Alexander Lukashenko has appointed Andrey Korol as rector of BSU. Until now, this position was held by Sergei Ablameyko, who was said to be a strong scientist who raised the university in world rankings. And what to expect from the King, who will move to Minsk from the rector's chair of Grodno University? It is known that the King was once promoted by Semyon Shapiro, who headed the Grodno region. It is known that the King defended dissertations on pedagogy in Russia. And also the fact that the King cleared out all the opposition-minded teachers there.

Korol was born in Grodno in 1972, his academic path is very confusing: he is an engineer by education, but he defended his candidate and doctorate in Moscow on "heuristic pedagogy", after which he worked at a medical university at the department of medical and biological physics.

In 2012, he headed the Department of Pedagogy of the GrSU, and a year later, being quite young, he became the rector of this university.

The king is married to a distant relative (granddaughter of his sister) Masherov, physician Tatyana Pranko, who heads the department at the Grodno Medical University.

It is known that the King is a religious man, his great-grandfather was a priest. The new rector of BSU is fond of Eastern philosophy, reads Chinese and Japanese authors.

In the last presidential elections, the King was a confidant of Alexander Lukashenko in the Grodno region.

He advanced significantly when Semyon Shapiro was in charge of the Grodno region, was in close contact and maintained friendship with Andrey Khudyk, the former mayor of Grodno (later he became deputy presidential affairs manager, and is now a minister natural resources).

And what did the King remember in Grodno? First of all, the dismissal of independent-minded teachers.

Many associate professors and professors have lost their jobs since the arrival of the King. His colleagues speak unkindly of him.

“For me, the King is a gray and Moscow personality. He was appointed rector of the GrSU when Shapiro and Khudyk launched a war against the intelligentsia. With the advent of the King, the following left: Swede, Silverstov, Sorkin, I was also fired, Igor Kuzminich, Alla Petrushkevich from the philological faculty, Sergey Snop ... Under him, the destruction of the history department began, which today recruits less than 30 people, and which is part of the artificially created faculty of history, communications and tourism, where the history of Belarus is now taught in Russian. Pensioners stayed to work there, the progressive elements were purged and cleaned out! The King is a pupil of the Moscow academic school, and I feel sorry for the Belarusian State University, because there is nothing Belarusian in the King. Nowhere and never did he publicly speak in Belarusian. Under him, Naryshkin (then the speaker of the State Duma of Russia) came to GrSU, and retired historians began to ask to create a branch of the Russian historical society". Can you imagine? What else can be said about this man? - the candidate said sharply historical sciences, Associate Professor Gennady Semenchuk.

Another historian, Igor Marzalyuk, adheres to other positions and can only say about the King kind words.

“He is a wonderful, worthy professional,” says Igor Marzalyuk about the King. - I am personally happy that this person will be the rector of BSU. If every rector cared so much for his team, like the King in Grodno, then the teachers would not say that they were humiliated. Grodno University is one of the best in terms of the number of theses defended, in terms of quality, and in terms of funding for those who know how and love to work. And I think it's one of the most right choices today. And what they say that he eliminated the Belarusian language at the State University is a lie! The King speaks to me in Belarusian.”

“A rector is always a combination of a scientist and an administrator. Both of them are excellent for the King. I am satisfied with the decisions of the head of state in relation to other rectors - for these people, Belarus is not just a place of residence, but a Motherland. And I'm not acting as his lawyer here, so I don't owe him anything, and he doesn't owe me. I just came across him and I have such an opinion. What will he change? And you ask the Grodno teachers who did not run away to work in the Polish fields, but stayed: what changed when the King came? I was pleasantly surprised by the system of financial incentives for specialists that Grodno has. Many metropolitan rectors should learn how to treat high professionals with care and loyalty. And there is no need to sculpt a Belarusianophobia from the King. Look who his vice-rectors are. Would you call them Belarussophobes? You have to be sick in the head to think that something was done badly in Grodno. These are the grievances of those who were fired for various reasons. He fought against Polonization, and not against Belarusianness, that's what I will say,” Igor Marzalyuk summed up.

Another former teacher of the GrSU, Candidate of Historical Sciences and Associate Professor Inna Sorkina gives examples of how Russification of the university was rapidly carried out under the King.

“If someone describes him as a pro-Russian person, then this is true - I can confirm this feature of him. This was palpable in the politics that began with his arrival. I even remember such small moments as the timetable for students: they translated it from Belarusian into Russian, they tried to replace the signs on the classrooms with Russian ones, - Sorkina recalls. - The order on graduation from the university and the presentation of diplomas began to be issued in Russian, previously the Belarusian language was always used at graduation. Teachers who taught in Belarusian were under pressure to switch to Russian, ostensibly because of the presence of Turkmen students. At one solemn event, my young acquaintance, a teacher who was going to speak in Belarusian, was told that the rector might not like it: it would be better if you, they say, delivered your speech in Russian. This completes his characterization. You can’t specifically say about Belarusian phobia, but there was a rejection of the Belarusian language.”

Artem Garbatsevich

On September 28, Lukashenka appointed a new rector of BSU. Andrey Korol, the former rector of the Grodno State University, became the former rector of the Grodno State University, under which several teachers who did not agree with the "party line" were fired at once.

Andrew King. Photo grodnonews.by

Rector of Grodno University Andrey Korol became in March 2013. At the time of his appointment, he was 40 years old, which made him one of the youngest rectors in the country.

The King began his career as a physics teacher at school, then moved to private university, and then worked for eight years at the Grodno Medical University. To Grodno State University he came in 2012 as the head of the department of the pedagogical faculty, and the very next year he took the main chair at the university.

The new rector was provided to the teaching staff by the Minister of Education Sergey Maskevich. The meeting was also attended at that time by the head of the Grodno region Semyon Shapiro, who said that the scandalous dismissal of the teacher Andrey Chernyakevich- his personal initiative. At the same time, Shapiro said that he regularly reads KGB reports and knows everything. “At the university, 16 people are calling for the overthrow of the government,- the official lamented. - They also ride bicycles and clap their hands!” It was about silent protests.

So Andrei Korol from the first days in his new position understood what academic freedoms were in the Belarusian way.

As a teacher, the King is a supporter of dialogue with the student. In his scientific works ah and the interview notes that it is necessary to teach students to analyze and make non-standard decisions. As a rector, he is a supporter of the rating system for evaluating the work of teachers, which takes into account not only lecture hours, but also scientific achievements employees.

On the eve of the new academic year, Andrei Korol noted that 50% of the funding for GrSU comes from the budget, 50% comes from its own funds.

Judging by the interview, the new rector of BSU has a rather progressive view of the education system: “Teaching a student anything is a road to nowhere. We must teach the student to learn - to ask questions, create their own product and compare it with existing achievements.

However, in practice critical thinking some teachers of GrSU cost them their jobs at the university. And it happened under the leadership of the King.

Professor Vyacheslav Shved headed the department of Belarusian culture and regional tourism. He is one of the authors of the book Grodnaznastvo. Why does the chronology in the book end in the 90s, why is there no paragraph about present stage, why there is only a white-red-white flag and the coat of arms Pohonya and how Belarusian teachers dared to publish abroad without the permission of the leadership - these are the main claims that Shved and his colleagues heard from the university administration.

With the appointment of a new rector, the professor learned that the contract would not be extended with him, the decision was signed by the predecessor of the King Evgeny Rovba, but Vyacheslav Shved left the university already under Andrei Korol. Neither the public outcry nor the appeals of honored people saved the situation.

Inna Sorkina For 18 years she taught the history of Belarus at the university. In 2013, she collected signatures under an appeal to the Ministry of Education that the history and geography of Belarus should be taught in the Belarusian language, as it was before the reform. In addition, Sorkina supported her colleague Andrei Chernyakevich, another of the authors of the Grodnaznastvo textbook, who was fired from the university on Shapiro's orders.

At the beginning of 2014, Inna Sorkina lost her job, the formal reason was that she was not elected to the position of associate professor through a competition, although the teacher insists that, compared to other candidates, her scientific and pedagogical performance was higher. Sorkina failed to achieve justice, the court took the position of the university.

Professor Svetlana Kul-Selvestrov actively supported Grodno historians, who fell into disgrace after the publication of Grodnaznastvo. She collected signatures in the name of the rector of the GrSU, the teachers demanded to stop the pressure on colleagues. She publicly disagreed with the dismissal of Sorkina, Shved, Chernyakevich. As a result, when the time came to continue her contract, the professor was refused with the motivation "does not correspond to the position held." She has been working at the university since the 1980s.

To the historian Gennady Semenchuk questions arose at the same time when the authors of Grodnaznastvo began to be summoned to the rector's office. The administration also did not like the fact that some Grodno teachers, among whom was Semenchuk, have long-standing ties and teaching experience in foreign universities, albeit in their free time.

In 2015, Gennady Semenchuk's contract ended, which was not renewed without explanation. His students spoke out in support of the teacher, but this did not affect the situation. Semenchuk himself said that his dismissal was a continuation of Shapiro's List.

And even though Shapiro himself was no longer working in Grodno at that time, the echoes of his decisions made themselves felt for several more years. Some of the teachers, also objectionable to the administration, did not wait for the end of the contract or dismissal, they themselves wrote a statement of their own free will.

The reprisal against objectionable teachers is what, of course, the period of Andrey Korol's tenure as rector of Grodno State University was remembered for. Should BSU employees be afraid of a new broom now?

Belarusian State University is consistently included in 2 percent top universities peace. At the same time, the authority of the university in the international educational arena is constantly strengthening. Here is another leap forward: at the end of June, BSU for the first time entered the oldest and one of the most prestigious world rankings - the Shanghai Subject Ranking of Universities ARWU - and signed important agreements in the field of international cooperation. What is the secret of such stability and success? How is the university developing today, what tasks are facing the flagship higher education Belarus? Sergei Ablameyko, Rector of the Belarusian State University, spoke about this and many other things to SB.

Sergei Vladimirovich, when the Belarusian State University conquers the next step in the world rankings, you certainly experience great satisfaction both as a leader and as a patriot of your country. How important are these achievements for the university?

International rankings for BSU are a kind of benchmark that helps to understand which of our areas of activity correspond to the world level, and where the university still needs to make additional efforts. And this is important not only for the university. The fact that BSU has become one of the top 500 universities in the ARWU Shanghai subject ranking in physics can become an important and even decisive argument when choosing a university for many parents and applicants, including those from other countries. By the way, last month the Belarusian State University also significantly improved its positions in the influential British QS ranking - we are now in 334th place there. In the updated Times Higher Education ranking among European universities BSU is included in the 301+ group.

According to the results of the "Best Exporter of 2016" contest, BSU became the winner in the "Education" nomination. But international reputation is very difficult to build...

Yes, this is a whole range of activities and efforts. And today our university is the leader in training foreign citizens in Belarus: in total, over 2.5 thousand people from more than 50 countries of the world study with us. This is not only prestigious for the state, but also economically beneficial - it is believed that the costs of one foreign student equal to the costs of 25 ordinary tourists visiting the country. And last year was a record year for us: BSU earned about $10 million in export money. Of these, 8 million educational services, another 2 million - the export of scientific and technical products. Over the past five years, we have exported our products to 39 countries, including 31 foreign countries - the USA, China, Great Britain, Germany, France, Israel and others.

How are things going in terms of international cooperation? It seems that Belarusian State University has been looking towards the East more often lately?

You are right, we have recently signed several important agreements with leading Chinese universities, and with the Dalian University of Technology we are even creating a joint institute where citizens of Belarus and China will be able to study, teachers from BSU and DTU will work. In general, BSU has more than 400 cooperation agreements with leading universities from more than 50 countries of the world.

The achievements of the university in the field of science are increasingly striking. After all, it was at the Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University that a unique drug for cancer, cisplacel, was recently created, which became the second drug in the world in terms of the effectiveness of the therapeutic effect...

And this is just the tip of the iceberg! BSU scientists take an active part in the work of the European Center for Nuclear Research CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), projects of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia). BSU also has its own research and production enterprises. We are also working very fruitfully in the space industry: 300 switching power supplies and a VSS video spectral system for the Russian rocket and space industry are also our work.

Photo by Yulia ISHMURATOVA

- What kind of applicants is BSU waiting for this year?

As always, the very best. On our website in the section "Applicant of BSU" we have placed interesting information about faculties, specialties and famous alumni to help guide the choice of those who are still thinking. Via " Personal account» the applicant can speed up the process of submitting documents to admission committee: we fill out electronic documents calmly at home, and already we bring only originals to the university and take pictures. The same digital photo will then come in handy for a student ID card. By the way, BSU is also easy to find on social networks, where we are happy to communicate and answer all questions.

- Is it easy to study at BSU?

Learning well is never easy. In BSU - especially. To make the learning process more efficient, we are constantly introducing new forms of work. For example, we are practicing online learning, which is now fashionable all over the world, and developing blended learning. An increasing number of teachers use elements of distance teaching. We recently launched a large eBSU website, where we collected all our electronic services in the educational field. Digital library BSU is the largest in Central and Eastern Europe and is included in the top 100 university libraries in the world. Almost all buildings have high-speed Internet access via Wi-Fi. In a word, we create absolutely all conditions for successful study.

Photo by Alexey MOROZOV

- What are the challenges facing the university today?

To express yourself even more in the international arena. We will continue to introduce innovative solutions in educational process, study scientific developments, to train the intellectual elite of our society, to educate and educate patriots. By the way, we are already almost 100 years old, and by this date we are preparing a series of books “Belarusian State University: 100 years for the benefit of the Fatherland”. The book “Intellectual Elite of Belarus. The founders of Belarusian science and higher education (1919 - 1941)”, as well as a book about university dynasties.

Help "SB"

BSU Rector Sergei Ablameyko is a world-famous scientist who has been in charge of the university since 2008. Doctor technical sciences, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist. Laureate of the State Prize in the field of science and technology. Row Academician international academies and honorary professor at many foreign universities. Vice President of the Eurasian Association of Universities. A well-known scientist in the field of computer science and information technology, the author of more than 600 articles and 20 books, including the book "Cosmonautics of Belarus".

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The Belarusian State University is ready to provide a hostel for all first-year students of natural science faculties and almost all of the humanities faculties.

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The Belarusian State University unites 16 faculties and 11 educational institutions, including institutes, a lyceum and a college of law, which are part of the BSU complex, as well as research institutions, manufacturing enterprises and legal entities. Almost 50,000 people study at BSU every year, and about 9,000 employees work here.

Picheta Vladimir Ivanovich, Professor at the Department of History National economy Belarus and the history of Belarusian law. Born in 1879 in Poltava. In 1898 he graduated from the Poltava Gymnasium. He graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University in 1901 with a diploma of the 1st degree. From 1901 to May 1902 he taught in secondary educational institutions Moscow. From May 1903 to September 1904 - in the teacher's seminary of the town of Korystoshiv, Kyiv province.

From September 1903 to September 1905 - in Yekaterinoslav: at the Commercial School, the Women's Gymnasium and the Men's Classical Gymnasium. And here are the recollections of one of the students of the Women's Gymnasium: "Everything was interesting and new at school, Picheta's lessons were especially interesting.

Teaching history and literature at school during the years of tsarism was not an easy task. The teacher was vigilantly watched from above and nothing was forgiven from below. The program on world history ended at the gates of the French Revolution, and the students entered the Russian atmosphere.

Vladimir Ivanovich was young and inexperienced. He just graduated from university. But he was honest and loved his subject. This helped him: his lessons were inspired. Throwing aside the government curriculum and stepping over the framework of the school routine, he gave us his lectures, always carefully prepared and imbued with materialistic philosophy and the spirit of freedom.

I remember these lessons as follows: casually leaning back in his chair, slightly playing pince-nez and screwing up his short-sighted eyes, Vladimir Ivanovich calmly reads his lecture, and the enthusiastic listeners eagerly and hastily write down every word.

In the modest, very cramped apartment of the teacher was the office of Vladimir Ivanovich. It was a very small room, barely big enough for a small table, shelves of books, a drawer of papers, and a few chairs. She didn't have any decorations. There was no upholstered furniture in it either. In this ascetic atmosphere, Vladimir Ivanovich prepared lectures and wrote his first books.

He was very friendly with us and willingly answered our questions. Of particular interest to us was a large wooden box filled with plain gray folders containing copies of historical documents.

From 1905 to 1922 he taught at the following secondary educational institutions: the Alexander Commercial School, at the Trading School of the Exchange Society, at the Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences, at the Women's Teacher's Seminary, at the Catherine's Institute. The latter left in protest with a whole group of teachers. He taught at the school of the 2nd stage, transformed from a classical gymnasium. Since 1905 he was a teacher at the Higher Women's Courses.

In 1910, he passed the master's exam, read two trial lectures, and was approved as a Privatdozent at Moscow University. In February 1911, he left the university in protest against Casso's policies, along with a group of other professors and lecturers. In 1917 he became a teacher at Moscow University. after the merger of the Higher Women's Courses with the university, he was a professor at Moscow University. On February 18, 1918, he defended his thesis for a master's degree in Russian history. On March 19, 1918, he defended his thesis for a doctorate degree. In 1919 he was a professor at Tambov and Smolensk universities.

In 1921 he was appointed rector and professor of Russian history at the Belarusian State University and became a supernumerary professor at Moscow University. Picheta not only built the first Belarusian state university from scratch, not only found time for an active social activities, to overcome numerous bureaucratic barriers, but also constantly wrote monographs and articles about the history of Belarus. The routine of administrative affairs not only did not interfere, but, on the contrary, contributed. The fact that he, a well-known professor, personally prepared the audience for the first classes at BSU, cannot but arouse respect - he carried chairs and tables, hung up announcements, introduced invited and yet unknown teachers from Russian and Ukrainian universities to the student audience.

October 31, 1921 was the first lecture on history. This day became the day of deployment of the real activity of the Belarusian State University. Vladimir Ivanovich, as a scientist by vocation, did not interrupt his scientific work for a single day. Every year he published 12-25 books, brochures, articles, reports.

Throughout the entire time of his work at the Belarusian State University, Picheta pieced together all the multicolored Belarusian historical "spadchyna", grouped young scientists around him, and aimed precisely at the development of the Belarusian theme both of them and eminent scientists. The rector at the university was perceived not only as a leader and organizer, but also as a scientist and an outstanding teacher. For him, lecture activity was not a simple addition to the post of rector, but a vital necessity, the essence of his worldview. The work in the classrooms was very hard, because I had to give lectures to students of almost all university specialties. He, the professor, led to this workshops with students of 1,3,4 courses on the history of Polish culture and the history of Belarus. Until 1922 he remained on the staff of the Central Archives as chief inspector. His developments and comprehension of the ways of development of university historical education allowed Vladimir Ivanovich in 1939 to create the first in the USSR department of the history of the northern and western Slavs at Moscow State University. The first work on the history of Belarus was the article "Lithuanian-Polish unions and the attitude of the Lithuanian-Russian gentry towards them." The scientist's career continued for 44 years and almost a quarter of all scientific works were written by him while working at the Belarusian State University. He was driven by the need to preserve the Belarusian intelligentsia to solve the problems of the formation and development of the new Belarus. The scientist actually lived in this way in 1918-1929. Such confidence allowed him in the first post-revolutionary hours to quite quickly recruit a staff of outstanding scientists to conduct the educational and scientific process at the Belarusian State University. Picheta believed in BSU, and in this regard, the words of S.M. Myalkikh are characteristic: "Vladimir Ivanovich's bright look at the future of BSU quickly convinced me that it was necessary to go to Minsk..."

A manifestation of democracy was the presence of students in the board, but they did not take a real part in decision-making. Another manifestation of democracy was the holding of public meetings. In the first academic year alone, 57 such meetings were held. From the very beginning of its existence, the university set the goal of becoming "the central cultural center not only of modern Belarus, but also of neighboring provinces adjacent to it, Vitebsk, Gomel, Smolensk, in order to unite adjacent provinces in a single state through its activities."

In addition, there was the BSU Council, whose members were elected at the general meeting. Councils were also elected at the faculties, which resolved the most important issues at the faculty level. In accordance with the new Regulations on Higher Educational Institutions, on January 17, 1922, a new board was elected from the BSU Council: V.I. Picheta (rector), Ivanovsky, Katsenbogen, Korsak, Barkusevich. And the first leadership of the faculties consisted exclusively of professors.

But a year later, after the second intake of students, the conditions for conducting the educational process deteriorated sharply. The buildings could no longer accommodate students, teachers, or administration. Sometimes I had to cancel classes. From the first days, the university switched to financial self-sufficiency through a paid form of education. Students paid for their studies even in kind (provided firewood).

In 1923, the board of the Belarusian State University concluded an agreement with the city authorities, according to which all hospitals were transferred to the university, more precisely, the management of their medical unit, on the basis of which physicians would be trained.

In 1924/25 academic year there was a fixed budget. The money was needed to ensure the educational process, in which leading role played books, textbooks, manuals. The BSU library actually began its work in December 1921. Then they counted on the money of the Central Executive Committee of the SSRB. It was not in vain that in 1925 V.I.

In 1925, the first graduation of specialists was prepared. The first graduate of the new Belarus - V.M. Karakulka.

The rector had something to do with everything the university lived with. Either he "knocks out" a Belarusian-speaking seven-year plan for the students of the pedagogical faculty to conduct internships at the Main Trade Union Bureau, or he proves the need to allocate 30,000 rubles for the construction of a boarding school for professors. It was thanks to V.I.Picheta that in the 1927/28 academic year it was decided to build a university campus.

Vladimir Ivanovich was interested in the problem of Marxism already because they flooded the society. But he paid more attention to the activities of the local history association: he himself went to Polotsk with a university expedition, because. believed that material sources are an effective means of historical research. He emphasized professionalism and popularized Belarusian history, and did this almost everywhere: at meetings of state bodies, at lectures, on business trips abroad (to Germany, Poland, Norway, Lithuania and others).

It is known that during the Moscow period of his life, V.I. Picheta regularly held scientific debates with his young colleagues and students. But the tradition of such scientific disputes was laid down during the formation of BSU. At one of the Belarusian disputes, Picheta expressed the following idea: "Belarusian historians should direct their efforts to creating the history of the Belarusian people, abandoning their views on the history of Belarus as part of the history of Moscow."

Vladimir Ivanovich expanded the boundaries of Belarusian science, joined it to European successes. His scientific trips of that time are an example of noble service to Belarusian science and education.

In 1923 he was in Germany and Lithuania.

In 1925 - Kharkov, Czech Republic.

Summer 1928 - Picheta participated in the Berlin Week of Historians with a report "Agrarian reform in the second half of the 16th and early 17th centuries in the eastern regions of Lithuania"

From a trip to the Czech Republic, the historian learned that as soon as possible it is necessary to write books on the history and culture of Belarus with translation into European languages. Picheta already in 1921 considered it necessary to single out a special Slavic block of disciplines in the historical formation of the new Belarusian university. Since 1926, a separate course in the history of the Western Slavs has been taught.

Scientific activity of V.I. Picheta expressed herself in the publication of scientific papers:

• 1. Lithuania and Belarus - 38 works
• 2. Ukraine - 12
• 3. History of the Southern Slavs - 6
• 4. General works on Russian history - 15
• 5. Time of Troubles - 4
• 6. Moscow State -17
• 7.18 century - 25
• 8. Archiving - 5
• 9. Pedagogy - 3
• 10. Literature 1

With such a list of merit - half a lifetime of humiliation. In 1930, he walked along " academic affairs". Two random Moscow visits to Academicians Platonov and Lyubavsky, who would then be accused of a "monarchist conspiracy", turned out to be enough to change everything once and for all. In September 1930, he was arrested. A month of interrogations and a year in solitary confinement. He signed everything .. Then - a link to Vyatka.

There is a legend that he was "taken out of exile" on the personal order of Stalin, at whose reception a Czech diplomat asked about the fate of the famous scientist Picheta. Within one night they found Picheta. They brought me to Moscow, washed me, fed me to my heart's content. They changed into a decent suit, even found pince-nez "from someone else's nose", which better times has always been the "business card" of a scientist. And they showed it to the eyes of a foreign diplomat, recommending to tell about a long scientific trip ...

The veracity of this story has not been confirmed. Therefore, many scientists who have studied the archives consider it pure legend. The true reason for the return of the weakened Picheta from exile remains a mystery. And so this legend is retold again and again. They retell because they want to believe in a miracle. To believe that fate intervened, fate - any higher authority. Yes, and the return - almost at the last moment: the health of a world-famous scientist, who worked in Vyatka as a modest rationing officer in public catering, was failing. Against the background of exhaustion of the body, a minor fracture of the arm turned into sepsis - a general blood poisoning. Picheta was transferred to Voronezh, where he was even allowed to teach at the Pedagogical Institute. But in his letters, the professor wrote that his life was just as unbearable: "... the harsh reality undermines my strength: how can I lecture to students and work productively when my name appears on the list of disenfranchised, and the Housing Union makes demands to throw out me on the street as a "disenfranchised"?

A long-term languishing resentment that he, "devoted to the new system," was declared a "counter-revolutionary, and even a monarchist!" - in all letters from prison and exile. He asked former fellow scientists for help, making excuses: after the peace talks in Riga in 1921, where he was an expert of the delegation Soviet Russia, "many historians turned away from me on the street and generally treated me negatively for my penchant for Marxism and devotion to Soviet power. They hated me for my work in the BSSR." The prison year is the year of despair. “I even hung myself,” he writes in a letter to Academician Pokrovsky, “but the rope broke...

The link ended in 1935. True, they are not allowed to return to Minsk: Picheta works in Moscow. But the thread does not break: there are still a lot of works on the history of Belarus in the working folders of the professor. The memorandum "On the issue of the southern border of the BSSR" (on the rationale for the separation of Western Ukrainian and Western Belarusian annexed lands), together with an accompanying letter from the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP(b)B Panteleimon Ponomarenko, lay on the table of Georgy Malenkov, secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In Minsk, Vladimir Ivanovich - graduate students, consultations. In 1939 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1940, by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the BSSR, he was restored to the rank of academician of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. Life seemed to be getting better. It seemed... Ponomarenko regularly received dirt on Vladimir Picheta from Lavrenty Tsanava.

I had to work in completely different conditions. In 1942, while evacuated in Tashkent, Vladimir Ivanovich wrote to T. Gorbunov, secretary of the Central Committee of the CP(b)B for propaganda, that he agreed "to any work on the history of Belarus in the pre-Soviet period." But soon he promises to leave the academy altogether: vice-president of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR Yakub Kolas was appointed to head the topic "History of Belarus in 1861 - 1914". Professor Picheta states: "... here it is necessary to carry out research, and there are no specialists in the history of Belarus at all ... I take into account all political implications, but scientifically ... I consider other persons little competent ... and I do not need anyone's editorial staff. "However, after this attack, he still continued to work. Never realizing that a professor with such a past and such a stubborn way CANNOT write the history of the country, especially since there was a war going on.

At the beginning of 1944, Gorbunov gave a very harsh review of his work "The Heroic Past of the Belarusian People". A year later, a brochure of the same name was published under the name of Gorbunov himself, without references to Professor Picheta. In October 1946, at a meeting of the Bureau, the first secretary of the Central Committee Ponomarenko, having smashed to smithereens the team of authors of the newly published issue of the "History of the BSSR", declares: "We cannot ignore Picheta's past works on the history of Belarus, due to the absolute unacceptability and hostility of the concepts, forming the basis of these works. Ponomarenko also accuses other scientists of being influenced by Picheta's "mistakes." The most serious of which: "Picheta is trying to refute the most important historical fact, which consists in the fact that Belarus received state independence for the first time in the Great October Socialist Revolution. "But the real indignation of the first secretary of the Central Committee is that Picheta defines "humanistic environments", centers of education on Belarusian soil: the Vilna Jesuit Academy, the court of Prince Yuri Slutsky , Radziwill Nesvizh, court of hetman Grigory Khodkevich, etc. "What could be more disgusting than the concept that puts forward the stranglers of the Belarusian people, feudal Polish and Lithuanian magnates ... outstanding representatives of the Belarusian national and cultural revival!" in 1946. Picheta's name is not on the list of authors, but he is invisibly present.An event is coming that is absolutely characteristic of the customs of those years - Gorbunov, who worked on the book, is accused of popularizing Picheta's views and even talking about plagiarism.During many hours of debate, Gorbunova is blamed not only for plagiarism (which, however, was not), sk only for loyalty to the disgraced professor.

And already on November 20, 1946, "Soviet Belarus" published an article "Discussion of the first issue of the "History of the BSSR", in which the emphasis was firmly: Picheta is to blame for everything, his mistakes "make themselves felt in the works of other historians." The article also says, that comrade Gorbunov admitted the mistakes made and "after revision, the first issue of the History of the BSSR will be able to satisfy the needs of readers" ...

Any work on historical works in the BSSR was ordered for Picheta. They reminded him of everything. Even the fact that he is not either a Czech or a Serb - in a word, a person of vague origin. Since then, the scientist has worked only in Moscow. The Belarusian topic was no longer touched upon. In January 1947, when Vladimir Picheta worked as deputy director of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Bureau of the Department of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences noted that Academician Picheta was the highest authority on the history of Lithuania and Belarus. But this did not change much - cut off from Belarus, the academician soon dies ...

"His works will primarily guide his work and his future biographer. But there was something else in Vladimir Ivanovich, something important, which sometimes you can’t subtract from his books. He had great personal charm, scientific tolerance, innate pedagogical tact and a sense of camaraderie ".V.D. Korolyuk

Bibliography

Rector Picheta Professor Biographical

• 1. Korolyuk V.D. Vladimir Ivanovich Picheta // Questions of History. 1970 No. 8. P. 76
• 2. Kozhushkov A.I., Yanovsky O.A. Belarusian University. Chronicle of events (1919-1989) Mn., 1990
• 3. Belarusian State University for 1921-22 academic year. Mn., 1992
• 4. Pravda Moscow1958
• 5. Star 1924 February 6, 1923 January 9, February 8
• 6. Proceedings of BSU.1922.No.1.s211
• 7. BSU GIUST
• 8. Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus