I believe that the role of the Russian language is determined by the great significance that the Russian people had and has in the history of mankind - the creator and bearer of this language.
The Russian language is the single language of the Russian nation, but at the same time it is also a language international communication in modern world. The Russian language is gaining more and more international importance. It has become the language of international congresses and conferences, and the most important international treaties and agreements are written in it. Its influence on other languages is increasing. Back in 1920, V. I. Lenin proudly said: “Our Russian word“Soviet” is one of the most common, it is not even translated into other languages, but is pronounced in Russian everywhere.” The words Bolshevik, Komsomol member, collective farm, etc. have entered many languages of the world...
The Russian Federation is a multinational state. All peoples inhabiting it develop their national culture and language. Russian language is used by peoples Russian Federation as a language of international communication. Knowledge of the Russian language facilitates the communication of people of different nationalities inhabiting our country, facilitates their mutual understanding.
The Russian language enriches the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation with such words and expressions, such as: party, school, book, newspaper, collective farm, plan, factory, etc. In turn, some elements from national languages are included in the Russian dictionary literary language(for example, aul, akyn, ditch, kishlak, shaman, etc.).
AT modern conditions The Russian language is gaining more and more international importance. It is studied by many people in different countries peace.
The Russian language is undoubtedly the language of the richest fiction, global importance which is exceptionally large.
The Russian language is one of the most remarkable languages of the world in terms of diversity. grammatical forms and rich vocabulary. He has always been the pride of Russian writers who loved their people and their homeland. “The people who have such a language are a great people,” said one of the finest experts in the Russian word, I. S. Turgenev. M. V. Lomonosov found in the Russian language “the splendor of Spanish, the liveliness of French, the strength of German, the tenderness of Italian” and, in addition, “the richness and brevity of Greek and Latin».
A.S. Pushkin characterized the Russian language as a language "flexible and powerful in its turns and means ...", "receptive and sociable in its relationship to foreign languages ..." The great Russian writer highly valued folk Russian speech, its "freshness, simplicity and, so to speak, sincerity of expressions ”and saw the main advantage of the Russian literary language in its proximity to the language of the people.
“Great, mighty, truthful and free” - these are the words that I. S. Turgenev characterized the Russian language.
Thus, the huge role of the Russian language in the modern world is determined by its cultural value, its power and greatness.
Report on the topic:
"Russian language in the modern world".
Prepared by a student of 11 "B" class Ivanova Tatyana
Teacher:
Introduction ................................................ ................................................. ........ 3
Statistics................................................. ................................................. .... 4
The competitiveness of the Russian language is obvious. It successfully performs on the world stage as an intermediary language. It assumes the function of transmitting not only the content itself, but also the nationally specific aspects of the generally significant achievements of other peoples and their languages.
Russian language as a world language.
Statistical data widely published in the world indicate that the most effective factor in the admission of the Russian language to the "club of world languages" was historical events and accomplishments of the people - the native speaker of this language.
One of the signs of the world language should be considered its distribution outside the monolithic and primordial territory, its study in different countries of the world. An additional property of the Russian language as a world language is the nature of its assimilation - not only from generation to generation through family, environment, through interethnic marriages, through waves of emigration and migration, but also through a conscious, usually "academic", "business", "scientific", "creative" learning. For a world language, it is essential not only the number of those who speak it, but the global settlement of native speakers, their coverage of different, maximum number of countries, as well as the most influential social strata of the population in different states.
The Russian language is highly informative, that is, the ability to store in its system the maximum experience of communication and verbal creativity, tested means and possibilities for expressing and conveying thoughts.
Preserving its uniqueness and identity over a vast area and for a long time, the Russian language absorbed the riches of the languages of the West and East, mastered the Greek-Byzantine, Latin, Eastern and Old Slavonic heritage. He accepted the achievements of the new languages of the Romance and Germanic areas of Europe. However, the main source of its development, processing and polishing was the creative work of the Russian people, several generations of Russian scientists, politicians, culture and literature - thanks to them, the Russian language became a highly developed, rich, orderly, stylistically differentiated, historically balanced world language.
Problems of the modern Russian language.
On the other hand, it should be noted that there are negative trends in the development and use of the Russian language.
You can often hear now: the Russian language is in danger, almost fatal; colloquial reduced to a very small set of words, polluted by foreign words, primarily "Anglicisms". Like, if it goes on like this, the Russian language will lose its face.
But what about the Russian language? In what state is it now? .. Here and there we increasingly hear Americanized jargon, the dominance of foreign terms.
But does this mean that the Russian language is dying? Or vice versa? In this sense, the Russian language is undoubtedly in less danger than the same French or German, because, thanks to its flexibility, the endless play of suffixes and prefixes, it has always easily absorbed foreign words and quickly Russified them. And besides, a variety of dialects and related languages are still alive.
It is well known that the exchange of words between languages is a completely natural and inevitable process. The Russian language “absorbs” all neologisms like a sponge, adapts them to itself, and already all new words live their own Russian life, they are already perceived as native. Vocabulary is growing.
Nevertheless, anxiety about the Russian language is natural, because suddenly, almost overnight, Russia opened up to Western civilization after many decades of isolation. A lot of new words appeared, and the generous Russian people began to use fashionable expressions, sometimes without thinking about the real meaning of what they said. There are many inconsistencies and errors in the speech. The biggest concern is the disappearance of some native Russian words, words with purely Russian roots! The modern Russian language is rapidly losing its diversity. In this regard, we objectively lag behind the West: the number of words in various dictionaries, for example, English, is growing, but mainly due to scientific terms, which are becoming more and more every year.
Conclusion.
Summing up, we can conclude that, on the one hand, our Great Russian language is gradually reaching the world level and developing, but on the other hand, there are many important issues in modern Russian, which hinder its development.
Bibliography.
1. Vinogradov language. (Grammatical doctrine of the word). M. graduate School, 1996.
2. Vygotsky. oral speech .. M .: Education.
3. Leontiev. , speech, speech activity. M.: Education, 1995.
4. Modern Russian language. Proceedings - II. M. Publishing house of Moscow State University. 1999. 5. Ushakova. T..N., Pavlova. N. D., Zachesova in human communication. Moscow: Nauka, 2000
5. Magazine "Russian Century" | No. 6, 2011.
Modern world languages
Language is not just a means of transmitting information from one person to another, it is the quintessence of the history and culture of the people who speak it. The importance of this phenomenon for a particular nation cannot be overestimated, however, in the conditions of the modern world, when borders and distances have ceased to be an obstacle to communication between people, humanity is faced with the problem of a language barrier, which 6 world languages help people overcome: English, Chinese, French, Spanish, Arabic, Hindi and Russian. Own world recognition the latter received in the middle of the 20th century. According to UNESCO statistics, about 50% of the world's scientific and technical publications were published in Russian, and if we talk about the total volume of printed matter, this figure approached the mark of 20%.
Russian language in the modern world: reasons for its popularity
If earlier the need to communicate with representatives of other countries and cultures arose more often in politics and diplomacy, now more and more ordinary people forced to study foreign language due to professional or domestic circumstances. In multinational Russia, the Russian language serves as a kind of link connecting representatives of various peoples. Also, one should not lose sight of the fact that in many states former USSR it is owned by the majority of the population, moreover, in some countries, for example, such as Abkhazia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Belarus, it is recognized as state. If we talk about the international arena, then the Russian language in the modern world not only does not give up its positions, but also becomes more and more popular. The reason for this is the internationalization of science and the development of high technologies, in which Russian-speaking scientists take an active part. The Russian language in the modern world has been able to maintain its uniqueness and originality, while enriching the vocabulary of other languages and dialects. In many major world renowned universities there are departments of the Russian language, whose teachers are engaged not only in teaching and actively popularizing the language itself, but also in the culture of the Russian people as a whole. What are the functions of the Russian language in the modern world?
Russian language and the world community
The functions of the Russian language on the world stage are no different from the functions performed by any other world language: the transfer of information, including nationally specific information. Its competitiveness and ability to act as an intermediary language is obvious even to non-specialists, since over 114 million people in other countries consider it their native language or use it as an additional one, and more than 7 million speak it as a foreign language. The Russian language in the modern world has become so popular also because many are seduced by the opportunity to read the masterpieces of Russian literature in the original, thus wanting not only to feel all the charm of the great and mighty, but also to learn more about Russian culture.
Russian language - it combines the power of the people, its centuries-old history, the culture of many generations and the original traditions of the nation. For each person, the native language is not only a means of communication or information transmission, but also priceless gift passed on to him by his ancestors.
Russian language as a cultural phenomenon
It was in Russian that unsurpassed literary works, Mendeleev and Lomonosov, Pushkin and Lermontov, Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov spoke it.
The Russian language has a rich history, foreign tribes tried to assimilate it many times, but still, like the Russian people, it was able to maintain its independence, strength and power.
The Russian language is extremely multifaceted - it can easily convey all the feelings that arise in the human soul, thoughts and desires.
Modern Russian
In addition to the basic functions that are inherent in every language, the Russian language has another very important purpose - it is a unifying link for many peoples and nations. Russia is a multinational country, each ethnic group has its own own language, but often each of them provides an opportunity to communicate with a specific group of people.
The Russian language erases this obstacle. Also Russian is international language communication between Slavic countries: Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia.
According to the total number of people who speak it, the Russian language ranks 6th in the world. More than 200 million people consider it their native language, and the number of those who speak it reaches 360 million. In more than 10 countries, Russian has the status of an official language, among them - Russia, Belarus, Abkhazia, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan.
It is noteworthy that according to the laws of New York, official documents in the city must be published along with English, also in Russian, since the Russian diaspora in this city is growing every year. Despite the fact that in many independent countries of the post-Soviet space Russian does not have the status of an official language, it is spoken by about 50% of the population.
Unfortunately, among the Russian diaspora there is a tendency to reduce Russian-speaking youth: children in Everyday life communicate not in the language of their parents, but in the language taught at school and communicated in public places. However, among the youth of the post-Soviet countries, the Russian language acquires a literary coloring.
The generations born during the Soviet era speak mainly in dialects, with the use of various sound distortions. The speech of the younger generation is cleaner, even taking into account modern slang.
Problems of the modern Russian language
At the moment, the Russian language is experiencing a kind of crisis: it is saturated with profanity, Americanisms and numerous jargons.
Very often there are cases when a distorted language is very actively promoted by means of mass media, as well as high-ranking officials who make many mistakes in their speech, without attaching absolutely any importance to this, although the role of language in the life of society is enormous and its impact is very strong.
Illiteracy also distinguishes modern Russian music of the popular genre, which is oriented towards immature rising generations. Over time, the meaningless set of words inherent in many songs will become an element of youth communication.
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Russian language in the modern world.
Russian language total number speaker occupies a place in the top ten world languages, but it is rather difficult to pinpoint this place.
The number of people who consider Russian as their mother tongue exceeds 200 million people, 130 million of whom live in Russia. The number of people who are fluent in Russian and use it as a first or second language in everyday communication is estimated at 300-350 million.
In total, more than half a billion people in the world speak Russian to one degree or another, and according to this indicator, Russian ranks third in the world after Chinese and English.
Today, the question remains whether the influence of the Russian language in the world has been falling in recent decades or not.
On the one hand, the linguistic situation in the post-Soviet space, where before the collapse of the USSR, the Russian language served as the generally recognized language of interethnic communication, is very contradictory, and a variety of trends can be identified here. On the other hand, the Russian-speaking diaspora in the far abroad has grown many times over the past twenty years.
Of course, back in the seventies, Vysotsky wrote songs about “the spread of our people around the planet,” but in the nineties and two thousandth this spread became much more noticeable.
But to begin consideration of the situation with the Russian language as of the end of the 2000s, of course, one should start with the post-Soviet states.
In the post-Soviet space, in addition to Russia, there are at least three countries where the fate of the Russian language does not cause any concern. These are Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
In Belarus, the majority of the population speaks Russian in everyday life and in general in everyday communication, and in the cities, young people and many middle-aged people in Russian speech practically lack even the Belarusian accent that was characteristic in the past.
At the same time, Belarus is the only post-Soviet state where the state status of the Russian language was confirmed in a referendum by an overwhelming majority of votes.
Obviously, the services of translators from Russian into Belarusian will not be in demand for a long time, and possibly never - after all, almost all official and business correspondence in Belarus is conducted in Russian.
The language situation in Kazakhstan is more complex. In the 1990s, the share of Russians in the population of Kazakhstan decreased markedly, and Kazakhs became the national majority for the first time since the 1930s. According to the Constitution, the only state language in Kazakhstan is Kazakh. However, since the mid-nineties there has been a law equating the Russian language in all official areas with the state language. And in practice, in most state institutions of the city and regional level, as well as in the capital's government institutions, the Russian language is used more often than Kazakh.
The reason is simple and quite pragmatic. Representatives of different nationalities work in these institutions - Kazakhs, Russians, Germans, Koreans. At the same time, absolutely all educated Kazakhs are fluent in Russian, while representatives of other nationalities know Kazakh much worse.
A similar situation is observed in Kyrgyzstan, where there is also a law giving the Russian language official status, and in everyday communication, Russian speech in cities can be heard more often than Kyrgyz.
Azerbaijan adjoins these three countries, where the status of the Russian language is not officially regulated in any way, but in the cities the majority of residents of the indigenous nationality speak Russian very well, and many prefer to use it in communication. This is again facilitated by the multinational character of the population of Azerbaijan. For national minorities since Soviet Union Russian is the language of international communication.
Ukraine stands apart in this row. Here the language situation is peculiar, and the language policy sometimes takes on extremely strange forms.
The entire population of the east and south of Ukraine speaks Russian. Moreover, attempts at forced Ukrainization in a number of regions (in the Crimea, Odessa, Donbass) lead to the opposite result. The previously neutral attitude towards the Ukrainian language is changing into a negative one.
As a result, even the traditional mixed speech disappears in these territories - Surzhik in the east and Odessa dialect in Odessa and its environs. The new generation learns the language not on the example of parental speech, but on the example of the speech of Russian television announcers, and begins to speak the correct Russian literary language (with slang features of the 21st century).
An illustrative example: in the Russian speech of Ukrainian youth, the guttural Ukrainian “soft” Г (h) is replaced by the “hard” Ґ (g) of the Moscow-Petersburg type.
And in western Ukraine, too, not everything is simple. After all, the population of Carpathian and Transcarpathian Ukraine speaks dialects that are considered a separate Ruthenian language in neighboring countries (Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia).
And it turns out that the Ukrainian literary language and dialects close to the literary one in the Ukrainian state are spoken by a minority of the population. However, the Ukrainian authorities in recent years have been planting Ukrainian language by completely ridiculous methods - like the useless, but mandatory translation of all films shown in cinemas into Ukrainian.
However, unsurpassed in the desire to ensure that translation from Russian required the services of translation agency, remain the Baltic States - especially Latvia and Estonia.
True, it should be noted that the language policy of the state and the attitude of the population are still two big differences (as they still say in Odessa). Rumors that in order to communicate with the local population, a Russian tourist needs translation from English are greatly exaggerated.
The demands of life are stronger than the efforts of the state, and in this case this is manifested as clearly as possible. Even young people who were born in Latvia and Estonia already in the period of independence speak Russian well enough to understand each other. And cases when a Latvian or an Estonian refuses to speak Russian on principle are rare. So much so that each of these cases is the subject of heated discussion in the press.
According to the testimony of the majority of Russians who have visited Latvia and Estonia in recent years, they did not have to deal with signs of language discrimination. Latvians and Estonians are very hospitable, and the Russian language continues to be the language of interethnic communication in these countries. In Lithuania, the language policy was initially softer.
In Georgia and Armenia, Russian has the status of a national minority language. In Armenia, the proportion of Russians in the total population is very small, but a significant proportion of Armenians can speak Russian well. In Georgia, the situation is approximately the same, and the Russian language is more common in communication in those places where the proportion of the foreign-speaking population is large. However, among young people, knowledge of the Russian language in Georgia is very weak.
In Moldova, the Russian language has no official status (with the exception of Transnistria and Gagauzia), but de facto it can be used in the official sphere.
In Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, the Russian language is less commonly used than in neighboring Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. In Tajikistan, according to the Constitution, the Russian language is the language of interethnic communication, in Uzbekistan it has the status of a national minority language, in Turkmenistan the situation remains unclear.
One way or another, in all three states, the majority of the urban population speaks Russian. On the other hand, the indigenous people speak to each other in mother tongue, and they switch to Russian only in conversation with Russians or with representatives of national minorities.
The linguistic and socio-cultural situation in Uzbekistan is very clearly illustrated by modern Uzbek films. According to them, it is very interesting to observe in what situations the Uzbek citizens switch to Russian in a conversation with each other.
For example, in some new Uzbek films, reminiscent of Indian melodramas in plot, the characters switch to Russian to express feelings or clarify relationships that do not fit into patriarchal local customs. And there is a kind of language barrier. In a fairly Europeanized Uzbek society, any topic can be discussed - but not everyone can be discussed in the Uzbek language. For some, Russian is better.
One way or another, the Russian language is still the language of interethnic communication throughout the post-Soviet space. And leading role it is not the position of the state that plays here, but the attitude of the population.
But in the far abroad, the situation with the Russian language is the opposite. Russian, alas, is one of the languages that are lost in two generations.
Russian emigrants of the first generation prefer to speak Russian, and many of them learn the language new country not fully and speak with a strong accent. But already their children speak the local language with practically no accent (the girl, known to the author from her birth and who left with her mother for Sweden at the age of 11, by the age of sixteen was mistaken by the Swedes for a local, speaking a village dialect) and prefer the local language in communication.
They speak Russian only with their parents, and recently also on the Internet. And by the way, the Internet plays an extremely important role in preserving the Russian language in the diaspora.
But on the other hand, in the third or fourth generation, interest in the roots of the descendants of emigrants is revived, and they begin to specifically learn the language of their ancestors. Including Russian.
In the 1970s and 1980s, with an almost complete break in ties with the USSR, the Russian language gave way to English or Hebrew much faster than now, when any emigrant can keep in touch with family friends and acquaintances on the Internet.
In the seventies and eighties in Israel, emigrants from Russia learned Hebrew at an accelerated pace. And in the nineties, Israeli officials began to learn Russian at an accelerated pace, so as not to overload them with unnecessary work translation agencies.
Today at Last year, relating to the "zero", the Russian language not only remains the main language of interethnic communication throughout the post-Soviet space. It is well spoken by the older generation and well explained by the younger generation in many countries of the former socialist bloc.
For example, in the former GDR, schoolchildren were taught Russian, to be honest, much better than Soviet schoolchildren were taught German.
And it is hardly possible to say that the role of the Russian language in the world has fallen over the past twenty years.
One can only rejoice that the role of national languages has increased over the years in the post-Soviet space. But the Russian language continues to be the language of interethnic communication and one of the world languages, which is not in vain one of the official languages of the UN.
