Unionless difficult sentence
In a non-union complex sentence, the following punctuation marks are used: comma, semicolon, colon and dash.
Comma put when listing: The waves sounded, the sun shone, the sea laughed.
Semicolon put when sentences are less connected in meaning: Windows opened; dawn; late birds flew away.
Colon placed in the following cases:
Dash placed in the following cases:
TASKS FOR INDEPENDENT WORK:
No. 1 From a simple sentence, form compound sentence, in which underline the main terms.
Sample execution:
Despite the late autumn, migratory birds could still be seen in the forest. - stood already late autumn but still in the forest could be seen migratory birds.
1. Despite the strong overwork, I did not want to sleep.
2. Due to prolonged rains, the marshes became completely impassable.
3. At the end of the report, the audience asked the speaker a lot of questions.
4. Due to the onset of darkness, tourists pitched tents for the night.
No. 2 Write down only those compound sentences in which you do not need to put a comma. Underline the common minor member or common subordinate clause.
1. In early April, starlings were already making noise and yellow butterflies were flying around the garden.
2. It became stuffy in the house and I went out into the air to freshen up.
3. In the slanting rays of the setting sun, the buildings of the port city brightly whiten and the coastal sands turn golden.
4. The night was already falling on the mountains and the fog began to wander through the gorges.
5. When the moon appeared from behind the clouds, everything around brightened and a silver path appeared on the sea.
6. The forests rustle with the great oceanic rumble and the tops of the pines bend after the passing clouds.
7. Suddenly, in the lower floor under the balcony, a violin played and two gentle female voices sang.
#3 Rewrite complex sentences by inserting letters. Place punctuation marks, underline grammatical basics.
1. When I took up for nothing, it became clear that the next year would be good.
2. Everyone seemed to be (as if) waiting for (not) whether he would still sing.
3. Who once fell in love with science, he loves it for life and (neither, never) when he does not part with it voluntarily.
4. In the dark sky, which was dotted ... but with thousands of stars, barely visible ... stars flashed.
5. The tiger that roams ... in the Ussuri Territory is larger than its Indian ... counterpart.
6. The forest stands silently, (immobilely) as if it peers somewhere with its tops.
7. It was already evening when the train approached the station where we were supposed to get off.
8. The old man warned us that if n ... the year does not improve ... about hunting ... (not) what to think.
#4 Rewrite non-union complex sentences by inserting missing letters. Place punctuation marks(colon or dash).
1. Love a book, it will help you sort out ... in a motley confusion of thoughts, it will teach you to respect a person.
2. Suddenly I feel someone (someone) takes me by the shoulder and pushes me.
3. He called himself a loader half ... zay in the back.
5. The weather was terrible, the wind howled, wet snow fell in flakes.
6. The night shadow approached the river ... in the valley more already (neither, not) what could not be distinguished ... in the darkness.
7. The sun is burning strongly in the evening, perhaps a thunderstorm will gather.
8. I swallowed ... affairs around the triumph ... about and the kingdom ... about it was night.
9. Take care… the wound is not dangerous.
10. A week passed, another he did not return home.
Subject: Performing exercises "Compound and complex sentences."
Target: to consolidate students' knowledge of compound (CSP) and complex (CSP) sentences.
Written work plan:
Exercise number 1. SSP:Indicate the correct explanation of punctuation in the sentence (answer form - number - letter):
| A. A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is needed. B. Simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And no comma is needed. B. A compound sentence, before the union AND, a comma is not needed. D. A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And a comma is needed. | 1. The day was fading () and the evening darkness began to quickly approach. 2. The fog cleared () and the outlines of objects became clearer. 3. The tops of the pines () rang melodiously and the aspens whispered barely audibly. 4. We couldn’t sit at home () and we decided to visit our old friends. 5. The road was getting worse () and we decisively turned back. 6. The sun warmed up quite like summer () and the starlings, returning from warm lands, began to build nests. 7. A short downpour passed () and the streets smelled of the bitter sweetness of birch buds. 8. The sky became lighter every minute () and now the bright rays of the sun broke out from behind the mountains. 9. On holidays, she dressed up as a simple woman () and it really suited her. 10. Branches of flowering cherries look out the window () and the wind sometimes strews my table with white petals. |
Exercise 2. SSP:From a simple common sentence, form a complex one.
Example: Despite the late hour, birds could still be heard in the forest. - It was late, but you could still hear the birds singing in the forest.
1) Despite the strong overwork, I did not want to sleep. 2) Due to prolonged rains, the swamps became completely impassable. 3) At the end of the report, the audience asked the speaker a lot of questions. 4) After a detailed discussion of the plan for the upcoming excursion, the students set off.
Exercise 3. WBS:In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers denoting commas between parts of a complex sentence.
1. - Earlier, (2) it happened, (3) he ate another head of cheese, (4) but on that day, how stubborn: I don’t want to, I don’t want to! He says (5) that he dined at home.
2. All of Russia speaks Russian, (1) and what kind of idiot are you? Well, tell me someone in our family, (2) so that you don’t know Russian? Eh, (3) your poor grandfather, (4) who, (5) having lived in Russia for seven years, (6) spoke Russian better than the postmaster Ivan himself!
3. Then I read my favorite poems, (1) which, (2) although they are not in the program, (3) are required to study, (4) I will still read in the exam, (5) and now I want to read Mary .
4. He is already standing here, (1) probably, (2) half an hour, (3) therefore everyone, (4) of course, (5) guessed his fascination ... Kintel stepped back, (6) feeling, (7 ) how ears and cheeks fill with warmth.
5. And, (1) maybe (2) it is no coincidence that at these heights, (3) not overcome by a glacier, (4) an unprecedented battle broke out almost thirty years ago, (5) from which, (6) as uncle thought Sasha, (7) the saved peoples could start a new reckoning.
6. - Let's go, (1) - grandfather suddenly says and enters the rhododendron bushes.
- Where? - I ask and, (2) in order not to be alone, (3) I run after him. Now I notice (4) that a barely visible path passes through the thickets.
7. After all, he already knew (1) that he was ugly. And his freckles and naughty reddish-whitish curls, (2) which no comb could smooth, (3) he simply hated.
8. Yes, (1) from the very moment, (2) how I became aware of myself, (3) and until the last minute, (4) when you are exhausted, (5) quietly, in last time laid her head on my chest, (6) seeing me off on a difficult path of life, (7) I always remember your hands at work.
9. -I studied very easily and quickly, (1) - Shchepkin continued his story, - for as soon as I was six years old, (3) I had already learned the wisdom - the alphabet, (4) the book of hours and the psalter ... The book of hours and the psalter - two church books, (5) which were completely memorized.
10. You already know (1) what awaits around the corner, (2) because you lost count of them, (3) but you can’t order your heart, (4) and it freezes in your chest again and again, (5) and you stubbornly hope to be in time understand, (6) think, (7) write.
11. I will only say (1) that among these words there were many such, (2) that I met with love and joy. And now I'm talking only about those (3) that disgusted me.
12. A scream, (1) full of despair and torment, (2) ripped up the silence, (3) hit the rocky slopes of the ravines and returned to the savannah with a biting echo, (4) informing its inhabitants, (5) that the owner of these places went hunting - leopard.
13. But Irakli Andronikov showed me Goethe's letter, (1) in which the "darling" says, (2) that, (3) if there was at least one completely happy month in his life, (4) he would, (5) most likely, (6) and considered his whole life happy.
14. And then the laughter goes aside, (1) and in its place is reverence for the past, (2) great pride, (3) that it was and that I remember it.
15. Smiling, (1) she threw back the collar from her lips, (2) pulled off her mittens with her teeth, (3) on which small ice floes stuck, (4) breathed on her chilled fingers and carefully looked around.
16. The whole family, together with the “boys” and nieces, sat down at a large table in the evening in the dining room, (1) which was a room with a grandmother’s iconostasis, (2) traditional tropical plants by the windows and a large bookcase, (3) behind the glass of which were placed all kinds of portraits: family portraits, (4) schoolgirl daughters in uniforms alone and in groups, (5) godchildren-nephews in student jackets ...
Similar information.
An exercise. From a simple common sentence, form a complex one.
Sample: Even though it was late, you could still hear the birds singing in the forest. - It was late, but you could still hear the birds singing in the forest.
1. Despite the strong overwork, I did not want to sleep. 2. Due to prolonged rains, the marshes became completely impassable. 3. At the end of the report, the audience asked the speaker a lot of questions. 4. After a detailed discussion of the plan for the upcoming excursion, the students set off.
An exercise. Rewrite the sentences, underline grammatical basics and make diagrams.
1. Snow was slowly falling outside the window, and a snowy, clear light lay on the walls of the room (A. Tolstoy). 2. Monthly light fell from the windows in pale blue, pale silver arches, and in each of them there was a smoky shadow cross, gently breaking on the illuminated armchairs and chairs (Bunin). 3. The sun set, and golden dust stood over the city (A. Tolstoy). 4. The train started, and she stopped, looking with wide blue eyes at the cars flashing along the platform (Bunin). 5. It was quiet in the garden, only the bird sometimes tossed and fell asleep again in the linden branches, and the tree frogs gently groaned, and the fish splashed in the pond (A. N. Tolstoy).
An exercise. Write the text, insert the missing letters. In complex sentences, highlight the grammatical bases. Make a diagram of the 5th sentence.
It was from .. the middle of March. In .. sleep this year stood out .. was even, friendly. From time to time. We have already ridden in k..forests along roads covered with thick mud. Snow still lay in snowdrifts in deep forests and in so ..nist ..enemies, but on the fields it settled, became loose and dark, and from (under) it (in some) places more ..mi bald ..we are still. .blacked out, greasy, steamed on the so..nce earth. B.. the cut buds swelled, and the lambs on the willows from white became fat, fluffy and huge. The willow has blossomed.
Bees ..ly flew out .. from the streets for the first bribe, and in the forest villages ro ..ko showed ..the first snowdrops.
We (not) .. ardently waited for the summer of the old signs.. lumpy wells.
(According to A. Kuprin.)
An exercise. Explain the punctuation marks in the following compound sentences. Highlight the unions that connect the parts of the sentences.
1. The plane was climbing, and Big city with squares and rectangles of quarters quickly decreased before our eyes (Azhanov). 2. He appeared at our construction site only six months ago, and we immediately became friends (Chakovsky). 3. The hot sun longingly looked for the wind, but there was no wind (Turgenev). 4. Either I did not understand myself, then the world did not understand me (Lermontov). 5. Warm summer rain fell all night, and by morning the air was fresh, it smelled strongly of lilacs, and I wanted to run out into the garden as soon as possible (Nagibin). 6. He never cried, but at times a wild stubbornness came over him (Turgenev).
An exercise. Indicate in which cases the union and is used in compound sentences, and in which cases - in sentences with homogeneous members. Put the appropriate punctuation marks.
1. Mountains stretched on the right side of these meadows and the Dnieper (Gogol) was burning and darkening in a slightly noticeable distance. 2. It became dark and the street gradually became empty (Chekhov). 3. We walked towards the sea and soon found ourselves on a rocky ledge hanging over the abyss (Nagibin). 4. Cranes fly away and low autumn clouds cover the sky (Soloukhin). 5. The summer was dry and hot, and the glaciers in the mountains began to melt already in the first days of June (Babel).
An exercise. Put the necessary punctuation marks.
1. By evening it got colder and the puddles were covered with thin ice. 2. In early April, starlings were already making noise and yellow butterflies were flying in the garden (Chekhov). 3. Dark rain clouds were moving in from the east and moisture was sipping from there. 4. Sunrise rose and fell again and the horse was tired of galloping in the steppes (Svetlov). 5. In blue sky clouds float and migratory birds rush by (Prishvin). 6. Soon the whole garden, warmed by the sun, caressed, came to life and dew drops like diamonds sparkled on the leaves, and the old long-running garden this morning seemed so young and smart (Chekhov). 7. The swallows disappeared, and yesterday at dawn all the rooks were flying, and like a net they flickered over that mountain (Fet).
An exercise. Write with the missing punctuation marks. Highlight the grammatical bases in compound sentences.
1. The memory of the past of Russia is kept not only by the manuscripts of ancient authors, ancient burial mounds and settlements, but also by old geographical names hide some historical facts. 2. KamAZ is known as a supplier of heavy dump trucks and this fact allows it to actively use its trademark. 3. The Trinity-Sergius Lavra was founded in the 14th century and the monks still maintain the tradition of hospitality. 4. A strong cyclone hit Sakhalin, but communication with the mainland was not interrupted.
(The concept of a complex sentence. The main types of complex sentences)
1. In what case is a complex sentence given?
a) Every language belongs to a society known to the public union.
b) Idle thought’s friend, my inkwell, I have adorned my varied age with you.
c) If there is patience, there will be skill.
d) Approaching the porch, he noticed two faces looking out of the windows almost at the same time: a woman's face in a cap, narrow and long, like a cucumber, and a man's, round, wide, like Moldavian pumpkins.
2. What complex sentence consists of three simple ones?
a) Life is terrible and wonderful, and therefore, no matter what terrible story you tell in Russia, no matter how you decorate it with robbers' nests, long knives and miracles, it will always echo in the listener's soul with reality.
b) Some shops are flooded with light, and it seems that people are swimming in them, like fish in the water of aquariums.
c) I remember that when you used to come to us for holidays or just like that, the house became somehow fresher and brighter, as if the covers were removed from the chandelier.
d) The color of the animal was so similar to the color of the bark that if it had remained motionless, it would have been completely impossible to notice.
3. What complex sentence consists of four simple ones?
a) To see and hear a writer for me, a provincial - I was then working in Siberia - would be an extraordinary, dazzling happiness, which I could not even hope for.
b) I noticed that wherever you go, you will find something wonderful.
c) I wanted to throw myself on my father’s neck and, as Anisya taught, bow at his feet, but the view of the dacha with Gothic windows restrained me.
d) Camus came to literature with the realization that life is meaningless, and the sky is empty, and this, to a certain extent, paralyzed his humanistic aspirations.
4. Which sentence is compound?
a) Heine created The Winter's Tale in Paris, where Turgenev wrote Fathers and Sons.
b) As soon as the December dawn began, Anochka went out into the street.
c) Wilderness and game in the forest, but clear clearings are divided into regular numbered squares.
d) How he got here - he could not understand this at all.
5. Which sentence is complex?
a) I will answer you very simply, since we are already friends.
b) On both sides - high, up to five meters high, impregnable walls of reeds, which have long been called krepey, but the deaf thickets of green dense thickets are called the Caspian jungle.
c) The most delicate shades of colors - red, crimson, yellow and green - painted the cloud, the rays also changed their color every moment.
d) Then blows were heard, then the wheels sang.
6. Which sentence is a complex non-union?
a) I don't know if there will be a date.
b) Since these verses are written, I look at them as a commodity.
c) No matter how warm the rain was, we began to feel cold.
Test tasks
(Compound sentence and its grammatical features)
1. What scheme reflects the structure of a compound sentence?
a) or , or .
b) , (what...).
d) (if...), .
2. In what case are unions given that can connect parts of a compound sentence?
a) what if, when
b) but, however
c) because, due to the fact that, because
d) how, although
3. In what case are parts of a compound sentence connected by a connecting union?
a) Mitya slept with uncovered windows, and the garden and the moon looked through them all night.
b) It was foggy in the morning, but by breakfast the weather cleared up.
c) Either a corncrake will start screaming behind a neighboring bush, then a pood fish will strike with a cannon shot.
d) I don’t want to think about anything, or thoughts and memories wander, vague, unclear, like a dream.
4. In what case are the parts of a compound sentence connected by a disjunctive union?
a) The sea shone, everything was in bright light, and the waves beat menacingly against the stone.
b) Only the heart beats, but the song sounds, but the string quietly rumbles.
c) Neither the viburnum grows between them, nor the grass turns green.
d) You either listen or let others listen.
5. In what case are parts of a compound sentence connected by an adversative union?
a) The root of the doctrine is bitter, but its fruits are sweet.
b) Either the bird is flying, or the rain is making noise.
c) Her face was pale, her slightly parted lips also turned pale.
d) This artist is talented, and yet his paintings do not touch you.
6. In what case are parts of a compound sentence connected by a double connecting union?
a) Bunin was incredibly curious, and he always needed to know the life around him in every detail.
b) But with bluebells, the calyx always leans towards the ground, and with these unknown flowers, the calyxes stood, stretched upwards.
c) The inspector walked around the classroom with concentrated anger, not saying a word, and that was bad form.
d) Not only I could not endure this circus performance, but my sister looked at the trained animals with longing, resentment and pity.
Test tasks
(Punctuation marks in a compound sentence)
1. In what case does the union and connects parts of a compound sentence?
a) The corridors and the large room stood bare and empty and seemed unusually spacious and bright.
b) Mela blizzard-blizzard and chilled the blood.
c) It is getting fresher, and the mountains, blown by the sea air, take on purple tones.
d) Only thoughts rush about, and fight, and welcome that restlessness.
2. In what case is a comma needed before the union?
a) Shine high in the sky blue stars and the milky white moon shines.
b) A horn blows in the yard and dogs howl to different voices.
c) The windows to the garden are raised and a cheerful autumn coolness blows from there.
d) Silence and solitude.
3. In what case is a comma not needed before the union?
a) The sun has set and it is getting dark.
b) It was freezing and behind the snowy fields, in the west, dimly shining through the clouds, the dawn turned yellow.
c) And the forests would not grow without the sun and the bread in the fields would not ripen.
d) It is blowing cold and snowing from the window.
4. In which case are punctuation marks incorrectly placed in the sentence?
a) Love knows no fear, and rejects fear, and rises from the dust.
b) And why is this strange night, and why is this sleepy ship standing in a sleepy sea?
c) It sweeps and there is no end to the blizzard.
d) The snow melted and washed away the trail.
5. In which case are punctuation marks incorrectly placed in the sentence?
a) Petersburg Street aroused in me a thirst for spectacles, and the very architecture of the city inspired me with a kind of childish imperialism.
b) The comedy was staged under his direction, and he himself rehearsed with the actors.
c) A lot was said about Pushkin and something was said, little was said about Lermontov and nothing was said.
d) Someone gives me a hand, and someone smiles.
1. Womit beschäftigt sich die Gerontologie?
2. Was für eine Rolle spielt im Leben die Bewegung?
3. Dürfen altere Menschen Sport treiben?
4. Welcher Versuch wurde im Forschungsinstitut für Körperkultur angestellt?
5. Wie wirken Körperübungen auf den menschlichen Organismus ein?
8. Write out only those sentences that correspond to the content of the text and translate them into Russian.
1. Es existieren an die zweihundert Theorien, welche die Ursachen des Alterns sowohl des gesamten Organismus als auch der einzelnen Zellen und sogar der Moleküle zu ergründen suchen.
2. Die Bein- und Fußmuskeln, die sich in fast dauernder Bewegung befinden, altern auch so schnell wie z.B. die weniger trainierte Bauchmuskulatur.
3. Korperkultur und hohes Alter? In dieser Gegenüberstellung liegt etwas Widernatürliches.
4. Sportler, die in den älteren Jahren ihre sportliche Betätigung aufgeben, leiden im gleichen Masse an den typischen Alterskrankheiten wie diejenigen, die nie Sport getrieben haben.
5. Die Körperübungen wirken nicht so günstig auf den Stoffwechsel und das Kreislaufsystem.
Second option
1. Form a compound sentence from two simple sentences using the unions given in brackets and translate them into Russian.
1. Abends spielt meine Mutter oft Klavier. Bei ihrem Spiel denke ich ans Meer oder ans Gewitter. (und) 2. Bis sechs Uhr machte ich meine Hausaufgaben. Später spielte ich Fußball mit meinen Schulfreunden. (dann) 3. Die Prüfungen sind schon ganz nah. Wir müssen den ganzen Stoff wiederholen. (deshalb) 4. Gestern wollten wir einen Ausflug machen. Es regnete den ganzen Tag. (aber) 5. In Puschkins Familie wurde immer französisch gesprochen. Puschkin sprach als Kind ausgezeichnet französisch. (denn)
2. From the sentences given below, write out only additional subordinate clauses and translate them into Russian.
1. Der Lehrer hat uns gesagt, dass wir bald ein Diktat schreiben werden. 2. Er hat gefehlt, weiler lange krank war. 3. Die Reisenden fragten den Reiseführer, welche Sehenswürdigkeiten sie in Berlin besichtigen werden. 4. Da ich sehr müde bin, bleibe ich lieber zu Hause. 5. Die Eltern wollten wissen, ob ihre Tochter sie am Wochenende besucht.
3. Insert the particle zu where necessary.
1. Erhort mich Klavier ______ spielen.
2. Er hat versprochen, _______ kommen.
3. Ein Glück, dass sie_______ rauchen aufgehört hat.
4. Das Buch blieb auf dem Tisch _____ liegen.
5. Er hat mir versprochen, heute Abend _____ kommen.
6. Wir können diese Aufgabe ______ erfüllen.
7. Wir lehrten ihn gewissenhaft mit den Büchern _____________(umgehen).
8. Er muss noch lernen sich auf der Bühne frei und schön ______bewegen.
9. Du brauchst das Hotelzimmer nicht______________ (abbestellen).
10. Nach dem Spiel laufen die Kinder________ essen.
4. Make a sentence using the infinitives um…zu, statt…zu, ohne…zu.
1. Fahre mit der U-Bahn, um…zu… (den Zug nicht verpassen). 2. Statt…zu… (ein Telegramm aufgeben), ruft sie mich an. 3. Er ging vorbei, ohne…zu… (uns bemerken). 4. Die Touristen machen eine Rundfahrt durch die Stadt, um…zu… (alle Sehenswürdigkeiten besichtigen). 5. Statt…zu… (die Wörter übersetzen), liest das Mädchen den Text.
Form a compound sentence from two independent ones using the indicated unions 1) Ralf hat einen Text übersetzt. Er hat leider viele Fehler gemacht.(aber) 2) Karl geht in die Schule. Seine kleine Schwester bleibt zu Hause.(und) 3) In diesem Sommer war das Wetter sehr schön. Wir haben vielgebadet. (deshalb) 4) Zuerst hören die Kinder einen Text von der Kassette ab. Sie beantwortet die Fragen des Lehrers (dann) 5) Ich gehe heute nicht ins Kino. Ich muss meinen kranken Freund besuchen.(denn)
Form a compound sentence from two independent ones using the indicated unions 1) Ralf hat einen Text übersetzt. Er hat leider viele Fehler gemacht.(aber) 2) Karl geht in die Schule. Seine kleine Schwester bleibt zu Hause.(und) 3) In diesem Sommer war das Wetter sehr schön. Wir haben vielgebadet. (deshalb) 4) Zuerst hören die Kinder einen Text von der Kassette ab. Sie beantwortet die Fragen des Lehrers (dann) 5) Ich gehe heute nicht ins Kino. Ich muss meinen kranken Freund besuchen.(denn)
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Ralph Form a compound sentence from two independent ones using the indicated unions 1) translated text. He made many mistakes. (a) 2) Carl goes to school. His little sister stays at home. (and) 3) this summer, the weather was very pleasant. We bathed a lot. (therefore) 4) the first children listen to the text from the cassette. You answered the teacher's questions (then) 5) I'm not going to the cinema today. I have to visit my sick friend. (because)
