Bright lightning distorted the sky () and I saw a smoky cloudy shaft above the window. Bright lightning distorted the sky () and I saw a smoky cloudy shaft above the window Do I need a comma

Set up punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Bright lightning twitched the sky and I saw a smoky cloudy shaft above the window.

2) The ideal nobleman had to resemble the hero of chivalric novels and the character ancient history and a Christian preacher.

3) The drawing teacher drew attention to the boy's abilities and inclinations and persuaded the parents to send the child to a painting school.

4) Summer residents walk lazily under umbrellas or sit in the shade of trees.

5) Antiquity in Greece appeared before V.A. Serov in its purest form, and the artist perceived this country as a dream of great art realized.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

1) Bright lightning twitched the sky, and I saw a smoky cloudy shaft above the window.

2) The ideal nobleman had to resemble the hero of chivalric novels, and the character of ancient history, and the Christian preacher.

3) The drawing teacher drew attention to the boy's abilities and inclinations and convinced his parents to send the child to a painting school.

4) Summer residents walk lazily under umbrellas or sit in the shade of trees.

5) Antiquity in Greece appeared before V.A. Serov in its purest form, and the artist perceived this country as a dream of great art realized.

1st and 5th sentences of the BSC.

Answer: 1 and 5

Answer: 15|51

Relevance: 2016-2017

Difficulty: normal

Codifier section: Punctuation marks in SSP and sentence with homogeneous members

Rule: Task 16. Punctuation marks in SSP and in a sentence with homogeneous members

PUNCUNCATION IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE AND IN A SENTENCE WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

In this task, knowledge of two punctograms is tested:

1. Commas in a simple sentence with homogeneous members.

2. Commas in compound sentence, parts of which are connected by coordinating unions, in particular, the union I.

Target: find TWO sentences in which you need to put ONE comma in each. Not two, not three (and this happens!) commas, but one. In this case, it is necessary to indicate the numbers of those sentences where the missing comma was PLACED, since there are such cases that the sentence already has a comma, for example, with adverbial turnover. We don't count it.

You should not look for commas at various turns, introductory words and in NGN: according to the specification, only three indicated punctograms are checked in this task. If the sentence needs commas for other rules, they will already be placed

The correct answer will be two numbers, from 1 to 5, in any sequence, without commas and spaces, for example: 15, 12, 34.

Legend:

OC - homogeneous members.

SSP is a compound sentence.

The task execution algorithm should be as follows:

1. Determine the number of bases.

2. If the sentence is simple, then we find ALL series of homogeneous terms in it and turn to the rule.

3. If there are two bases, then this is a complex sentence, and each part is considered separately (see paragraph 2).

Do not forget that homogeneous subjects and predicates do NOT create a complex, but a simple complicated sentence.

15.1 PUNICATION WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

Homogeneous members of a sentence are those members that answer the same question and refer to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members of a sentence (both main and secondary) are always connected by a coordinating link, with or without a union.

For example: In the Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson, S. Aksakov describes both summer and winter pictures of Russian nature with truly poetic enthusiasm.

AT this proposal there is one series of OCs, these are two homogeneous definitions.

In one sentence there can be several rows of homogeneous members. Yes, in the proposal Soon a heavy downpour hit and covered with the noise of rain streams and gusts of wind, and the moans of a pine forest. two rows: two predicates, hit and covered; two additions, gusts and groans.

note: each row of OC has its own punctuation rules.

Consider various schemes of sentences with OC and formulate the rules for setting commas.

15.1.1. A number of homogeneous members, connected ONLY by intonation, without unions.

General scheme: OOO .

Rule: if two or more OCs are connected only by intonation, a comma is placed between them.

Example: yellow, green, red apples.

15.1.2 Two homogeneous members are connected by the union AND, YES (in the meaning of AND), OR, OR

General scheme: O and/yes/either/or O .

Rule: if two EPs are connected by a single union AND / YES, a comma is not put between them.

Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and red apples.

Example 2: Everywhere she was met cheerfully and friendly..

Example 3: Only you and I will stay in this house.

Example 4: I will cook rice with vegetables or pilaf .

15.1.3 Last OC added by union I.

General scheme: O , O and O .

Rule: If the last homogeneous member is joined by the union and, then a comma is not placed in front of it.

Example: The still life depicts yellow, green and red apples.

15.1.4. There are more than two homogeneous members and the union And repeated at least twice

Rule: For various combinations of allied (clause 15.1.2) and non-union (clause 15.1.1) combination of homogeneous members of the proposal, the rule is observed: if there are more than two homogeneous members and the union And is repeated at least twice, then a comma is placed between all homogeneous members

General scheme: Oh, and Oh, and Oh.

General scheme: and O, and O, and O.

Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and green and red apples.

Example 2: The still life depicts and yellow and green and red apples.

More complex examples:

Example 3: From the house, from the trees, and from the dovecote, and from the gallery- long shadows ran far away from everything.

Two unions and four points. Comma between OCH.

Example 4: It was sad in the spring air, and in the darkening sky, and in the car. Three unions and, three och. Comma between OCH.

Example 5: Houses and trees and sidewalks were covered in snow. Two unions and, three och. Comma between OCH.

Note that there is no comma after the last EP, because it is not between the OC, but after it.

It is this scheme that is often perceived as erroneous and non-existent, keep this in mind when completing the task.

note: this rule only works if the union AND is repeated in one row of OC, and not in the entire sentence.

Consider examples.

Example 1: In the evenings they gathered at the table children and adults and read aloud. How many rows? Two: children and adults; gathered and read. The union is not repeated in each row, it is used once. Therefore, commas are NOT put according to rule 15.1.2.

Example 2: In the evening Vadim went to his room and sat down reread letter and write a response. Two rows: left and sat down; sat down (why? for what purpose?) to re-read and write.

15.1.5 Homogeneous members are connected by the union A, BUT, YES (= but)

Scheme: O, a / no / yes O

Rule: If there is a union A, BUT, YES (= but), commas are put.

Example 1: The student writes quickly, but sloppily.

Example 2: The baby no longer whimpered, but wept uncontrollably.

Example 3: Small spool but precious .

15.1.6 With homogeneous members, unions are repeated NO NO; NOT THAT, NOT THAT; THAT, THAT; OR EITHER; OR OR

Scheme: O, or O, or O

Rule: with a double repetition of other unions (except And) neither, nor; not that, not that; then, then; or either; or, or a comma is always placed:

Example 1: And the old man paced the room, now humming psalms in an undertone, now impressively instructing his daughter.

Please note that there are also homogeneous circumstances and additions in the proposal, but we do not single them out for a clearer picture.

There is no comma after the predicate “paced”! But if instead of the union AND THAT, AND THAT would be just AND, there were three commas (according to rule 15.1.4)

15.1.7. With homogeneous members, there are double unions.

Rule: With double unions, a comma is placed before its second part. These are unions both ... and; not only but; not so much... how much; how... so much; although... but; if not... then; not that ... but; not that ... but; Not only not, but rather... than others.

Examples: I have an assignment as from the judge So equals and from all our friends.

Green was Not only great landscape painter and storyteller, but It was still and very subtle psychologist.

Mum not that angry, but she was still dissatisfied.

There are fogs in London if not everyday , then in a day for sure.

He was not so much disappointed , how many surprised by the situation.

Please note that each part of the double union is BEFORE OC, which is very important to consider when completing task 7 (type "error on homogeneous members"), we have already met with these unions.

15.1.8. Often homogeneous members are connected in pairs

General scheme: Scheme: O and O, O and O

Rule: When combining secondary members of a sentence in pairs, a comma is placed between pairs (the union AND acts locally, only within groups):

Example1: Alleys planted with lilacs and lindens, elms and poplars led to a wooden platform.

Example 2: The songs were different: about joy and sorrow, the past day and the day to come.

Example 3: Books on geography and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild corners of Bulgaria.

15.1.9.They are not homogeneous, therefore they are not separated by commas:

A number of repetitions that have an intensifying shade are not homogeneous members.

And the snow came and went.

Simple compound predicates are also not homogeneous.

He said so, I'll go check it out.

Phraseologisms with repeated unions are not homogeneous members

Neither this nor that, neither fish nor meat; neither light nor dawn; neither day nor night

If the offer contains heterogeneous definitions, which stand in front of the word being explained and characterize one object from different sides, it is impossible to insert a union between them and.

A sleepy golden bumblebee suddenly rose from the depths of the flower.

15.2. PUNCIATION MARKS IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE

Compound sentences are complex sentences in which simple sentences are equal in meaning and connected by coordinating conjunctions. The parts of a compound sentence do not depend on each other and form one semantic whole.

Example: Three times he wintered in Mirny, and each time returning home seemed to him the limit of human happiness.

Depending on the type of the coordinating union that connects the parts of the sentence, all compound sentences (CSP) are divided into three main categories:

1) SSP with connecting unions (and; yes in the meaning of and; neither ... nor; also; also; not only ..., but also; both ..., and);

2) BSC with divisive unions (that ..., then; not that ..., not that; or; or; either ..., or);

3) SSP with opposing unions (a, but, yes in the sense of but, however, but, but, only, same).

15.2.1 The basic rule for setting a comma in the SSP.

A comma between parts of a complex sentence is placed according to the basic rule, that is, ALWAYS, with the exception of special conditions that limit the effect of this rule. These conditions are discussed in the second part of the rule. In any case, in order to determine whether a sentence is complex, it is necessary to find its grammatical foundations. What should be taken into account in this case:

a) Not always every simple sentence can have both a subject and a predicate. So, frequency sentences with one impersonal part, with the predicate in indefinite personal offer. For example: He had a lot of work to do, and he knew it.

Scheme: [to be], and [he knew].

The doorbell rang and no one moved.

Scheme: [they called], and [no one moved].

b) The subject can be expressed by pronouns, both personal and other categories: I suddenly heard a painfully familiar voice, and it brought me back to life.

Scheme: [I heard ] and [it returned ]. Don't lose a pronoun as a subject if it duplicates the subject from the first part! These are two sentences, each with its own basis, for example: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests, and he was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.

Scheme: [The artist was familiar], and [he was surprised]. Compare with a similar construction in a simple sentence: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests and was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.[O Skaz and O Skaz].

c) Since a complex sentence consists of two simple ones, it is likely that each of them can have homogeneous members in its composition. Commas are placed both according to the rule of homogeneous members, and according to the rule of a compound sentence. For example: Leaves crimson, gold fell silently to the ground, and the wind circled them in the air and tossed them up. Sentence scheme: [Leaves fell], and [wind O Skaz and O Skaz].

15.2.2 Special conditions for setting signs in a compound sentence

AT school course of the Russian language, the only condition under which a comma is not placed between parts of a complex sentence is the presence common minor member.

The most difficult thing for students is to understand if there is common minor member of a sentence, which will give the right not to put a comma between the parts, or it does not exist. General means referring to both the first part and the second part at the same time. If there is a common member, a comma is not placed between the parts of the SSP. If it is, then in the second part cannot have a similar minor term, he is only one, stands at the very beginning of the sentence. Consider simple cases:

Example 1: A year later, the daughter went to school and the mother was able to go to work.

Both simple sentences can equally claim to be the adverb of time "in a year". What happened in a year? The daughter went to school. Mom was able to go to work.

Rearranging the common term at the end of the sentence changes the meaning: My daughter went to school, and my mother was able to go to work a year later. And now this minor term is no longer common, but applies only to the second simple sentence. Therefore, it is so important for us, firstly, the place of a common member, just the beginning of the sentence , and secondly, the general meaning of the sentence.

Example 2:In the evening the wind died down and start to freeze. What happened By the evening? The wind has died down. Start to freeze.

Now more complex example 1: On the outskirts of the city the snow had already begun to melt, and there was already quite a spring picture here. There are two circumstances in the sentence, each simple one has its own. That's why a comma is placed. There is no common secondary term. Thus, the presence of a second minor member of the same type (place, time, purpose) in the second sentence gives the right to put a comma.

Example 2: By night, my mother's temperature rose even more, and we did not sleep all night. There is no reason to attribute the circumstance "to the night" to the second part of the complex sentence, therefore a comma is placed.

It should be noted that there are other cases in which a comma is not placed between parts of a compound sentence. These include having a common introductory word, a common subordinate clause, as well as two sentences indefinitely personal, impersonal, identical in structure, exclamatory. But these cases were not included in the USE tasks, and they are not presented in the manuals and are not studied in the school course.

31. Indicate the correct explanation for the comma or its absence in the sentence:

Three times he wintered in Mirny () and each time returning home seemed to him the limit of human happiness.

1) A compound sentence, before the union AND, a comma is not needed.

2) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union AND, a comma is not needed.

3) A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is needed.

4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And a comma is needed.

32. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence?

Ippolit Matveyevich (1) mired in shame (2) stood under the acacia tree and (3) without looking at the walkers (4) repeated three memorized phrases.

1) 1, 2 2) 1, 2, 4 3) 1, 2, 3, 4 4) 3, 4

33. How to explain the setting of the colon in this sentence?

In the newly organized tourist camp, work was in full swing: people were carrying firewood, setting up tents, unpacking cargo.

1) The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of what is said in the first part.

2) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

3) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence.

34. Indicate the sentence in which you need to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)

1) Sheet metal is used to make machine and instrument cases and utensils.

2) Tinsmiths must know the structure of various machines and devices for sheet metal processing and be able to work on them.

3) Wood glue is produced in the form of grains or solid tiles with a shiny surface.

4) We did not go to bed for a long time and admired either the sky or the sea.

35. Indicate the sentence in which you need to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)

1) The individuality of the writer is manifested even in the preference for one or another color epithet.

2) Almost every one of French sculptors worked simultaneously in the historical and mythological and in the portrait and landscape genres.

3) Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of the houses, both centuries-old forests and cozy seaside cities.

4) The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, then impetuously and anxiously.

36. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentences?

For the writers of the 18th century (1) of course (2) the essential difference between the then colloquial "living use" and the old literary language was obvious. This literary language correlated with Russian spoken language(3) according to linguists (4) the same as the language of the past with the language of the present.

1) 1, 2, 3, 4 2) 1, 2 3) 3, 4 4) 1, 3

37. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence?

The portrait of V. Lopukhina (1) combining (2) a beautiful appearance and at the same time spiritual emptiness (3) becomes a mystery (4) hiding (5) the true intention of the artist.

1) 1, 3, 4 2) 1, 2, 3 3) 2, 4, 5 4) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

38. How to explain the setting of the colon in this sentence?

People are divided into two kinds: some think first, and then speak and act, while others speak and act first, and then think.

1) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence.

2) The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of what is said in the first part.

3) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

4) The second part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the consequence of what is said in the first part.

40. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence?

1) Bright lightning distorted the sky () and I saw a smoky cloudy shaft above the window.

2) Participles are able to both figuratively describe an object or phenomenon and present its sign in dynamics.

3) The illogical connection of words creates a special psychological effect and attracts the reader's attention and enhances the imagery.

4) Pretty soon he settled down in this area and made friends with his neighbors.

5) The work went quickly and cheerfully and was completed on time.

Task 16

A small fish jumps up (1) leaving behind on the sleepy water (2) slowly scattering (3) rings (4) that look like slaps of raindrops.

Task 17

A.P. Sumarokov, who consistently advocated the simplicity and clarity of artistic speech, was (1) of course (2) the most talented writer of the middle of the 18th century. In his poetic and dramatic works, he (3), according to many literary critics (4), relied on the everyday, everyday speech of the intelligentsia of that time.

Task 18

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

Pushkin became extremely interested in the story of P. V. Nashchokin and set about drawing up plans, and soon writing a novel (1) whose hero (2) (3) in the original plan (4) appears under the name of Ostrovsky, later changed to Dubrovsky.

Task 19

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence. Enter the numbers in ascending order.

Soon Nikolai was promoted to captain (1) and (2) when the regiment was put on martial law (3) he again received his former squadron (4) in which he was remembered and loved.

Task 20

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers. Enter the numbers in ascending order.

Parents of today's teenagers are most concerned about the fact that their children spend all day watching TV.

Parents of modern teenagers, even with a strong desire, will not be able to learn how to navigate in the virtual space.

Educated person must not use the Internet.

Modern teenagers communicate today via the Internet.

A visit to a specialist is necessary only if a teenager begins to show signs of Internet addiction.

(1) In the past few years, one more has been added to the usual fears of parents. (2) Increasingly, teenagers scare us with an addiction to virtual communication. (3)Here are examples of complaints. “(4) You can’t drag children away from the computer. (5) They sit for days. (6) Some kind of ICQ, agents, chats, forums ... "" (7) I don't understand what pleasure this can be. (8) But the son is sitting at the monitor, laughing at something, or even hitting the table with his fist. (9) It seems to me that he is going crazy - talking to himself. “(10) I used to play video games, it took a lot of time, I abandoned my lessons, and now it’s completely out of hand - as if he’s not at home. (11) All day long on the Web, he says, they have a party there ... ”(12) This is how the conversation of worried parents with teachers and psychologists begins. (13) Then the details are clarified: along with the enthusiasm for computer conversations, academic performance began to fall, the child spends all the time at home, sitting and looking at the screen. (14) The teenager does not do homework, does not help around the house, does not go outside, does not play sports. (15) Instead of talking on the phone and walking late into the night, more and more children communicate with each other via the Internet. (16) In fact, we have heard similar complaints before, only the evil did not come from the computer, but from the phone or TV. (17) The current "computer" children are the descendants of their "television" parents. (18) How was this problem solved when today's parents were teenagers? (19) Most likely, they just grew out of it ... (20) They may object to me that not everyone spent endless hours at the TV screen; someone already in his youth clearly knew what he would do in life. (21) Many became responsible early because someone had younger brothers and sisters, some were influenced by the example of responsible adults, and some - it is not known how and why. (22) And although the parents seriously feared for their future, they became completely independent people, with different professions and destinies, many families ... (23) Why am I saying all this? (24) To the fact that television turned out to be not dangerous in itself. (25) No matter how insulting it is for someone to realize their own “backwardness”, they will have to come to terms with the fact that the Internet has become a part of our life and will not go anywhere. (26) The ability to navigate in it and use its capabilities becomes a condition for a successful life in many ways. (27) From an unlimited source of information, it has also turned into a trading network, a method of communication, a means of education ... (28) Whether there will be more. (29) We should learn from children. (30) I, too, once had to go through a period of irritation and discontent. (31) And now, with the help of her son, she has become quite good at navigating in the virtual space. (32) It happens, too, “you can’t drag it away” ... (ЗЗ) Online pastime is quite acceptable for teenagers. (34) Most likely, this harmless hobby lies within the age norm. (35) Although in some cases it is necessary to analyze the situation. (Z6) If virtual communication has become an all-consuming passion, the teenager has closed or become aggressive, impoverished him vocabulary or there are other symptoms that concern you, you should not postpone a visit to a specialist. (37) It is only important to consider: the fight will have to be waged not with a computer, but with the reasons that gave rise to addiction.

Exercise 1

Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

Walking or talking with a friend was equally enjoyable for me.
The dusk hid the outlines of Olga's face and figure and threw a veil over her.
Life on earth was not easy, and therefore I fell in love with the bottomless sky.
Learning and labor will grind everything.
In college, he was passionately engaged in both the humanities and the natural and mathematical disciplines.

Explanation

The first sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis with homogeneous subjects: (what?) stroll , (what?) the conversation was pleasant OR . So, we do not put a comma in this sentence: Walking or talking with a friend was equally enjoyable for me.

The second sentence is also simple, because it has one stem with homogeneous predicates: dusk (What did you do?) hid , (What did you do?)threw . Predicates are connected by a single union And . Do not put a comma before it. And there are homogeneous additions: outlines(what?) faces , (what?) figures , which are also connected by a single union And , before which we do not put a comma. So there are no commas in this sentence: The dusk hid the outlines of Olga's face and figure and threw a veil over her.

The third sentence is difficult because it has two grammatical bases: the first - lived (consists of one predicate), the second - I love . Parts of a compound sentence are connected by a union And . They do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or introductory word, there is no common subordinate clause. So, in a compound sentence before the union And put a comma: Life on earth was not easy, and therefore I fell in love with the bottomless sky.

The fourth sentence is simple because it has one grammatical stem with homogeneous subjects: (what?) learning , (what?) labor will grind . Subjects connected by a single conjunction YES in meaning And Learning and labor will grind everything.

The fifth sentence is simple because it has one stem: he was doing disciplines(what?) humanitarian , (what?) natural and mathematical AS , SO AND . We put a comma before the second part of the union: In college, he enthusiastically engaged in both the humanities and the natural and mathematical disciplines.

Therefore, the correct answer is sentences 3 and 5.

Explanation

When performing this task, first of all, determine the grammatical bases in the sentence: one base is a simple sentence, two or more are complex. Then determine if there are homogeneous members in the sentence, whether they are connected by an allied or unionless bond, and apply the appropriate rule accordingly.

We will consider each proposal.

The first sentence is simple, because it has one grammatical basis, but with homogeneous subjects and homogeneous predicates: (who?) children , (who?) adults (what they were doing?) were going , (what they were doing?) read . Homogeneous subjects are connected by a single conjunction And , before which we do not put a comma. And homogeneous predicates are connected by a single union And , before which we do not put a comma. So there are no commas in this sentence: In the evenings, children and adults gathered at the table and read aloud.

The second sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis: intonation lies . The proposal has homogeneous members - additions: on the brink(what?) verbal , (what?) non-verbal , (what?) said , (what?) unsaid . They are grouped in pairs, and in each pair the words are connected by a single conjunction. And , which is not preceded by a comma. But between themselves, these pairs are connected by an union-free connection, which means that a comma must be placed between them (before the second pair of words): Intonation always lies on the verge of verbal and non-verbal, spoken and unsaid.

The third sentence is complex: it has two grammatical bases - silence reigned and the sun was sinking . Parts of the sentence are connected by a union And , they do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or an introductory word, there is no common subordinate clause. So before the union And In a compound sentence, put a comma: Silence reigned, and the sun sank into the ashes of the clouds.

The fourth sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis: Ivan was sleepy and lazy . adjectives sleepy , lazy are included in a compound nominal predicate, connected by a single union YES in meaning And , do not put a comma before it: Ivan was almost always sleepy and lazy.

The fifth sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis, consisting only of the predicate: wanted to catch . There are homogeneous members of the sentence - circumstances: wanted to catch(where?) in the clearing , (where?) on the shore . They are connected by a single union OR , which is not preceded by a comma: I wanted to catch a bear somewhere in a clearing or fishing on the river bank.

Therefore, the correct answer is sentences 2 and 3.

Task 3

Some watercolor works refer to both painting and graphics.
The ocean seemed to freeze and rumble quietly and insinuatingly.
You can give answers orally or in writing.
Watermelon and sang and sugar and very tasty.
On the side of the street, a lush crimson maple stood by the picket fence and dropped its leaves into a small garden.

Explanation

When performing this task, first of all, determine the grammatical bases in the sentence: one base is a simple sentence, two or more are complex. Then determine whether there are homogeneous members in the sentence, whether they are connected by an allied or non-union relationship, and, depending on this, apply the appropriate rule.

We will consider each proposal.

The first sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis: (what?) works (what do they do?) relate relate(to what?) to painting , (to what?) to graphics . They are double bonded AS , SO AND . We put a comma before the second part of this union: Some watercolor works refer to both painting and graphics.

The second sentence is simple, because there is one grammatical basis, but with homogeneous predicates: the ocean seems to freeze, roars And , which is not preceded by a comma. There are also homogeneous members - circumstances: rumbles(as?) quiet , (as?) insinuatingly And , which is not preceded by a comma: The ocean seemed to freeze and rumble quietly and insinuatingly.

The third sentence is simple - it has one grammatical basis: (who?) you (what you are doing?) can give . There are homogeneous members of the sentence - definitions: in the shape of(which?) oral , (which?) written OR OR , so we put a comma before the second union: You can give answers orally or in writing.

The fourth sentence is simple, it has one grammatical basis with homogeneous predicates: (what?) watermelon (what?) sang , (what?) saccharist , (what?) delicious . (Short adjectives act as predicates.) All three homogeneous predicates are connected by repeating conjunctions And...And , before the second and third unions we put commas: Watermelon and sang, and sugar, and very tasty.

The fifth sentence is simple, it has one grammatical basis with homogeneous predicates: (what?) maple (what have you been doing?) stood , (what have you been doing?) dropped And , before which we do not put a comma. Pay attention to the definitions for the word maple: lush and scarlet . They are not homogeneous, as they characterize the object according to different features: shape - lush, Colour - scarlet. So, do not put a comma: On the side of the street, a lush crimson maple stood by the picket fence and dropped its leaves into a small garden.

Therefore, the correct answer is sentences 1 and 3.

Task 4

Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

Life for an indifferent person quickly loses its colors and he is left alone with his well-being.
Almost every French sculptor worked simultaneously in the historical-mythological and portrait and landscape genres.
Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, centuries-old forests and cozy seaside towns.
The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, now impetuously and anxiously.
Human thinking is formed with the help of language and is firmly connected with it.

Explanation

We will consider each proposal.

The first sentence is difficult because it has two grammatical bases: (what?) a life (what is he doing?) loses and who?) is he (what is he doing?) remains . Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a single conjunction And , they do not have a common minor member of the sentence or introductory word and there is no common subordinate clause. So, in a compound sentence, we put a comma before the union: Life for an indifferent person quickly loses its colors, and he is left alone with his well-being.

each of the sculptors (what have you been doing?) have worked . There are similar definitions for the word genres:(what?) historical and mythological , (what?) portrait , (what?) landscape . They are connected by repeating alliances And...And , but the homogeneous series is started before the first union, so we put commas before it and the following: Almost every French sculptor worked simultaneously in the historical-mythological, portrait and landscape genres.

The third sentence is simple - one grammatical basis: (who?) Green (what have you been doing?) could describe . The sentence has homogeneous members - additions: could describe (what?) bend , (what?) location , (what?) forests , (what?) cities . These additions are grouped into two pairs. In the first pair, the words are connected by a double conjunction AS , SO AND (as bend, so and location), put a comma before the second part of the union. In the second pair, the words are also connected by a double conjunction AS , SO And (as forests, so and cities), also put a comma. Between themselves, these pairs of homogeneous additions are connected by an union-free connection, which means that we put a comma between them. There are three commas in this sentence: Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of the houses, both centuries-old forests and cozy seaside cities.

The fourth sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis: (what?) forest (what have you been doing?) noisy . There are homogeneous members of the sentence - circumstances: noisy(as?) lullingly , (as?) melodiously , (as?) impetuously , (as?) anxious . These circumstances are grouped into two pairs. In the first pair, the words are connected by a single conjunction And (soothing and melodiously), before which we do not put a comma. In the second pair - also a single union And (impetuously and anxious), do not put a comma. Between themselves, these pairs are connected by repeating alliances THAT ... THAT , put a comma before the second union: The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, then impetuously and anxiously.

The fifth sentence is simple - it has one grammatical basis, but with homogeneous predicates: (what?) thinking (what is he doing?) formed , (what is he doing?) turns out to be related. Predicates are connected by a single conjunction And Human thinking is formed with the help of language and is firmly connected with it.

Therefore, the correct answer is sentences 1 and 4.

Task 5

Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

Bright lightning distorted the sky and I saw a smoky cloudy shaft above the window.
The ideal nobleman had to resemble the hero of chivalric novels and the character of ancient history and the Christian preacher.
The drawing teacher drew attention to the boy's abilities and inclinations and convinced his parents to send the child to a painting school.
Summer residents lazily walk under umbrellas or sit in the shade of trees.
Antiquity in Greece appeared before V.A. Serov in its purest form, and the artist perceived this country as a dream of great art realized.. Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a union And . They do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or an introductory word, there is no common subordinate part, which means that in a compound sentence we put a comma before the union: Bright lightning shook the sky, and I saw a smoky cloud above the window.
The second sentence is simple - it has one grammatical basis: (who?) nobleman (what have you been doing?) should have looked like . There are homogeneous members of the proposal - additions: should have looked like(on whom?) on the hero , (on whom?) per character , (on whom?) on the preacher . Additions are connected by repeating alliances And...And , but the homogeneous series begins before the first union, so we put commas before it and before the next: The ideal nobleman had to resemble the hero of chivalric novels, and the character of ancient history, and the Christian preacher.

The third sentence is simple - it has one grammatical basis, but with homogeneous predicates: (who?) teacher (What did you do?) noticed , (What did you do?) persuaded to give . Predicates are connected by a single union And , before which we do not put a comma. There are also similar additions: noticed(for what?) on ability , (for what?) inclinations . They are also connected by a single union And , before which we do not put a comma: The drawing teacher drew attention to the boy's abilities and inclinations and convinced his parents to send the child to a painting school.

The fourth sentence is simple - one grammatical basis, but with homogeneous predicates: (who?) summer residents (what do they do?) walk , (what do they do?) sitting . Predicates are connected by a single union OR , before which we do not put a comma: Summer residents lazily walk under umbrellas or sit in the shade of trees.

The fifth sentence is complex, it has two stems: (what?) antiquity (what did you do?) appeared and who?) artist (What did you do?) perceived . Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a union And . They do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or introductory word, there is no common subordinate clause. So, in a compound sentence, we put a comma before the union: Antiquity in Greece appeared before V.A. Serov in its purest form, and the artist perceived this country as a dream of great art realized.

Therefore, the correct answer is sentences 1 and 5.

45 minutes are allotted.

The answers to tasks 1-11 are a number. The answers to tasks 12–18 are a number, a word, a phrase or a sequence of numbers and words. Write your answer in the answer field in the text of the work. You can use a gel, capillary or fountain pen. When completing assignments, you can use a draft. Draft entries do not count towards the assessment of the work. The points you get for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the largest number points.

We wish you success!

Circle the correct answer(s).

Bacteria are truly ubiquitous. Thousands and even millions of bacteria live in air and water, in any lump of soil and in every living organism. They can be found in upper layers atmosphere at a height of several tens of kilometers and in deep underground wells; in boiling volcanic springs and in the thickness of the Antarctic glaciers.

(From the encyclopedia)

1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

1) Bacteria live everywhere.

2) Bacteria can live in the harshest conditions.

3) Thousands or even millions of bacteria live in every living organism.

4) Bacteria live in every living organism.

2. Give an example with an error in the formation of the numeral form.

1) one hundred twenty-fifth 3) forty-three

2) three hundred and fifteen 4) two thirds

3. Give an example with a grammatical (syntax) error.

1) admire the music 3) pay for the purchase

2) work according to a schedule 4) not feel cold

4. The meaning of which word is defined incorrectly?

1) WEEKDAY - working, not holiday

2) AUTOBIOGRAPHY - a description of the life of a famous person

3) SMART - well and quickly thinking, quick-witted

4) FORMULAR - library registration card

5. What linguistic concept is illustrated by a couple of words:indifference – sympathy?

6. Which sentence has no speech errors?

1) The vocabulary of modern schoolchildren is somewhat different than that of their predecessors.

2) Those who will be the first to call the editorial office and answer correctly will receive a prize.

3) The phone number that identified the mobile phone that was recently presented to me was unknown to me.

4) I think that you shouldn't have consulted your father at first.

7. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY.

1) It is better to (not) add salt than oversalt.

2) Not a single whitening sail can be seen today.

3) Through the windows, still (not) closed for the night, the room was filled with surprisingly fresh air.

4) In the morning, nothing (did not) resemble yesterday's storm.

8. Indicate the sentence in which you need to put one comma (punctuation marks are not placed).

1) Bright lightning twitched the sky and I saw a smoky cloudy shaft above the window.

2) The ideal nobleman had to resemble the hero of chivalric novels and the character of ancient history and the Christian preacher.

3) The drawing teacher drew attention to the boy's abilities and inclinations and persuaded the parents to send the child to a painting school.

4) Summer residents walk lazily under umbrellas or sit in the shade of trees.

9. Indicate the correct explanation for the placement of a comma or its absence at the gap in the sentence.

Grandmother read a fairy tale to the little ones and furtively examined the new guest.

1) Difficult sentence, before the union And a comma is needed.

2) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union AND, a comma is not needed.

3) A complex sentence, before the union And a comma is not needed.

4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And a comma is needed.

Read the text and do the tasks for it.

(1) Amazing July day. (2) One of those days that happens when the weather has settled for a long time. (3) From early morning the sky is clear. (4) The dawn does not burn with fire: it spreads with a soft blush. (5) The sun, not fiery, not incandescent with heat, as during a sultry drought, but bright and welcomingly radiant, peacefully rises above a narrow and long strip of fog. (6) Around noon, a lot of round high clouds usually appear, golden gray, with delicate white edges.

(7) Like islands scattered along an endlessly overflowing river flowing around them with transparent stripes of even blue, they almost do not budge. (8) By evening, these clouds disappear. (9) The last of them, blackish and indefinite, like smoke, fall in pink puffs against the setting sun. (10) At the place where it set as calmly as it calmly ascended into the sky, the scarlet radiance of dawn stands for a short time over the darkened earth, and, quietly blinking, like a carefully carried candle, the first evening star will light up on it. (11) Such days are always memorable. (12) They remain in the soul for a long time, as everything beautiful that summer nature gives a person remains in it.

10. Which statement contradicts the content of the text?

2) The morning dawn on a July day reminds the author of a blazing fire.

3) compares clouds appearing in the sky around noon with islands.

4) Summer nature gives a person a lot of beauty.

11. Determine the style and type of speech of the proposed text.

1) artistic, description.

2) journalistic, reasoning.

3) journalistic, narration.

4) scientific, description with narrative elements.