Dmitry Petrov

DMITRY UGLITSKY The unfortunate baby In the line of high-born Rurikovich there are individuals who were glorified not by successful rule, not by victory over the enemy and not by special Christian piety, not at all anything related to their life, but only by death. most

46. ​​Dmitry Kharatyan Dmitry Vadimovich was born in Almalyk, Uzbek SSR on January 20, 1960, he came to the Moscow region at the age of three with his family. Draw "(1977).

47. Dmitry Pevtsov Dmitry Anatolyevich was born on July 8, 1963 in a sports family (mother is a sports doctor, father is an honored pentathlon coach). In GITIS he was the head of the course, he served in the army on the stage of the SA Theater. He has been filming in films since 1989 (“Witch Dungeon” and “Mother”) Since 1991

29. Dmitry Martyanov It was a very young man. A few years ago, Dmitry Pavlovich Martyanov graduated from the Borisoglebsk flight school and served in fighter aviation for a year. But for some reason he did not stay in the army. Either he got laid off, or he didn’t fit

In October 1582, Ivan the Terrible's son Dmitry was born, who was destined to become the last offspring (in the male line) of the royal Rurik dynasty. According to accepted historiography, Dmitry lived for eight years, but his name hung like a curse over the Russian state for another 22 years.

Russian people often have the feeling that the Motherland is under some kind of spell. “Everything is wrong with us – not like normal people.” At the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries in Russia they were sure that they knew the root of all troubles - the curse of the innocently murdered Tsarevich Dmitry was to blame.

Nabat in Uglich

For Tsarevich Dmitry, the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible (from his last marriage to Maria Naga, who, by the way, was never recognized by the church), everything ended on May 25, 1591, in the city of Uglich, where he, in the status of a specific prince of Uglich, was in an honorable exile . At noon, Dmitry Ioannovich threw knives with other children who were part of his retinue. In the materials of the investigation into the death of Dmitry, there is evidence of one youth who played with the tsarevich: “... the tsarevich played de poking with a knife with them in the backyard, and an illness came upon him - an epileptic ailment - and attacked the knife." In fact, these testimonies became the main argument for the investigators to qualify the death of Dmitry Ioannovich as an accident. However, the arguments of the investigation would hardly have convinced the residents of Uglich. Russian people have always trusted signs more than the logical conclusions of "people." And there was a sign ... And what another! Almost immediately after the heart of the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible stopped, the alarm rang over Uglich. The bell of the local Spassky Cathedral rang. And everything would be fine, only the bell would ring on its own - without a bell ringer. This is according to a legend, which the Uglichans for several generations considered a true story and a fatal sign. When the inhabitants learned of the death of the heir, a riot began. The Uglichites smashed the Prikaznaya hut, killed the sovereign's clerk with his family, and several other suspects. Boris Godunov, who actually ruled the state under the nominal Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich, hastily sent archers to Uglich to suppress the rebellion. Not only the rebels got it, but also the bell: they tore it off the bell tower, tore out the “tongue”, cut off the “ear” and publicly punished on the main square with 12 lashes. And then he, along with other rebels, was sent into exile, to Tobolsk. The then Tobolsk voivode, Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky, ordered that the bell-eared bell be locked in the command hut, with the inscription “first exiled inanimate from Uglich” written on it. However, the massacre of the bell did not save the authorities from the curse - everything was just beginning.

End of the Rurik dynasty

After the news of the death of the prince spread throughout the Russian Land, rumors spread among the people that the boyar Boris Godunov had a hand in the "accident". But there were daredevils who suspected of a "conspiracy", and the then tsar - Fyodor Ioannovich, the elder half-brother of the deceased prince. And there were reasons for this.

40 days after the death of Ivan the Terrible, Fedor, heir to the Moscow throne, began to actively prepare for his coronation. By his order, a week before the wedding to the kingdom, the widow-tsarina Maria and her son Dmitry Ioannovich were sent to Uglich - "to reign." The fact that the last wife of Tsar John IV and the prince were not invited to the coronation was a terrible humiliation for the latter. However, Fedor did not stop there: for example, the content of the prince's court was sometimes reduced several times a year. Just a few months after the beginning of his reign, he orders the clergy to remove the traditional mention of the name of Tsarevich Dmitry during divine services. The formal basis was that Dmitry Ioannovich was born in his sixth marriage and, according to church rules, was considered illegitimate. However, everyone understood that this was just an excuse. The ban on mentioning the prince during divine services was perceived by his court as a wish for death. There were rumors among the people about failed assassination attempts on Dmitry. So, the Briton Fletcher, while in Moscow in 1588-1589, wrote that his nurse died from the poison intended for Dmitry.

Six months after the death of Dmitry, the wife of Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich, Irina Godunova, became pregnant. Everyone was waiting for the heir to the throne. Moreover, according to legend, the birth of a boy was predicted by numerous court magicians, healers and healers. But in May 1592, the queen gave birth to a girl. Rumors circulated among the people that Princess Theodosia, as the parents named their daughter, was born exactly a year after the death of Dmitry - on May 25, and the royal family delayed the official announcement for almost a month. But this was not the worst sign: the girl lived only a few months, and died in the same year. And here they already began to talk about the curse of Dmitry. After the death of his daughter, the king changed; he finally lost interest in his royal duties, and spent months in monasteries. People said that Fedor was apologizing for his guilt before the murdered prince. In the winter of 1598, Fedor Ioannovich died without leaving an heir. The Rurik dynasty also died with him.

Great Famine

The death of the last sovereign from the Rurik dynasty opened the way to the kingdom of Boris Godunov, who was actually the ruler of the country while Fyodor Ioannovich was still alive. By that time, Godunov had gained a reputation among the people as the “murderer of the prince”, but this did not bother him much. Through cunning manipulation, he was nevertheless elected king, and almost immediately began with reforms. In two short years, he carried out more transformations in the country than previous kings in the entire 16th century. And when Godunov already seemed to have won people's love, a catastrophe struck - from unprecedented climatic cataclysms, the Great Famine came to Russia, which lasted for three whole years. The historian Karamzin wrote that people “like cattle plucked grass and ate it; the dead had hay in their mouths. Horse meat seemed like a delicacy: they ate dogs, cats, bitches, all kinds of uncleanness. People became worse than beasts: they left families and wives so as not to share the last piece with them. They not only robbed and killed for a loaf of bread, but also devoured each other… Human meat was sold in pies in the markets! Mothers gnawed at the corpses of their babies!..” In Moscow alone, more than 120,000 people died of starvation; numerous gangs of robbers were operating throughout the country. Not a trace of the people's love for the elected tsar was born - the people again talked about the curse of Tsarevich Dmitry and the "cursed Boris".

End of the Godunov dynasty

1604 finally brought a good harvest. It seemed the troubles were over. It was the calm before the storm - in the fall of 1604, Godunov was informed that the army of Tsarevich Dmitry was moving from Poland to Moscow, miraculously escaping from the hands of Godunov's killers in Uglich back in 1591. The “worker”, as Boris Godunov was popularly called, probably realized that Dmitry’s curse was now embodied in an impostor. However, Tsar Boris was not destined to meet face to face with False Dmitry: he died suddenly in April 1605, a couple of months before the triumphant entry into Moscow of the “surviving Dmitry”. There were rumors that the desperate "cursed king" committed suicide - poisoned himself. But Dmitry's curse also extended to Godunov's son, Fyodor, who became king, who was strangled along with his own mother shortly before False Dmitry entered the Kremlin. It was said that this was one of the main conditions of the "prince" for a triumphant return to the capital.

The end of the people's trust

Until now, historians argue whether the "king was not real." However, we will probably never know. Now we can only talk about the fact that Dmitry did not manage to revive the Rurikoviches. And again, the end of spring became fatal: on May 27, a cunning conspiracy was staged in the boyars under the leadership of Vasily Shuisky, during which False Dmitry was killed. The people were told that the tsar, whom they had recently idolized, was an impostor, and they staged a public posthumous reproach. This absurd moment finally undermined the people's trust in the authorities. Simple people they did not believe the boyars and bitterly mourned Dmitry. Shortly after the assassination of the impostor, at the beginning of summer, terrible frosts hit, which destroyed all the crops. A rumor spread around Moscow about the curse that the boyars had brought to the Russian Land by killing the legitimate sovereign. The cemetery at the Serpukhov Gates of the capital, where the impostor was buried, became a place of pilgrimage for many Muscovites. There were many testimonies about the "appearances" of the resurrected tsar in different parts of Moscow, and some even claimed to have received a blessing from him. Frightened by popular unrest and a new cult of the martyr, the authorities dug up the corpse of the “thief”, loaded his ashes into a cannon and fired towards Poland. False Dmitry's wife Marina Mnishek recalled that when her husband's body was dragged through the Kremlin gates, the wind tore off the shields from the gates, and unharmed, in the same order, installed them in the middle of the roads.

Shuisky's end

Vasily Shuisky became the new tsar, a man who in 1598 introduced an investigation into the death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich. The man who concluded that the death of Dmitry Ioannovich was an accident, finished with False Dmitry and received royal power, suddenly admitted that the investigation in Uglich had evidence of the violent death of the prince and direct involvement in the murder of Boris Godunov. Saying this, Shuisky killed two birds with one stone: he discredited - even if already dead - his personal enemy Godunov, and at the same time proved that False Dmitry, who was killed during the conspiracy, was an impostor. Vasily Shuisky even decided to reinforce the latter with the help of the canonization of Tsarevich Dmitry. A special commission was sent to Uglich on the head of Metropolitan Filaret of Rostov, which opened the grave of the prince and allegedly found in the coffin the incorruptible body of a child that exuded fragrance. The relics were solemnly brought to the Kremlin's Archangel Cathedral: a rumor spread throughout Moscow that the boy's remains were miraculous, and the people went to St. Dmitry for healing. However, the cult did not last long: there were several cases of death from touching the relics. Rumors spread around the capital about false relics and about Dmitry's curse. The crayfish with the remains had to be removed from sight in the reliquary. And very soon several more Dmitriev Ioannovichs appeared in Russia, and the Shuisky dynasty, the Suzdal branch of the Rurikovichs, who for two centuries were the main rivals of the Danilovich branch for the Moscow throne, was interrupted by the first king. Vasily ended his life in Polish captivity: in the country towards which, on his orders, the ashes of False Dmitry I were once shot.

Last Curse

Trouble in Russia ended only in 1613 - with the establishment of a new Romanov dynasty. But did Dmitri's curse dry up along with this? The 300-year history of the dynasty suggests otherwise. Patriarch Filaret (in the world Fyodor Nikitich Romanov), the father of the first "Romanov" Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, was in the thick of "passions for Dmitry". In 1605, he, imprisoned by Boris Godunov in a monastery, was freed as a “relative” by False Dmitry I. After Shuisky’s accession, it was Filaret who brought the “miraculous relics” of the prince from Uglich to Moscow and planted the cult of St. Dmitry Uglitsky - in order to persuade Shuisky that False Dmitry, who once saved him, was an impostor. And then, standing up in opposition to Tsar Vasily, he became the “named patriarch” in the Tushino camp of False Dmitry II.

Filaret can be considered the first of the Romanov dynasty: under Tsar Mikhail, he bore the title of "Great Sovereign" and was actually the head of state. The reign of the Romanovs began with the Troubles and the Troubles ended. And the second time in Russian history royal dynasty interrupted by the assassination of the prince. There is a legend that Paul I closed the prediction of the elder Abel concerning the fate of the dynasty in a casket for a hundred years. It is possible that the name of Dmitry Ioannovich appeared there ....

The death of the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible, the young Tsarevich Dmitry, still leaves few people indifferent and causes controversy among historians. So it is not completely clear: how exactly the prince died, and whether he died at all on May 15, 1591. There is no unequivocal official version of the death of the prince. Each time, priority is given to the version that is convenient for the current government. Under the Romanovs, it was believed that the prince was killed on the orders of Godunov. At Soviet power adhered to the version of the prince's suicide as a result of an attack of epilepsy. And despite the fact that there are several deaths of the prince, even today there are more and more new readings of this event.

Versions of the death of Tsarevich Dmitry

On a clear afternoon on May 15, 1591, Tsarevich Dmitry died in Uglich. It was the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible, the last of the Ruriks. And for more than 400 years, disputes about the death of a child have not ceased, versions have been put forward and new mysteries have arisen.

Prehistory of the death of the prince

Dmitry was born to Maria Nagoya, the fifth wife of Ivan the Terrible. According to church canons, he was considered illegitimate, since the Orthodox Church recognizes only three marriages as legal. In addition to the young Dmitry, of the children of Tsar John, only Fedor survived, who was in poor health and mind. Fedor not only could not manage the state, he could not even manage his own life on his own. Therefore, even during his lifetime, Ivan the Terrible appointed Fyodor's brother-in-law Boris Godunov as something like a regent for the feeble-minded Tsarevich Fyodor. The king took care of his younger son, giving him the inheritance of the Uglich principality. There, in Uglich, the whole family was sent former queen together with the young Tsarevich Dmitry after the death of Ivan the Terrible. The clerk Mikhail Bityagovsky and several other service people were entrusted to look after the family. The country was actually ruled by Boris Godunov. Fedor was a decorative figure.

Events May 15, 1591 in Uglich

In May 1591, Tsarevich Dmitry was in his ninth year. The events of Saturday May 15 unfolded as follows. Maria Nagaya went to church for Mass. She took her son with her. When she returned, she went to the palace for dinner, and let her son go to play with the yard boys in the courtyard. The tsarevich was to be looked after by the nurse Arina Tuchkova, the nanny Vasilisa Volokhova and the bed-keeper Maria Kolobova. The boys were playing with knives. The prince did not have a flat knife, but a pile - a type of stylet designed for stabbing. Suddenly there was a commotion among the boys. Arina Tuchkova, who ran up, saw the prince lying dead with a wound on his neck. The boy died in her arms. The eldest of the boys, Petrushka Kolobov, ran to the palace to inform the queen. Maria Nagaya, jumping out into the yard, in a frenzy began to beat the nanny Volokhova on the head with a log and shout that her son Osip Volokhov had killed the prince. After that, the queen ordered to sound the alarm. The townspeople fled to the palace. The deacon Bityagovsky and Osip Volokhov also came along with the others. Maria Nagaya shouted that Osip Volokhov had killed the prince. The crowd became agitated and tried to arrange lynching. Dyak Bityagovsky and other people who tried to calm the excited crowd were killed. They also killed Osip Volokhov, who had hidden in the church, where the body of the prince had already been transferred. A total of 15 people were killed that day.

Consequence

Godunov has collected his own commission. She arrived in Uglich on May 19th. Given the speed of that time, we can say that this happened immediately. The commission was headed by Vasily Shuisky, one of Godunov's main opponents. Members of the commission were also Kleshnin - the okolnichiy, duma clerk Vyluzgin, from the church - Metropolitan Gelvasia. The composition of the commission was chosen very competently. All its members had different political preferences, and there could be no collusion between them. The investigation was carried out very carefully. Hundreds of witnesses were interviewed. Interrogations were conducted publicly in the courtyard of the Uglich Kremlin. Everyone who wished to attend the meeting of the commission could attend. Falsification or pressure on witnesses were absolutely excluded. The main witnesses were the boys, the tsarevich's comrades from his last game, as well as the nanny Volokhova, the nurse Tuchkova and the bed-maker Kolobov. On the basis of their testimony, the commission concluded that the death of Tsarevich Dmitry had occurred as a result of an accident. All the main witnesses testified that during the game Dmitry had an attack of epilepsy, from which he had long suffered and which, in recent times he was particularly tormented. The prince fell to the ground, and either during the fall, or already on the ground during convulsions, he himself ran into a knife.

In 1591, all of Russia accepted this version. The Nagy family was punished for inciting the mob. Tsarina Maria Nagaya was tonsured a nun and sent to Beloozero. The Nagy brothers, Mikhail, Andrei and Grigory, are imprisoned. Many Uglichs were sent to settle in Siberia for the massacre of the sovereign's people. A bell was also sent there, which called the Uglichians to the gathering. The tongue of the bell was previously torn out.

Using the death of Tsarevich Dmitry against Godunov

And life in Russia went on as usual. But then, in 1598, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich died. On it, the Rurik dynasty was cut short. And the Zemsky Sobor elected Boris Godunov as Tsar. The party of Godunov's opponents immediately became more active. As a regent for an ailing sovereign, they could still tolerate him, but his election to the kingdom caused them a sharp rejection. Godunov was "thin"; He came from an ignorant small estate nobles, and the boyars considered him an upstart. In addition, they did not like Godunov's policy, which was generally correct from the point of view of the development of the state, but infringing on their personal interests. Then rumors spread that Tsarevich Dmitry was killed on behalf of Godunov. And then False Dmitry showed up in Poland. Thus, several versions of the death of Tsarevich Dmitry arose.

Versions of the death of Tsarevich Dmitry

1. The prince committed suicide.
2. The prince was killed on the instructions of Godunov.
3. The prince was replaced and thus saved from death.

Let's consider each version in more detail. Let's weigh the pros and cons.

1. The suicide of the prince as a result of an accident.

This version is supported by the results of a scrupulous and impartial investigation. But this also has its “buts” ... Firstly, the statistics of deaths during epileptic seizures do not know cases when the patient would die as a result of injuries inflicted on himself by himself. Immediately after the onset of an epileptic attack, the patient is unable to hold something in his hands. In the case of Dmitry, the knife should have slipped out of his hands immediately. In order for the prince to cut his throat on a knife, the knife had to be stuck into the ground with a handle.

The carelessness of the queen and the nannies, who allow a child with epilepsy to play with knives, is also striking. Indeed, according to their own stories, during an attack, he had already cut his mother with this pile. It seems that the last fools that were found in the Muscovite state were recruited to look after the prince.

It also casts doubt on the fact that Vasily Shuisky, having ascended the throne, announced that the conclusion he had made about the suicide of the tsarevich was incorrect, and that the tsarevich was killed on the instructions of Godunov. The church even declared Tsarevich Dmitry a holy martyr. His relics were transferred to the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

1. Godunov "ordered" the assassination of the prince.

According to the law of the detective genre, you should always watch "who benefits." Only Godunov benefits from the death of the heir to the throne. But even here there are nuances. Godunov was an intelligent man and understood that he was in power only thanks to Fyodor Ioannovich. So he kept it like the apple of his eye. He also understood that his opponents would use Dmitry's death against him. Godunov's position was very precarious, so that he allowed himself to encroach on the heir to the throne. In addition, despite the fact that Godunov once served as an oprichnik and was the son-in-law of Malyuta Skuratov, he did not differ in bloodthirstiness. In all the years that he was in power, there was not a single execution for political reasons. In the worst case, Godunov sent his opponents into exile or tonsured monks. And the murder of a child somehow does not fit into his reputation as a sane ruler.

Nevertheless, in Russia Godunov was considered a usurper of power, and the version of the murder of Tsarevich Dmitry by order of Godunov was very popular. Later this version was supported by the Romanovs. This version is also considered official by the church. Karamzin in "The History of the Russian State" also adheres to this version. Following Karamzin, Pushkin writes the tragedy Boris Godunov, where Godunov is also guilty of the death of Tsarevich Dmitry. And then, based on the tragedy "Boris Godunov", Modest Mussorgsky wrote the opera "Boris Godunov". And now, in the minds of every Russian person, Boris Godunov is associated with the death of Tsarevich Dmitry ..

1. The substitution of the prince and his miraculous salvation.

This should be the subject of a separate article.

To be continued...

The murder of the heir of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarevich Dmitry, is shrouded in many rumors, conjectures and legends.

A tangled history led to the emergence a large number impostors posing as the deceased heir.

The most famous of them were False Dmitry I and False Dmitry II. Until now, there are supporters of the point of view that the first impostor was indeed the son of the king miraculously saved.

Dmitry Uglitsky biography

Tsarevich Dmitry was born in October 1582. He was the son of Ivan the Terrible by his last wife Maria Nagoya. When the heir was only a year and a half, his father died. Most of the boyars decided to enthrone Dmitry's feeble-minded brother, Fyodor. Maria Naguya and her baby were sent to Uglich.

The chroniclers report that the young Dmitry strongly resembled Ivan the Terrible in character. From an early age, he showed a tendency to cruelty. Dmitry, just like his father in childhood, hated the most influential boyars. It was they who deprived him of the throne, preferring the stupid Fedor.

One day the boy ordered to make figures out of snow. He gave each one the name of an influential boyar (including Godunov) and began to cut off their heads, exclaiming: "This is what will happen when I begin to reign." If this story is reliable, then the revenge of Boris Godunov is a completely possible cause of the death of the prince.

Cause of death

The mysterious death of the prince on May 15, 1591 was investigated by a special high commission headed by Prince Vasily Shuisky. Tsarevich Dmitry suffered from "epilepsy", that is, epilepsy. The conclusion of the commission read: during the game of "poking" the boy suffered another attack of the disease. During a seizure, he fell and accidentally cut his carotid artery or jugular vein with a knife.

The commission interrogated 140 witnesses. Direct eyewitnesses were three nannies and four children who constantly played with the prince. The main culprit called herself the nurse Arina Tuchkova. She claimed that she should have predicted the attack and took the knife from the boy. The conclusions of the commission look rather dubious, and the testimonies of witnesses are surprisingly monotonous. The materials of the investigation do not even contain the testimony of Dmitry's mother, Maria Nagoya.

More plausible is the version of a contract killing. Tsarevich Dmitry was a real threat to Boris Godunov. Many contemporaries were sure that it was he who organized the death of the heir. In Uglich, Maria and the prince were under the vigilant supervision of Godunov's representative, clerk M. Bityagovsky.

When Nagaya saw her dead son, she, pointing to Bityagovsky, began to shout: "He, he is a murderer!" The clerk tried to hide, but Maria's brothers Mikhail and Gregory, at the head of an angry mob, broke into his house. Bityagovsky, along with his son Danila and his closest supporters, were killed.

The investigation into the death of Tsarevich Dmitry turned ... into a process against the Nagikh family. They were accused of killing a government official and inciting a riot. Maria was exiled to the St. Nicholas Monastery, and her brothers were thrown into prison. The English diplomat J. Horsey, who was living in Russia at that time, writes about this event as follows: "the young prince ... was cruelly and treacherously killed; his throat was cut."

Effects

Dmitry's death had great value. The feeble-minded Fyodor was a nominal ruler. In addition, he had no heirs. All the affairs of the state had long been managed by Boris Godunov. The death of Dmitry actually meant the suppression of the Rurik dynasty. In 1598 cherished dream Godunov came true: he was elected Russian Tsar.

Results

The death of Dmitry Uglitsky is still a mystery. Nevertheless, one cannot but admit that it was beneficial to Boris Godunov. The version of an accidental injury looks implausible. Most likely, the prince was really killed on the orders of the future Russian tsar.

Dmitry Ivanovich was canonized in 1606, the relics of the prince were transferred to Moscow to the Archangel Cathedral of the Kremlin from Uglich.

Tsarevich and Prince of Uglitsky Dmitry Ivanovich(direct name, by birthday - Uar) was born on October 29, 1582, died at the age of 8 on May 15, 1591 under mysterious circumstances.
The theme of the death of the tsarevich as a prologue to the Time of Troubles and as a harbinger of great troubles echoed in the 20th century, when the children of the abdicated Tsar Nicholas II, including Tsarevich Alexei, were killed in Yekaterinburg.

The two-year-old son of the deceased Tsar Ivan the Terrible, Dimitri, was sent to Uglich from Moscow in the spring of 1584. He arrived here with his mother, Ivan's last wife Maria Naga. From the age of six, Dimitri felt like a future sovereign, the boy was distinguished by a paternal trait - cruelty and unbridled character, besides, he was a terminally ill child, with a torn psyche ...

The death of the prince is one of the key events in the mental history of Russia. Various meanings and ideas gather around it, generalized in the 19th century by Dostoevsky in the fatal question of a child's tear as an impossible, unacceptable price for world harmony. The death of Demetrius is rhymed in the popular consciousness with the passion-bearing of the holy princes Boris and Gleb, who likened themselves to Jesus Christ by the meek acceptance of violence and death.

One of the aspects of the situation that attracted particular attention is connected with the assumption that the prince was villainously stabbed to death by people sent by the then pretender to Russian throne Boris Godunov. "Bloody boys in the eyes" haunt Tsar Boris in the tragedy of Alexander Pushkin. For writers, when comprehending this story, the main theme is the drama of an unclean conscience. For the historian Nikolai Karamzin - the theme of retribution overtaking Boris, despite all his skills and talents. The people refuse to love Boris, Boris is unable to create a dynasty.

To this day, it is not known whether it was suicide during a careless game with a knife - or Boris Godunov organized the murder of the rival prince. Prosaically thinking historians most often find no reason to talk about Boris's guilt.
There is a "Search" - an investigative case of the commission of Prince Vasily Shuisky, who arrived in the city. The commission established the circumstances of the disaster: the prince played with his peers under the supervision of his mother, nurse and bed keeper. The boys played with a knife in a poke: it was necessary to hit a circle outlined on the ground with a knife. It was time to throw the knife at Dimitri. Then "... and a disease came upon him - an epilepsy - and attacked the knife." The tsarevich really suffered from a "black ailment", "falling sickness" - severe epilepsy, accompanied by sudden onset of frequent long-term seizures. The last attack before his death continued with Dimitri continuously for two days. He bit the hands of mothers and nannies, who were trying to keep the boy's body arching in convulsions.

After the perfect villainy, the murderers of the prince fled, but were stopped by the unexpected ringing of the sexton. Hearing the alarm, the murderers made a futile attempt to knock out the door leading to the high bell tower in order to get rid of a witness to their crime.

The manuscript was created in Uglich or in the Uglich region not earlier than 1784-1786. The icon-painting original indicates how the prince-passion-bearer should be depicted: “And Dimitri Tsarevich of Moscow, young, in the royal crown, in purple, hands praying ...”
The sources of the text were the “Milyutinskaya” edition of the Life of the Tsarevich, the New Chronicler, the Russian Chronograph of the third edition, the Legend of the Kingdom of Feodor Ioannovich, Another Legend (which is based on “The Tale of How the All-Seeing Eye of Christ Takes Revenge on Boris Godunov by the Shedding of the Innocent Blood of the New Passion-Bearer, the Blessed Tsarevich Dmitry Uglicheskogo »beginning of the 17th century, created in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra)

Shuisky's commission of inquiry came to the conclusion that the death of the prince was the result of God's judgment. First, several townspeople accused of the death of the boy were killed without trial or investigation - Danila Bityagovsky, Nikita Kachalov, Osip Volokhov. Tsarina Mary was tonsured a nun. She was exiled to a monastery on Vyksa. Her relatives, Nagye, were sent to prisons. Other rebels were executed, and many were exiled to Siberia, to the town of Pelym.
An alarm bell from one of the Uglich bell towers was sent to Siberian Tobolsk, accompanied by guards, which announced the death of the prince and called people to revolt. Before exile, the bell was whipped, stripped of its tongue and ear. In Tobolsk, the bell was listed as "the first exiled inanimate from Uglich." Returned the bell to hometown in 1892.

The monument to the historical drama in Uglich is the Church of Demetrius-on-the-Blood at the site of the death of the prince. It was built in 1692 in the Uglich Kremlin, on the high right bank of the Volga.

On the inner western wall of the temple there is a huge pictorial composition of the 18th century “The Murder of Tsarevich Dimitri”, the very name of which determines the interpretation of ancient events.

Orthodox icons dedicated to the tragedy

Usually, the royal lad-martyr is represented in miniatures and icons in the royal crown, barm and fur coat, with a cross or a knife in right hand, in scarlet morocco boots. The prince is depicted in full height against the backdrop of the panorama of the city of Uglich and scenes from the Life.

Tsarevich Dimitri with scenes from his life. Icon. 18 century. State Historical Museum, Moscow

Tsarevich Dimitri. Central Russia. XVII- early 18th century. Pereslavl-Zalessky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve

Dimitri Tsarevich, with scenes of murder. XIX century. State United Vladimir-Suzdal Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve

Tsarevich Dimitri Ioannovich. Copy from the "Titular" of the XVII century

Blessed Tsarevich Dimitry of Uglich and Moscow. 1607. Moscow. Renovations of the 19th century Old Believer icon. From the Vladychny Monastery in Serpukhov
The icon was a contribution to the Vladychny Monastery of Tsar Vasily Shuisky and was a temple icon of the Vvedensky Cathedral of the monastery. On the plate in the middle of the icon is an inscription outlining the history of the icon's contribution to the monastery.

Saints of Uglich (from left to right: Ignatius of Prilutsky Cassian of Uchemsky Paisius of Uglich St. Tsarevich Dimitry and Prince Roman of Uglich). Icon. Moscow. Late XVIII in.

Tsarevich Dimitri with his life. 1745 State Museum of the History of Religion, St. Petersburg

XVII century Solvychegodsk History and Art Museum

Sewing XVII century State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve "Moscow Kremlin"

Tomb in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin

In 1630, by order of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, a silver shrine was created for the relics of St. Tsarevich Dmitry. The order was carried out by a group of craftsmen led by Gavrila Evdokimov. The old wooden shrine was sent to Uglich at the request of its inhabitants. The lid of the new shrine was decorated with a relief figure of the prince in full dress. In the 1630s, a white-stone carved canopy was erected over the shrine, installed at the southeastern pillar of the cathedral.
In 1812, during the capture of the Kremlin by Napoleon's troops, the silver shrine disappeared, and the believers hid the lid. It has survived to this day and is exhibited in the halls of the Armory. The relics of the prince were also hidden by pious Muscovites and were not defiled. A new shrine was built in 1813 through the efforts of the Moscow Metropolitan Augustine. It is this cancer that is located in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin today.

In the 30s. 17th century above the shrine of Tsarevich Dmitry, a carved white-stone canopy topped with a wooden barrel-shaped covering was installed. The semicircular arch, resting on two columns decorated with floral ornaments, is framed by a carved inscription telling about the time when the canopy was built. Between the columns on the bottom there is a cast openwork bronze lattice. Its ornament includes vines and figurines of unicorns, which served as a symbol of the Rurik dynasty. Such lattices once protected all princely tombstones. They were removed in 1911, and one of them, subjected to oxidation and some alterations, was installed at the relics of St. Tsarevich Dmitry.

Tsarevich Dimitri. 1808. Art.G.I.Burenin. List from the temple icon of the beginning. 17th century Uglich Historical and Art Museum.

http://www.gazetauglich.ru/save.php?article_id=159...03f4109bee6785962ec70d607a6e7e
http://pereformat.ru/2012/05/zhitie-dimitriya/
http://moskva.dljatebja.ru/Moskovskij_Kreml"/Usypal"nica_2.html