Intelligent and intelligent. What is an educated, intelligent person? intelligent and educated difference

(From the book: Selected: In 2 vols. M., 1975. Vol. 2)

Indeed, an educated person is not one who considers himself "educated". Even illiterate shopkeepers and officers, and many of those who have the opportunity to buy themselves a "German dress" and, with its help, be ranked among the "pure public", even such consider themselves educated, although their soul is pitch darkness. Indeed, an educated person is not one who has graduated from any, even higher, educational institution, - you never know ignoramuses, narrow specialists or dexterous careerists come out of them! Not the one who has read a lot in his lifetime, even a lot, at least the most good books. Not the one who has accumulated in himself, in one way or another, a certain stock, however large, of various kinds of knowledge. This is not the very essence of education.

Its very essence lies in the influence that it can and should have on the surrounding life, in the power that education gives to a person for reshaping the surrounding life, in introducing something new into it, one’s own in one or another of its areas, in one or another another corner of it. Whether it is a general education or whether it is a special education, all the same, its criterion is the alteration of life, the changes made in it with its help.

The greatest happiness for a person is to feel strong. Of course, we are not talking about physical strength, but about the strength of the spirit. The greatest reformers in science and philosophy - Newton, Pascal, Spencer, Darwin - were physically weak people. There were many of these among public figures. The whole point is in the power of the spirit. Without fortitude, there is no strength and education. Without education, in modern times, the spirit is also powerless. This is still not enough for an educated person to have solid, definite, precise knowledge and solid, well-grounded opinions based on them. It is necessary, first of all, that he be a fighter for his opinions. An opinion which he does not know how to prove, defend against attacks or enforce (whether it is broad or deep is another question) has no particular value. It is especially important for us Russians, for our native people, driven into a gloomy dead end by the blind and selfish force of the past, to understand education in the sense of an active, reforming force, and just such a force, because without it it is worthless. We must all understand education as an active and luminous force, not only in itself (this is still not enough!), but precisely in terms of its application in social life.

The greatest value for us, for our homeland at a given historical moment is not the person who has more or less extensive, deep, versatile, accurate and reliable knowledge; and not even the one who knows how to think critically and delve into the surrounding life, understand it in general and in particular - this is still not enough! Especially valuable for us are those educated people who have responsiveness, strength of feeling, energy, will, those who know how to penetrate to their very foundations the spirit of society. These, and only these educated people, we can call intelligent people in the best sense of the word.<...>

An intelligent person is such a person who knows and understands life, and its course, and its needs, and its needs, to such an extent that at any moment he can prove himself to be their real spokesman.

To understand the surrounding life is the first task of an educated person. Service to the surrounding life, the nature of this service - this is the touchstone for judging it. Whoever you are, reader, young or old, Russian or foreigner, man or woman, do not forget the social significance of your education, and even more so of self-education. Russian history is unique and changeable. It can force any of you at any moment to become a representative of life, its interests and needs, aspirations and hopes, a spokesman for its most urgent demands and a worker and fighter for their satisfaction.

A truly educated person should always be ready and prepare in advance to be at any moment, in case of need, the spokesman for the needs and needs of the surrounding social life. No education, no self-education should, above all, disregard this possibility.

Not in this his business, i.e. not in the profession and occupation is the very essence of a person, but in the person himself, in his attitude to this business.

In a very dark corner, even the most ordinary candle is an extremely important and literally bright phenomenon, and does an important job, and can even be proud of what it does, the fact that here it pours light where no electric lamps have yet penetrated, and will they penetrate, and when?

Where there is light, there cannot be but the spread of light to others. If there is an educated, thinking, understanding, thoughtful, socially inclined person, he cannot do without public service, and, in any case, a person who is incapable of expressing the interests of life is not really an educated person in the best, highest sense of the word.

An educated person is first and foremost a servant of life. But not only the surrounding life, not only your corner, your circle, your family, your personality. Education, understood in the best sense of the word, excludes narrowness - the narrowness of thought, knowledge, understanding, mood. The narrowness of the spirit does not see behind the details, behind the particulars, it forgets the whole, the many, the varied, the great.

An educated person is certainly a versatile, and therefore tolerant person. He must be completely alien to the spirit of intolerance and ideological exclusivity, and he cannot but look at every opinion that disagrees with him, first of all, as a fact that must be known and recognized as such. Facts require thoughtful study, discussion and comprehensive assessment. Thus, the first task of a truly educated person is not to be narrow-minded, to develop a versatile knowledge and understanding of life and the ability to evaluate other people's opinions about life, having their own, factually substantiated.<...>

The following signs define an educated person, but not each sign separately, but all of them in the aggregate.

1. The ability to think, evaluate, understand the surrounding reality, navigate "in it at any moment and in any place, without losing the independence of one's thinking, observing possible impartiality in one's assessment and striving to penetrate thought not only into the form of phenomena, and even not only into forms of life in general, but in its depths, its foundations.

2. Versatile, accurate, reliable knowledge, which should always be based on, is the ability to think, evaluate and understand.

3. Activity - the ability to act, to live in general, to manifest oneself outwardly not as a dead, passive force, but as a thinking, feeling, conscious personality, which should not at all be some kind of clay from which circumstances can sculpt any animal. Activity is not about adapting to environment... but, on the contrary, in this very environment and even in any environment, to pave the way for the manifestation of one's mind, feelings, will, creativity, in general for work, for life. Activity is an offensive attitude to life, the ability to respond to it in such a way as to push it apart, sometimes excessively close, and even senselessly narrow limits, embodying, under all possible conditions in life itself, what has already been accumulated in the soul. Of course, the scope of life becomes wider only under the pressure of activity, and therefore activity, in the end, comes down to the ability to follow one's own line, regardless of obstacles, bypassing them, and even eliminating them through struggle. Activity is life. Without activity there is no education, because only through activity can it leave a trace in life. Without this, any education, in the end, is reduced to nothing but zero.

4. Responsiveness, the ability not only to see and understand the surrounding life, but also to feel, experience it, the ability to put yourself in the position of those you encounter in life, to take into account other people's experiences - be it someone else's grief or someone else's joy, love or hatred, apathy or anger. Responsiveness is the ability to "not do to others what you don't want them to do to you." Responsiveness is sensitivity to life around, it is a kind of “educated feeling”, both sympathies and antipathies, subtlety, the ability to catch in other people and in everything around not only sharply conspicuous features, but also barely noticeable shades and overflows. them in space and time. Responsiveness, subtlety - this is the opposite of "clubbing", thanks to which another is even very scientist man more like some crude animal than a human in the best sense of the word. Responsiveness is the basis of love for people, it also hinders human personality"to become thick-skinned." Through the same responsiveness, the person who possesses it, as it were, merges with the surrounding life, with people, with society, humanity, becomes an expression of something big, standing outside the boundaries of the individual, and that is higher than him ...

If all these four qualities are present in someone, this means that the person who has them is not only educated, but also intelligent in the best sense of the word, regardless of whether he has read many or few books, whether he has or does not have one degree or another. Such a person is really a force that other people cannot but reckon with, and which cannot but leave a bright trace in the environment where it is present.

The conclusion from this chapter is this: a truly educated and intelligent person cannot be educated to himself and only for himself. He is educated for everyone, he is one of the brightest phenomena in the corner where he lives; he is a source, he is a natural distributor of light and generally good in his corner. But after all, it is on such and such people that the upsurge, development, progress of social and historical life in general rests ...

We are talking about intelligence because, like civilization, it is often identified with culture. And just those people who are educated, learned and have knowledge of various kinds are considered intelligent.

Intelligentsia- this is a reasonable, educated, mentally developed part of the inhabitants (V. Dahl), a social stratum of people professionally engaged in mental, mostly complex, creative work.

Thus, scientists, teachers, doctors, engineers, people of art, etc. fall into the category of intelligentsia. They are considered the spiritually leading layer of the people who create, develop and spread culture, as well as preserve and create its values. And that is why intelligence itself (and its bearer, the intelligentsia) is an indisputable value of culture.

But after all, those who are called intellectuals can be at different levels of culture. So, for example, if a person (or group) is dominated by the needs of material and material comfort, his own well-being, convenience, benefit, etc., then it will be natural for him lowest level culture. This means that more important than the ennoblement of being, for him is his own benefit, selfish interest. Then the mind, and education, and mental labor become significant, primarily in terms of practical use and benefits. And although, let's say, education creates rich opportunities for the development of culture, it in itself does not provide a person with a high level of culture, as well as real intelligence. There is a difference not only between educated and cultured people, but also between "education" and the intelligentsia. Not a diploma higher education, neither the loudest academic degree, nor engaging in complex intellectual activities testify to culture and intelligence. Although, if received really a good education, it may indicate a high degree of civilization. Education, which is directly related to culture (as one of the means of its development), is nevertheless the fruit of civilization and can remain in its field, that is, in the field of utility, being an “instrument” of mental progress, but not necessarily progress spiritual. Rousseau was right that science, education and art by themselves do not provide development, for example, of morality. One of the greats said that just a well-educated person is the most boring creature in the world. Well, if only boring! But after all, education, even humanitarian education, does not imply a person's conscience, tact, or mercy. It only gives knowledge about such and similar things, about true intelligence and true culture.

What is called intelligence includes education, but it alone is not enough. An intellectual is always educated, but an educated person is not always intelligent. And not always cultured. Education gives a person the opportunity to reach a fairly high level of culture (specialized), which is characterized by the dominance of interest in a particular activity, which becomes to a certain extent self-valuable. For example, educated people can get carried away with knowledge, science and scientific and technical creativity so much that comfort, convenience of life and personal gain recede into the background. It seems that in their lives the spirit triumphs over rude good, and that these people are really in the highest degree intelligent and cultured. Such a delusion is understandable, because these are scientists, inventors, teachers, doctors. They create and transmit spiritual values, which means that they really enrich culture in many ways, they live in search of truth.

But why then in question about delusion? Because, paradoxically, not only those who are called intellectuals, but also those who actually are, are not necessarily people at all. high culture. First, because even the specialized level of culture is limited by the very specialization. The unforgettable K. Prutkov noticed that a specialist is like a flux: both are one-sided. Ch.-P. Snow revealed to everyone the presence in culture of supposedly “two cultures”, i.e., obvious for the twentieth century. polarization spiritual world(where the two poles were personified by the artistic intelligentsia and scientists: physicists, mathematicians, biologists, and engineers). Many English scholars, for example, embarrassedly told him that they "tried" to read Dickens (and did not read serious fiction), while the humanities and artists did not understand either the languages of science or the significance of the scientific and technological revolution. These manifestations of civilizational incompleteness, partiality stemmed from the narrowness of the professional sphere of activity, and hence the general spiritual limitations followed, the inability to adequately perceive and evaluate those phenomena of civilization and culture that did not fit into the band of life passions. The one-sidedness of human development turned out to be in the twentieth century. civilizationally inevitable in connection with the division of labor, including mental (and creative).

Secondly, and much more importantly, learning has not yet made anyone a good person (Democritus). And not only scholarship, but also talent and skill in any of the fields of activity. This is important, since a person of the highest level of culture has a dominant need - the need for the life of another person, and the main value is another specific person. Of course, one cannot say that every good man cultural, but a full-fledged culture presupposes a formalized identification of humanity in a person. Culture at this level appears primarily in such realizable values as conscience, decency, mercy, tolerance, delicacy, taste, desire and ability to understand and “accept” another person, another ethnic group, another culture. Blaise Pascal, who wrote that the entire universe is not worth even the most mediocre mind, “... for he is able to know everything carnal and himself ...”, it was not for nothing that he further stated: “Everything carnal, taken together, and everything reasonable, taken together, and all that they generate is not worth the slightest impulse of mercy.” For a full-fledged culture, it is important at the same time the ability to show mercy, humanly shaping it. After all, it is important how much a person is internally cultured, and how organically he expresses his culture outside, in relation to other people, other cultures.

Neither science, nor education, nor professional studies of mental and creative work, intellectual spiritual activity in themselves provide the level of real culture in the full sense of the word.

This means that either the layer that is usually called the intelligentsia will not necessarily be the spiritually leading layer of the people, the highly cultured layer of the population, or the term "intelligentsia" must be understood by introducing additional meanings into it and taking into account the fact that "intelligence" and "educatedness" are constantly confused ”, “cultured” and “civilized”.

Many representatives of the Russian intelligentsia claim that they are representatives of the highest level of culture and are called upon to teach “how to equip Russia”, spiritually elevate others both in Russia and abroad and, thus, serve the needs of the people, promote people's happiness and the happiness of mankind. A large part of this layer is characterized by what S. Bulgakov called the extremes of "popular worship and spiritual aristocracy."

On the other hand, the Russian intelligentsia (and not only it) is also characterized by a certain utilitarianism. S. Frank believed that "the concept of culture in the strict sense of the word is alien and partly hostile to the Russian intellectual." Because when we talk about culture, we usually mean the need for it. practical application. That is, culture is important if it serves something, if it is, for example, a means of developing a political mechanism, public education, upbringing or streamlining public life. Answering this, Frank rightly wrote that culture is not a means, but the goal of human activity, that it does not serve the improvement of human nature, but is itself this improvement.

It seems that the real content of the concepts of “intelligence” and “culturedness” in their highest manifestations largely coincides. And in any case, in the sense that intelligence is not a means for something, but a state to which one should strive. But knowledge, knowledge, education and enlightenment can be and are means for the comprehension, preservation, dissemination and development of culture. And the truth, which is the correspondence of knowledge about reality to reality itself, the truth (or, more precisely, the truth) of facts, is just as useful in relation to culture. But the concept of "truth" is also used in another sense, in which we are talking about it as a value of culture.

You know how many times I have noticed that there is a very big difference between a cultured, intelligent person and an educated person. There is a huge difference between these concepts. A person has read Proust and knows who Borges is, but at the same time, his level of internal culture remains extremely low. Such people are called "educated" or "educated".

The manifestation of this phenomenon in girls is especially scary. Here she is, outwardly so well-read, but she simply does not have and cannot have an internal culture - where could she come from in a worker-peasant family? Let me remind you once again - intelligence is transmitted only by inheritance - it cannot be learned.

So, as a rule, we have an education - and if this is a girl, then the results will be very deplorable - without the inherited intelligence, education will so distort, spoil the girl that one should simply shy away from her, as from a leprous patient.

Here are a few differences (the simplest) between an intelligent girl and an educated girl - which are immediately visible to the naked eye in the very first hours of acquaintance.

Intelligent girl: restrained, in a conversation she never tries to suppress, humiliate the interlocutor, even if she understands the issue better than him. She knows how to yield, she is tactful, she will never stick out her knowledge, boast of her culture. Knows how to listen, does not interrupt over trifles. (In other words - she does not have an inferiority complex - a girl who does not have a formal education can be intelligent).

An educated woman: with foam at the mouth she will prove her case, she will try to humiliate the interlocutor, the last word should always remain with her. A monstrous inferiority complex will make her constantly consider herself right in everything, she considers herself higher, "cooler" - proving this she will fight to the last, in extreme cases - she will turn to insults. (Demonstrative erudition, the absorption of a huge number of books, the desire to be right in everything - the result of a difficult and exhausting struggle with one's own inferiority complex).

What is the difference: an intelligent girl (if you get in your way - hold on to her with both hands - this is a rarity!) will never show snobbery, disdain, will not allow herself condescending glances towards anyone. This is a sign of intelligence - respect for other people, refusal to condemn them for anything, tolerance. Such girls, as a rule, are very rare.

An extreme form of education: snobbery without education. The girl is right about everything ... simply because she is a girl (rabid feminism). I have been facing such a phenomenon for quite a long time: there is no education, zero knowledge, but in everything - my opinion and, of course, an attempt to prove to others that I am right. (Frantic feminism as a way to deal with their own inferiority complex). Very often I met girls who, having no education at all, but who read 2-3 books on esotericism or went to some courses, suddenly began to make completely peremptory judgments, began to teach, talk about some higher truth, - it looked like, frankly, it's sad.

According to my observations, the fate of such ladies is very sad - as a rule, in old age they are left alone, not needed by anyone - their loneliness is a retribution for the snobbery that was born from erudition (but not from intelligence!) - if you dig deeper, then a further reason - this is an overly ambitious mother (less often - a father) who hammered into the girl's head that she was the best. In general, mothers very often disfigure the lives of their children - but I will talk about this sometime later. Run from such girls, run headlong - you will save your life.

The education of a girl without hereditary internal intelligence is terrible curse, crippling fate. Humanities education is especially terrible for girls - technical education, as a rule, disfigures less.

That is, if a girl suddenly begins to say that she read Akutagawa in the original and look at everyone around her with a dismissive look, you are an educated woman. Such a girl despite knowing Japanese language, will make hell out of the life of any man, by the age of 45, as a strict rule, she will remain alone, get fat and will teach everyone and everything around how to live. Those close to her will shy away like the plague, and those far away will try not to approach. This is the result of education and hundreds or thousands of books read - education without internal, inherited culture, intelligence.

A woman has historically always realized herself through a man. A man has always filled the existence of a woman with meaning - this is how nature intended. Having discarded the man and independently filling herself with meaning, the modern woman has turned into a completely inadequate person, devoid of any moral principles, dealing with which is not only dangerous, but also simply unpleasant.

Forgive me, dear, intelligent and very well-mannered ladies who respect their men and live in harmony with them - all this, of course, does not apply to you.

Saved

(NA Rubakin)

Indeed, an educated person is not one who considers himself "educated". Even illiterate shopkeepers and officers, and many of those who have the opportunity to buy themselves a "German dress" and with its help be ranked among the "clean public", even such consider themselves educated, although their soul is pitch darkness. Indeed, an educated person is not the one who graduated from any, even higher, educational institution - you never know ignoramuses, narrow specialists or clever careerists come out of them! Not the one who has read many, even very many, at least the best books in his lifetime. Not the one who has accumulated in himself, in one way or another, a certain stock, however large, of various kinds of knowledge. This is not the point of education at all.

Its very essence lies in the influence that it can and should have on the surrounding life, in the power that education gives to a person for reshaping the surrounding life, in introducing something new into it, one’s own in one or another of its areas, in one or another another corner of it. Whether this is a general education or whether it is a special education, it doesn’t matter, its criterion is a remake life, the changes brought about in it at his help.

The greatest happiness for a person is to feel strong. Of course, we are not talking about physical strength, but about the strength of the spirit. The greatest reformers in science and philosophy - Newton, Pascal, Spencer. Darwin - were physically weak people. There were many such among public figures. The whole point is in the power of the spirit. Without fortitude, there is no strength and education. Without education, in modern times, the spirit is also powerless. This is still not enough for an educated person to have solid, definite, precise knowledge and solid, well-grounded opinions based on them. First of all, he must also be a fighter for his opinions. An opinion that he cannot prove, defend against attack, or enforce (whether it is broad or deep is another matter) is of little value. It is especially important for us Russians, for our native people, driven into a gloomy dead end by the blind and selfish force of the past, to understand education in the sense of an active, reforming force, and just such a force, because without it it is worthless. We must all understand education as an active and luminous force, not only in itself (this is still not enough!), but precisely in terms of its application in social life.

To understand the surrounding life is the first task of an educated person. Service to the surrounding life, the nature of this service - this is the touchstone for judging it. Whoever you are, reader, young or old, Russian or foreigner, man or woman, do not forget the social significance of your education, and even more so of self-education. Russian history is unique and changeable. It can force any of you at any moment to become a representative of life, its interests and needs, aspirations and hopes, an exponent of its most urgent demands and a worker and fighter for their satisfaction.

Not in this his business, i.e. not in the profession and occupation is the very essence of a person, but in the person himself, in his attitude to this business.

An educated person is first of all a servant of life. But not only in the surrounding life, not only in his corner, his circle, his family, his personality. Education, understood in the best sense of the word, excludes narrowness - the narrowness of thought, knowledge, understanding, mood. The narrowness of the spirit behind the details, behind the particulars does not see; forgets the whole, the many, the varied, the great. >

The following signs define an educated person, but not each sign separately, but all of them in the aggregate.

1. The ability to think, evaluate, understand the surrounding reality, navigate it at any moment and in any place, without losing the independence of one’s thinking, observing possible impartiality in one’s assessment and striving to penetrate thought not only into the form of phenomena, and even not only into forms life in general, but in its depths, its foundations.

2. Versatile, accurate, reliable knowledge, which should always be based on, is the ability to think, evaluate and understand.

3. Activity - the ability to act, to live in general, to manifest oneself not at all as a dead, passive force, but as a thinking, feeling, conscious personality, which should not at all be some kind of clay from which circumstances can sculpt any animal. Activity does not consist in adapting to the environment ... but, on the contrary, in this very environment and even in any environment, pave the way for the manifestation of one's mind, feelings, will, creativity, in general for work, for life. Activity is an offensive attitude to life, the ability to respond to it in such a way as to push it apart, sometimes overly close, and even senselessly narrow limits, embodying, under all possible conditions in life itself, what has already been accumulated in the soul. Of course, the scope of life becomes wider only under the pressure of activity, and therefore activity, in the end, comes down to the ability to follow one's own line, regardless of obstacles, bypassing them, and even eliminating them through struggle. Activity is life. Without activity there is no education, because only through activity can it leave a trace in life. Without this, any education, in the end, is reduced to nothing but zero.

4, Responsiveness, the ability not only to see and understand the surrounding life, but also to feel, experience it, the ability to put yourself in the position of those you encounter in life, to take into account other people's experiences - be it someone else's grief or someone else's joy, love or hatred, apathy or anger. Responsiveness is the ability to "not do to others what you don't want them to do to you." Responsiveness is sensitivity to life around, it is a kind of “educated feeling”, both sympathies and antipathies, subtlety, the ability to catch in other people and in everything around not only sharply conspicuous features, but also barely noticeable shades and overflows. them in space and time. Responsiveness, subtlety - this is the opposite of "clubbing", due to which some even a very learned person looks more like some kind of rough animal than a person in the best sense of the word. Responsiveness is the basis of love for people, it also prevents the human personality from "turning into thick-skinned." Through the same responsiveness, the person who possesses it, as it were, merges with the surrounding life, with people, with society, humanity, becomes an expression of something big, standing outside the boundaries of the individual, and that is higher than him ...

If all these four qualities are present in someone, this means that the person who has them is not only educated, but also intelligent in the best sense of the word, regardless of whether he has read many or few books, whether he has or does not have (one diploma or another. Such a person is really a force that other people cannot but reckon with, and which cannot but leave a bright trace in the environment where it is present.

The conclusion from this chapter is this: a truly educated and intelligent person cannot be educated about himself and for himself. "He is educated for everyone, he is one of the bright phenomena in the corner where he lives; he is a source, he is a natural distributor light and generally good in one's own corner, but it is on such and such people that the upsurge, development, progress of social and historical life in general rests.

Creative tasks

1. Write an essay-reflection on the topics: “Can education change the mentality of a nation?”;

2. Is education responsible for the occurrence global problems?

IV. Literature

Main:

1. Gershunsky B.S. Philosophy of education for the 21st century. - M., 1998. -S.34-76.

2. Khutorskoy A.V. Modern didactics. - St. Petersburg. - 2001. - S. 37-45.

Additional

Andreev V.I. Pedagogy: Training course for creative self-development. - 2nd ed. - Kazan: Center innovative technologies, 2000. - 608 p.

Bondarevskaya E. V., Kulnevich S. B. Pedagogy: personality in humanistic theories and education systems: Proc. allowance for students. Wednesdays, and higher. ped. institutions, students of IPK and FPC. - Rostov-n / D: Creative Center "Teacher", 1999. - 560 p.

Gessen S.I. Fundamentals of Pedagogy. Introduction to Applied Philosophy. - M.: School-Press, 1995. - 448 p.

Glossary modern education (terminological dictionary) // public education. - 1997. - No. 3. - S. 93-95.

Klinberg L. Problems of learning theory: Per. with him. - M.: Pedagogy, 1984. - 256 p.

The sciences feed young men,
They give joy to the old,
Decorate in a happy life
Save in case of an accident.

(M. V. Lomonosov)

An educated person is not just a person who has a diploma of completed education. This concept is many-sided and multifaceted, it consists of many criteria that are formed throughout the life of an individual.

History pages

What does an educated person mean? Surely many of us sooner or later asked this question. To answer it, we must turn to history. Namely, to those days when humanity began to make progress in the development of civilization.

Everything was created and done gradually. Nothing appears at once, at the wave of the mighty hand of the Creator. "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was God." Communication, gestures, signs, sounds were born. It is from these times that the concept of education should be considered. People have got mutual language, the original knowledge base they passed on to children from generation to generation. Man made efforts to develop writing and speech. Drawing from these sources, the river of time has brought us to the present. There were many meanders in the channel of this river, incredible work was invested and colossal work was done. Yet this river brought us into the life we see it now. Books have preserved and conveyed to us everything that man has created over the centuries. We draw knowledge from these sources and become educated people.

Educated person: concept, criteria, aspects

The interpretation of this term is ambiguous, researchers offer many definitions and variations. Some believe that an educated person is an individual who has graduated from an educational institution and has undergone comprehensive training in a certain field of knowledge. For example, these are doctors, teachers, professors, cooks, builders, archaeologists, managers and other specialists. Others argue that, in addition to state-commercial education, a person must also have social, life experience gained in travel, trips, in communication with people of different ethnic groups, classes and levels. However, such an interpretation is incomplete, since an educated person is a person of certain moral principles who has managed to achieve something in his life thanks to his knowledge, erudition, culture and determination. From all this, we conclude that an educated person is not only the most intelligent person, but also a person with a capital letter. Therefore, most researchers give a more accurate description of this term. They believe that an educated person is an individual who is offered by civilization itself. He has cultural and life experience, historically accumulated in the process of development and formation of culture, industry, industry, etc.

The image of an educated person is made up of many criteria and personality traits:

Having an education.
Language proficiency.
Culture of behavior.
Expanded horizons.
Erudition.
Wide vocabulary.
Erudition.
Sociability.
Thirst for knowledge.
Eloquence.
Mind flexibility.
The ability to analyze.
Striving for self-improvement.
Purposefulness.
Literacy.
upbringing.
Tolerance.

The role of education in human life

An educated person seeks knowledge for orientation in the world. It is not so important for him to know how many elements are in the periodic table, but he needs to have general idea about chemistry. In each area of knowledge, such a person is guided easily and naturally, realizing that single accuracy is absolutely impossible in everything. This allows you to see the world from a different angle, navigate in space, makes life bright, rich and interesting. On the other hand, education acts as enlightenment for everyone, endowing with knowledge to be able to distinguish reality from imposed opinion. An educated person is not influenced by sectarians, advertising tricks, as he constantly analyzes what he sees and hears, forming the only correct decision about the reality of what is happening. With the help of education, the individual achieves his goals, improves himself and expresses himself. Thanks to reading, an erudite person listens to his inner world, finds important answers, subtly feels the world, becomes wise, erudite.

The Importance of School Education

The first stage in the formation of each individual as an "educated person" is the initial educational institution, namely the school. There we get the basics of knowledge: we learn to read, write, draw, think in detail. And our future development, as a full-fledged representative of society, largely depends on how much we assimilate this initial information. From birth, parents develop a craving for knowledge in the child, explaining the importance of education in life. Thanks to the school, the abilities of each student are revealed, a love of reading is instilled, and the foundations are laid in society.

The school is the foundation for the formation of every educated person. It solves a number of important tasks.

Primary education of a person, the transfer of social, life, scientific experience in significant areas historically accumulated by civilization.
Spiritual and moral education and personal development (patriotism, religious beliefs, family values, culture of behavior, understanding of art, etc.).
Preservation and strengthening of health, both physical and mental, without which a person cannot fulfill himself.

Self-education and social, life experience is not enough to become educated, so the role of the school in the life of a modern individual is invaluable, irreplaceable.

The role of books in education

At present, teachers perceive the image of an intellectual as an ideal of an educated person, to which every student, student, and adult should strive. However, this quality is not a priority or mandatory.

How do we imagine an educated person

Each of us has our own on this topic. For some, an educated person is someone who has finished school. For others, these are people who have received a specialty in a particular field. Still others consider all smart people, scientists, researchers, those who read a lot and educate themselves, to be educated. But education is the basis of all definitions. It radically changed life on Earth, gave a chance to fulfill oneself and prove to oneself that everything depends on a person. Education gives a chance to take a step into another world.

At each stage of personality formation, a person perceives the concept of education in different ways. Children and students are sure that this is just the smartest person who knows and reads a lot. Students look at this concept from the point of view of education, believing that after graduating from an educational institution, they will become educated people. The older generation perceives this image more broadly and thoughtfully, realizing that, in addition to learning, such a person must have his own store of knowledge, social experience, be erudite, well-read. As we can see, everyone has their own idea of what an educated person should know.

Self-realization

When a person graduates from school, he experiences extraordinary joy, positive emotions, accepts congratulations and wishes to become a worthy person in the future. Having received a certificate, each graduate becomes a new life path to self-actualization and independence. Now you need to take an important step - choose an educational institution and future profession. Many choose the difficult path to achieve cherished dream. Perhaps this is the most important moment in a person's life - to choose professional activity according to the soul, interests, abilities and talents. The self-realization of the individual in society, his further happy life depends on this. After all, an educated person is, among other things, a person who has achieved success in one area or another.

The importance of education in our time

The concept of "education" includes the words - "to form", "to form", which means the formation of a person as a person. Forms it internally "I". Both in front of himself in the first place, and in front of the society in which he lives, is engaged in his field of activity, works and just pleasantly spends his free time. Undoubtedly, a good education in our time is simply irreplaceable. It is a decent education that opens all the doors for the individual, makes it possible to get into "high society", get a first-class job with decent wages and achieve universal recognition and respect. After all, knowledge is never enough. With every day we live, we learn something new, we get a certain portion of information.

Unfortunately, in our twenty-first century, the age of digital technologies, communications and the Internet, such a thing as "education" is gradually fading into the background. On the one hand, it would seem that it should be the other way around. Internet, bottomless source useful information where everything is available. There is no need to once again run around libraries, fellow students in search of a missed lecture, etc. However, along with useful information, the Internet contains great amount useless, unnecessary and even harmful information that clogs the human brain, kills the ability to think adequately in it, and leads a person astray. Often low-quality resources, useless social media humanity is much more attracted than information from libraries useful for self-development.

What does ignorance lead to?

An uneducated person is under the delusion that he knows everything and has nothing more to learn. While an educated person will be sure until the end of his life that his education is not completed. He will always strive to know what will make his life even better. If a person does not strive for knowledge of the world and self-development, then in the end he comes to everyday life, a routine where work does not bring either pleasure or sufficient income. Of course, ignorance does not mean a complete lack of any knowledge, certificates. A person can have several educations, but be illiterate. And vice versa, there are quite educated, well-read people who do not have a diploma, but have a high intellect, erudition due to independent study the surrounding world, sciences, society.

It is more difficult for uneducated people to fulfill themselves, to achieve what they want, to find something to their liking. Of course, remembering our grandparents, who at one time worked more than studied, we understand that it is possible to go through life without education. However, you will have to overcome a difficult road, work hard physically, spoiling both mental and physical health. Ignorance can be imagined as an isolated cube in which a person lives, not wanting to go beyond its boundaries. A raging life will boil and rush around, with magnificent colors, filled with vivid emotions, understanding, awareness of reality. And whether it is worth going beyond the edge of the cube in order to enjoy the true, fresh air of knowledge - only the person himself has to decide.

Summing up

An educated person is not only one who has finished school, an educational institution well and has a highly paid job in his specialty. This image is unusually multifaceted, includes a culture of behavior, intelligence, good breeding.

The main qualities of an educated person:

education;
literacy;
the ability to communicate and express one's thoughts correctly;
politeness;
purposefulness;
culture;
the ability to keep oneself in society;
erudition;
desire for self-realization and self-improvement;
the ability to subtly feel the world;
nobility;
generosity;
excerpt;
diligence;
sense of humor;
determination;
wit;
observation;
ingenuity;
decency.

The concept of "an educated person" is interpreted in different ways, but the main thing in all definitions is the presence of education obtained in various ways: with the help of school, university, self-education, books, life experience. Thanks to knowledge, each of us can reach any heights, become a successful, self-fulfilling personality, a full-fledged unit of society, perceiving this world in a special way.

At present, it is difficult to do without education, because any field of activity requires certain skills and abilities. And to live in the world, knowing nothing about it, is like primitive man, absolutely meaningless.

Finally

In the article, we examined the main criteria, definitions of an educated person, answered the question of what it means to be a cultured person. Each of us evaluates and looks at things according to his social status and ability to perceive the world around him. Some do not even realize that it is bad for an intelligent person to say insulting things to the interlocutor. Some learned this truth from an early age. Indeed, the worldview of a person is primarily influenced by the education of people who put certain information into it, were guides to this life.

We also found out that a well-read person is an individual who reads not only special, educational literature, but also works of the classics. Much in this world is interconnected, but it is education that plays the main and decisive role. Therefore, it is worth taking it with all seriousness, desire and understanding. We are the masters of our lives. We are the creators of our own destiny. And how we live this life depends entirely on us. Despite the difficulties, political or military, our ancestors created excellent conditions for our life. And it is in our hands to make these conditions even better for our descendants. We need education in order to arrange our lives according to our own desire and become a happy person.

Raising the level of your education through the Internet is difficult. In order to become an erudite person, one must not forget to visit the library and read the books of an educated person. We bring to your attention popular publications that every educated person must read, this will make you an interesting, well-read, cultural interlocutor.