Exercise 225 Determine what each sentence is: 1) simple; 2) complex; 3) transitional (from simple to complex). Produce full parsing simple suggestions.

1. Do not look for beauty, but look for kindness. 2. Softly spread and hard to sleep. 3. Although he is not rich, he is happy with guests. 4. An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. 5. Prepare a sleigh in summer and a cart in winter. 6. The further into the forest, the more firewood. 7. Better late than never. 8. Beware of troubles while they are not. 9. Trust in God, but don't make a mistake yourself. 10. The word is not a sparrow, you will not catch it.

11. Seeing the goat wolf forgets about the thunderstorm. 12. The people are worried about the sea by the wind. 13. Do not rush to answer, hurry to listen. 14. What is written with a pen cannot be cut down with an ax. 15 What is the demand for that and the price. 16. Life is not a field to pass. 17. A person without will is like porridge without salt. 18. Quieter you go further you will. 19. Business time fun hour. 20. Done business walk boldly. 21. Away is good, but home is better. 22. If you don't know how to sew with gold, hit it with a hammer. 23. Pick a berry and pick a box. 24. By clothes they meet according to the mind they see off. 25. If it goes wrong, it's better to quit right away. 26. To be afraid of a wolf and not to go into the forest. 27. Expensive and cute cheap and rotten. 28. What you do not want for yourself, do not wish for another. 29. Love and advice, and there is no grief. 30. It would be health, the rest will be. (Proverbs.)

Exercise 226 Determine the type of each sentence: 1) compound; 2) complex; 3) non-union complex sentence; 4) transitional case.

1. You work a lot, but there is no benefit in this. (I. Krylov.)

2. I only had blue paint, but despite this I started to draw a hunt. (L. Tolstoy.) 3. Suddenly I feel someone takes me by the shoulder and pushes me. (I. Turgenev.) 4. Everything breathes truth in it, everything

it is feigned and false. (M. Lermontov.) 5. The public did not like him, but personally the prince was extremely sympathetic. (A. Chekhov.) 6. Neither she will touch anyone nor anyone will touch her. (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin.) 7. Let not every warrior harm the enemy, but everyone go into battle! (N. Nekrasov.) 8. They didn't care if people listened to them and looked at them. (A. Fadeev.) 9. Nezhdanov did not know what to say to her and, having drunk tea, put on his hat and went towards the birch grove (I. Turgenev.) at a higher level, water filled the hollows, penetrating all the loopholes and flooding the forest ... (V. Arseniev.) 11. The closer to Samara, the cheaper bread. (D. Furmanov.) 12. As soon as the wind blows, clouds of sulfate are carried away into the desert, covering everything around with sparkling bitter powder. (K. Paustovsky.)

13. All you know is that you go from place to place. (A. Chekhov.) 14. Manilov sat all the time and smoked a pipe that lasted until dinner. (N. Gogol.) 15. A pinch of fox hairs would not be sorry for her tail (I. Krylov.) 16. No matter how easy it was to mow wet and weak grass, it was difficult to go down the steep slopes of the ravine. (L. Tolstoy.) 17. The Cossack did not have time to answer when a young girl in a wide dark blouse appeared on the threshold of the door behind him

cropped in a circle. (I. Turgenev.) 18. A little morning the cannons and forests lit up the blue tops of the French right there. (M. Lermontov.)

19. And as soon as he sees the earth in the darkness of the night, again his heart trembles and his eyes burn with fire. (M. Lermontov.) 20. If she were with her son, she would be calmer. (N. Ostrovsky.)

Exercise 227. Indicate by what means the parts of these complex sentences are connected: 1) intonation; 2) union; 3) allied word; 4) union bond; 5) index word; 6) the ratio of predicate forms; 7) incompleteness of one of their parts; 8) the order of the parts; 9) structural parallelism; 10) typed lexical elements.

1. Do not sit idly by, and there will be no boredom. (Proverb) 2. Why am I worse than him, that I have to live like this? (M. Bubennov.) 3. From nine in the morning until six in the evening, all you know is that you are hanging around here. (A. Kuprin.) 4. Suddenly the wind blew with such force that he almost snatched the bundle and matting from Yegorushka. (A. Chekhov.) 5. Dunya sat in a wagon next to the hussar, the servant jumped on the box, the coachman whistled, and the horses galloped. (A. Pushkin.) 6. I would be glad to serve - it's sickening to serve (A. Griboyedov). 7. After a few moments, I get up and see: my Karagez lies, waving his mane (M. Lermontov). 8. We were once short friends, but an evil hour came - and we parted like enemies (L. Tolstoy). 9. Judas is ready for anything with aphorisms: if you get confused yourself - unravel it yourself, if you like to ride - love to carry sleds, knew how to brew porridge - know how to clear up (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin). 10. The air is empty, the birds are no longer heard, but far from the first winter storms, and pure and warm azure is pouring onto the resting field (F. Tyutchev). 11. That Nozdrev is a notorious liar, it was known to everyone (N. Gogol). 12. Hadji Murat remembered his son as he saw him in last time(L. Tolstoy). 13. The room where Ilya Ilyich lay, at first glance, seemed perfectly cleaned (I. Goncharov). 14. Nina carried porridge, Vitya - an empty saucepan with a spoon (K. Fedin). 15. I woke up, but laziness overcame (I. Turgenev). 16. Late autumn sometimes happens just like early spring: there is white snow, there is black earth. Only in spring from the thawed patches it smells of earth, and in autumn - of snow (M. Prishvin). 17. Let them tyrannize as they want, even if they take the skin off the living - I will not give up my will (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin). 18. It is worth cracking the ice floe again, and the frosty night will shudder all over, and buzz, and groan (V. Korolenko). 19. Everyone is sleeping, that's why no one walks the streets, except for the common people (I. Goncharov).

20. In less than a quarter of an hour, the growing chirping of engines filled everything around (A. Fadeev).

Compound sentence

Exercise 228 structural type compound sentences: 1) open structure; 2) closed structure. Parse the closed structure sentences.

1. A soldier walks through the city, along an unfamiliar street, and the whole street is bright from the smiles of girls. (M. Tanich.) 2. The tree bakes with the sun, then with hail, then it whips with rain. (I. Krylov.) 3. It may be easy to live without love, but how, tell me, to live without love. (N. Dorizo.) 4. You work hard, but there is no benefit in this. (I. Krylov.) 5. There, in silence, the summer sun was already shining, and dusk was still on the ground. (K. Paustovsky.) 6. Neither the sun I can see the light, nor for my roots there is no space, nor the breezes around me have freedom. (I. Krylov.) 7. And the earth becomes kindred, and it’s easier for hearts to understand each other ... (A. Cross.) 8. Outside the window lies the night landscape with white clouds, and the moon flies above it. (V. Syutkin.) 9. And outside the window the wires are still moaning, and the train rushes me into the Siberian frosts. (V. Kuzmin.) 10. The waves whisper, and sigh, and call, but they will not understand, wonderful, they will not understand. (I. Matvienko.) 11. A new meeting is the best remedy for loneliness, but don't forget about what happened. (Yu. Antonov.) 12. You, like Atlantis, have disappeared, but I have not forgotten about you. (L. Derbenev.) 13. Autumn Avenue was full of people, and everyone was not up to our love, and in the ocean of open umbrellas you disappeared from sight. (L. Derbenev.)

14. And I forget about everything in the world with you, and I rush headlong into love, like into the sea. (L. Kozlova.) 15. And you are as cold as an iceberg in the ocean, and all your sorrows are under black water. (L. Kozlova.) 16. Let your warmth stay with you, and my ice of unrealizable desires. (V. Kuzmin.) 17. Recognition can give everything: both joy and flight, but it is only important to find your calling. (I. Talkov.) 18. I have a diploma, but the thing is that I am an almighty magician only on paper. (L. Derbenev.) 19. There are many close and distant paths, but you reject all paths. (V. Inber.) 20. Poetry, like a comforting angel, saved me, and I was resurrected in soul. (A. Pushkin.) 21. Will I fall, pierced by an arrow, or will it fly by? (A. Pushkin.) 22. Bird cherry blossoms, but elderberry blossomed, and strawberries bloomed under it. (M. Prishvin.) 23. I think we are alien to each other, but there is hardly a kindred soul. (M. Lermontov.) 24. In words, this way and that, but in reality nothing. (Proverb.) 25. The world is full of joy and happiness, but the native land

dearest of all, and it is so beautiful to return under the roof of your house. (Yu. Antonov.)

Exercise 229. Indicate the semantic relationships between the parts of a compound sentence: 1) connecting; 2) separating; 3) adversative; 4) connecting.

1. A lot of things are said, but not everything is good for business. (Proverb.)

2. The darkness of the night descended on the trembling city; but for a long time the inhabitants did not sleep and talked among themselves about the past day. (A. Pushkin.) 3. For a long time neither the ringing of the bell nor the sound of wheels on the flinty road was heard, and the poor old man was still standing in the same place in deep thought. (M. Lermontov.) 4. The cannonade became weaker, but the rattle of guns from behind on the right was heard more and more often. (L. Tolstoy.) 5. I loved him for his direct and unhypocritical disposition, and besides, he was dear to me from my memories. (I. Turgenev.) 6. They, of course, do not know me, but I do know them. (F. Dostoevsky.) 7. It was supposed to give Seryozha to the gymnasium, and therefore, it was required to acquaint him with at least the first foundations of ancient languages. (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin.) 8. Kostya, close the window, otherwise it's blowing. (A. Chekhov.) 9. I don’t want to think about anything, or thoughts and memories wander, muddy and unclear, like a dream. (A. Serafimovich.) 10. The comrades treated him hostilely, the soldiers truly loved him. (A. Kuprin.) 11. People were very hungry, the horses also needed rest. (V. Arseniev.) 12. Natasha spoke in a whisper, and the grandfather and the forester also spoke in an undertone. (K. Paustovsky.) 13. Cannons rust in arsenals, but shakos shine. (K. Simonov.) 14. Either he was going to enter the zoological garden as a lion tamer, or he was drawn to the fire business. (V. Kaverin.) 15. They gave six fur coats for Nadia, and the cheapest of them, according to her grandmother, cost three hundred rubles! (A. Chekhov.) 16. She passionately wanted to live, she wanted to go to St. Petersburg, and meeting Sasha already seemed like a sweet, but distant, distant past.

(A. Chekhov.) 17. The view of the earth is still sad, but the air is already breathing in spring, and the stalk sways dead in the field, and the oil stirs the branches. (F. Tyutchev.) 18. Fragrant bird cherry hung out, and golden greenery burns in the sun. (S. Yesenin.) 19. It was quiet, cool in the garden, and dark, calm shadows lay on the ground. (A. Chekhov.) 20. It was still only the twelfth, but they were already driving on wheels, and starlings were rustling in the garden. (A. Chekhov.) 21. Sleepy birch trees smiled, silk braids tousled, green earrings rustle, and silver braids burn. (S. Yesenin.) 22. Dymov was not in the living room, and no one remembered his existence. (A. Chekhov.) 23. Frogs tore themselves in the surrounding swamps, and the smell of wild rosemary smelled to a headache. (K. Paustovsky.) 24. Almost a week has passed, and I have not yet met the Ligovskys. (M. Lermontov.) 25. It began to dawn, the sky cleared, only one cloud lay in the east. (L. Tolstoy.) 26. Life is given once, and you want to live it cheerfully, meaningfully, beautifully. (A. Chekhov.) 27. One more, last effort, and I am free! (I. Turgenev.) 28. The snow is still white in the fields, and the waters are noisy in spring. (F. Tyutchev.) 29. A fire of red mountain ash burns in the garden, but it cannot warm anyone. (S. Yesenin.) 30. The birches blossomed, the oaks stood bare. (A. Chekhov.)

Exercise 230. Determine the semantic relationships between the parts of compound sentences with the union and: 1) temporary; 2) causal; 3) conditionally-investigative; 4) connecting; 5) opposing.

1. Put on your skates and let's skate together. (L. Tolstoy.) 2. We said goodbye again, and the horses galloped. (A. Pushkin.)

3. Another minute - and I'm on the toe of the cliff. (G. Fedoseev.) 4. Do not tease the dog - and it will not bark. (Proverb.) 5. I don’t know you, Daria Mikhailovna, and therefore I can’t like you. (I. Turgenev.)

6. I was thirsty all day, and Gurov often went into the pavilion and offered Anna Sergeevna either water with syrup or ice cream. (A. Chekhov.) 7. The insult is severe, and the society of officers decides the duel. (A. Kuprin.) 8. He became hot, and he opened his sheepskin coat.

(L. Leonov.) 9. Remove the stump in the spring day, and the stump will be nice. (Proverb.) 10. Several weeks passed, and my life in the Belogorsk fortress became for me not only tolerable, but even pleasant. (A. Pushkin.) 11. The birches turned yellow overnight to the very tops, and the leaves fell from them in a frequent and sad rain. (K. Paustovsky.) 12. A cricket always screamed here at night and mice fussed. (A. Chekhov.) 13. But you started the business, Lichonin - and do it. (A. Kuprin.) 14. He knew how to make a mistake - know how to get better. (Proverb.)

15. But now, I conjure you by God, do this for my son, and I will consider you a benefactor. (L. Tolstoy.) 16. And you leave your magnificent words, and let's talk businesslike. (M. Sholokhov.) 17. Never say these words to me, and we will be good friends. (L. Tolstoy.) 18. But the day has passed, and there is no answer. (A. Pushkin.) 19. Kolosov did not like questions, and I was lost in conjectures. (I. Turgenev.) 20. Know how to want - and by the power of desire the Lord's spirit will rush along the strings. (K. Balmont.) 21. The March sun shone brightly, and hot rays fell on the table through the window panes. (A. Chekhov.) 22. Her heart was relieved, and she was no longer angry with the artist. (A. Chekhov.) 23. Rostov is not

believed his eyes, and this doubt lasted for more than a second. (L. Tolstoy.) 24. Tomorrow I'm leaving, and you will go to the station to see me off. (A. Chekhov.) 25. You look - and suddenly it's midnight in the yard. (A. Pushkin.)

Exercise 231. Establish semantic relationships between parts of compound sentences: 1) simultaneity; 2) sequence; 3) alternation; 4) causal relationships; 5) conditionally-investigative relations; 6) transfer; 7) opposition; 8) comparison; 9) mutual exclusion; 10) non-compliance; 11) uncertainty; 12) recompense; 13) explanation; 14) accession; 15) gradation. Determine the means of communication of predicative units. In what sentences is there a syncretism of semantic relations between the parts?

1. And the heart beats in rapture, and for it the deity, and inspiration, and life, and tears, and love have risen again. (A. Pushkin.)

2. We always only remember about happiness, and happiness is everywhere. (I. Bunin.)

3. Poor Nadenka has nowhere else to hear those words, and there is no one else to pronounce them. (A. Chekhov.) 4. In July, evenings come early in the south and the air darkens quickly. (A. Chekhov.) 5. The door opened and guests appeared. (I. Turgenev.) 6. The tree bakes with the sun, then with hail, then it whips with rain. (I. Krylov.) 7. The dogs could not put up with my presence, and for a long time their growl was heard. (I. Turgenev.) 8. I will order him to stand on the river for a day, a month, a year, and he will stand. (A. Chekhov.) 9. And Pushkin looks kindly, and the night has passed, and the meetings go out, and the gentle taste of native speech cools the lips so cleanly. (A. Akhmatova.)

10. The snow is still whitening in the fields, and the waters are noisy in spring. (F. Tyutchev.)

11. He is already over forty, and she is thirty ... (A. Chekhov.) 12. Either you are dressing now, or I will leave alone. (A. Pisemsky.) 13. I thought you were a man, but you are still a child. (M. Lermontov.) 14. The messenger did not return from Remizov: either he was killed on the way, or Remizov could not help in any way. (K. Simonov.) 15. Cannons rust in arsenals, but shakos shine. (K. Simonov.) 16. We were sleeping, that is, my sister was sleeping,

and I lay with my eyes open and thought. (V. Korolenko.) 16. Not only Sonya could not stand it without paint, but the old countess and Natasha blushed, noticing this look. (L. Tolstoy.) 17. Natasha winked at her brother, and both did not hold back for long and laughed loudly ... (L. Tolstoy.) 18. The transparent forest alone turns black, and the spruce turns green through the hoarfrost, and the river shines under the ice. (A. Pushkin.) 19. The old prince was still in the city, and they were waiting for him every minute. (L. Tolstoy.) 20. My mother, his mother-in-law, still adores him, and still he inspires her with sacred horror. (A. Chekhov.) 21. With an absent-minded, unsteady hand, I collected flowers for poetry, and at this hour we met with you, admirer and priestess of beauty. (A. Fet.) 22. The play ended, and I was waiting for approval, praise, enthusiasm. (K. Stanislavsky.) 23. I am doing God's work, and I cannot be interfered with. (L. Tolstoy.) 24. Bolkonsky is my guest in the house and here in Brunn, and I want to treat him as much as I can with all the joys of life here. (L. Tolstoy.) 25. When meeting with her, he will casually say two words to her, and annoyance looms in these two words. (I. Goncharov.) 26. You are tired, rest for half an hour, and I will sit there, wait. (A. Chekhov.) 27. I want to live, I love success, I love fame, noise, and here - as in exile. (A. Chekhov.) 28. I do not need anything, but I am outraged by injustice. (A. Chekhov.) 29. Savelich did not argue with him and did not bargain as usual, and yesterday's suspicions were completely erased from his head. (A. Pushkin.) 30. The novel "The White Guard" is not only talented prose, but also a very curious document of the era. (K. Simonov.)

Exercise 232 Find compound sentences with a common member.

1. The sun was rising outside and the birds were singing loudly. (A. Chekhov.) 2. Both friends kissed very tightly and Manilov took his guest into the room. (N. Gogol.) 3. Everyone's eyes turned and their noses stretched towards the letter. (I. Goncharov.) 4. The doctor's face frowned and the corners of his mouth trembled. (K. Paustovsky.) 5. Was it really or did it seem to Kutuzov? (L. Tolstoy.) 6. Soon after sunrise, a cloud ran up and a short rain splashed. (A. Pushkin.) 7. Did fate bring us together again in the Caucasus, or did she come here on purpose knowing that she would meet me? (M. Lermontov.) 8. You were always strict with me and you were fair ... (I. Turgenev.) 9. The sun was burning unbearably and a warm wind was blowing in the morning. (A. Tolstoy.) 10. I did not want to go home and there was no need to go there. (A. Chekhov.) 11. Thunder is about to break out and refreshing rain will pour on the bare fields. (According to K. Paustovsky.) 12. Each time, Makar's breath was taken away for a minute and there were some purple circles in his eyes. (V. Korolenko.) 13. He will sell the skin tomorrow and the old woman will not beat him. (V. Korolenko.) 14. An alarming squeak of a sleeping bird is heard from the forest or an indefinite sound is heard similar to someone's voice. (A. Chekhov.) 15. And the fogs themselves were torn to shreds and the stars burned day and night and the three-eyed bird rang and a fairy tale walked on tiptoe. (A. Prokofiev.) 16. Subsequently, the whole neighborhood suddenly changed, took on a gloomy character and a thunderstorm began. (According to K. Paustovsky.) 17. At times, the light of the moon seemed to melt, the snow darkened and immediately a reflection of the northern lights shimmered on them. (V. Korolenko.) 18. But most often the bay froze only near the coast and then it was impossible to go to the islands

to get either by ship or on horseback. (K. Paustovsky.) 19. Nightingales sing their spring songs, dandelions are still preserved in sheltered places, and maybe somewhere a lily of the valley is turning white. (M. Prishvin.) 20. Rooks have long been walking around the yard, starlings and larks have also arrived. (S. Aksakov.) 21. The gate went out into the alley and thick branches of an old poplar hung low over them. (V. Korolenko.) 22. Autumn has come, the flowers have dried up and the bare bushes look sadly. (A. Fet.) 23. The forest showered its peaks, the garden bared its forehead, September breathed and the dahlias burned with the breath of the night. (A. Fet.) 24. Love is an unknown country and we all sail there each on our ship and each of us is a captain on our ship and leads the ship in our own way. (M. Prishvin.) 25. And the river began to smoke over the entire space of yellow fields, and the night ascended into heaven, quietly lighting up the stars. (A. Maikov.) 26. The luminary of the day, blushing through the fog, sits proudly behind the mound and, separating the rows of rainy clouds along the ground, a farewell ray glides. (M. Lermontov.) 27. Somewhere on the street there was a knock on the gate and a pig grunted in the shed. (A. Chekhov.) 28. Was this intention seriously nestled in her, or was she just joking ... (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin.) 29. There are no miracles and there is nothing to dream about. (V. Mayakovsky.) 30. Katya's lips did not smile and her dark eyes expressed bewilderment. (I. Turgenev.)

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Slides captions:

Unionless complex sentences

Let's repeat the punctuation in a simple sentence Directly and to the right, the native freedom of the loop of the river, the lake, the meadows of the fields and the village is widely spread. Further still, the water and the shore and the cloud all merged into impenetrable darkness. All around the green grass on the street, the foliage rustling from the wind on the trees, the sun overhead - it looked indescribably joyful and attractive.

Colon in BSP (observation) The weather was terrible: the wind howled, wet snow fell in flakes. I am sad: there is no friend with me. I feel: all my blood rushed to my face. I looked out the window: the stars were shining in the cloudless sky.

Colon in BSP I could not sleep: in front of me in the darkness, a boy with white eyes was spinning. I could not sleep, because in front of me in the darkness a boy with white eyes was spinning.

Conclusion: The second sentence indicates the reason for what the first one says.

Colon in BSP After a few moments, I get up and see: my Karagyoz is flying, waving his mane. After a few moments, I get up and see that my Karagyoz is flying, waving his mane.

Conclusion: The second sentence complements the first.

Colon in BSP I woke up: dawn was already breaking. I woke up and saw that it was already dawn.

Conclusion: Sometimes in the first sentence the words and saw, and heard, and felt, etc. are omitted.

Colon in BSP A terrible thought flashed through my mind: I imagined it in the hands of robbers. namely

Conclusion: The second sentence reveals the content of the first.

Colon in BSP (punctuate) He felt unwell body was weak in the eyes there was a dull pain. The moon was not in the sky; at that time it rose late. Suddenly I feel someone grabs my shoulder and pushes me.

Dash in the BSP (observation) Ignat pulled the trigger - the gun misfired. The rank followed him - he suddenly left the service. Our home is ours to take care of. If we win, you will build a stone house. You will believe by eye - you will measure crookedly. Look - the ruble will give.

Dash in the BSP I have been serving for sixteen years - this has never happened to me. I was driving here - the rye was starting to turn yellow. Gruzdev called himself get in the body. During the night, everyone rested - you can again take on the interrupted work. I have been serving for sixteen years, but this has never happened to me. When I was driving here, the rye began to turn yellow. If you call yourself a loader, then climb into the body. During the night everyone rested, so you can again take on the interrupted work.

Conclusion: The sentences indicate a quick change of events The sentence contains a contrast The first sentence indicates the time or condition for the action. What is said in the second sentence The second sentence contains the result, the conclusion of what is said in the first What is said in one sentence is compared with what is said in another

Dash in BSP (place punctuation marks) Harsh air washed the face cold water the dream passed immediately. The wind blew from the mountains, it will rain. Summer stores, winter eats. They plow the arable land without waving their hands.

Put the punctuation marks Grushnitsky did not endure such a blow as all the boys, he has a claim to be an old man. Beauty only touched with a careless hand, it will disappear forever. If you don't want to go, stay. He asked for the Caucasus was refused. The day will come when you get to work. There are two people in me, one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him. I hear a tit ringing among the yellowing fields.

Place punctuation marks Look around the chains of mountains turn blue like giants in a formidable crowd. Soon everyone calmed down, the birds became quiet, the air froze, the fire went out. I strained my eyesight and still saw nothing but ice and white snow.

Put the punctuation marks In the summer, starlings are difficult to see and live in dense forests. If you don't want to go, stay. I looked out of the wagon, everything was dark and whirlwind. Spruce is good only in sunlight, then its usual blackness is seen through the thickest, most powerful greens.

1. To imagine Vera's life, / 1 he had to be transported a quarter of a century ago, while, / 2 when he was a student, thin, mobile / 3 . ( to- p.) 1 , [ noun + uk. sl.] 2 , (when- from. sl.) 3 - SPP with parallel subordination.
2. If he [Paustovsky] will write, / 1 what from a distant glacier vaguely pulled violets, / 2 then it's still does not mean, / 3 what the smell of violets was indeed audible at a distance of several kilometers / 4 . ( if- from. ch.) 1 , (what- p.) 2 , [ then Ch.] 3 , (what- p.) 4 - SPP with parallel and serial subordination.
3. When everyone went out for dinner / 1 And she was left alone with Ulyasha, / 2 Zhenya remembered, / 3 how then everyone in the kitchen laughed at her stupid question / 4 . NGN proposal, consists of 4 simple sentences; the third is the main thing, the rest are subordinate; subordinate clauses are connected with the main uniformly and in parallel.
   I and II clauses (sentences 1 and 2) are clauses of time; they refer to the entire main clause (sentence 3); means of communication - union when(in the II subordinate union is omitted, but can be restored); subordinate clauses come before the main clause. The adverbs of time are connected to each other by a single connecting union And so there is no comma between them.
   III clause (sentence 4) is an additional clause; it refers to the predicate in the main clause remembered, expressed by the verb; means of communication - union how; the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.
   (when- p.) 1 And (-) 2 , [ch.] 3 , (how- p.) 4 - SPP with homogeneous and parallel subordination.
4. They were sitting at one of windows, / 1 which were so dusty, prim And huge, / 2 what seemed some institutions bottle glass, / 3 where can't stay in a hat. [ noun] 1 , (which- from. sl. cr. adj. + uk. sl.) 2 , (what- from. noun + uk. sl.) 3 , (where
5. And in the morning she began to ask questions about, / 1 what is Motovilikha / 2 and what they did it at night, / 3 and found out, / 1 what Motovilikha - state-owned plant / 4 and what they make cast iron there / 5 . [ noun + uk. sl., 1 (what- from. next) 2 And (what- from. sl.) 3 , ch.] 1 , (what- p.) 4 And (what- p.) 5 - SPP with parallel and homogeneous subordination.
6. Before talk about your journey to the “land of fearless birds”, / 1 to me I want to explain , / 2 why I took it into my head to go from the center of the mental life of our country in such wilds, / 3 where people are engaged in hunting, fishing, believe in sorcerers - in a word, they live almost a primitive life / 4. ( before- p.) 1 , [ ch.] 2 , (why- from. sl. noun + uk. sl.) 3 , (where
7. When Zhenya later remembered that day on the Osinskaya street, / 1 where they then lived, / 2 he always seemed to her so, / 3 what she saw him that second long day, at the end of / 4 . ( when- from. noun) 1 , (where- from. next) 2 , [ places.-skaz.] 3 , (what- from. cl.) 4 - SPP with parallel and serial subordination.
8. In case spoke, / 1 what the general himself would be even more angry, / 2 what his irresistible ferocity was tamed as quiet as an angel, general's wife, / 3 which none of the cadets saw /4 because she was constantly ill, / 5 but which everyone considered him a good genius who guarded the Cadets from the general's ultimate ferocity. [ ch.] 1 , (what- p.) 2 , ( what- from. noun) 3 , (which- from. sl.) 4 , ( because- p.) 5, but (which- from. sl.) 6 - SPP with consistent and homogeneous subordination.
9. Pierre, / 1 to which looked condescendingly, / 2 when is he was the illegitimate son, / 3 whom caressed and glorified, / 4 when is he was the best groom Russian Empire, / 5 after his marriage, / 1 when brides and mothers nothing to expect from him, / 6 strongly lost in mind society / 1 . [ noun 1 , (to which- from. sl.) 2 , ( when- p.) 3 , ( whom- from. sl.) 4 , ( when- p.) 5 , 1 , ( when- p.) 6 , ] 1 - SPP with homogeneous, parallel and sequential subordination.
10. Kutuzov ordered to prepare for a new battle, / 1 to finish off the enemy, / 2 not because, / 1 to he wanted to deceive someone, / 3 but because, / 1 what did you know, / 4 what enemy defeated / 5 . [, one ( to- p.), 2 uk. sl., 1 (to- p.), 3 uk. sl.] 1 , (what - s. ch.) 4 , (what- p.) 5 . - NGN with parallel, homogeneous and sequential subordination.
11. On a quiet August afternoon, / 1 when everything in nature sparkled and shone, / 2 but according to some still imperceptible signs, the quiet sadness of withering was already felt in the hot air, several pilots / 1 . [ , 1 (when- p.) 2, but (-), 3] 1 - SPP with uniform subordination.

    1

    time ↓

    (when- s.) 2 but (-) 3

12. And dad read a note about, / 1 what last night, the seismic station of the observatory noted small tremors in our city - a consequence of a distant earthquakes,/ 2 epicenter whom located on the Asia Minor coast of the Black Sea, in Turkey, / 3 where destroyed several villages / 4 . [noun + uk. sl.] 1 , (what- from. noun) 2 , (whom- from. sl. noun) 3 , (where- from. sl.) 4 - SPP with sequential subordination.
13. Zuev liked Stepan Bukov with a feeling inner dignity , / 1 which inherent in people who have never given up anything for that, / 2 to it was easier for them, / 3 when others find it difficult / 4 . [ noun] 1 , (which- from. sl. uk. sl.) 2 , (to- p.) 3 , ( when
14. But that's why Litvinov is so calm and simple, that's why so self-confidently looks around, / 1 what his life clearly, clearly lies before him, / 2 what his fate was determined / 3 and what he is proud of this fate and rejoices in it / 4 . [ cr. etc., ch. + uk. sl.] 1 , (what- p.) 2 , ( what- p.) 3 and ( what- p.) 4 - SPP with uniform subordination.
15. Hunters repeatedly noticed, / 1 what / 2 as soon as red deer will visit salt licks, / 3 then roe deer leave them for a more or less long time / 2 .
    NGN proposal, consists of 3 simple sentences; the first is the main thing, the rest are subordinate; subordinate clauses are connected with the main one sequentially.
    I clause (sentence 2) is an additional clause; it refers to the verb noticed expressed by the verb in the main clause; means of communication - union what; The subordinate clause comes after the main clause.
    II clause (sentence 3) is a clause of time; it refers to the entire main clause (sentence 2); means of communication - double union as soon as... then; subordinate clause in the middle of a main clause. Two unions that as soon as at the junction of different clauses they will not be separated by a comma, since the second part of the double union follows - then.
16. What would neither waiting ahead, / 1 what would neither was tomorrow, / 2 he glad, / 3 what returned / 4 and what will meet this day with comrades / 5 . ( whatever- from. sl.) 1 , ( whatever- from. next) 2 , [ cr. adj.] 3 , (what- p.) 4 and ( what- p.) 5 - SPP with homogeneous and parallel subordination.
17. Accompanied by a telephonist with a reel of cable and two messengers, they were at the top, / 1 when the sun was already approaching the horizon / 2 And its first rays tried to break through cloudy and veiled sky / 3 . one , ( when- p.) 2 and (-) 3 - SPP with homogeneous subordination.
18. He [Zvyagintsev] painfully tried recall, / 1 how these places looked like before, / 2 to get your bearings And define, / 3 where plant is located / 4 . [ ch.] 1 , (how- from. sl.) 2 , ( to- from. ch.) 3 , (where- from. sl.) 4 - SPP with uniform subordination.
19. He was happy to meet Ivan Maksimovich not only because, / 1 what since the battles on Luga, I had not seen Korolev and knew nothing about his fate, / 2 but also because, / 1 what with the unexpected appearance of Korolev, Zvyagintsev disappeared, the feeling of some alienation that owned him disappeared without a trace, uncertainty about, / 3 what he will be able to quickly find his place in this non-military team / 4 . [ uk. sl., 1 (what- p.) 2, uk. sl.] 1 , (what- from. noun + uk. sl.), 3 (what- p.) 4 - SPP with homogeneous and consistent subordination.
20. If at first he thought, / 1 what he loses precious time, / 2 what he must dispose of something, command something, / 3 then now he made sure that, / 4 what air defense is well organized / 5 And it is very useful for him to become more familiar with the formulation of the case / 6 . ( if- from. ch.) 1 , (what- p.) 2 , ( what- p.) 3 , [ then Ch. + uk. sl.] 4 , (what- p.) 5 And(-) 6 - NGN with serial, parallel and homogeneous subordination.
21. They [old people] spoke, / 1 what, / 2 when the tunnel will be finished, / 3 it is necessary to transfer the wagons to Bek-Tash, / 2 because“a man with a wooden nargil” (as they called Khorobrykh, who did not let his pipe out of his mouth) wants to build railway from the northern fields to Bek-Tash / 4 . [ ch.] 1 , (what- p., 2 ( when- p.), 3), 2 ( because- p.) 4 - SPP by sequential and parallel subordination. The sentence is complicated by a plug-in construction - a sentence so they called Khorobrykh, who did not let his pipe out of his mouth, which is highlighted in brackets and is not included in the general scheme of the sentence.
22. I think, / 1 what / 2 if I would get on North Pole or, say, to the magnetic pole, / 3 then a boy with a fishing rod would definitely sit there and sniffle, guard cod at the ice hole, and on magnetic pole I would pick out a piece of magnet / 2 from the ground with a broken knife. [ ch.] 1 , (what- from. 2 ( if
23. Many have been barely dragging their feet for a long time, but went with their last strength, knowing, / 1 what / 2 if they will not go out onto the highway until evening and will not cross it at night, / 3 then all their previous efforts are meaningless / 2 . [ dep.] 1 , (what- from. 2 ( if- p.), 3 then) 2 - SPP with sequential subordination.
24. Artemiev confirmed, / 1 what leading surgeon of the medical battalion that same, / 2 what was under Serpilin / 3 . [ ch.] 1 , (what- from. places.-skaz.), 2 (what- from. cl.) 3 - SPP with sequential subordination.
25. Sintsov explained him, / 1 what, / 2 before to go to the army, / 3 wants to visit the Dnieper together with a correspondent tomorrow, in that regiment, / 2 where many German tanks were knocked out today / 4 . [ ch.] 1 , (what- p., 2 ( before- p.), 3 noun + uk. sl.), 2 (where- from. cl.) 4 - SPP with serial and parallel subordination.
26. Reporting general all , / 1 what it was necessary, / 2 he passed in my room, / 1 wherein, having returned a long time ago and waiting for him, Prince Galtsin sat, reading novel, / 3 which I found on Kalugin's desk / 4 . [ dep. + uk. sl., 1 (what- from. next), 2 noun] 1 , (wherein- from. sl. noun), 3 (which the- from. cl.) 4 - SPP with parallel and serial subordination.
27. We calculated, / 1 what / 2 if let's go along the path, / 3 then let's go to the river Naina to the Koreans, / 2 but /if let's go straight / 4 then we will come to the seashore / 5 . [ ch.] 1 , (what- from. 2 ( if- p.), 3 then), 2 but (if- p.) 4, (- then) 5 - SPP with sequential, homogeneous and parallel subordination.
28. He instantly judged, / 1 what, / 2 till only three Germans see him, / 3 he has no reason to be the first to get into a fight, / 2 but, reaching nearest groves , / 4 where Germans, perhaps, no, / 5 he has a chance to escape even in that case, / 4 if these three will raise a belated alarm / 6 . [ ch.] 1 , (what- p., 2 ( till- p.) 3 ,) 2 , but (- noun, 4 (where- from. sl.) 5 , uk. sl.) 4 , (if- p.) 6 - SPP with parallel, sequential and homogeneous subordination.
29. And of course they did not notice, / 1 what on one of the pages of this newspaper is printed the same poem, / 2 which mentally recited Byron, / 3 when in the carriage that was taking him to London, he was preparing for a speech, which, alas, did not change anything / 4. [ ch.] 1 , (what- from. noun + uk. sl.) 2 , (which- from. sl.) 3 , ( when- p.) 4 - SPP with sequential subordination.

Exercise 51

1. From the heat, a dried-up wheel suddenly splits up to the very hub, the spokes stick out with a bunch of bitten pegs, the cart falls on its side with a thud, piles of newspapers fall out (SBP; enumeration relations). 2. We are waiting for a nesting doll for an hour, another - it is not (SBP; opposition relations, a union can be inserted between the parts but). 3. Shmakhin looked at his watch: it was only ten minutes to seven (SBP; additional relations, you can insert “and saw that” between the parts). 4. You do not want to answer / 1 - I will tell/ 2 (SBP; consists of two parts; conditional relations; a union can be inserted before the first part if; so put a dash). five. You can't understand Russia with your mind, you can't measure it with a common yardstick / 1 : she has a special become/ 2 - you can only believe in Russia/ 3 (SBP; consists of three parts. Between sentences 1 and 2 - causal relationships; union can be inserted between parts because; so put a colon. Between sentences 2 and 3 - the relationship of the investigation; adverbs can be inserted between parts that's why; so put a dash). 6. Rye is ripening - you care: no matter how it beats with hail, it doesn’t dry out without rain in the heat, it doesn’t rely on rain (SBS; 1 and 2 - the relationship is temporary, you can insert a union before the first part when; 2 and 3 - explanation relations, before the third part you can insert namely). 7. I wanted to get up / 1 - everything in front of me was spinning with speed / 2 ; wanted to scream / 3 - the tongue is silent and motionless/ 4 (SBP; consists of four parts. Between sentences 1 and 2; 3 and 4 - adversarial relations; union can be inserted between parts but; so put a dash. Between the first group of sentences (1 and 2) and the second group of sentences (3 and 4) - enumeration relations; since there are other characters within each group, a semicolon is placed at the boundary of these groups, between sentences 2 and 3). 8. You will become too smart / 1 - perhaps don't want to live / 2 ; get richer all people / 3 - will envy/ 4: I'd rather pick and eat the third (magic, shriveled apple) / 5 (SBP; 1 and 2, 3 and 4 - conditional relations; a union can be inserted before the first and third parts if; between group 1 and 2 and group 3 and 4 - enumeration relations; sentence 5 contains a conclusion; can be inserted that's why). 9. He blushed: he was ashamed to kill an unarmed man (SBP; relations of reason, a union can be inserted between the parts because). 10. I crawled along the thick grass along the ravine, I look / 1: the forest is over / 2, several Cossacks leave it to a clearing / 3 (SBP; 1 and 2 - additional relations, you can insert "and I see that"; 2 and 3 - enumeration relations). 11. A white blanket is thrown to the floor, the house is empty, Vera Nikandrovna one (SBP; enumeration relationship). 12. Emerald frogs jump underfoot; between the roots, raising his golden head, lies already and guards them (SPB; enumeration relations; since the sentences are distant from each other in meaning and the second sentence is common, has its own commas, a semicolon is placed between the parts). 13. He noticed some special dilapidation on all village buildings / 1: the log on the huts was dark and old / 2; many roofs blew through like a sieve / 3 ; on others there was only a ridge at the top and poles on the sides in the form of ribs / 4 (SBP; 1 and 2 - explanation relationships, words can be inserted between parts namely; 2, 3 and 4 - enumeration relations; since the sentences are distant from each other in meaning, and the third and fourth sentences are common and have their own commas, a semicolon is placed between the parts). 14. Here are my conditions for you: today you will publicly renounce slander and will ask me for forgiveness (SBP; clarification relations, words can be inserted between parts namely). 15. Silence was gradually broken in the house / 1: a door creaked somewhere / 2; someone's steps were heard / 3; someone sneezed in the hayloft / 4 (SBP; 1 and 2 - explanation relationships, words can be inserted between parts namely; 2, 3 and 4 - enumeration relations; since the sentences are distant from each other in meaning, a semicolon is placed between the parts). 16. Everyone regarded Nagulnov’s behavior differently / 1: some approved / 2, others condemned / 3, some were reservedly silent / 4 (SBP; 1 and 2 - explanation relations, words can be inserted namely; 2, 3 and 4 - enumeration relations). 17. After a few moments, I rise and see: my Karagoz is flying, waving his mane (SBP; additional relations, a union can be inserted between the parts what). 18. I say: I won’t give up (SBP; additional relations, you can insert a union between the parts what). 19. I also remember: she loved to dress and squirt spirits (SBP; relations are additional, a union can be inserted between the parts what). 20. I'll definitely tell you: you have a talent (SBP; additional relations, you can insert a union between the parts what). 21. Fedor understood: it was about communication (SBP; additional relations, a union can be inserted between the parts what). 22. Aleksey decided: enough to pull (SBP; relations are additional, a union can be inserted between the parts what). 23. Magpie raised his head: above, through the thin steam of frost, the golden Bear shone (SBP; additional relations, the words “and saw that” can be inserted between the parts). 24. I raised my head: in front of the fire, on an overturned tub, a miller's wife was sitting and talking to my hunter (SBP; additional relations, the words “and saw that” can be inserted between the parts). 25. I woke up: the dawn was already engaged (SBP; additional relations, you can insert the words “and saw that” between the parts). 26. The moon was not in the sky: at that time she rose late (SBP; relations of cause, a union can be inserted between the parts because). 27. He was even scared: it was so dark, cramped and unclean (SBP; cause relations, a union can be inserted between the parts because). 28. The windows in the barracks either lit up or went out: someone struck matches (SBP; cause relations, a union can be inserted between the parts because). 29. A week has passed, another - suddenly a stroller enters my yard (SBP; the second sentence contains an unexpected addition; a union can be inserted between the parts And; have a word suddenly). 30. Give him only a knife and let him go on the big road - he will kill him, he will kill him for a penny (SBP; the second sentence contains an unexpected attachment, an unexpected result; you can insert the words “and then” between the parts). 31. Before the sun had time to warm up, the whole sky buzzed (SBP; the second sentence contains an indication of a quick change of events; the words “and immediately” can be inserted between the parts). 32. I began to call the owner / 1 - silent / 2; I knock / 3 - they are silent / 4 (SBP; 1 and 2, 3 and 4 - relations are adversarial, an alliance can be inserted between parts 1 and 2, 3 and 4 but; between the first group of sentences (1 and 2) and the second group of sentences (3 and 4) - enumeration relations; since there are other punctuation marks within each group, a semicolon is placed at the boundary of these groups, between sentences 2 and 3). 33. The brave win - the cowardly die (SBP; relations are opposite, a union can be inserted between the parts but). 34. There was no way to leave unnoticed / 1 - he went out openly 2, as if he was going into the yard / 3, and darted into the garden / 2 (1 and 2 - SBP; the second sentence contains a consequence, result, conclusion; an adverb can be inserted between the parts that's why. Inside the second sentence there is a subordinate clause with a conjunction as if, which is separated by commas on both sides). 35. We win - you build a stone house (relationships are conditional, you can insert a union before the first sentence if). 36. A good fellow will pass / 1 - pose / 2, a girl will pass / 3 - mourn / 4, and the harpmen will pass / 5 - they will sing a song / 6 (1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6 - SBP, conditional relations, before parts 1, 3, 5 you can insert a union if; groups 1 and 2, 3 and 4 are interconnected by enumeration relations; group 5 and 6 are connected with group 3 and 4 by the adversative union a - SSP). 37. Get lost completely - we won’t cry about you (SBP, conditional relations, you can insert a union before the first sentence if). 38. He will look - he will give a ruble (SBP; the relationship is comparative, a union can be inserted between the parts like). 39. He always liked to chat - I knew this very well (SBP; the second sentence has the meaning of attachment, contains the pronoun this). 40. They will part / 1, they have already parted / 2 - this thought stunned both (SBP; 1 and 2 - enumeration relations; sentence 3 has the meaning of attachment and contains a pronoun this).

Reference book on the Russian language. Punctuation Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 44. Colon in a non-union complex sentence

Colon in a non-union complex sentence, it is put in cases where the main part of the statement (sometimes corresponding to the main part in a complex sentence) is contained in the first part of the complex sentence, and the second part contains an explanation, disclosure of content, an indication of the reason, etc. (this part in a semantic sense close to the subordinate part or to the explanatory sentence).

1. Colon is put if the second part (one or several sentences) reveals the content of the first part (words can be inserted between both parts namely): The weather was terrible: the wind howled, wet snow fell in flakes(P.); A terrible thought flashed through my mind: I imagined it in the hands of robbers(P.); Dubrovsky put a wick, the shot was successful: one was blown off his head, two were wounded(P.); In fact, Akaky Akakievich's overcoat had some strange device: its collar decreased more and more every year, because it served to undermine other parts.(G.); He noticed some special dilapidation on all the village buildings: the log on the huts was dark and old; many roofs blew through like a sieve; on others there was only a ridge at the top and poles on the sides in the form of ribs(G.); I ask you one thing: shoot quickly(L.); Here are my conditions: today you will publicly renounce slander and ask me for forgiveness.(L.); From early youth, Tatyana was kept in a black body: she worked for two, but she never saw any kindness(T.); It is pleasant to lie motionless on the hay after a long walk and deep sleep: the body basks and languishes, the face glows with a slight heat, sweet laziness closes its eyes.(T.); Throughout the morning and the middle of the day, Olenin was completely immersed in arithmetic calculations: how many miles he traveled, how much remains to the first station, how much to the first city, before dinner, before tea, to Stavropol, and what part of the entire road is traveled(L.T.); The silence in the house was broken little by little: somewhere a door creaked; someone's steps were heard; someone sneezed in the hayloft(Gonch.); In the whole village there were only two decent houses: in one the volost government was located, in the other lived Tsybukin, an Epiphany tradesman(Ch.); The old man's excitement had passed, and now fatigue was showing: his tongue stuttered, his head shook, his eyes watered.(Kor.); He felt unwell: his body was weak, there was a dull pain in his eyes.(Cupr.); The dark forest is good on a bright sunny day: there is coolness and wonders of light(Shv.); Then a thought dawned on him: the partisans must be somewhere here, nearby.(Floor.); Everyone regarded Nagulnov’s behavior differently: some approved, others condemned, some kept quiet(Sh.).

2. The colon is required if the first part of the non-union complex sentence contains words so, such, such, one etc., the specific content of which is revealed in the second part: My custom is this: signed, so off your shoulders(Gr.); Like all Moscow ones, your father is like this:he would like a son-in-law with stars and ranks(Gr.); One thing was certain:he won't come back(T.); I will do it like this:I will dig a large hole near the stone itself ...(L.T.); The question for Kutuzov now consisted only of this:Is it really he who allowed Napoleon to Moscow (L.T.).

Note. Punctuation is usually distinguished in non-union complex sentences, in which the second part reveals the content of the pronominal word one, available in the first part (put colon), and in simple sentences x, in which the word one is explained by the explanatory member of the sentence, and not by the whole sentence (put dash).

Wed: I can only tell you one thing: you can't sit idly by(Ch.). - In relations with strangers, he demanded one thing - the preservation of decency(Hertz.) (see § 23, item 1).

3. Colon is placed between the parts of a non-union complex sentence, if in the first of them by means of verbs see, look, hear, know, understand, feel etc., a warning is given that a statement of some fact or some description will follow (in these cases, a union can be inserted between the parts what): With anxiety, I jumped out of the wagon and see:mother meets me on the porch with an air of deep chagrin(P.); I feltall my blood rushed to my face(P.); I crawled along the thick grass along the ravine, I look:the forest is over, several Cossacks leave it for a clearing(L.); After a few moments, I get up and see:my Karagoz flies, waving his mane(L.); You yourself noticed:day by day I fade(L.); Suddenly I feel:someone grabs my shoulder and pushes me(T.); I say:won't give up(L.T.); I also remember:she liked to dress well and splash perfume(Ch.); I understand:it’s hard for you to say now about the goals pursued by literature(M.G.); Evreinov proved so wellme: Universities need guys like me(M.G.), In the morning, waking up, Geyser felt:right eye closed(Fed.); I will definitely tell you: youhave talent(F.); He believes:for his soldiers and long haul forward is shorter than the short way back(Sim.); People knew:somewhere, very far from them, there is a war(Azh.); Fedor understood: speechwas about communication(Furm.); He saw:the earth rose from the ashes, the unconquered earth(Hump.); Alex decided:pretty pull(Floor.).

Note. If there is no hint of warning in the first part of a sentence of this type, a colon is put after it comma:I hearthe earth trembled(N.).

If the second part is an incomplete sentence, then a dash may be placed before it: I thought wolf(on the setting of a dash in such cases, see also § 45, paragraph 7).

4. Colon is placed between the parts of a non-union complex sentence if there are verbs in the first part look, look, listen etc., as well as expressions like raise your eyes, raise your head, warning about further presentation; in these cases, words can be inserted between the parts of the non-union complex sentence and saw (heard, felt) that etc.: I looked out of the wagon:everything was darkness and whirlwind(P.); I raised my eyes toa girl was standing on the roof of my hut(L.); I turn around:Grushnitsky!(L.); Oblomov looked around.in front of him in reality ... stood the real, real Stolz(Gonch.); I looked around:solemnly and regally the night stood(T.); I woke up:dawn has already taken(T.); I raised my head.in front of the fire, on an overturned tub, sat a miller's wife (T.);Barbara listened.came the noise of the evening train(Ch.); He thought, sniffed:smells like honey(Ch.); I looked out the window.stars lit up in a cloudless sky(M.G.); Magpie raised his head:above, through the thin steam of frost, the golden Bear shone(Ser.); Lukashin stopped and looked:water accumulated in the ditch(Pan.); I stood and listened to the sounds:train.

In these cases, there is also a dash instead of a colon to convey various additional shades of meaning: Looked at the hole -the water dozed(Shishk.) (cf .: ... and there the water was dozing); He looked out of the roomnot a single light in the windows(Pan.) (cf.: ... but not a single light in the windows); I turn -man in german helmet(Medv.) (cf .: .. and there is a man in a German helmet). See § 72, para. 3.

5. Colon is put in front of a direct question included in the non-union complex sentence (see § 2, paragraph 5): The question now is: what did our society do in the last 20-30 years?(Good.); There's only one thing I don't understand: how could she bite you?(Ch.); Until now, it remains surprising and unsolved: who, on this fateful night, removed the divisional school from guard? (Furm.); I walked to the gate through the wet grass, feeling anxious: who would see the first tractor in such impenetrable fog?(First) Compare: Maybe nature tells us: use beauty, accept it.(Gran.) - a kind of equivalent of direct speech.

6. Colon is placed between the parts of an union-free complex sentence if the second part indicates the basis or reason for what is said in the first part (causal unions can be inserted between both parts because, since, since etc.): However, it's time to get up: already a quarter to six(P.); I am sad: there is no friend with me(P.); He blushed: he was ashamed to kill an unarmed man(L.); I don’t melt, I was scared: on the edge of the threatening abyss I lay(L.); I could not sleep: in front of me in the darkness, a boy with white eyes kept spinning(L.); It was terrible to touch the cloths, canvases and household materials: they turned to dust.(G.); In vain do you look around in all directions: there is no way out of the endless tundra(Gonch.); It's good that Lemm didn't hear us: he would have fainted(T.); The moon was not in the sky: at that time she rose late(T.); However, not everyone dared to mock Gerasim: he did not like to joke(T.); Birds were not heard: they do not sing in the hours of heat(T.); And Zhilin was depressed: he sees - it's bad(L.T.); Only at the mill the river is angry: there is no space for it, captivity is bitter(N.); He was even frightened: it was so dark, cramped and unclean(Ch.); Science must be loved: people have no power more powerful and victorious than science(M.G.); They praised the earth: kind; scolded the climate: uneven, dry(Skin.); In Mexico, you can’t praise a thing in someone else’s house: they wrap it in a piece of paper for you(M); Sometimes the horses fell through the belly: the soil was very viscous(F.); The windows in the barracks were either lit up or extinguished: someone was striking matches.(F.); Seryozhka was silent: he did not like verbal oaths and assurances(F.); Stepan was afraid to approach the shore: slippery(Shishk.); Pavel did not like autumn and winter: they brought him a lot of physical torment(BUT.); Saburov was nervous: he wanted to take Protsenko down somewhere(Sim.); In general, I have a negative attitude towards all kinds of staging: luck is rare here.(Ov.).

Note. In the absence of warning intonation, the colon is not put in these cases: Don't go now, it's hot(Ch.).

7. Special case of staging colons find in newspaper headlines type: Space: to fly or not; Bazhov: reader and book lover.(See section 16.)

8. Occasionally, in a non-union complex sentence consisting of three parts, two colons are used (on different bases or with the same base): Well, yes, it goes without saying: the soul is not an apple: you cannot divide it(T.); You kept pestering me: teach us music and the French dialect: here you have a Frenchman, and he plays the pianos(T.); Her passion for cleanliness drove her to self-forgetfulness: she could clean, tidy, wash, dust and arrange the hut all day with unexpected skill: sometimes she would hang towels with a sheet on the window jambs, then in winter she would attach golden wreaths from straw, and in summer - bunches of flowers, which he gathers casually on the estate(Ch.); There is no need to talk about the spring time: bird cherry blooms together, white-white, you will feel a little dizzy, and you will be confused for a moment: how is it?(Sol.); However, this did not console me at all: the thought, once it came to mind, would not go far and, when necessary, would certainly return, but the capercaillie flew away, and the face of that day, which would never return like this, was determined: I missed the capercaillie(Shv.); And in the cell it was no longer as dark as in the first minute, when the oil lamp went out and the match broke; deep winter light(Berg.).

Usually in these cases, in order to avoid the accumulation of colons in a sentence, one of them is replaced by a dash: "Mass of readers" does not exist, even if the book is published in mass circulation: readers read in different ways - there are books in which one is available to everyone, the other only to some(Er.); There is one feature in this book - you immediately feel that it was written by a painter: the reader sees landscapes, scenes, people(Er.); The command confidently entrusted Vorobyov with the most responsible military affairs: in a short time it became obvious that this lieutenant, who seemed like a teenager, had recently graduated from the school, became a strong-willed, resourceful and, most importantly, quite an experienced commander; I listened to him carefully: I remember the old rule - it is better to listen to everything to the end, and then only raise questions or object.