People with this type of personality are not uncommon. Among them there are geniuses who are the driving force behind the development of civilization, and types who are completely fenced off from the world (a form of schizophrenia).

We will leave psychiatric patients outside the scope of this article, and give information about healthy people. We will also talk a little about the borderline state between the norm and pathology, that is, about a personality disorder of the schizoid type.

What is it

Main psychological characteristic such a person is complete or partial isolation from the real world, closing in on himself and underdevelopment of the emotional sphere.

Experiences and feelings of people of this type are multifaceted. There are too many of them, they overwhelm a person, but he does not let them out and does not show emotions. Usually people with such an organization of the psyche are convinced that they are completely free from the conventions and traditions of society.

They try to isolate themselves from society and are arrogant towards others. Their usual position is “no one orders me”, “I myself am God and the master of life”, etc.

People of this type are poor comforters and not sensitive listeners. It is difficult for them to sympathize with others or be happy for someone.

Often, epithets are used for a person with such an organization of personality: eccentric, strange, withdrawn.

Causes

Often the reason for the formation of a personality according to the schizoid type is mental trauma (a threat to the danger of life or a loss of a sense of security) received at different stages of development.

In the intrauterine period

1. Example (A). The mother of the child, his father and other relatives want to terminate the pregnancy, that is, they want this child not to be born. The energy of anger and rejection comes from them. And the fetus perceives these energy flows that affect him negatively. As a result, blockages appear that interrupt the interconnection of organs.
2. Example (B). The mother is not going to deprive the child of life, but is constantly in a stressful situation (moral and physical violence in the family). This also threatens the life of the fetus, and he, trying to save it, calms down and hides. Figuratively speaking, he splits himself into pieces. All of the above is a prerequisite for the negative feelings that a born toddler begins to experience for others.

Immediately after childbirth

If a newborn is immediately taken away from the mother, then he may perceive this as a threat to life - he was left alone in an unfamiliar world, abandoned.

With the wrong upbringing in the family

Conclusion: the alienation of parents or guardians from the child, as well as the unceremonious imposition of one's opinion often contributes to the fact that the personality begins to develop along the "schizoid" path.

After all, adults are obliged not only to formally take care of their sons or daughters, but also to communicate with them, giving affection and warmth, instill in children a sense of confidence and security, and try to understand them.

A child who does not have virtues and friends in the person of his parents begins to look for such a patron and intercessor within himself. Thus he protects individuality so that it is not swallowed up and crushed.

Stages of formation

PRESCHOOL YEARS

First features schizoid character can be seen in a child already at preschool age (at 3 or 4 years).

SCHOOL YEARS

In school years, such a child does not change much. He does not try to establish contact with classmates and make friends. The child's self-esteem is high and the opinions of those around him are of little concern.

Most often, he likes purely intellectual communication, the exchange of information, without any emotions. Quite often, such students discover extraordinary abilities for mathematics or literary writing.

Sometimes it seems that the child knows a lot. Only one thing he can not do - the language of human relationships.

The child himself, of course, notices that it is difficult for him to establish contacts with other children. Therefore, he does not seek to walk.

A child with such an organization of personality is completely unemotional and does not show violent joy, sadness or anger. Communicating with him, it is difficult to understand how he perceives your impact on him. Parents often experience childhood coldness (unless they themselves are of the schizoid type).

Such children do not like to kiss and hug their parents and do not tolerate such caresses in relation to themselves (it is unpleasant for them).

Non-standard character traits of schizoid personalities and their inability to communicate with peers often provoke conflicts with classmates. Usually, these eccentrics are destined for the position of outcasts.

Such children do not know how to defend themselves and manipulate others. The role of the leader for him will be alien and little understood in the future.

TEENAGE YEARS

This is the most difficult period for closed children. Intellectual superiority over classmates is good. Constant rejection by peers and the inability to establish relationships with them is bad.

A teenager's self-esteem begins to change constantly. It can rise to megalomania or plummet down when the child feels worthless and engages in self-flagellation.

Parents' attempts to interfere inner world sometimes met with violent protest.

A schizoid teenager will be annoyed by many things:

• The parents entered the room and did not knock.
• They touched his things.
• Control learning.
• Interested in his life.

Very often, loneliness does not bother teenagers with this type of personality, but their isolation and constant isolation from their peers attracts attention.
Sports activities are not alien to such children. But, they will prefer not team sports, but single sports.

What to do and how to treat a closed child

Schizoid personality type

Peculiarities

Adult individuals already have an established character. It is full of contradictions. And to understand their inner world is almost impossible. What worries such a person, what feelings overwhelm him, what hurts him a lot?

It is difficult to say, because outwardly he looks mentally indifferent and cold. It is extremely difficult to understand and imagine how the schizoid type perceives the world.

A minor detail, which most people will not pay attention to, is very significant for him. And, on the contrary, very important facts will have no meaning for him.

Behavior

The person is ambivalent about himself. He is aware of his high intellectual potential. This instills in him feelings of pride and superiority, and sometimes contempt for others.

However, a complete misunderstanding social relations, in which other people are involved, greatly reduces the self-esteem of schizoids.

Their behavior is characterized by the following features:

• Inability to behave even in the simplest situations.
• If a person almost openly shows their dislike, it is difficult for them to assess and understand the situation.
• Their intuition is undeveloped and they cannot resist intrigues and ill-wishers. And if they are treated with sympathy and love, this also goes unnoticed until they are told about it directly and openly.

The art of communication for people with a schizoid character is a Chinese literacy that they cannot master.

Their antipathy to communication manifests itself in a variety of ways: from timidity and shyness to rude irony and cruelty (if only they would leave them alone as soon as possible). Mutually exclusive traits coexist in a person: stubbornness with pliability, coldness and indifference with vulnerability.

They are characterized by love at first sight. However, in family life they are characterized by everyday unsuitability and indifference to small children, adultery. They are difficult partners.

An ideal partner for a schizoid is one who will constantly clean up after him, free him from everyday worries: paying bills, planning a budget, raising children.

Appearance

People of the schizoid type are perceived by others as eccentrics and eccentrics.

Their behavior, gait, facial expressions, mannerisms, feelings - everything looks bizarre:

Negative Traits

1. Excessive closure.
2. Inability to empathize and care for others (selfishness).
3. Displayed arrogance.
4. Idealization of your ideas and desires.
5. Inability to compromise.
6. Thirst for personal freedom, but the denial of it to their loved ones.
7. Overestimated suspicion.
8. Tendency to drug addiction and alcoholism.

Positive features

1. Curiosity, erudition, high intellectual potential.
2. A rich inner world, in which there are many ideas and fantasies.
3. Perseverance in solving complex problems.
4. permanent preferences.
5. Respect for the boundaries of someone else's personal space.
6. Commitment to the put forward idea and perseverance in the implementation of the planned project.

fears

• On a subconscious level, it seems to the schizoid that he will be denied the opportunity to exist, that he will be destroyed, absorbed.
• A feeling of anxiety and a feeling that everyone and everywhere is a stranger.
• These negative emotions can give rise to feelings of anger, and stress can trigger a personality disorder.

Signs of a disorder

Psychoanalysts consider such a disorder as a borderline state between the schizoid personality type and schizophrenia. This disorder is not classified as a psychotic level (the individual distinguishes between the imaginary world and the real one).

It is believed that with a schizoid disorder, it is common for a person to go into a fantasy world and thus protect himself from the outside world. And characteristics personalities remain intact.

General criteria for a personality disorder:

It is difficult to meet a person with an absolutely “pure” type of character. As a rule, mixed types are more common. For example, schizoid-hysterical personality type.

In this case, some features characteristic of hysteroids will be added to the pronounced features:

• suggestibility,
• inadequate demonstration of one's sexuality in behavior and appearance,
• ostentatious character,
• excessive preoccupation with their attractiveness.

If a person has a paranoid-schizoid personality type, then the features characteristic of paranoid types will be added:

• Constant suspicion and distrust.
• The tendency to shift responsibility from oneself to others.
• Contempt for everything weak and flawed.
• Increased sensitivity to failure and rejection.
• Overestimation of self-importance.

Professions

Schizoids can engage in various activities that do not involve intense communication. They are found among doctors, scientists, poets, philosophers, as well as eccentric collectors and vagabonds who do not consider life's values.

Examples from history

People with this character often achieve in professional activity unprecedented success due to their intelligence and focus on the tasks that they set for themselves. There are many historical confirmations of this.

Artists Van Gogh and Salvador Dali. Philosophers Kant and Hegel. Scientists A. Einstein, Mendeleev, Newton. Composers Bach and Beethoven. Poet B. Pasternak. Psychoanalyst Z. Freud.

Treatment

People with schizoid disorder rarely seek medical help. And those who nevertheless decided to come to the doctor are afraid of a conversation. After all, I don’t really want to open my inner world to an outsider.

However, there is nothing to fear. A qualified specialist will never put pressure on you. He is clearly aware that without demand it is impossible to invade the personal space and individual thoughts of a person. Communicating with an experienced doctor, people achieve a tangible improvement in their condition.

Medications. There are no specific drugs for the treatment of such disorders. However, a doctor may recommend medications to relieve the symptoms of anxiety and depression associated with the disorder.

Psychotherapy. Apply cognitive behavioral therapy. It is she who helps the patient to change their behavior and beliefs that caused the problem. By resorting to such therapy, a person is taught adequate ways to respond to various situations, they help to cope with the anxiety that appears when it is necessary to communicate with people.

group therapy. Treatment is most effective in psychotherapeutic groups. Group sessions support the patient and increase social motivation.

For those who realize that their character is close to the schizoid type, psychotherapists recommend:

• Learn to show positive emotions.
• Pay attention to the style of communication with loved ones and relatives.
• Remember that moderate restraint is perceived by people positively, but its excessive manifestation is perceived as detachment.
• If you feel that it is difficult to cope with the problem yourself, then do not be afraid to seek help from specialists.

Video: Schizoid type

Schizoid type personality accentuation has the most vivid and ambiguous manifestations. On the one hand, these people are endowed with superpowers, on the other hand, they are doomed to loneliness and constant opposition to themselves. This is due to the borderline. The psychotype has a fine line between the norm and pathology. Any stress or strong psycho-emotional shock can lead to the development of schizophrenia, which is not so easy to cure. True schizoids are difficult to come into contact and are perceived by others ambiguously. Determining the prerequisites for the development of this accentuation in early childhood can be corrected with the help of certain educational behavior, which solves many problems in adulthood.

Schizoid personality type - definition in psychology

A description of this type of accentuation is found in the classifications of Lichko and Leonhard. The schizoid personality type in psychology implies partial or complete detachment from the real world and obsession with one's own person, as a result of which the development of the spiritual component is inhibited. The rejection of public opinion and complete detachment from stereotypical thinking does not allow them to splash out emotions and express frankly own opinion. A multifaceted thought process is constantly carried out in the head, but it is not possible to speak openly about it. All actions and deeds are aimed at alienating from social environment. Due to arrogance and cynicism, such people keep themselves apart. Others consider schizoids to be strange eccentrics or overly closed individuals who are on their own minds.

Schizoid in its development necessarily has a provoking factor at an early stage of a child's development. Severe stress, the loss of a loved one, oppression from adults, and much more can affect the formation of a person. Psychologists say that the reason is even the threat of abortion or the constant stress of the mother at the time of gestation. Even at this intuitive level, the foundations for schizophrenic tendencies are already being laid.

The child receives the main development of schizoid manifestations in the preschool period. As a rule, this is insufficient attention, lack of care and affection from parents. Overprotection and excessive obsession is also one of the reasons for development, because the child constantly has a desire to isolate himself from the parent and make independent decisions. The most common factor is dysfunctional families, where parents often conflict or unreasonably lash out at their children. With such a development of events, the child is left to himself, and despite his own fear, he is forced to establish relationships in the family. A long stay in conditions of stress and uncertainty makes him focus on himself and his own problems, open communication and socialization have no place in his life.

It is important for every child to feel safe and under the care of adults, otherwise he begins to look for the strength to resist outside world, thereby building barriers and closing off from it. The lack of confidence in one's own safety provokes the development of a personality according to the schizoid type.

Age features

The development of the schizoid type of accentuation goes through several stages of formation. By identifying the prerequisites for each of them, you can prevent further development:

• Early childhood. The first alarming symptoms are determined in the behavior of the baby as early as 3-5 years. Usually such children do not cause discomfort to their parents and seem to be quite independent. They can play alone for hours, painstakingly sorting through toys. Adults are of no particular value to them. Characterized by early development, showing interest in adult conversations and even reading books. Among their peers, they are little geniuses.
• Childhood. At school, the teacher may note the child's arrogance towards classmates. There is a constant contradiction to the opinions of others, everything has its own vision, but the child is silent about this. High curiosity and a relentless desire to develop are reflected in high academic performance. Self-conceit is so great that for a person there are no authorities. Criticism from the teacher is not perceived in any way, he still does everything at his own discretion. Of all forms of communication, he recognizes only productive, aimed at the exchange of knowledge, while there are no emotions, only a dry perception of information and skepticism. Emotional coldness is very easy to determine, the child does not experience either joy or anger. It is difficult for adults to understand what is in the thoughts of the child at the moment. A special psychotype test will confirm the presence of the disorder.
• teenage period. At this age, the final formation of personality takes place and much depends on the environment. If peers react sharply to a schizoid, then he closes in on himself even more. Intellectual abilities distinguish him from the background of students with poor academic performance, but detachment makes it difficult to get in touch with them and develop in a social environment. In this regard, there is a constant change in self-esteem, from overestimated to inadequately low with elements of self-flagellation. The desire of parents to intervene and understand the causes of such differences is doomed to failure. On his part, one can observe a protest against any invasion of privacy.

The non-standard of schizoid behavior and the unwillingness to communicate in a team with its other representatives is often perceived as a deviation. Such people become outcasts, watching from the outside what is happening in society, but they are only happy about this, because the existing arrogance does not allow them to fall on the same level with the rest.

In raising children with the makings of a schizoid, more attention should be paid to care and affection. One of the key values ​​is communication. Adults are required to be able to carry on a conversation in intellectual theme. It is not worth doing socialization and imposing communication with someone, you need to unobtrusively help to find friends according to interests. Violence and cruelty should not be present in education, on the contrary, every wrong deed and illegal action must be analyzed in an adult quality language and try to convey the essence of the mistake. A child with a genuine interest in intellectual development would gladly accept a book as a gift. The task of the mentor is to choose the right instructive literature that broadens one's horizons and encourages harmonious relations with the public.

Types

Schizoid accentuation includes two types of personality development. The sensitive type assumes hostility of someone else's opinion, any criticism causes painful internal sensations. Contacts with other people, even in the same social group, can lead to lack of appetite and the development of persistent depression. Such people do not recognize reality and spend most of their time in a fictional world where everyone exists according to their laws and there is no place for aggression and other negative qualities. The individual tries to completely block any manifestation of violent emotions around him. To those around him, he looks like a completely detached person.

The expansive type of schizoid is cold-blooded and indifferent to the outside world. Such people are characterized by decisiveness, confidence in their own actions, excessive arrogance and fearlessness before any confrontation. The opinion and criticism of other people for them has absolutely no meaning, it is perceived as empty words, not noteworthy. This type has a finer line with the pathological condition, because they often show aggression and eccentricity towards others. Protecting your own interests is paranoid. This type also provides for the presence of a fictional world, but they clearly see the edges and still prefer to live within the realm.

signs

The formed schizoid personality type is based on many conflicting views. To understand such people for others is not possible. No one knows what exactly causes emotions in a schizoid, what upsets him, and what can please him. Everything that happens around is perceived as a fact and does not cause manifestations of character traits. Each specific schizoid perceives the world around him under his own prism. Sometimes even experienced psychotherapists can only guess by general signs what is in the patient's head. Deep inner peace is combined with indifference to reality.

Schizoid presupposes one's own perception of reality. Insignificant, unnoticeable trifles can cause genuine interest on his part, at the same time, socially significant and global events go unnoticed. His own awareness of his uniqueness and intellectual development elevates his person to several levels above those around him, he treats them with contempt. High self-esteem is often reduced due to the inability to build interpersonal contacts. Even if he is interested in a conversation, he cannot build a dialogue and keep up the conversation.

The most banal social problems subjected to a stupor. The schizoid cannot adequately respond to aggression from the opponent, because outright hostility upsets the balance of his personality. Along with low socialization, intuitive abilities also suffer. It is extremely difficult for them to identify the attacker and intriguer. They do not see hints and do not distinguish the true reasons for certain actions. A girl with a similar type of accent, receiving regular attentions from young man, on their own will never guess that he expresses sympathy. Ultimately, he will need to be open about his feelings.

In family life, the schizoid personality type remains indifferent to everyday affairs. Sloppiness in home improvement, indifference to the chosen wallpaper and complete lack of initiative in maintaining cleanliness and order are explained by women's household ineptitude. They don't do it on purpose, it just doesn't matter to their personality. Even if you have to do repairs yourself, it will be a functional and practical interior with a mandatory workplace or a separate corner for privacy. Men are inherent in love at first sight and a tendency to cheat. Young children cause alienation, usually in such families they take on a personality type and project the behavioral characteristics of their parents in their lives.

It is possible to distinguish a schizoid from a closed or unsociable person by external features. Movements and gestures have a pronounced angularity and unnaturalness, mannerisms are often observed. The physique is rather asthenic, posture disorders are pronounced, for example, stoop. In the process of communication, you can notice how the shoulders are drawn in and lifted towards the head. They avoid direct looks, so they often keep their heads down to the floor. There is no clear stylistic predisposition, the clothes look ridiculous.

High performance and the ability to clearly concentrate on the task at hand allow us to achieve unprecedented heights. There is no specific profession in which you can achieve the highest result, such geniuses were found among various forms of employment. Examples include such prominent personalities as the artists Van Gogh and Dali, the scientists Mendeleev, Einstein and Newton, as well as the musicians Beethoven and Bach.

Treatment

The schizoid type requires behavioral correction by the psychoanalyst. They rarely come to the sessions on their own, because they will need to communicate and open their inner world to a stranger. Experienced specialists know the approach, so they quickly bring the patient to the conversation. Maximum and fast results can be achieved with the help of cognitive behavioral therapy. After a short individual lessons, the schizoid begins to attend group groups, there are more chances for socialization. The patient is required to be as sincere as possible in relation to the specialist and unconditionally comply with all recommendations.

Advanced forms of schizophrenia require urgent treatment in a specialized institution of forced round-the-clock stay. Diseases are almost never completely cured, doctors only manage to achieve stable remission. During periods of exacerbation, patients are again admitted to the hospital for treatment. Special medications are not provided, but if necessary, antidepressants and some groups of drugs are prescribed to eliminate anxiety and associated phobic disorders.

A person who is aware that he has schizoid tendencies should strive to develop positive emotions in himself. It is better to start attempts to build social contacts with relatives and friends who will always support and help to cope with fears.

The schizoid personality type, as a rule, is expressed by introversion, which manifests itself in an enhanced mode. The individual creates an imaginary "dome of comfort", being in which gives peace and measured perception of the realities of life. Interpersonal relationships are usually poor or non-existent. There is a contrast of perception in relation to other people and animals, that is, a close attachment to representatives of the animal world and alienation in human relationships. Any sphere of life is associated with loneliness and unwillingness to change, compete, and ambitiously achieve something. Even the sexual aspect of life is expressed either in the complete absence of real sexual contact, or in the presence of a short-term relationship, but only in adulthood. This type of personality is not subject to fashion trends. In work, their choice falls on an unbearable, difficult activity, from which a common person would refuse.

Examples of "schizoids" among prominent figures

If we consider the statistical data on individuals with a schizoid personality type, which are found among the entire population in 7.5% of cases, then we can conclude that a significant proportion of mentally unstable people. Gender separation in identifying the frequency of manifestation of schizoid personalities is not particularly observed, but, according to some reports, the ratio tends to be 2: 1, where the preponderance will be on the side of men.

Surprisingly often among famous figures there are those who have a schizoid personality type. Examples? A lot of them. These are outstanding scientists - Albert Einstein, Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev, Isaac Newton, and famous philosophers - Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, and brilliant composers - Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, and the famous artist Salvador Dali, and many other.

The schizoid type of character is not always the prerequisite for the disease

Any person has inherent traits that determine the schizoid type of character. Thanks to them, the individual can manifest himself in the role of an innovator, a thinker or a person with creativity. The schizoid type of character, as the predominant trait of a person, can result in the fact that he will be more devoted to theory than to emotional aspects. real life. Average people do not always understand the hobbies of schizoid personalities, sometimes these hobbies even seem bizarre to them.

The main nuance of such behavior is the futility of theoretical ideas. Emotional satisfaction is achieved in the process of solving a problem, and not in its practical implementation. On the contrary, there is a conscious departure from transferring the idea to the commercial sphere. An interesting feature carries a schizoid personality type. She expresses her steadfastness about her popularity among the masses or the influence of money.

What is a schizoid in childhood?

Every parent worries about their child from the moment of his birth and, as they say, to gray hair. The schizoid personality type is subject to certain disorders. Treatment is more effective if the deviations appear at an early age, starting from 3-4 years. The child unconsciously withdraws from parental affection and prefers to engage in solitary activities alone. There is an interest in everything philosophical - these can be eternal questions about life and death, and about the emergence of everything that exists, etc.

How does the schizoid position himself in his youth?

At a later age, people with a schizoid personality type can observe a tendency to complex mathematical calculations, but at the same time, a complete inability to solve elementary problems in everyday life. The schizoid personality type, which manifests itself at an early age, usually leads to a progressive form of autism.

Concerning medical method treatment of the disorder, an ineffective result can be noted. According to statistics, schizoid individuals do not seek treatment for this disease, but are treated for other diseases, in particular, alcoholism. If, nevertheless, a schizoid personality type was diagnosed - what to do in this case, a specialist in the field of psychiatry will advise.

Psychotherapy as the main treatment for schizoids

An effective method of treating a patient with a schizoid personality type is psychotherapy, during which the doctor offers a list of standard emotions that the patient must get to know and try to survive. Role-playing games within the framework of social life can also be offered, the essence of which is to instill generally accepted social behavior that is acceptable in certain situations.

Causes of disorder in schizoids

A pronounced personality disorder of the schizoid type manifests itself in the first years of an individual's life. The period of development of this type of disorder is very long.

There is no genetic predisposition to schizoid disorder. Even, for example, at work, the patient can achieve significant success, but only in an isolated area. At the same time, others may not be aware of his illness.

Symptoms of schizoid disorder include:

1. Emotional indifference or mild emotion in relation to the events taking place around.
2. A constant state of isolation, thoughtfulness, seriousness and aloofness.
3. The almost complete absence of the need for interpersonal relationships.
4. No need to defend your opinion.
5. Recognition of the truth of information only if it comes from trusted sources, for example, is presented from the words of honored scientists.
6. Non-standard thought processes, especially in the analytical field.
7. Helplessness in everyday life.

The most important factor on the way to the relative stability of schizoid personalities throughout life is the correct choice of profession and periodic diagnostics by a psychotherapist.

The result of crossing two radical types

Along with the four dominant personality types, there are also smoothly flowing ones, namely:

I. Schizoid-hysterical personality type.

II. Hystero-schizoid personality type.

Despite the fact that these psychotypes come from the main categories, they are fundamentally different from them. It's on my own existing types personality.

The reason for the appearance of such a combination may be crossing different types the personalities of one and the second parent in their child, but only on the condition of clearly defined initial types that have equal force and do not drown out each other. Most often, in this combination, the schizoid type takes the primary position, and not the hysteroid type, because it is more stable.

Summarizing the above information, we can talk about the separation of the main and secondary types, but without completely suppressing the second. In particular, the individual's need for introversion, which is understood both as isolation, from the point of view of the schizoid, and as the presence of deep contact from the point of view of the need for society, is already a feature of the hysterical personality type.

If you are a schizoid, the test will definitely show it

R. Cattell's personality questionnaire, which is able to conduct both a quick diagnosis of a personality type and an in-depth study of it, has received extensive demand among psychologists. It will allow you to recognize, if any,
schizoid personality type. The test characterizes personality with 16 factors that allow predicting behavioral actions in projection on real world. This technique can be carried out both individually and in a group, capturing various areas applications: personnel, professionally oriented, consulting, etc.

What is the final result of diagnostics according to R. Cattell's method?

The methodology is represented by 105 professional questions. The questionnaire makes it possible to diagnose with high accuracy the individual traits of a particular person, which are called "constitutional factors", according to the method of R. Cattell. A prerequisite for diagnosing a patient is the limited time. The technique allows to identify emotional, intellectual, communicative properties, including the ability to self-regulate the diagnosed individual.

Thus, the psychologist receives the final result in the form of a psychographic personality profile.

This professional program is used in the work of various specialists: psychologists, teachers, doctors, personnel specialists, psychotherapists.

The practical significance of the results of diagnostics according to the MMPI2 questionnaire

The second modern method of psychodiagnostics, which is no less important and popular than the R. Cattell questionnaire, is the MMPI2 questionnaire.

Its use greatly simplifies the procedure for selecting applicants, based on the required personal characteristics. Further use of the methodology will help to track and identify employees engaged in professional activities that do not correspond to their psychographic personality profile, which will subsequently lead to an increase in productivity and minimization of risks. Programs allow you to establish personal characteristics, the level of intellectual and professional training, the main motivational impulses for activity, competencies, development potential, etc.

The areas of application can be various types of psychological counseling, career guidance, career selection, harmonization of relationships in teams, and much more.

According to the classical understanding, schizoid personality seems to be struggling with oral problems: she is preoccupied with the need to avoid the danger of being swallowed, sucked, chewed, tied, eaten. The world it is felt as a space full of consuming, perverting, destructive forces that threaten security and individuality. It is possible that the schizoid personality suffers from basic security anxiety. From a temperamental point of view, individuals who become schizoid are hyper-reactive and easily overstimulated, as if the nerve endings of schizoids are closer to the surface than others.

The primary relationship conflict in schizoid people concerns closeness and distance, love and fear. A deep ambivalence about attachment permeates their subjective life. They crave intimacy even though they feel the constant threat of being swallowed up by others. They seek distance to keep themselves safe, but they also suffer from remoteness and loneliness. The alienation that schizoid people suffer so much stems in part from the experience that their emotional, intuitive, and sensual abilities have not been sufficiently appreciated—others simply do not see what they are doing. Schizoid personalities, more than others, turn out to be "outsiders", observers, researchers of human existence. The "splitting" contained in the etymology of the word "schizoid" manifests itself in two areas: between one's own Self and the outside world; between the experienced self and desire.

The main defense of the schizoid personality organization is withdrawal into the inner world, into the world of imagination. In addition, schizoids often use projection and introjection, idealization, devaluation. Among more mature defenses, intellectualization is preferred.

One of the most striking aspects of people with a schizoid personality organization is their disregard for conventional societal expectations. Many observers describe the dispassionate, ironic and slightly contemptuous attitude of many schizoid personalities towards others. Nevertheless, schizoids can be very caring towards other people, although they still need to maintain protective personal space.

By physique, people belonging to this type are most often ectomorphs, and it would be reasonable to assume that the cerebrotonic disposition of this type contributed to their choice of withdrawal as a way to solve life's problems.

Thus, the core characteristic of this type of character is withdrawal into oneself (increased introversion) with a deep inability to establish meaningful, emotional interpersonal relationships (Popov, Vid, 2000). Closure is their main personality trait. They cannot be called completely unemotional - coldness and inaccessibility in communicating with people can be combined with strong affection to animals. They may be distinguished by a passion for some non-human science, such as mathematics or astronomy, where they are able to give the world creative ideas of high value. The statements may sound unexpected warmth for people whom they know little or have not seen for a very long time. They are fascinated by inanimate objects and metaphysical constructions that have attracted their interest. Characterized by frequent enthusiasm for various philosophies, ideas for improving the world, schemes for building a healthy lifestyle (due to unusual diets, sports activities), especially if this does not require direct dealing with other people. Schizoids are at high risk of addiction to drugs and alcohol for pleasure.

To be diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder, the condition must meet at least four of the following qualities or behavioral patterns:
1) only a few activities bring joy;
2) emotional coldness, distance or flattened affect;
3) reduced ability to express warm, tender feelings or anger towards others;
4) external indifference to the praise and criticism of others;
5) reduced interest in sexual experience with other people (taking into account age);
6) almost constant preference for solitary activities;
7) excessive depth in fantasizing and introspection;
8) lack of close friends (at best, no more than one) or trusting relationships and unwillingness to have them;
9) distinctly insufficient accounting social norms and requirements, frequent inadvertent deviations from them.

The schizoid character structure described by Lowen (Lowen, 2000) is as follows. The term schizoid describes a person whose sense of self is diminished, whose ego is weak and whose contact with the body and with the senses is severely weakened.

Energy is withdrawn from the peripheral structures of the body, namely from those parts through which the body contacts the outside world: the face, hands, genitals and legs. They are not fully energetically connected with the center, i.e. excitation from the center does not flow freely to them, but is blocked by chronic muscle tension at the base of the skull, in the joints of the shoulders, legs, pelvis and in the region of the diaphragm. The latter is usually so powerful that it divides the body in two, and there is often a marked disparity between the upper and lower halves of the body. In many cases, they do not look like belonging to one person, the person does not feel whole. The tendency to disunity, which occurs at the bodily level due to insufficient energy connection between the head and body, leads to a split personality.

People with a schizoid type of character are always significantly different from those around them, and have their own special characteristics that manifest themselves in many areas of life. These eccentricities are visible in the style of clothing, manner of communication, a peculiar gait. For people with a schizoid personality type, reality is not the basis for perceiving the world. Being a phlegmatic, a person mostly moves mechanically, sometimes pretentiously, jumping or shuffling. In this case, it is quite obvious that his internal attitudes are not in harmony with the requirements of the outside world.

The schizoid personality type is characterized by a fragmented understanding of reality, despite the fact that various trifles are given exorbitantly great importance, and at the same time, the key facts of certain situations are absolutely not taken into account, and are regarded as secondary. Such people try to notice a special meaning in those things and events that most people around do not pay attention to. Another feature of the schizoid type is isolation. It is expressed in the fact that very often it is simply impossible to know what emotions take possession of a person, since a schizoid personality can look completely calm in difficult situation, and inner feelings are not manifested in any way, the person’s face remains impassive.

The activities of an individual with a schizoid type of character are always based on their own interests, and this is a serious obstacle to various social contacts. When communicating with an interlocutor, a person with a schizoid personality type often behaves tactlessly, not taking into account the opinions of others. New acquaintances are always perceived with excessive suspicion, and if we are talking about empathy, or sympathy, then this is definitely not about him. The schizoid type is characterized by the manifestation of selfishness on an ongoing basis. As for professional activities, usually such people succeed in a narrow specialization. For example, a scientist can devote his whole life to one project, a physician stubbornly promotes a personally developed technique, even if it is not officially recognized.

A person with a schizoid personality type tends to defend new scientific ideas, in any direction create your own style. It is known that most collectors have exactly the schizoid type of character, in this regard, they are always obsessed with their hobby. At work, such people are valued for their unobtrusive and tactful behavior, their obligatory attitude to their duties. Often, management sets them as an example, appreciating business acumen, devoid of emotions. The circle of friends of people with the schizoid type is fairly stable, with close friends they keep in touch all their lives. But it is rather difficult for them to establish informal relations with colleagues at a new place of work. The more others show persistence, the deeper the closure in oneself occurs.

Schizoids are very independent individuals, and this quality makes them study any project on their own. That is, such an employee achieves everything himself, although in some cases one could simply ask. In this regard, over time, his qualifications are improving. In this case, it is especially important that the schizoid take into account the opinions of other specialists. If this is achieved, then the team will work very productively.

In people with a schizoid personality type, character traits appear already in childhood, at the age of three or four. Such kids love to devote their time to secluded and quiet activities, they are not interested in active communication with peers. Also, in children with a schizoid type of character, there is no particular attachment to loved ones, including family members. If a child develops schizoid psychopathy, then he early begins to be interested in complex problems from the field of philosophy. During the school period, schizoids show logical thinking, sometimes such children show extraordinary abilities in mathematics. At the same time, in everyday life they have many problems, as it is difficult for them to adapt to everyday life.

One of the most important features in the schizoid type of character is the development of schizoid psychopathy in a person. It can occur if certain signs of schizoidness become extremely pronounced. In addition, in this case, a person loses the ability to adapt socially. If the resulting schizoid psychopathy is moderate, then a person, even with complete social ineptitude, often achieves significant results in the field of art and science. If a severe form of this disorder has developed, then it is characterized by a desire to completely protect oneself from communication with others, and to remain alone.

For every patient who recognizes that his character is really close to the schizoid type of behavior, experts recommend paying attention to the manner of communicating with relatives and close people. The first recommendation is to learn how to express positive emotions. One should be aware of a special line beyond which even decent personality traits, amplified many times over, are perceived as negative. For example, if ordinary restraint is perceived by people as good traits, then in its excessive manifestation, detachment and isolation already arise. The presence of any active position in a person is recognized as an important quality, but a special value in modern world are communication skills.