Specify the sentence in which you need to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)
1) The individuality of the writer is manifested in the preference for one or another color epithet.
2) The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, then impetuously and anxiously.
3) A. Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, both centuries-old forests and cozy coastal cities.
4) Almost every French sculptor worked simultaneously in the historical-mythological and portrait and landscape genres.
Tasks A22 in all variants of the exam test the ability to place punctuation marks in a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous members. We will analyze each proposal separately.
In the first sentence, turnover is used one or the other, consisting of index ( that) and defining ( different) pronouns. The comma is not needed here.
In the second sentence there is a repeating union then ... then, which connects homogeneous circumstances. Before the second part of the repeating union, you need to put a comma: The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, now impetuously and anxiously..
More on repeating unions.
The third sentence uses the construction how... so, a comma is placed before the second element ( like... so). It should be noted that if after the turnover like... so the sentence does not end, you must also put a comma after the construction: A. Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, both centuries-old forests and cozy coastal cities.
The fourth sentence uses a repeating conjunction And. If union And stands before each homogeneous member, then commas must be placed, starting with the second union: Almost every French sculptor worked simultaneously in the historical-mythological, portrait and landscape genres..
The correct answer is #2.
5) Polina liked to be in her husband's study or in the library.
6.
1) Gushchin gathers courage and asks a question in a quiet and timid voice.
2) Wild berries are best picked either in the morning or in the evening.
3) The samovar was already ready and stood on the table.
4) Vladimir was captivated by estates and dachas on the sides and the silence around.
5) The competition did not take place due to rain and it was decided to postpone
them next Sunday.
7.
1) I wanted a lot, but I didn’t catch anything.
2) The ideal nobleman had to resemble both the hero of chivalric novels and the character of ancient history and the Christian preacher.
3) The drawing teacher drew attention to the boy's abilities and inclinations and persuaded the parents to send the child to a painting school.
4) The competitions did not take place because of the rain and it was decided to postpone them to the next Sunday.
5) In the forest alone it is noisy and creepy and fun
Option 2
Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of proposals in which
need to put ONE comma.
1.
Generalizing words must come before homogeneous members or after them.
For festive illumination, both electric garlands and lanterns were used.
At night the wind is angry and knocks on the window.
A good specialist relies on fundamental knowledge and the ability to work.
Near the church, a lone lantern flickered forlornly, and even the school building shone with lights.
2.
We saw a few trees in the distance and the shadows of clouds driven by the wind running across the damp grass.
The fellow traveler did not hear what was said or neglected my hint.
The wind reached the strength of a hurricane and screeched long and evil.
Newspapers did not suggest anything, and there were few of them.
The people were very hungry and the horses also needed rest.
3
Representatives of the intelligentsia strove for semantic accuracy and expressiveness of speech, fought against distortion and clogging of their native language.
Modern publicists and writers have written and continue to write about the place of a dog in human life.
The yellowish or pink petals of this plant grow singly or in pairs.
The flower bed was planted with bright poppies and delicate tulips and shaggy marigolds.
There was a noise in my head, either from the howling and whistling of the storm, or from joyful excitement.
4.
To check the spelling of an unstressed vowel of the root, you need to change the word or choose a related one.
Children every day poured crumbs and grits on the window sill for tits and sparrows.
The height of the mountain ranges determines both the nature of the vegetation and the originality of the animal world.
Almost all things in Oblomov's office are broken or broken.
Young pine giants are directed to the blue sky and from this the expanses of the golden field seem even wider.
5.
Corollas of herbs swayed in the wind and showered our shoulders with yellow flower dust.
Graduate of the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg
University Lev Shcherba was awarded for his brilliant work on
linguistics with a gold medal and he was offered to stay in
university.
There was a short downpour and the streets smelled of bitter sweetness
birch buds.
Both old and young understood then the significance of what was happening.
Memory accumulates good experience and traditions and constantly resists the destructive power of time.
6.
And in science and in literature and in music in general, the universal secret of our abilities is always open.
It seemed that everything in this luxurious park was someone else's, and every minute
we can be driven away.
Here is a scream and again everything around was quiet.
From the tops of the trees, the last dry leaves fall to the ground and
the paths are not to be walked in October.
Each nation has its own spiritual and material culture and unshakable faith in the legitimacy and inviolability of its place on earth.
7.
In the light of lightning, houses and sheds and trunks of wet trees became visible.
The breath of the autumn winds now captures the taiga with marsh gray hair, then weaves golden and silvery-yellow strands into it.
In winter, I went hunting or went downhill with the guys or went skiing with them.
Long before dawn, Ilyinichna lit the oven and by morning had already baked bread and dried two bags of crackers.
Summer residents either walk lazily under umbrellas or sit in the shade of trees.
- Walking or talking with a friend was equally enjoyable for me.
- The dusk hid the outlines of Olga's face and figure and threw a veil over her.
- Life on earth was not easy, and therefore I fell in love with the bottomless sky.
- Learning and labor will grind everything.
- In college, he was passionately engaged in both the humanities and the natural and mathematical disciplines.
- Some watercolor works refer to both painting and graphics.
- The ocean seemed to freeze and rumble quietly and insinuatingly.
- You can give answers orally or in writing.
- Watermelon and sang and sugar and very tasty.
- On the side of the street, a lush crimson maple stood by the picket fence and dropped its leaves into a small garden.
- Life for an indifferent person quickly loses its colors and he is left alone with his well-being.
- Almost every French sculptor worked simultaneously in the historical-mythological and portrait and landscape genres.
- Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, centuries-old forests and cozy seaside towns.
- The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, now impetuously and anxiously.
- Human thinking is formed with the help of language and is firmly connected with it.
- Bright lightning distorted the sky and I saw a smoky cloudy shaft above the window.
- The ideal nobleman had to resemble the hero of chivalric novels and the character of ancient history and the Christian preacher.
- The drawing teacher drew attention to the boy's abilities and inclinations and convinced his parents to send the child to a painting school.
- Summer residents lazily walk under umbrellas or sit in the shade of trees.
- Antiquity in Greece appeared before V.A. Serov in its purest form, and the artist perceived this country as a dream of great art realized.. Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a union And
. They do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or an introductory word, there is no common subordinate part, which means that in a compound sentence we put a comma before the union: Bright lightning shook the sky, and I saw a smoky cloud above the window.
The second sentence is simple - it has one grammatical basis: (who?) nobleman (what have you been doing?) should have looked like . There are homogeneous members of the proposal - additions: should have looked like(on whom?) on the hero , (on whom?) per character , (on whom?) on the preacher . Additions are connected by repeating alliances And...And , but the homogeneous series begins before the first union, so we put commas before it and before the next: The ideal nobleman had to resemble the hero of chivalric novels, and the character of ancient history, and the Christian preacher.
The third sentence is simple - it has one grammatical basis, but with homogeneous predicates: (who?) teacher (What did you do?) noticed , (What did you do?) persuaded to give . Predicates are connected by a single union And , before which we do not put a comma. There are also similar additions: noticed(for what?) on ability , (for what?) inclinations . They are also connected by a single union And , before which we do not put a comma: The drawing teacher drew attention to the boy's abilities and inclinations and convinced his parents to send the child to a painting school.
The fourth sentence is simple - one grammatical basis, but with homogeneous predicates: (who?) summer residents (what do they do?) walk , (what do they do?) sitting . Predicates are connected by a single union OR , before which we do not put a comma: Summer residents lazily walk under umbrellas or sit in the shade of trees.
The fifth sentence is complex, it has two stems: (what?) antiquity (what did you do?) appeared and who?) artist (What did you do?) perceived . Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a union And . They do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or introductory word, there is no common subordinate clause. So, in a compound sentence, we put a comma before the union: Antiquity in Greece appeared before V.A. Serov in its purest form, and the artist perceived this country as a dream of great art realized.
Therefore, the correct answer is sentences 1 and 5.
Exercise 1
Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
Explanation
The first sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis with homogeneous subjects: (what?) stroll , (what?) the conversation was pleasant OR . So, we do not put a comma in this sentence: Walking or talking with a friend was equally enjoyable for me.
The second sentence is also simple, because it has one stem with homogeneous predicates: dusk (What did you do?) hid , (What did you do?)threw . Predicates are connected by a single union And . Do not put a comma before it. And there are homogeneous additions: outlines(what?) faces , (what?) figures , which are also connected by a single union And , before which we do not put a comma. So there are no commas in this sentence: The dusk hid the outlines of Olga's face and figure and threw a veil over her.
The third sentence is difficult because it has two grammatical bases: the first - lived (consists of one predicate), the second - I love . Parts of a compound sentence are connected by a union And . They do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or introductory word, there is no common subordinate clause. So, in a compound sentence before the union And put a comma: Life on earth was not easy, and therefore I fell in love with the bottomless sky.
The fourth sentence is simple because it has one grammatical stem with homogeneous subjects: (what?) learning , (what?) labor will grind . Subjects connected by a single conjunction YES in meaning And Learning and labor will grind everything.
The fifth sentence is simple because it has one stem: he was doing disciplines(what?) humanitarian , (what?) natural and mathematical AS , SO AND . We put a comma before the second part of the union: In college, he enthusiastically engaged in both the humanities and the natural and mathematical disciplines.
Therefore, the correct answer is sentences 3 and 5.
Explanation
When performing this task, first of all, determine the grammatical bases in the sentence: one base is a simple sentence, two or more are complex. Then determine whether there are homogeneous members in the sentence, whether they are connected by an allied or non-union relationship, and, depending on this, apply the appropriate rule.
We will consider each proposal.
The first sentence is simple, because it has one grammatical basis, but with homogeneous subjects and homogeneous predicates: (who?) children , (who?) adults (what they were doing?) were going , (what they were doing?) read . Homogeneous subjects are connected by a single conjunction And , before which we do not put a comma. And homogeneous predicates are connected by a single union And , before which we do not put a comma. So there are no commas in this sentence: In the evenings, children and adults gathered at the table and read aloud.
The second sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis: intonation lies . The proposal has homogeneous members - additions: on the brink(what?) verbal , (what?) non-verbal , (what?) said , (what?) unsaid . They are grouped in pairs, and in each pair the words are connected by a single conjunction. And , which is not preceded by a comma. But between themselves, these pairs are connected by an union-free connection, which means that a comma must be placed between them (before the second pair of words): Intonation always lies on the verge of verbal and non-verbal, spoken and unsaid.
The third sentence is complex: it has two grammatical bases - silence reigned and the sun was sinking . Parts of the sentence are connected by a union And , they do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or an introductory word, there is no common subordinate clause. So before the union And In a compound sentence, put a comma: Silence reigned, and the sun sank into the ashes of the clouds.
The fourth sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis: Ivan was sleepy and lazy . adjectives sleepy , lazy are included in a compound nominal predicate, connected by a single union YES in meaning And , do not put a comma before it: Ivan was almost always sleepy and lazy.
The fifth sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis, consisting only of the predicate: wanted to catch . There are homogeneous members of the sentence - circumstances: wanted to catch(where?) in the clearing , (where?) on the shore . They are connected by a single union OR , which is not preceded by a comma: I wanted to catch a bear somewhere in a clearing or fishing on the river bank.
Therefore, the correct answer is sentences 2 and 3.
Task 3
Explanation
When performing this task, first of all, determine the grammatical bases in the sentence: one base is a simple sentence, two or more are complex. Then determine whether there are homogeneous members in the sentence, whether they are connected by an allied or non-union relationship, and, depending on this, apply the appropriate rule.
We will consider each proposal.
The first sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis: (what?) works (what do they do?) relate relate(to what?) to painting , (to what?) to graphics . They are double bonded AS , SO AND . We put a comma before the second part of this union: Some watercolor works refer to both painting and graphics.
The second sentence is simple, because there is one grammatical basis, but with homogeneous predicates: the ocean seems to freeze, roars And , which is not preceded by a comma. There are also homogeneous members - circumstances: rumbles(as?) quiet , (as?) insinuatingly And , which is not preceded by a comma: The ocean seemed to freeze and rumble quietly and insinuatingly.
The third sentence is simple - it has one grammatical basis: (who?) you (what you are doing?) can give . There are homogeneous members of the sentence - definitions: in the shape of(which?) oral , (which?) written OR OR , so we put a comma before the second union: You can give answers orally or in writing.
The fourth sentence is simple, it has one grammatical basis with homogeneous predicates: (what?) watermelon (what?) sang , (what?) saccharist , (what?) delicious . (Short adjectives act as predicates.) All three homogeneous predicates are connected by repeating conjunctions And...And , before the second and third unions we put commas: Watermelon and sang, and sugar, and very tasty.
The fifth sentence is simple, it has one grammatical basis with homogeneous predicates: (what?) maple (what have you been doing?) stood , (what have you been doing?) dropped And , before which we do not put a comma. Pay attention to the definitions for the word maple: lush and scarlet . They are not homogeneous, as they characterize the object according to different features: shape - lush, Colour - scarlet. So, do not put a comma: On the side of the street, a lush crimson maple stood by the picket fence and dropped its leaves into a small garden.
Therefore, the correct answer is sentences 1 and 3.
Task 4
Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
Explanation
When performing this task, first of all, determine the grammatical bases in the sentence: one base is a simple sentence, two or more are complex. Then determine whether there are homogeneous members in the sentence, whether they are connected by an allied or non-union relationship, and, depending on this, apply the appropriate rule.
We will consider each proposal.
The first sentence is difficult because it has two grammatical bases: (what?) a life (what is he doing?) loses and who?) is he (what is he doing?) remains . Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a single conjunction And , they do not have a common minor member of the sentence or introductory word and there is no common subordinate clause. So, in a compound sentence, we put a comma before the union: Life for an indifferent person quickly loses its colors, and he is left alone with his well-being.
each of the sculptors (what have you been doing?) have worked . There are similar definitions for the word genres:(what?) historical and mythological , (what?) portrait , (what?) landscape . They are connected by repeating alliances And...And , but the homogeneous series is started before the first union, so we put commas before it and the following: Almost every French sculptor worked simultaneously in the historical-mythological, portrait and landscape genres.
The third sentence is simple - one grammatical basis: (who?) Green (what have you been doing?) could describe . The sentence has homogeneous members - additions: could describe (what?) bend , (what?) location , (what?) forests , (what?) cities . These additions are grouped into two pairs. In the first pair, the words are connected by a double conjunction AS , SO AND (as bend, so and location), put a comma before the second part of the union. In the second pair, the words are also connected by a double conjunction AS , SO And (as forests, so and cities), also put a comma. Between themselves, these pairs of homogeneous additions are connected by an union-free connection, which means that we put a comma between them. There are three commas in this sentence: Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of the houses, both centuries-old forests and cozy seaside cities.
The fourth sentence is simple because it has one grammatical basis: (what?) forest (what have you been doing?) noisy . There are homogeneous members of the sentence - circumstances: noisy(as?) lullingly , (as?) melodiously , (as?) impetuously , (as?) anxious . These circumstances are grouped into two pairs. In the first pair, the words are connected by a single conjunction And (soothing and melodiously), before which we do not put a comma. In the second pair - also a single union And (impetuously and anxious), do not put a comma. Between themselves, these pairs are connected by repeating alliances THAT ... THAT , put a comma before the second union: The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, then impetuously and anxiously.
The fifth sentence is simple - it has one grammatical basis, but with homogeneous predicates: (what?) thinking (what is he doing?) formed , (what is he doing?) turns out to be related. Predicates are connected by a single conjunction And Human thinking is formed with the help of language and is firmly connected with it.
Therefore, the correct answer is sentences 1 and 4.
Task 5
Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
Set up punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Life for an indifferent person quickly loses its colors and he is left alone with his well-being.
2) Almost every French sculptor worked simultaneously in the historical-mythological and portrait and landscape genres.
3) Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of the houses, both centuries-old forests and cozy seaside cities.
4) The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, then impetuously and anxiously.
5) Human thinking is formed with the help of language and is firmly connected with it.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling.
1) Life for an indifferent person quickly loses its colors, and he is left alone with his well-being.
2) Almost every French sculptor worked simultaneously in the historical-mythological, portrait and landscape genres.
3) Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, both ancient forests and cozy coastal cities.
4) The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, then impetuously and anxiously.
5) Human thinking is formed with the help of language and is firmly connected with it.
One comma is required:
in the 4th sentence, paired homogeneous members;
in the 1st sentence: it is compound. Contains two predicative parts that do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or introductory word and do not have a subordinate clause.
The correct answer is numbered 4 and 1.
Answer: 41|14
Relevance: 2016-2017
Difficulty: normal
Codifier section: Punctuation marks in SSP and a sentence with homogeneous members
Rule: Task 16. Punctuation marks in SSP and in a sentence with homogeneous members
PUNCUNCATION IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE AND IN A SENTENCE WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS
In this task, knowledge of two punctograms is tested:
1. Commas in a simple sentence with homogeneous members.
2. Commas in a compound sentence, parts of which are connected by coordinating unions, in particular, the union I.
Target: find TWO sentences in which you need to put ONE comma in each. Not two, not three (and this happens!) commas, but one. In this case, it is necessary to indicate the numbers of those sentences where the missing comma was PLACED, since there are such cases that the sentence already has a comma, for example, with adverbial turnover. We don't count it.
You should not look for commas at various turns, introductory words and in NGN: according to the specification, only three indicated punctograms are checked in this task. If the sentence needs commas for other rules, they will already be placed
The correct answer will be two numbers, from 1 to 5, in any sequence, without commas and spaces, for example: 15, 12, 34.
Legend:
OC - homogeneous members.
SSP is a compound sentence.
The task execution algorithm should be as follows:
1. Determine the number of bases.
2. If the sentence is simple, then we find ALL series of homogeneous terms in it and turn to the rule.
3. If there are two bases, then this is a complex sentence, and each part is considered separately (see paragraph 2).
Do not forget that homogeneous subjects and predicates do NOT create a complex, but a simple complicated sentence.
15.1 PUNICATION WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS
Homogeneous members of a sentence are those members that answer the same question and refer to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members of a sentence (both main and secondary) are always connected by a coordinating link, with or without a union.
For example: In the Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson, S. Aksakov describes both summer and winter pictures of Russian nature with truly poetic enthusiasm.
In this sentence, there is one row of OCs, these are two homogeneous definitions.
In one sentence there can be several rows of homogeneous members. Yes, in the proposal Soon a heavy downpour hit and covered with the noise of rain streams and gusts of wind, and the moans of a pine forest. two rows: two predicates, hit and covered; two additions, gusts and groans.
note: each row of OC has its own punctuation rules.
Consider various schemes of sentences with OC and formulate the rules for setting commas.
15.1.1. A number of homogeneous members, connected ONLY by intonation, without unions.
General scheme: OOO .
Rule: if two or more OCs are connected only by intonation, a comma is placed between them.
Example: yellow, green, red apples.
15.1.2 Two homogeneous members are connected by the union AND, YES (in the meaning of AND), OR, OR
General scheme: O and/yes/either/or O .
Rule: if two EPs are connected by a single union AND / YES, a comma is not put between them.
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and red apples.
Example 2: Everywhere she was met cheerfully and friendly..
Example 3: Only you and I will stay in this house.
Example 4: I will cook rice with vegetables or pilaf .
15.1.3 Last OC added by union I.
General scheme: O , O and O .
Rule: If the last homogeneous member is joined by the union and, then a comma is not placed in front of it.
Example: The still life depicts yellow, green and red apples.
15.1.4. There are more than two homogeneous members and the union And repeated at least twice
Rule: For various combinations of allied (clause 15.1.2) and non-union (clause 15.1.1) combination of homogeneous members of the proposal, the rule is observed: if there are more than two homogeneous members and the union And is repeated at least twice, then a comma is placed between all homogeneous members
General scheme: Oh, and Oh, and Oh.
General scheme: and O, and O, and O.
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and green and red apples.
Example 2: The still life depicts and yellow and green and red apples.
More complex examples:
Example 3: From the house, from the trees, and from the dovecote, and from the gallery- long shadows ran far away from everything.
Two unions and four points. Comma between OCH.
Example 4: It was sad in the spring air, and in the darkening sky, and in the car. Three unions and, three och. Comma between OCH.
Example 5: Houses and trees and sidewalks were covered in snow. Two unions and, three och. Comma between OCH.
Note that there is no comma after the last EP, because it is not between the OC, but after it.
It is this scheme that is often perceived as erroneous and non-existent, keep this in mind when completing the task.
note: this rule only works if the union AND is repeated in one row of OC, and not in the entire sentence.
Consider examples.
Example 1: In the evenings they gathered at the table children and adults and read aloud. How many rows? Two: children and adults; gathered and read. The union is not repeated in each row, it is used once. Therefore, commas are NOT put according to rule 15.1.2.
Example 2: In the evening Vadim went to his room and sat down reread letter and write a response. Two rows: left and sat down; sat down (why? for what purpose?) to re-read and write.
15.1.5 Homogeneous members are connected by the union A, BUT, YES (= but)
Scheme: O, a / no / yes O
Rule: If there is a union A, BUT, YES (= but), commas are put.
Example 1: The student writes quickly, but sloppily.
Example 2: The baby no longer whimpered, but wept uncontrollably.
Example 3: Small spool but precious .
15.1.6 With homogeneous members, unions are repeated NO NO; NOT THAT, NOT THAT; THAT, THAT; OR EITHER; OR OR
Scheme: O, or O, or O
Rule: with a double repetition of other unions (except And) neither, nor; not that, not that; then, then; or either; or, or a comma is always placed:
Example 1: And the old man paced the room, now humming psalms in an undertone, now impressively instructing his daughter.
Please note that there are also homogeneous circumstances and additions in the proposal, but we do not single them out for a clearer picture.
There is no comma after the predicate “paced”! But if instead of the union AND THAT, AND THAT would be just AND, there were three commas (according to rule 15.1.4)
15.1.7. With homogeneous members, there are double unions.
Rule: With double unions, a comma is placed before its second part. These are unions both ... and; not only but; not so much... how much; how... so much; although... but; if not... then; not that ... but; not that ... but; Not only not, but rather... than others.
Examples: I have an assignment as from the judge So equals and from all our friends.
Green was Not only great landscape painter and storyteller, but It was still and very subtle psychologist.
Mum not that angry, but she was still dissatisfied.
There are fogs in London if not everyday , then in a day for sure.
He was not so much disappointed , how many surprised by the situation.
Please note that each part of the double union is BEFORE OC, which is very important to consider when completing task 7 (type "error on homogeneous members"), we have already met with these unions.
15.1.8. Often homogeneous members are connected in pairs
General scheme: Scheme: O and O, O and O
Rule: When combining secondary members of a sentence in pairs, a comma is placed between pairs (the union AND acts locally, only within groups):
Example1: Alleys planted with lilacs and lindens, elms and poplars led to a wooden platform.
Example 2: The songs were different: about joy and sorrow, the past day and the day to come.
Example 3: Books on geography and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild corners of Bulgaria.
15.1.9.They are not homogeneous, therefore they are not separated by commas:
A number of repetitions that have an intensifying shade are not homogeneous members.
And the snow came and went.
Simple compound predicates are also not homogeneous.
He said so, I'll go check it out.
Phraseologisms with repeated unions are not homogeneous members
Neither this nor that, neither fish nor meat; neither light nor dawn; neither day nor night
If the offer contains heterogeneous definitions, which stand in front of the word being explained and characterize one object from different sides, it is impossible to insert a union between them and.
A sleepy golden bumblebee suddenly rose from the depths of the flower.
15.2. PUNCIATION MARKS IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE
Compound sentences are complex sentences in which simple sentences are equal in meaning and connected by coordinating conjunctions. The parts of a compound sentence do not depend on each other and form one semantic whole.
Example: Three times he wintered in Mirny, and each time returning home seemed to him the limit of human happiness.
Depending on the type of the coordinating union that connects the parts of the sentence, all compound sentences (CSP) are divided into three main categories:
1) SSP with connecting unions (and; yes in the meaning of and; neither ... nor; also; also; not only ..., but also; both ..., and);
2) BSC with divisive unions (that ..., then; not that ..., not that; or; or; either ..., or);
3) SSP with opposing unions (a, but, yes in the sense of but, however, but, but, only, same).
15.2.1 The basic rule for setting a comma in the SSP.
A comma between parts of a complex sentence is placed according to the basic rule, that is, ALWAYS, with the exception of special conditions that limit the effect of this rule. These conditions are discussed in the second part of the rule. In any case, in order to determine whether a sentence is complex, it is necessary to find its grammatical foundations. What should be taken into account in this case:
a) Not always every simple sentence can have both a subject and a predicate. So, frequency sentences with one impersonal part, with the predicate in indefinite personal offer. For example: He had a lot of work to do, and he knew it.
Scheme: [to be], and [he knew].
The doorbell rang and no one moved.
Scheme: [they called], and [no one moved].
b) The subject can be expressed by pronouns, both personal and other categories: I suddenly heard a painfully familiar voice, and it brought me back to life.
Scheme: [I heard ] and [it returned ]. Don't lose a pronoun as a subject if it duplicates the subject from the first part! These are two sentences, each with its own basis, for example: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests, and he was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.
Scheme: [The artist was familiar], and [he was surprised]. Compare with a similar construction in a simple sentence: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests and was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.[O Skaz and O Skaz].
c) Since a complex sentence consists of two simple ones, it is likely that each of them can have homogeneous members in its composition. Commas are placed both according to the rule of homogeneous members, and according to the rule of a compound sentence. For example: Leaves crimson, gold fell silently to the ground, and the wind circled them in the air and tossed them up. Sentence scheme: [Leaves fell], and [wind O Skaz and O Skaz].
15.2.2 Special conditions for setting signs in a compound sentence
In the school course of the Russian language, the only condition under which a comma is not placed between the parts of a complex sentence is the presence common minor member.
The most difficult thing for students is to understand if there is common minor member of a sentence, which will give the right not to put a comma between the parts, or it does not exist. General means referring to both the first part and the second part at the same time. If there is a common member, a comma is not placed between the parts of the SSP. If it is, then in the second part cannot have a similar minor term, he is only one, stands at the very beginning of the sentence. Consider simple cases:
Example 1: A year later, the daughter went to school and the mother was able to go to work.
Both simple sentences can equally claim to be the adverb of time "in a year". What happened in a year? The daughter went to school. Mom was able to go to work.
Rearranging the common term at the end of the sentence changes the meaning: My daughter went to school, and my mother was able to go to work a year later. And now this minor member is no longer general, but refers only to the second simple sentence. Therefore, it is so important for us, firstly, the place of a common member, just the beginning of the sentence , and secondly, the general meaning of the sentence.
Example 2:In the evening the wind died down and start to freeze. What happened By the evening? The wind has died down. Start to freeze.
Now more complex example 1: On the outskirts of the city the snow had already begun to melt, and there was already quite a spring picture here. There are two circumstances in the sentence, each simple one has its own. That's why a comma is placed. There is no common secondary term. Thus, the presence of a second minor member of the same type (place, time, purpose) in the second sentence gives the right to put a comma.
Example 2: By night, my mother's temperature rose even more, and we did not sleep all night. There is no reason to attribute the circumstance "to the night" to the second part of the complex sentence, therefore a comma is placed.
It should be noted that there are other cases in which a comma is not placed between parts of a compound sentence. These include the presence of a common introductory word, a common subordinate clause, as well as two sentences indefinitely personal, impersonal, identical in structure, exclamatory. But these cases were not included in the USE tasks, and they are not presented in the manuals and are not studied in the school course.
Specify the sentence in which you need to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)
1) The individuality of the writer is manifested in the preference for one or another color epithet.
2) The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, then impetuously and anxiously.
3) A. Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, both centuries-old forests and cozy coastal cities.
4) Almost every French sculptor worked simultaneously in the historical-mythological and portrait and landscape genres.
Tasks A22 in all variants of the exam test the ability to place punctuation marks in a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous members. We will analyze each proposal separately.
In the first sentence, turnover is used one or the other, consisting of index ( that) and defining ( different) pronouns. The comma is not needed here.
In the second sentence there is a repeating union then ... then, which connects homogeneous circumstances. Before the second part of the repeating union, you need to put a comma: The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, now impetuously and anxiously..
More on repeating unions.
The third sentence uses the construction how... so, a comma is placed before the second element ( like... so). It should be noted that if after the turnover like... so the sentence does not end, you must also put a comma after the construction: A. Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, both centuries-old forests and cozy coastal cities.
The fourth sentence uses a repeating conjunction And. If union And stands before each homogeneous member, then commas must be placed, starting with the second union: Almost every French sculptor worked simultaneously in the historical-mythological, portrait and landscape genres..
