenians in 1915?).
Consequences of the war.
The war led to the breakdown of the financial system of the Russian Empire (Russia spent 800 million rubles on the war, Britain - 76 million pounds): to finance military spending, the government had to resort to printing unsecured credit notes, which led to a decrease in their silver coverage from 45% in 1853 to 19% in 1858, that is, in fact, to more than a two-fold depreciation of the ruble (see the reforms of E.F. Kankrin). Russia was able to reach a deficit-free state budget again in 1870, that is, 14 years after the end of the war. It was possible to establish a stable exchange rate of the ruble against gold and restore its international conversion in 1897, during the monetary reform of Witte. (End quote).

I think now the consequences will be much worse. Soon we will all be witnesses to this.

On one of the Russian historical-nationalist sites http://www.rosimperija.info/post/231 I read this:
“Theft flourished in the army. During the war years, this turned into a disaster. In this regard, a well-known episode comes to mind. Nicholas I, outraged by all sorts of abuses and theft found almost everywhere, in a conversation with the heir to the throne (the future Emperor Alexander II) shared his discovery, which shocked him: "It seems that in all of Russia only two people do not steal: You and I." (On my own. Yes! I would read Putin, who stole $ 500 billion ...)
In three years, Russia lost 500 thousand people in killed, wounded and captured. The allies also suffered great damage: about 250 thousand killed, wounded and died of disease. As a result of the war, Russia lost its positions in the Middle East to France and England. Its prestige in the international arena was severely undermined. March 13, 1856 in Paris, a peace treaty was signed, under the terms of which the Black Sea was declared neutral, the Russian fleet was reduced to a minimum and the fortifications were destroyed. Similar demands were made to Turkey. In addition, Russia was deprived of the mouth of the Danube and the southern part of Bessarabia, had to return the Kars fortress, and also lost the right to patronize Serbia, Moldavia and Wallachia.
Russia's defeat in the Crimean War was inevitable. Why? "This is a war of cretins against scoundrels," F.I. Tyutchev said about the Crimean War. Too harsh? Maybe. But if we take into account the fact that others died for the sake of the ambitions of some, then Tyutchev’s statement will be accurate. (End of quote).

I would agree with Theodore Ioannovich, who refused to understand Russia-Muscovy with the mind, but here's the bad luck: who are the cretins, who are the SCRAPS?
Cretins, presumably, Muscovites who STARTED THIS WAR WITH ATTACK ON SINOP and GENOCIDE OF LOCAL TURKS.
And who are the WRONG? The British and French, who, forgetting the strife, defended these Turks? Obviously, no. So it means SCANTS are also Muscovites. So why are they at war with themselves?
Indeed, "Russia cannot be understood with the mind" ...

To be continued. Visit the site.

To the topic: https://focus.ua/archivist/341153/

Reviews

Russia-Muscovy lost the first Crimean War in the middle of the 19th century.

Well, not the Crimean War, but a truly Eastern one .... The Crimean War is only for European idiots who do not know history ....)))) ... and it was lost by the British and French in the Baltic Sea, they were able to capture only the Alan Islands and no more, lost to the British and French in the North, their attack on the Solovetsky Islands failed ... lost to the British and French in the Pacific Ocean, the attack on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ended in the defeat of the Allied landing ... on the Black Sea, the Allies did not take Sevastopol .. only the South and Ship side were captured with huge losses, and the North side remained with us ... the Allies ruined the Black Sea coast ... but that's all ... The Turks in December 1855 could not hold Kars ....