From Greek. τρωγλοδύτης ) - since antiquity the name of wild people who lived in caves. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the term was especially applied to people who lived during the last ice age, whose remains were found in the oldest cave deposits, in layers dating back to the Paleolithic era. In colloquial speech, it is used in relation to uncultured and ignorant people.

The caves were believed to have been the main residence of Paleolithic people. It is now recognized that the Paleolithic hunter-gatherers primarily settled in open areas, and the caves were mainly used as storerooms and for ritual purposes.

In popular culture

The image of the "caveman" has become widespread in popular culture, sometimes it is placed in the era of dinosaurs, such as in the cartoon The Flintstones, which is fiction.

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Notes

An excerpt characterizing the Caveman

With regard to the amusement of the people and the troops with theaters, the matter did not succeed in the same way. The theaters established in the Kremlin and in Poznyakov's house immediately closed because actresses and actors were robbed.
Charity and that did not bring the desired results. False banknotes and non-false ones filled Moscow and had no price. For the French, who collected booty, they needed only gold. Not only were the counterfeit banknotes that Napoleon so graciously distributed to the unfortunate, they had no price, but silver was given below its value for gold.
But the most striking manifestation of the invalidity of the higher orders at that time was the effort of Napoleon to stop the robberies and restore discipline.
That's what the ranks of the army reported.
“Robbery continues in the city despite orders to stop it. Order has not yet been restored, and there is not a single merchant who conducts trade in a lawful manner. Only marketers allow themselves to sell, and even then stolen things.
"La partie de mon arrondissement continue a etre en proie au pillage des soldats du 3 corps, qui, non contents d"arracher aux malheureux refugies dans des souterrains le peu qui leur reste, ont meme la ferocite de les blesser a coups de sabre, comme j "en ai vu plusieurs exemples".
“Rien de nouveau outre que les soldats se permettent de voler et de piller. Le 9 October.

Where rules Caveman. It lasted many hundreds of thousands of years, in contrast to the second, which is several thousand years at most.

The first people on the planet

It was the cavemen who, thanks to their work, eventually turned into modern man. At the same time, culture arose. At that time the communities were small. Their organization was the most primitive. As is life. Therefore, sometimes that period is called primitive. Initially, cave people were engaged in gathering and hunting, making stone tools for these purposes. In such communities, equality of rights and obligations prevailed, and there was no class discrimination. Relationships were built on the basis

According to scientists, the caveman appeared about 2.5 million years ago as a result of the evolution of Australopithecus. The main difference is the beginning of stone processing and the creation of primitive tools from it. With such tools, cavemen cut branches, butchered carcasses after hunting, split bones, and dug up roots from the ground. According to the classification of such people, it is customary to call a skillful person. Their abilities were limited to movement on their feet and the ability to hold a stone and a stick, minimal logical actions to make simple tools for hunting. The groups were small.

Pithecanthropus

About one million years ago, the Pithecanthropus, the ape-man, appeared. His brain size was much larger than that of his. Accordingly, he was able to make more complex tools. For example, scrapers, chopped right geometric shape. However, the functions of tools remained the same: to dig, plan, hunt and butcher the results of the hunt. Essential for everyday life and adaptation to natural disasters Cavemen were influenced by the start of the Ice Age. Man has adapted to life in many climatic zones and zones, and scientists find traces of Pithecanthropus in areas of Europe, Northern China and Africa. These signs say that the geography of habitat has expanded significantly. The emergence of land zones contributed to migration due to the lowering of the level of the World Ocean.

How cavemen used to live

Pithecanthropes often arranged their housing near water sources. The caveman already then understood that water sources are the habitat of animals and, therefore, a source of food. A significant number of dangers forced people to gather in large groups for security, as well as to facilitate hunting.

The life of a caveman. Neanderthal

The Neanderthal man appeared 250 thousand years ago. Homo sapiens evolved from Pithecanthropus as a result of influence environment and development of work skills. This stage of human development was named after the valley in which its remains were first found. Outwardly, he already had a great resemblance to modern man. A low forehead, a rough physique, a sloping chin - these are the main distinguishing features that this caveman stood out for. The photographs, modeled on the remains, give an idea of ​​the strength and power that these creatures possessed.

Neanderthals massively populated areas such as the south of Europe, Asia, and Africa. The main dwellings were caves. Often the cave had to be beaten off from the bears who came there for hibernation. The power of the cavemen is also evidenced by the fact that they were able to kill these large animals, the length of which sometimes reached three meters. Mass remains of bear bones have been found in caves in many European countries, such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland and others.

Mental development of a caveman

As mental capacity Neanderthals were higher than those of Pithecanthropes, then the tools of labor were significantly improved. The quality of performance has improved significantly. Also, the form has become more correct and varied. The technology of processing stone material has accelerated. The main achievement of the Neanderthals was the ability to make fire.

About the high level mental development Cavemen are told by the fact that the tools found in different parts of the world differed from each other. That is, their development took place independently in different regions. As scientists suggest, during the same period, racial differences of people also appear. The physical data of ancient people are also changing, which directly depend on the region of their habitat.

The cultural level of the cavemen also increased. In groups, relationships become stronger. There is an understanding of generational change. And, consequently, Neanderthals begin to bury the dead with the help of primitive rites. Often burials were carried out in caves. The people of that time had a separate attitude towards skulls. Their burials were carried out in special pits, probably due to some beliefs or everyday customs.

Unlike Pithecanthropes, Homo sapiens did not abandon the sick and the destitute. Probably, people of that time already obtained food much more than was necessary for survival. Consequently, it became possible to support dependents.

Rites

Found artifacts of that time say that Neanderthals performed some kind of rituals. So, in several caves were found arranged in a certain order. Such an installation is very reminiscent of an altar for religious ceremonies.

The name "cave people" or troglodytes is usually given to: 1) people or peoples who use caves for living, 2) or those whose cultural remains are found in caves, 3) or, finally, those who were buried there, intentionally or accidentally. Most often, the name P. man is used in relation to those people whose remains are found in the oldest deposits of caves, in layers belonging to the Paleolithic era. Few such remains are known to date. The most remarkable are those found in the Noletskaya cave (Trou de la Nauletie) in Belgium, in the Shipka cave, in Moravia (in both cases - fragments lower jaws), in the Neanderthal cave (see) near Düsseldorf, in the Spy grotto, in the province of Namur (Belgium). They indicate the existence of a race of small stature, with an underdeveloped skull, a receding forehead and chin, prominent brow ridges, and a savage hunting culture reminiscent of modern Eskimo. Some believe, based on the finds of human skeletons in the caves of Truchère Furfooz in Belgium, that by the end of the Paleolithic era, another type of person appeared, with a wider skull (brachycephals); but most researchers attribute the appearance of this type to the beginning of the Neolithic era. Dolichocephaly, however, continued to predominate in this era, as evidenced by human remains from many deposits in the caves of France, England, Italy, Spain, Bohemia, Hungary and Russia; but in Germany, in the Neolithic caves of Belgium, in the tombs of the Stone Age of Prussia and Denmark, in places a rather significant percentage of brachycephals is found, which at the end of the Neolithic era, in the era of dolmens, begin to occur more and more often also in France and Switzerland. In general, it is impossible to associate the idea of ​​a human being with the idea of ​​a certain definite physical type and a certain stage of culture. Caves served as dwellings and burial places in the most diverse eras and among the most diverse peoples, who were at very different levels of culture - from the Paleolithic to the modern.

• - located on the right bank of the Chernaya River at its confluence with the Northern Bay of Sevastopol ...

  Toponymic Dictionary of Crimea

• - is located on the outskirts of Bakhchisaray, on the western slope of the Mairam-Dere gorge. There are two versions of the founding of the monastery...

  Toponymic Dictionary of Crimea

• - This is the modern name of the monastery, formerly known as Ctenus, Kalamita...
• - It was located in the Middle Ages in a remote, protected nature place-in Balaklava district 12 km. east-southeast of the top of the Sevastopol Bay and two km. northwest of the village of Ternovka in the caves...

  Toponymic Dictionary of Sevastopol

• - an extinct predatory mammal of the family. feline. Lived in the 2nd floor. Pleistocene - early. Holocene, in Europe and North. Asia. The size of a large lion or tiger. He lived not in caves, but on the plains and in the foothills...

• Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

• - a species of bear that lived at the beginning of the modern geological era and at the end of the previous one, and whose remains are found mainly in caves, which explains the name given to this species and the cave hyena - Hyaena ...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - an extinct predatory mammal of the cat family ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - an extinct predatory mammal of the cat family. Lived in the 2nd floor. Pleistocene - early Holocene, in Europe and North. Asia. The size of a large lion or tiger. He lived not in caves, but on the plains and in the foothills...
• - an extinct carnivorous mammal. Lived in the Pleistocene, in Eurasia. In terms of body structure, it is close to the brown bear, but much larger. Lived in caves...

  Large encyclopedic Dictionary

• - Work with fuels and lubricants and mechanisms - not The best way maintaining personal hygiene. Representatives of other professions sometimes apply for the place of a tanker ...

  Dictionary of folk phraseology

• - Bo / g-man / k, ...

  merged. Apart. Through a hyphen. Dictionary-reference

• - cave adj. 1. ratio with noun. cave associated with it 2. Peculiar to the cave, characteristic of it. 3. Belonging to a cave. 4. Located in a cave. 5...

  Dictionary Efremova

• - ...

  Spelling Dictionary

• - about internally and externally beautiful person Wed Nature, as Shakespeare says, could point her finger at him and say: Tall, slender figure, noble posture and this, I don’t know, is something attractive in the face .....

  Explanatory-phraseological dictionary of Michelson

• - A Russian person is a kind person...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

"Caveman" in the books

From the book The Disappeared World author Akimushkin Igor Ivanovich

"Cave" lion and cave bear

From the book The Disappeared World author Akimushkin Igor Ivanovich

"Cave" lion and cave bear There was a time when lions lived not only throughout Africa, but also on the Arabian Peninsula, in Persia, northwestern India and even in Turkey, Greece, the Caucasus and in the lower reaches of the Don! Drawings and bones of cave scientists found lions in the grottoes of Spain,

CAVE STALINISM

From the book Forbidden Truth by Viktor Suvorov author Pronin Alexander

CAVE STALINISM legislative framework to prevent the passage of soldiers into captivity to the enemy. Measures were taken ahead of time. According to researcher Svetlana Malygina,

Caveman

From the book The Great Delusions of Mankind. 100 Immutable Truths Everyone Believed In author

Caveman It is believed that ancient man lived in natural shelters - caves and grottoes. However, this is not quite true. Scientists believe that ancient people really visited the caves (as evidenced by wall paintings), but they did not live in them.

Cave World

From the book Update August 30, 2003 author Pyatibrat Vladimir

Cave World Caucasus - white mountains - In all regions of the world, Atlantis builds and equips underground cities. Many underground halls are being built in the center of Oceania. Ancient Slavic cities were built under the current shelf of the Black Sea, with more a high degree

Cave labyrinth Gortyna

From the book Great Secrets of Civilizations. 100 stories about the mysteries of civilizations author Mansurova Tatiana

Gortyna cave labyrinth Oxford researchers worked together with experts from the Hellenic Speleological Society. They discovered that black archaeologists had already visited here before them, who wanted to blow up one of the caves in the hope of finding a hidden room with

cave monastery

From the book Secrets of the Mountain Crimea author Fadeeva Tatyana Mikhailovna

Cave Monastery The most interesting cave church of Mangup is located above the main road to the eastern gate: a secret exit from the city led to it through a cleft in the rocks. The natural grotto in front of the temple was used as a courtyard; opposite were the cells

Kailasanath cave temple in Ellur

From the book 100 famous monuments of architecture author Pernatiev Yury Sergeevich

Kailasanatha cave temple in Ellur Rock temples and structures are special kind architecture, not inferior in its uniqueness to European urban masterpieces. The history of the construction of such monuments dates back several hundred years before

Caveman

From the book The Complete Encyclopedia of Our Delusions author Mazurkevich Sergey Alexandrovich

Caveman

From The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Our Delusions [with transparent pictures] author Mazurkevich Sergey Alexandrovich

Caveman It is generally accepted that ancient man lived in natural shelters - caves and grottoes. However, this is not quite true. Scientists believe that ancient people really visited caves (as evidenced by wall paintings), but they did not live in them.

Caveman

From the book The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Our Delusions [with illustrations] author Mazurkevich Sergey Alexandrovich

Caveman It is generally accepted that ancient man lived in natural shelters - caves and grottoes. However, this is not quite true. Scientists believe that ancient people really visited caves (as evidenced by wall paintings), but they did not live in them.

cave lion

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia(PE) author TSB

Garni and cave monastery Geghard

From the book Journey through Soviet Armenia author Shahinyan Marietta

Garni and cave monastery Geghard Over the gorge of Garni (ancient Azat) there is a castle, “a strong fortress”, according to Moses Khorensky. There, ten centuries ago, in the same autumn, exhausted by jealousy, Queen Saakanush, the yearning wife of Ashot, looked for hours at the Dvina road.

Chapter 1

From book 4 secrets of success in life author Tsiporkina Inessa Vladimirovna

Chapter 1. Caveman of the third millennium All this is in my blood For hundreds and hundreds of years, medicine has tried to separate the body and soul - and treat each object separately. For all that, the human race, stubborn in its ignorance, did not want to forget the ancient sciences (or,

Chapter 2 The Caveman Counts Carbohydrates

From the book Chinese Study in Practice [Simple Transition to a Healthy Lifestyle] by Campbell Thomas

Chapter 2 The Caveman Counts Carbohydrates Where is the 360 ​​kg gorilla sitting? Of course, wherever you want. Gorillas are one of the most powerful herbivores on the planet. Like other primates, they get most of their energy from plants: green leaves, stems, fruits, and vines. But

Thousands of years ago, people did not know how to build houses and therefore lived in stone caves. However, it should be noted that the very first inhabitants of the caves did not even look like us. These creatures are called Neanderthals by modern scientists.

In 1856, the remains of several people were excavated from a limestone cave in the Neander Valley in Germany. This is how skeletons were first discovered. primitive people, preserved entirely due to the fact that the ancient inhabitants of the caves buried their dead. As you might guess, they were called Neanderthals in honor of the Neanderthal area, where their remains were found.

According to scientists, Neanderthals lived for about 70,000 years in Central Asia, the Middle East and many regions of Europe. They appeared on Earth about 100,000 years ago.

What did a typical Neanderthal look like? He was a strong, stocky man. His face was very different from the face of a modern person: flat cheekbones, a heavy, far protruding jaw, a low forehead and an almost absent chin - such is the portrait of a normal Neanderthal. It is possible that early Neanderthals lived outdoors during the warming period between ice ages. However, after a new cold snap, they moved under the arches of the caves and learned to fight the cold.

Many hearths found in caves prove that these people used fire to keep them warm and protect them from predators. It is also very likely that they cooked food on it.

Neanderthals knew how to make not only hand axes, but also flint tools. The latter were wide fragments of stones with well-honed edges. Some of them were in the form of irregular triangles and, apparently, were used as knives for skinning and cutting the meat of slaughtered animals. It is possible that Neanderthal hunters also had wooden spears pointed at the end.

And, finally, one very interesting detail about the Neanderthals: their brains were larger than the brains of modern humans!

At the end ice age Cro-Magnons - descendants of Neanderthals, whose appearance was already much more similar to the appearance modern people began to move to Europe. They are so named only because the remains of these cave dwellers were found in the town of Cro-Magnon in southern France. Also interesting is the fact that experts who studied the remains, the skeletons of these cave dwellers, found that they were quite civilized and intelligent people. If they lived today, they could become scientists, statesmen or businessmen.

These people lived in turbulent times, surrounded by wild animals and other dangers. But despite this, they found time to make beautiful drawings on the walls of the caves. These drawings have survived to our time, are well preserved and delight us with their beauty and skillful technique.

These people had a well-developed social life. They lived in families. But since they began to hunt in groups, they had to unite in tribes. They believed in afterworld: that the dead can be resurrected and reborn in the other world.

Gradually they created more advanced stone tools and new weapons. They learned how to carve a spear and a harpoon from horn and bone. They also invented arrows for guns. Women learned how to process skins and sew clothes from them with bone needles. As we can see, these people had intelligence and reached a high stage of development.

• 1. Neanderthal - cost - 40 points.
  2. Cro-Magnon - estimated - 80 points.
  3. Pithecanthropus - get - 120 points.
  4. Troglodyte - earn - 160 points.
  5. Primitive - counts - 200 points.
  6. Hermit - maximum points - 240.

The first popular answer of the participants is Hermit 40 points

The second line is opened by the answer - Neanderthal 80 points

Third place answer - Caveman 120 points

Fourth on the list - Savage 160 points

Fifth option in the game - Primal 200 points

The last name of the man in the cave is Yeti 240 points

In the first place the answer is NEANDERTHAL for this you will get 40 points

in second place is the answer CRO-MAGNON, 80 points

on the third PITECANTROP and for it you will get 120 points

on the fourth TROGLODITE and for it you will get 160 points

in fifth place the answer is PRIMARY - 200 points

sixth line and there the answer is HERMIT - 240 points

In the popular game 100 to 1 to the question What is the name of a person living in a cave? the correct answers are:

1. Neanderthal - the answer earns the player 40 points.
2. Cro-Magnon - earns 80 points.
3. Pithecanthropus - the answer is gaining 120 points.
4. Troglodyte - the answer is estimated at 160 points.
5. Primitive - the answer has 200 points.
6. Hermit - receives a maximum of points - 240.
• 1. Hermit
  2. Caveman
  3. Primitive
  4. Neanderthal
  5. Pithecanthropus
  6. troglodyte

• The Hundred to One game asks the players a difficult question that is related to the history of the Universe, and the players need to name the people who used to live in the caves. And if you don’t know the history, then it will not be easy to answer the question and then you can use the hints that give players at this level. And this is how the answers to this question were distributed:

  Neanderthal - and you will be given forty points for this answer

  Cro-Magnon man - for him you will be awarded eighty points

  Pithecanthropus - and you will be given one hundred and twenty points in the game for this answer

  troglodyte - they lived a very long time at the beginning of the era

  primitive - man descended from him at the height of the era

  hermit - and you will be given two hundred and forty points in the game for this answer.

  Good luck on the playing field.

  Neanderthal - Princet from time immemorial 40 points.

  Cro-Magnon - will give more - 80 points.

  Pithecanthropus - such a scary one will give 120 points.

  troglodyte - quite a monster will give 160 points.

  primeval - it's almost native will throw off 200 points.

  hermit - now there are a lot of them for 240 points.

  Neanderthal -40 points

  Cro-Magnon - 80 points

  Pithecanthropus - 120 points

  troglodyte - 160 points

  primeval - 200 points

  hermit - 240 points

  Good luck to everyone in the game!

  Modern civilized people do not live in caves, therefore, if we talk about choosing this habitat, then we have to turn to ancient history- here are the answers:

  1 (40) - Hermit;

  2 (80) - Neanderthal;

  3 (120) - Cave;

  4 (160) - Savage;

  5 (200) - Primitive;

  6 (240) - Yeti.

  Correct answers to the question:

  1. Neanderthal
  2. Cro-Magnon
  3. Pithecontrop
  4. troglodyte
  5. Primitive
  6. Hermit is the highest scoring answer (240)

• Right answers:

  • First line: Neanderthal, 40 points
  • Second line: Cro-Magnon, 80 points
  • Third line: troglodyte, 160 points
  • Fourth line: Primal, 200 points
  • Fifth line: hermit, 240 points

  Good luck in the game!

  Most points in the game 100 to 1 will bring answers:

  1. Hermit (240 points)
  2. Primal (200 points)
  3. Troglodyte (160 points)

  The least points will bring answers:

  Neanderthal, Pithecanthropus and Cro-Magnon.

  Good luck in the game!

  Another new question for the android game 100 to 1quot ;: What is the name of the person living in the cave? and the correct answers are:

  First line: Neanderthal BC living and 40 points per answer;

  Second line: Cro-Magnon and 80 points for the answer;

  Third line: Pithecontrop you can break the language from such a name and 120 points for the answer;

  Fourth line: troglodyte and 160 points for the answer;

  Fifth line: Primitive person and 200 points for the answer;

  Sixth line: Hermit living really in a cave and 240 points for the answer;

  To this question, people gave some expected, and some completely unexpected answers. Someone even managed to confuse me.

  1) Neanderthal, 40 points

  2) Cro-Magnon, 80 points

  3) troglodyte, 160 points

  4) primeval, 200 points

  5) hermit, 240 points