Rynin Nikolay Alekseevich. «Nikolai Alekseevich Rynin and his Collection of illustrations dedicated to aeronautics. Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich

[ 11 (23) Dec. 1877 - 1942] - owls. scientist in the field of aeronautics, aviation and descriptive geometry. In 1901 he graduated from St. Petersburg. Institute of Railway Engineers and was left to prepare for professorship; since 1921 - prof. there. He taught, moreover, in St. Petersburg. Polytechnic and other in-tah. In 1905-13 he worked as a civil engineer on the Nikolaev railway. d. in St. Petersburg. Petersburg. in-those ways of communication with the participation of R. was created (1909) one of the first in Russia aerodynamic. laboratories and organized (1920) the Faculty of Air Communications. There he began to read a course in aeronautics. He was one of the founders of the All-Russian flying club, took an active part in organizing the first aviation competitions and flights in Russia (1910-13). R. - the author of the monograph "Theory of Aviation" (1917), received appreciated N. E. Zhukovsky, the course "Design of air communications" (1937), as well as a number of works on jet technology, interplanetary communications and the conquest of the stratosphere. In descriptive geometry R. given graphic. solving various problems in the field of perspective and the theory of shadows, textbooks were written on various sections of descriptive geometry ("Orthogonal projections", "Perspective on a plane", "Axonometry", etc.). Developed the theory of film perspective ("Kinoperspektiva", 1936). R. belongs to the work on the history of science and technology.

Cit.: Interplanetary communications, vol. 1-9, L., 1928-32.

Lit .: Dobryakov A. I. and Zubarev N. I., Professor N. A. Rynin, "Higher Technical School", 1936, No. 3; Fortikov I. P., N. A. Rynin, "Nature", 1937, No. 1.

Rynin, Nikolai Alekseevich

(1877-1942) - popular writer, prose writer, engineer; one of the domestic pioneers and promoters of aeronautics and astronautics. Born in Moscow, graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers, where he taught engineering. He became interested in aeronautics, read one of the first courses in Russia on this topic, organized an aerodynamic laboratory (he himself flew on hot-air balloon, airship, airplane, set several records); in the 1920s, carried away by the ideas of K. Tsiolkovsky, he took part in the creation and work of the Leningrad Group for the Study of Jet Propulsion (GIRD). During the war he was evacuated to Kazan, where he died.

R.'s artistic work is limited to the SF story "In the Ocean of the Air" (1924) and the remaining unpublished fantasy "Interplanetary Communications: Memories of the Future" (rukop. 1929). Much better known is another work of R. - published in 9 editions of the encyclopedia "Interplanetary communications" (Vol. 1-9. 1926-1932); its 2nd and 3rd volumes, almost entirely devoted to a review of science fiction literature, contained rich factual (including bibliographic) material on early science fiction and are probably one of the earliest examples of Russian science fiction (although R. science fiction considered solely from the standpoint of the popularization of science and technology).

Bibliography:

1. Spaceships: (Interplanetary communications in the fantasies of novelists). Issue. 1-2. - L.: P. P. Soikin, 1928.

Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich

Ry "nin Nikolai Alekseevich, Soviet scientist in the field of aeronautics, aviation, astronautics and descriptive geometry. After graduating from the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers in 1901, he remained to work there (professor since 1921). With the participation of R. at the institute, one of the first aerodynamic laboratories in Russia was created (1909) and the faculty of air communications was organized (1920), where R. taught a course in aeronautics. In 1928-1932 he published Interplanetary Communications (v. 1-9) - the first encyclopedic work on the history and theory of jet propulsion and space flights. Author of textbooks on descriptive geometry. R. named after the crater on the far side of the moon.

Cit.: Aviation Theory, 2nd ed., P., 1918; Film perspective, L, 1936; Design of air communications, M. - L., 1937; Materials for the history of descriptive geometry. [Bibliography, biographies, episodes, facts, chronology], L., 1938.

"Nikolai Alekseevich Rynin and his Collection of illustrations dedicated to aeronautics"

K 13 0th birthday

Nikolai Alekseevich Rynin(1877-1942) - a well-known scientist in the field of history and theory of aviation and aeronautics, descriptive geometry and building structures, one of the domestic pioneers and popularizers of aeronautics and astronautics.

Nikolai Alekseevich Rynin was born in Moscow on December 11, 1877. His mother, Maria Vasilievna, nee Markova, was the daughter of a peasant in the Simbirsk province. Father - an auditor of the military department, the son of a staff doctor. From the age of five, Nikolai lost his father and, with his sister Olga, was exclusively dependent on his mother.

In 1883, the family moved to the city of Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk), where the maternal grandfather lived. With the financial support of grandfather N.A. Rynin entered classical gymnasium, which he successfully completed in 1896, having passed full course 8th grade. Despite the low material wealth of the family, in the same 1896, Rynin went to St. Petersburg, where he entered the Institute of Railway Engineers.

During his stay at the Institute from 1896 to 1901, every summer Rynin worked at construction practices and twice, with the assistance of the Institute, he was sent abroad - to France, where he worked as a mechanic, fireman and assistant driver. And in 1900 he went to the Paris World Exhibition to inspect engineering structures. As a result of the trip, two articles were written in the form of reports: "New Works of the Orleans Railway in Paris" and "Simplon Tunnel", which were published in Izvestia of the Meeting of Railway Engineers.

While still a student, Rynin began to specialize in the course of descriptive geometry and, with his abilities and potentialities, attracted the attention of Professor V.I. Kurdyumov. Being already in his 5th year, Rynin completed a large project commissioned by the Orenburg-Tashkent Railway Administration - an ice cutter of a masonry bridge across the Ural River.

After graduating from the Institute of Railway Engineers in 1901, Rynin was hired as an engineer in the Technical Department of the Track Service of the Nikolaev Railway.

Since the autumn of 1901, Rynin at the Institute of Railway Engineers begins to teach a course in descriptive geometry, building art and the design of metal structures. In 1902, on the recommendation of his teacher V.I. Kurdyumov, he was invited to teach descriptive geometry at the then organized in St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. In 1903, Professor of the Polytechnic Institute V.L. Kirpichev suggested N.A. Rynin to teach a course in applied mechanics.

In the period 1903-1907. Rynin is on business trips abroad three times: to study engineering structures and get acquainted with the organization of teaching in higher educational institutions. In 1903 and 1906 - in Europe, and in 1904 - in America.

In 1905 N.A. Rynin goes to work in the Office for the reconstruction of the stations of the Nikolaev railway and draws up a number of projects for bridges, flyovers, water supply, buildings; since 1911 he has been the head of this Office.

In 1906 N.A. Rynin marries the daughter of a gymnasium teacher Druzhinina Tamara Vasilievna.

Simultaneously with his engineering service, Rynin publishes translated and original scientific work, including lithographed courses on various sections of descriptive geometry, research on the calculation of engineering structures, etc.

Since 1907, when aeronautics began to develop in the country, Rynin took an active part in the promotion of this branch of science and technology. He gets acquainted with the peculiarities of the development of this direction of activity abroad, organizes the All-Russian Aeroclub together with others. And in 1909, Rynin began to read a course of lectures on aeronautics at the Institute of Railway Engineers. In the same year, he passed an exam in applied and structural mechanics for an associate's degree at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute and defended his thesis on the topic "Calculation of hinge rings from rigid elements."

Feeling the urgent need to have practical experience in flying when teaching aeronautics, Rynin, since 1910, has been studying flights himself at the All-Russian Aeroclub and at the Military Aeronautical School. He receives, according to the rules of the International Aeronautical Federation, the title of pilot on an airplane, airship and hot air balloon, with the presentation of a certificate.

Further activities of N.A. Rynina was mainly associated with the study of image methods, on the one hand, and aeronautics, on the other. The organization, with his direct participation in the Institute of Railway Engineers of the Aeromechanical Laboratory (1910), finally forced him to leave the service at Nikolaevskaya railway(1913). Rynin completely switched to scientific and pedagogical activities, which are concentrated at the Institute of Railway Engineers, the Polytechnic Institute, and later, the Leningrad Institute of Civil Air Fleet Engineers.

In 1916 N.A. Rynin submits his second dissertation "Wind Pressure on Buildings" to the Institute of Railway Engineers for defense. The Council of the Institute releases Rynin from secondary protection and elects him as an adjunct of the Institute. Rynin's dissertation work is awarded the V.F. Golubev.

In 1918, N. A. Rynin took part in the organization of the People's Aerotechnical School and the Pilot-Observer School in Petrograd. In 1919, he received the post of professor of image methods at the Institute of Photography and Phototechnics and at the Institute of Railway Engineers. In 1920, the Faculty of Air Communications was created at the Institute of Railway Engineers and Rynin was elected its dean.

In the 1920s, carried away by the ideas of K. E. Tsiolkovsky, Rynin took part in the creation and work of the Leningrad Group for the Study of Jet Propulsion (GIRD).

Along with pedagogical work, he took part in the practical development of new problems in aviation, rockets and artillery, structural mechanics, engineering structures, aerial photography, cinematography, etc.

Already in the 1920s, Rynin's authority became generally recognized in the field of aviation and air communications. Since 1922, he has been included in the Civil Aviation Council under the Glavvozdukhoflot. In 1930, he was appointed concurrently assistant director of the Research Institute for Aerial Photography. On November 3, 1932, Rynin was introduced to the Aeroflot Central Qualification Commission for the award of academic titles, and on April 23, 1937, he was approved as a member of the presidium of this commission. Since 1936, he has been in charge of the section on the history of aviation and aeronautics at the Institute of Science and Technology of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1937-1940. ON THE. Rynin is a professor at the Department of Airship Operation at the Moscow Airship Training Plant, a member of the Permanent Technical Council for Special Tasks, a member of the State Qualification Commission, chairman of the Test Commission for Descriptive Geometry and Graphics at the Leningrad Institute of Railway Engineers. Since 1941 - professor and head of the graphics department at the Leningrad Air Force Academy of the Red Army and the Leningrad Aviation Institute.

Rynin conducts a great propaganda activity, acting as a popularizer of rocket technology and aviation, spacecraft and interplanetary communications. He publishes many popular science articles in the journals "Herald of Knowledge", "Man and Nature", "Science and Technology", "Airplane", "Nature", "Technology for the Masses". Serves with many journalistic and historical articles on the pages of the newspapers Izvestia, Leningradskaya Pravda, Krasnaya Zvezda, Komsomolskaya Pravda, For Bolshevik Aviation Personnel, Evening Red Newspaper, Combat Training, Aviation Newspaper . In addition, he has acted as a lecturer and speaker in front of various audiences. The topics of his reports were wide and varied: the history of science and technology, aeronautics and aviation, rocket technology and space flights, popularization scientific papers and inventions of domestic scientists, engineers, technicians, and, first of all, the founder of astronautics, K. E. Tsiolkovsky, and much more. For 40 years of his scientific and journalistic activity, he published over 250 works and articles, gave about 300 lectures and reports. He is the author of textbooks on descriptive geometry. In 1928-1932. published the book "Interplanetary communications" (issues 1-9) - the first encyclopedic work on the history and theory of jet propulsion and space flight.

In August 1941, the Leningrad Air Force Academy of the Red Army moved from Leningrad to the capital of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - Yoshkar-Ola. Rynin could not leave with the academy, he was already seriously ill (throat cancer). Having endured the first, most difficult blockade winter in Leningrad, in the spring of 1942, in an extremely weakened state, he was taken by plane to Yoshkar-Ola, from where he was sent for treatment to a hospital in Kazan. July 28, 1942 Nikolai Alekseevich died. He was buried in Kazan, at the Arsk cemetery.

The whole life of Professor N. A. Rynin, an outstanding scientist and talented engineer, teacher and lecturer, propagandist and patriot, was devoted to science.

Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich(December 11 (December 23) 1877, Moscow - July 28, 1942, Kazan, in evacuation) - Soviet scientist and popularizer in the field of aeronautics, aviation and astronautics, one of the organizers and activists, member of the LenGIRD bureau. Author of a number of works on jet technology, interplanetary communications and the development of the stratosphere.

Biography

After graduating from the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers in 1901, he remained to work there, since 1921 he was a professor, for several years he held the position of head of the department of descriptive geometry.

in 1909 - one of the first aerodynamic laboratories in Russia was created with the direct participation of Rynin
in 1917 - the monograph "Theory of Aviation" was published.
in 1918 - his conclusion on the jet project was published aircraft N. I. Kibalchich.
in 1920 - the Faculty of Air Communications was organized, where he taught a course in aeronautics (he flew in a balloon, airship, airplane, set several records).
In 1924 - participated in the work of the Moscow "Section of Interplanetary Communications" of the Osoaviakhim of the USSR, among whose members were F. E. Dzerzhinsky, K. E. Tsiolkovsky, V. P. Vetchinkin, F. A. Tsander, Ya. I. Perelman other.
In 1928, with the participation of Rynin, the Section of Interplanetary Communications was organized at the institute.
In 1928-32 he published "Interplanetary communications" (issues 1-9) - the first encyclopedic work on the history and theory of jet propulsion and astronautics.
In 1930-32 he conducted experiments on the effect of accelerations on living organisms.
In 1931 - one of the organizers and activists, a member of the LenGIRD bureau, organized on November 13, 1931.

In 1932, the LenGIRD included more than 400 members. B. S. Petropavlovsky, V. A. Artemiev, and others from the Gas Dynamics Laboratory provided great assistance in the organization of LenGIRD and its work. LenGIRD actively promoted rocket technology, organized demonstrative launches of small powder rockets, developed a number of original designs for experimental rockets (photo rocket, meteorological rocket, etc.), in particular, the Razumov-Stern rocket with a rotary rocket engine. In 1932, LenGIRD created courses on the theory of jet propulsion.

In 1934, LenGIRD was transformed into the Jet Propulsion Section, which, under the leadership of M. V. Machinsky, continued propaganda work, conducted experiments on the effects of overloads on animals, and until the start of the Second World War, developed and tested model rocket engines and rockets of original schemes.

In 1937 he published the course "Design of air communications".

Memory

In 1966, in connection with the 40th anniversary of the Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL), the Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences on Lunar Names assigned the names of 10 GDL workers to craters on the far side of the Moon. In the same year, names were given to the craters of the Moon in honor of other scientists and designers who at different times developed powder and liquid rockets: Zasyadko, Konstantinov, Kibalchich, Fedorov, Pomortsev, Tikhomirov, Kondratyuk, Zander, Petropavlovsky, Langemak, Artemiev, Kosberg, Rynin, Ilyin, Kleymenov.

Drawing room in Petersburg State University way of communication bears the name of Professor Rynin.

Bibliography

Textbooks on descriptive geometry.
"In the Air Ocean" (1924), a science fiction story.
Interplanetary Communications: Memories of the Future (rukop. 1929), unpublished. The first encyclopedia on the history of the theory of jet propulsion and space. flights, 9 issues:

issue 1 - Dreams, legends and first fantasies;
issue 2 - Spaceships in the fantasies of novelists;
issue 3 - Radiant energy in the fantasies of novelists and projects of scientists;

issue 4 - Rockets and direct reaction engines;
issue 5 - Theory of jet propulsion;
issue 6 - Superaviation and superartillery;

issue 7 - Russian inventor and scientist K. E. Tsiolkovsky. His biography, works and rockets;
issue 8 - Theory space flight;
issue 9 - Celestial navigation. Chronicle and bibliography.

[ 11 (23) Dec. 1877 - 1942] - owls. scientist in the field of aeronautics, aviation and descriptive geometry. In 1901 he graduated from St. Petersburg. Institute of Railway Engineers and was left to prepare for professorship; since 1921 - prof. there. He taught, moreover, in St. Petersburg. Polytechnic and other in-tah. In 1905-13 he worked as a civil engineer on the Nikolaev railway. d. in St. Petersburg. Petersburg. in-those communications with the participation of R. was created (1909) one of the first in Russia aerodynamic. laboratories and organized (1920) the Faculty of Air Communications. There he began to read a course in aeronautics. He was one of the founders of the All-Russian flying club, took an active part in organizing the first aviation competitions and flights in Russia (1910-13). R. - the author of the monograph "Theory of Aviation" (1917), which was highly appreciated by H. E. Zhukovsky, the course "Design of Air Communications" (1937), as well as a number of works on jet technology, interplanetary communications and the conquest of the stratosphere. In descriptive geometry R. given graphic. solving various problems in the field of perspective and the theory of shadows, textbooks were written on various sections of descriptive geometry ("Orthogonal projections", "Perspective on a plane", "Axonometry", etc.). Developed the theory of film perspective ("Kinoperspektiva", 1936). R. belongs to the work on the history of science and technology.

Cit.: Interplanetary communications, vol. 1-9, L., 1928-32.

Lit .: Dobryakov A. I. and Zubarev N. I., Professor N. A. Rynin, "Higher Technical School", 1936, No. 3; Fortikov I. P., N. A. Rynin, "Nature", 1937, No. 1.

Rynin, Nikolai Alekseevich

(1877-1942) - popular writer, prose writer, engineer; one of the domestic pioneers and promoters of aeronautics and astronautics. Born in Moscow, graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers, where he taught engineering. He became interested in aeronautics, read one of the first courses in Russia on this topic, organized an aerodynamic laboratory (he himself flew in a balloon, airship, airplane, set several records); in the 1920s, carried away by the ideas of K. Tsiolkovsky, he took part in the creation and work of the Leningrad Group for the Study of Jet Propulsion (GIRD). During the war he was evacuated to Kazan, where he died.

Bibliography:

1. Spaceships: (Interplanetary communications in the fantasies of novelists). Issue. 1-2. - L.: P. P. Soikin, 1928.

2. Interplanetary communications. Radiant energy in the fantasies of novelists and projects of scientists: (On the works of Russian and Soviet science fiction writers). Issue. 3. - L., 1930.

3. Technique and fantasy // Fight for technology. - 1934. - No. 8. - S. 18-22.

Lit .: Tarasov V. Nikolai Alekseevich Rynin. - M., 1990.

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